EP2035239A2 - Procédé permettant de réaliser des surfaces de structure tridimensionnelle - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de réaliser des surfaces de structure tridimensionnelle

Info

Publication number
EP2035239A2
EP2035239A2 EP07728839A EP07728839A EP2035239A2 EP 2035239 A2 EP2035239 A2 EP 2035239A2 EP 07728839 A EP07728839 A EP 07728839A EP 07728839 A EP07728839 A EP 07728839A EP 2035239 A2 EP2035239 A2 EP 2035239A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflection
values
data set
depth
stored
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07728839A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2035239B1 (fr
Inventor
Oliver Stahlhut
Christian Neumann
Michael Mäker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Benecke Kaliko AG
Original Assignee
Benecke Kaliko AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Benecke Kaliko AG filed Critical Benecke Kaliko AG
Publication of EP2035239A2 publication Critical patent/EP2035239A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2035239B1 publication Critical patent/EP2035239B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
    • B44C1/228—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching by laser radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F9/00—Designs imitating natural patterns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing three-dimensionally structured surfaces of objects, wherein the object surface is reproduced by means of a machining tool as a reproduction of a three-dimensionally structured original surface, i. a template is produced, and in which first the topology of the original surface is determined by means of a three-dimensional scanning method and the topological data thus determined and consisting essentially of the height or depth values belonging to each surface element of a grid stretched over the original surface in a first Record are stored, each area or grid element is assigned a measured depth value. This creates a depth map of the original surface.
  • the basis of the method according to the invention is the analysis and description of the reflection properties of an original surface and then the influencing and shaping of the reflection properties of a three-dimensionally structured object surface.
  • DE 43 26 874 A1 discloses a method for engraving a pattern in the surface of a workpiece, wherein surface information in the form of electrical control signals is generated and stored by means of an optical or mechanical scanning of a surface of a template, which then for controlling the engraving laser is being used. In this case, in the area of the transitions or shocks there is the Pattern template surface information as the same pattern several times engraved on the workpiece.
  • the engraving laser is not described here in its actual training and control.
  • Another disclosed principle is merely to change the visibility of the copy by removing, weakening, altering, adding portions of the picture. Again, the edges of the image parts remain visible.
  • One of the simplest methods for evaluating the reflection behavior of surfaces is e.g. in the determination of a "degree of gloss” according to standardized measuring conditions, such as ISO 2813, in which the light radiation reflected at an angle of 60 ° from the surface is measured and assigned a classification in degrees of gloss from dull to glossy, depending on the percentage of reflection Gloss level, however, describes only the average glossiness of the entire surface considered at a given light ratio.
  • EP 61885 IAI shows a method for removing surface coatings on a substrate, the method being controlled by evaluating a color difference of a reflected light so that only the coating to be removed is removed and the substrate itself is not damaged.
  • Reflection properties of a reference surface / pattern surface under controlled lighting evaluated represented using an image processing system and other control or work processes are based. Most of these determination methods have the peculiarity that between strongly or weakly reflecting subregions of a reference surface so far only the subjective evaluation of a trained observer is decisive. Such However, disadvantageously, subjective evaluation can only be transmitted with insufficient accuracy in image processing or automatic systems influencing the production process.
  • the subjective evaluation by the human eye is a very precise and so far by automatic method not to be replaced type of assessment of a structured surface that clearly registers even the smallest changes in the appearance of the surface. Transitions or border areas, which arise for example from the juxtaposition of sections to a total surface, rapport formation and mulette stripes, are striking as well as different or "unnatural" acting light reflection or refraction, for example, the already mentioned checkerboard-like imaging
  • the human eye judges a more distant surface in a very different way than when viewed at close range, it is possible that an artificial leather surface considered in detail and at a small distance appears to be completely even, while the same artificial leather surface appears to be more uniform Meters distance is perceived as restless, streaky, unnatural and highly reflective.
  • the invention was therefore based on the object to provide a method by which three-dimensionally structured surfaces of objects (object surfaces) can be produced whose reflection properties are objectively determinable and beinlbar, also in relation to a pattern or to an original surface, which also allows to provide detected or desired reflection properties as control parameters for surface finishing tools, and which allows both faithful transmission of reflection properties and is capable of adapting reflection properties of artificial surfaces to particular applications.
  • the first data set is subjected to a judgment of the depth values with regard to their influence on the reflection properties of the surface elements, c) depending on the evaluation, a reflection value is assigned as parameters to each surface element and stored in a second data record, d) the depth values of the first data set e) the revised or changed depth values of the first data set are stored as topological data in a third data set and used for the electronic control of a processing tool for processing the three-dimensionally structured object surface
  • the first data set of topological data is thus revised or corrected with the aid of the reflection values of the second data set, and thus in a certain way measured and changed in itself or in its properties judged from another point of view.
  • a reflection value here is understood a value or parameter that the Reflective properties of a surface can mark, so for example, a value that, as described in detail below, the frequency of occurrence of microscopic edges.
  • the essential step in the solution according to the invention is the coupling of the reflection properties of a surface to the macroscopic depth structure actually present in the three-dimensional surface in differentially small dimensions surface elements.
  • the method according to the invention thus produces a correlation of depth structure, i. Topological map of the surface, and local reflection behavior and provides this determined reflection behavior in parametric form as a basis for further processing of the object surface.
  • each surface element is assigned the value obtained by the averaging and describing the frequency and / or height of the edges as a reflection value and stored in a second data record.
  • the solution further developed here consists in the method of edge detection known per se from image processing by means of certain mathematical operators, thus e.g. B. Sobel or Laplace operators, for the reflection analysis of three-dimensional surfaces to make available by first actual and physically existing depth information or depth differences, ie actual edges are provided as data for the calculation.
  • edge detection For example, to recognize or count objects to be processed on a conveyor belt that are photographed or filmed with a camera, such two-dimensional viewing is sufficient for recognizing two-dimensional spatial associations, but not for the complicated structure of a three-dimensional surface and modeling it to be deduced Refiexionseigenschaft.
  • a further development consists in that the averaging after the edge detection takes place in such a way that area elements are combined into groups and the edge frequencies and / or heights averaged within the groups by neighborhood operations are assigned to the groups and stored in the second data record.
  • such averaging is performed by a Gaussian filter as an operator.
  • Control of processing machines in terms of data volumes and processing times can be beneficial.
  • a direction-dependent filtering takes place before the edge detection.
  • the statement about the reflectivity oriented only by the edge height and frequency is substantially and more refined in such a way that the reflection properties at different illumination conditions or viewing angles can also be represented objectively and measurably.
  • the filtering takes place at the edge end detection by a directed Gaussian filtering. This is a simple and fast-acting operator that allows to represent a sufficient number of directions within reasonable times in terms of their reflection properties.
  • the method step d) is designed such that the depth values of the first data set, which are assigned to the area or raster elements in the areas with greatly varying reflection value, removed from the first data set by means of exclusion criteria and by Depth values of the first data set originating from regions of the original surface without strongly varying reflection values. In this way any reflection variations occurring in the original area in the region of reproduction, i. reduce at the object surface.
  • a further advantageous development consists in classifying and excluding the strongly varying reflection values / parameters on the basis of threshold values. This makes it easy to apply over the entire object surface e.g. evenly low Refiexionsgrad and thus set a "velvety" appearance.
  • the method step d) is designed so that the arrangement of the areas divided into corresponding surface or raster elements on the original surface is changed by changing their position, depending on the reflection properties occurring in regions on the original surface the object surface within the grid or Surface element arrangement in the third data set, that discontinuities in the reflection properties of adjacent areas are minimized.
  • a homogenous object surface can be constructed / manufactured, namely by arranging and assembling selected parts of the pattern similar to DE 43 26 874 A1, however here taking into account the reflection properties of the edges and overlaps.
  • Such adjustment of edges and overlaps can be accomplished in a variety of ways, from manual or "quasi-manual" chasing to PC-based image processing or drawing programs, to the structural synthesis methods disclosed by the features of claim 9 and related to deep structures.
  • step d) is designed so that i) that a fourth data set is stored, which consists of randomly generated reflection values for respective raster and area elements of a still to be reproduced fictitious object surface, ii) that then a first random reflection value of
  • a plurality of adjacent random reflectance values are combined into a first subset and stored in a fifth data set, the location and location of the adjacent reflectance values being also stored by the coordinates of the respective surface elements of the object surface; iii) thereafter the fifth data set is written several times with one at each new
  • Reflection values of the original surface ie reflection values of the second data set
  • reflection values of the second data set as well as the coordinates of the respectively associated ones (2) wherein the relative position and arrangement of the adjacent reflection values of the first and second subset are similar, preferably identical, iv) that upon reaching a fixed similarity between the
  • Reflectance values of the first and the reflection values of the second subsets of the first random reflection value of the fictitious object surface is replaced by a second reflection value of the original surface (ie the second data set), in its position and arrangement with respect to the second subset of the position and arrangement of the first reflection value in
  • Method step v) as a simultaneous further criterion the achievement of a defined similarity between the renewed first subset and the adjacent reflection values already stored in the previous run of method steps i) to v) is checked vii) that after reaching a fixed similarity between the
  • reflection values or properties can be used that already exist somewhere in the world
  • the object surface is here thus first of all a kind of fictitious or synthetic intermediate original of a surface, from which the "finished" object surface arises only after the process-related processing steps.
  • Neighborhood comparison merely compares the neighborhoods of individual surface parts or points, not the points themselves. On the basis of this criterion, a more or less large identity of the - not considered - surface points itself is assumed. So that for the method according to claim 9, a start or output value can be set, from which starts the neighborhood comparison, the "fourth" record is occupied at the beginning of the process with any randomly determined data.
  • This data assignment contains only a random, simple and individual reflection property, for example an arbitrarily assumed relative edge frequency, merely for the sake of the calculation not starting from zero.
  • the randomness of these reflection values is generated by taking the latter from random position of the first data set but "de facto" being present somewhere on the original surface.
  • Reflection values around a viewpoint - also a reflection value - stored as a record in the first and second subset.
  • the first random reflection value of the subject surface i. the reflection value for the first considered "point" of the object surface, replaced by a reflection value of the original surface, namely the so-called "second" reflection value, in its position and arrangement with respect to the second subset of the position and arrangement of the first reflection value with respect to the first subset corresponds.
  • a reflection value for a first "point” of the object surface is replaced by a reflection value of another, ie, a second "point” on the original surface.
  • the criterion for the selection of the "substitute value” are "matching" neighborhoods from the object surface and the original surface, namely with regard to their reflection properties and in Regarding their position to the first and second point in the object and original surface.
  • the "environment subset” (record 5) from the object surface is thus compared to the "environment subset” from the original surface (record 6).
  • reflection values from a preceding processing step are available, these are also included in the criterion for the selection of the "substitute value”.
  • a further advantageous development consists in the fact that method step d) is designed in such a way that, in the case of translationally invariant reflection properties of the original surface, different reflection values are assigned to the surface or raster elements of the first data set and stored in the second data set, after which the depth values of the first data set become dependent be changed by the Refiexions fret the second record.
  • the term "surfaces with translationally invariant reflection properties” refers to surfaces which, in extreme cases, have the same reflection properties in every area, at each grid point of the surface. These surfaces include the so-called “technical surfaces", for example pimped or with Honeycomb flooring for industrial plants or plastic foils as a reference for the interior of buses or railways.
  • technical surfaces for example pimped or with Honeycomb flooring for industrial plants or plastic foils as a reference for the interior of buses or railways.
  • a further advantageous development consists in superimposing the depth values of the first data set on the depth values of a further data set which represents the reflection values of randomly arranged structural elements.
  • the reflection properties of the first data set can be changed by the reflection properties of the second data set.
  • the superposition with the topological data / depth data of randomly distributed hair pores is particularly natural. For the manipulation of the reflection properties, then e.g. the depth and the number of hair pores are varied.
  • reflection values or the topological data corresponding to them contain a local change in the microroughness, that is to say essentially a superimposition of random microstructures / microwells. As a result, the reflection properties can be seriously affected.
  • the so-called "ray tracing method” is used for determining the reflection properties / reflection values of actual three-dimensional structures, in that the method steps b) and c) are designed such that b) a simulation model is used to describe light radiation acting on the contour of the original surface characterized by the first data set of the depth values, and c) whose reflection is calculated as a function of the depth discontinuities of the irradiated area elements, assigned to a reflection value and stored in a second data set.
  • the method according to the invention can be used for any type of production method of artificial surfaces.
  • the modified depth structures of a surface which are optimized with regard to the reflection property, can be superimposed as simple parameters with any basic depth scheme / structural scheme, however previously generated, and are thus directly available as control variables.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for producing as article surfaces a plastic film having a grained surface, as used for example in motor vehicles as a covering and imitation leather for a dashboard.
  • Dashboards are subject to a wide variety of light and reflection conditions and should as far as possible produce no glare for the driver. According to the method of the invention, such a plastic film can be produced in the best possible way.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible, for example, to choose a leather, for example a water buffalo leather, which is desired by the consumer because of its shape and characteristics, but which has a "robust impression" desired by the consumer, but on a dashboard with a certain incidence of light unpleasantly reflected, as a plastic molded skin with a reflection-optimized depth structure without affecting the desired overall impression.
  • a leather for example a water buffalo leather

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Image Generation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé qui permet de réaliser des surfaces d'objets de structure trimensionnelle, la surface d'un objet étant reproduite au moyen d'un outil d'usinage à partir d'une surface originale de structure trimensionnelle. Selon le procédé, la topologie de la surface originale est d'abord déterminée et une valeur de profondeur mesurée est associée à chaque élément de surface ou de trame, ce qui permet d'obtenir une carte de profondeurs de la surface originale. Les valeurs de profondeur sont évaluées du point de vue de leur effet sur les propriétés de réflexion des éléments de surface et les propriétés de réflexion sont enregistrées sous forme de paramètres. Les valeurs de profondeur sont ensuite modifiées en fonction des valeurs de réflexion et utilisées sous forme de données topologiques pour la commande électronique d'un outil d'usinage.
EP07728839A 2006-06-20 2007-05-07 Procédé permettant de réaliser des surfaces de structure tridimensionnelle Active EP2035239B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006028239A DE102006028239A1 (de) 2006-06-20 2006-06-20 Verfahren zur Herstellung von dreidimensional strukturierten Oberflächen
PCT/EP2007/054386 WO2007147674A2 (fr) 2006-06-20 2007-05-07 Procédé permettant de réaliser des surfaces de structure tridimensionnelle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2035239A2 true EP2035239A2 (fr) 2009-03-18
EP2035239B1 EP2035239B1 (fr) 2011-01-05

Family

ID=38720991

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07728839A Active EP2035239B1 (fr) 2006-06-20 2007-05-07 Procédé permettant de réaliser des surfaces de structure tridimensionnelle

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8194970B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2035239B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4871392B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE494158T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102006028239A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2358847T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT2035239E (fr)
WO (1) WO2007147674A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005022696A1 (de) * 2005-05-18 2006-11-23 Benecke-Kaliko Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von dreidimensional strukturierten Oberflächen
DE102006028238B3 (de) * 2006-06-20 2007-07-19 Benecke-Kaliko Ag Verfahren zur Analyse der Reflexionseigenschaften
DE102012107967A1 (de) * 2012-08-29 2014-05-15 Benecke-Kaliko Ag Dreidimensional strukturierte Gegenstandsoberfläche
PT2730429T (pt) * 2012-11-07 2018-03-12 Akzenta Paneele Profile Gmbh Método para fabricação de painel de parede ou de piso decorado
JP2016109489A (ja) * 2014-12-03 2016-06-20 キヤノン株式会社 画像処理装置、画像処理方法、プログラム、及びプログラムを記憶した記憶媒体
US10162331B2 (en) * 2015-03-02 2018-12-25 Rolls-Royce Corporation Removal of material from a surface of a dual walled component
DE102015209095A1 (de) * 2015-05-19 2016-11-24 Benecke-Kaliko Ag Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Werkzeugmaschine
JP6762444B1 (ja) * 2020-01-29 2020-09-30 サカタインクス株式会社 印刷版検査装置及び検査方法

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US4500929A (en) * 1979-07-11 1985-02-19 Buechler Lester W Method of engraving an invisible joint within a gravure printing cylinder
US4323317A (en) * 1980-05-07 1982-04-06 Shibuya Kogyo Company, Ltd. Pattern controlling device for laser marker
US4422101A (en) * 1980-07-30 1983-12-20 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Electronic cylinder making method
JPH0784048B2 (ja) * 1986-10-22 1995-09-13 大日本印刷株式会社 エンボス版の製造方法
DE4213106A1 (de) * 1991-04-18 1992-11-05 Laserprodukt Gmbh Verfahren zur bearbeitung von werkstuecken und zur verwendung in diesem verfahren geeignete vorrichtung
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DE4441337A1 (de) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-09 Thomas Elm Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Musters auf eine Platte durch Bestrahlung mit einer LASER-Quelle
JPH0986029A (ja) * 1995-09-28 1997-03-31 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd 賦形版、化粧シート及び細線パターンを作成するための画像処理装置
DE10329381B4 (de) * 2003-06-30 2006-06-22 Kühne, Marco Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines dreidimensional wirkenden Bildes auf einem organischen, brennbaren Substrat sowie Substrat mit einem dreidimensional wirkenden Bild und Verwendung als Substrat
US7812966B2 (en) * 2007-08-30 2010-10-12 Infineon Technologies Ag Method of determining the depth profile of a surface structure and system for determining the depth profile of a surface structure

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090157215A1 (en) 2009-06-18
DE502007006198D1 (de) 2011-02-17
ATE494158T1 (de) 2011-01-15
US8194970B2 (en) 2012-06-05
WO2007147674A2 (fr) 2007-12-27
PT2035239E (pt) 2011-03-31
JP2009541828A (ja) 2009-11-26
JP4871392B2 (ja) 2012-02-08
WO2007147674A3 (fr) 2008-05-29
EP2035239B1 (fr) 2011-01-05
DE102006028239A1 (de) 2007-12-27
ES2358847T3 (es) 2011-05-16

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