EP2035239B1 - Procédé permettant de réaliser des surfaces de structure tridimensionnelle - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de réaliser des surfaces de structure tridimensionnelle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2035239B1
EP2035239B1 EP07728839A EP07728839A EP2035239B1 EP 2035239 B1 EP2035239 B1 EP 2035239B1 EP 07728839 A EP07728839 A EP 07728839A EP 07728839 A EP07728839 A EP 07728839A EP 2035239 B1 EP2035239 B1 EP 2035239B1
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Prior art keywords
reflection
values
data record
stored
depth
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EP07728839A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2035239A2 (fr
Inventor
Oliver Stahlhut
Christian Neumann
Michael Mäker
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Benecke Kaliko AG
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Benecke Kaliko AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
    • B44C1/228—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching by laser radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F9/00—Designs imitating natural patterns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing three-dimensionally structured surfaces of objects, wherein the object surface is reproduced by means of a machining tool as a reproduction of a three-dimensionally structured original surface, i. a template is produced, and in which first the topology of the original surface is determined by means of a three-dimensional scanning method and the topological data thus determined and consisting essentially of the height or depth values belonging to each surface element of a grid stretched over the original surface in a first Record are stored, each area or grid element is assigned a measured depth value. This creates a depth map of the original surface.
  • the basis of the method according to the invention is the analysis and description of the reflection properties of an original surface and then the influencing and shaping of the reflection properties of a three-dimensionally structured object surface.
  • the DE 43 26 874 A1 discloses a method for engraving a pattern into the surface of a workpiece, wherein surface or optical information is generated and stored in the form of electrical control signals by optical or mechanical scanning of a surface of a template which is then used to control the engraving laser.
  • surface or optical information is generated and stored in the form of electrical control signals by optical or mechanical scanning of a surface of a template which is then used to control the engraving laser.
  • Pattern template surface information as the same pattern several times engraved on the workpiece.
  • the engraving laser is not described here in its actual training and control.
  • Another disclosed principle is merely to change the visibility of the copy by removing, weakening, altering, adding portions of the picture. Again, the edges of the image parts remain visible.
  • One of the simplest methods for evaluating the reflection behavior of surfaces is e.g. in the determination of a "degree of gloss" according to standardized measuring conditions, such as ISO 2813, in which the light radiation reflected at an angle of 60 ° from the surface is measured and assigned a classification in degrees of gloss from matt to glossy, depending on the percentage reflection.
  • a degree of gloss describes only the average gloss of the entire surface under consideration at a certain light ratio.
  • the subjective evaluation by the human eye is a very precise and so far by automatic method not to be replaced type of assessment of a structured surface that clearly registers even the smallest changes in the appearance of the surface. Transitions or border areas, which arise, for example, from the juxtaposition of sections to an overall surface, rapport formation and moult strip, are just as noticeable as different or "unnatural" light reflection or refraction, e.g. also the already mentioned checkerboard-like painting.
  • the human eye judges a more distant surface quite differently than when viewed at a close distance. So it may be that about considered in detail and from a small distance artificial leather surface appears completely even, while the same artificial leather surface is perceived when viewed from several meters away as restless, streaky, unnatural and highly reflective.
  • the invention was therefore based on the object to provide a method by which three-dimensionally structured surfaces of objects (object surfaces) can be produced whose reflection properties are objectively determinable and beinlbar, also in relation to a pattern or to an original surface, which also allows to provide detected or desired reflection properties as control parameters for surface finishing tools, and which allows both faithful transmission of reflection properties and is capable of adapting reflection properties of artificial surfaces to particular applications.
  • the first data set of topological data is thus revised or corrected with the aid of the reflection values of the second data set, and thus in a certain way measured and changed in itself or in its properties judged from another point of view.
  • a reflection value here is understood a value or parameter that the Reflective properties of a surface can mark, so for example, a value that, as described in detail below, the frequency of occurrence of microscopic edges.
  • the essential step in the solution according to the invention is the coupling of the reflection properties of a surface to the macroscopic depth structure actually present in the three-dimensional surface in differentially small dimensions surface elements.
  • the method according to the invention thus produces a correlation of depth structure, i. Topological map of the surface, and local reflection behavior and provides this determined reflection behavior in parametric form as a basis for further processing of the object surface.
  • the solution further developed here consists in the method of edge detection known per se from image processing by means of certain mathematical operators, thus e.g. B. Sobel or Laplace operators, for the reflection analysis of three-dimensional surfaces to make available by first actual and physically existing depth information or depth differences, ie actual edges are provided as data for the calculation.
  • edge detection is used, for example, for recognizing or counting objects to be processed on an assembly line, which are photographed or filmed with a camera.
  • a development consists in that the averaging after the edge detection se takes place, that surface elements are combined into groups and in each case within the groups by neighborhood operations averaged frequency frequencies and / or heights are assigned to the groups and stored in the second data record. For example, such averaging is performed by a Gaussian filter as an operator. This results in a characterization or generalization by which the possibly greatly varying number and thickness / height of the edges can be attributed to appropriately uniform reflection values, which can be of advantage in the further use of the data for controlling processing machines with regard to data volumes and computing times ,
  • a further advantageous development is that the filtering in the edge detection is performed by a directed Gaussian filtering. This is a simple and fast-acting operator that allows to display a sufficient number of directions within reasonable times in terms of their reflection properties.
  • the method step d) is designed such that the depth values of the first data set, which are assigned to the area or raster elements in the areas with strongly varying reflection value, removed from the first data set by means of exclusion criteria and by Depth values of the first data set originating from regions of the original surface without strongly varying reflection values.
  • the depth values of the first data set which are assigned to the area or raster elements in the areas with strongly varying reflection value, removed from the first data set by means of exclusion criteria and by Depth values of the first data set originating from regions of the original surface without strongly varying reflection values.
  • a further advantageous development consists in classifying and excluding the strongly varying reflection values / parameters on the basis of threshold values. This makes it easy to apply over the entire object surface e.g. evenly low reflectance and thus a "velvety" appearance set.
  • a further advantageous development consists in that the method step d) is designed so that the arrangement of the regions divided into corresponding area or raster elements on the original surface is changed by changing their position, depending on the reflection properties occurring in regions on the original surface the object surface within the raster or Surface element arrangement in the third data set, that discontinuities in the reflection properties of adjacent areas are minimized.
  • a homogeneous object surface can be built up / produced, namely by selecting selected parts of the pattern similar to those in FIG DE 43 26 874 A1 can be arranged and joined, but here taking into account the reflection properties of the edges and overlaps.
  • Such adjustment of edges and overlaps can be accomplished in a variety of ways, from manual or "quasi-manual" chasing to PC-based image processing or drawing programs, to the structural synthesis methods disclosed by the features of claim 9 and related to deep structures.
  • the object surface is here thus first of all a kind of fictitious or synthetic intermediate original of a surface, from which the "finished" object surface arises only after the process-related processing steps.
  • a start or output value can be set, from which starts the neighborhood comparison, the "fourth" record is occupied at the beginning of the process with any randomly determined data.
  • This data assignment contains only a random, simple and individual reflection property, for example an arbitrarily assumed relative edge frequency, merely for the sake of the calculation not starting from zero.
  • the randomness of these reflection values is generated by taking the latter from random position of the first data set but "de facto" being present somewhere on the original surface.
  • the first random reflection value of the subject surface i. the reflection value for the first considered "point" of the object surface, replaced by a reflection value of the original surface, namely the so-called "second" reflection value, in its position and arrangement with respect to the second subset of the position and arrangement of the first reflection value with respect to the first subset corresponds.
  • a reflection value for a first "point” of the object surface is replaced by a reflection value of another, ie, a second "point” on the original surface.
  • the criterion for the selection of the "substitute value” are "matching" neighborhoods from the object surface and the original surface, namely with regard to their reflection properties and in Regarding their position to the first and second point in the object and original surface.
  • the "environment subset” (record 5) from the object surface is thus compared to the "environment subset” from the original surface (record 6).
  • reflection values from a preceding processing step are available, these are also included in the criterion for the selection of the "substitute value”.
  • a further advantageous development consists in the fact that method step d) is designed such that, in the case of translationally invariant reflection properties of the original surface, different reflection values are assigned to the surface or raster elements of the first data set and stored in the second data set, after which the depth values of the first data set become dependent be changed by the reflection values of the second data set.
  • the term "surfaces with translationally invariant reflection properties” refers to surfaces which in extreme cases have the same reflection properties in every area, at each grid point of the surface. Such surfaces include the so-called “technical surfaces", that is, for example, pimped or with Honeycomb floor coverings for industrial plants or plastic films as a reference for the interior of buses or railways.
  • technical surfaces that is, for example, pimped or with Honeycomb floor coverings for industrial plants or plastic films as a reference for the interior of buses or railways.
  • a further advantageous development consists in superimposing the depth values of the first data set on the depth values of a further data set which represents the reflection values of randomly arranged structural elements.
  • the reflection properties of the first data set can be changed by the reflection properties of the second data set.
  • the superposition with the topological data / depth data of randomly distributed hair pores is particularly natural. For the manipulation of the reflection properties, then e.g. the depth and the number of hair pores are varied.
  • reflection values or the topological data corresponding to them contain a local change in the microroughness, that is to say essentially a superimposition of random microstructures / microwells. As a result, the reflection properties can be seriously affected.
  • the method according to the invention can be used for any type of production method of artificial surfaces.
  • the modified depth structures of a surface which are optimized with regard to the reflection property, can be superimposed as simple parameters with any basic depth scheme / structural scheme, however preshaped, and are thus directly available as control variables.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for producing as article surfaces a plastic film having a grained surface, as used for example in motor vehicles as a covering and imitation leather for a dashboard.
  • Dashboards are subject to a wide variety of light and reflection conditions and should as far as possible produce no glare for the driver. According to the method of the invention, such a plastic film can be produced in the best possible way.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible, for example, to choose a leather, for example a water buffalo leather, which is desired by the consumer because of its shape and characteristics, but which has a "robust impression" desired by the consumer, but on a dashboard with a certain incidence of light unpleasantly reflected, as a plastic molded skin with a reflection-optimized depth structure without affecting the desired overall impression.
  • a leather for example a water buffalo leather

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Image Generation (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé pour réaliser sur des objets des surfaces structurées en trois dimensions, la surface des objets étant formée à l'aide d'un outil de traitement qui reproduit une surface d'origine structurée en trois dimensions, et dans lequel
    a) la topologie de la surface d'origine est d'abord déterminée à l'aide d'une opération de palpage en trois dimensions et les données topologiques ainsi déterminées et constituées essentiellement des valeurs de hauteur et d'épaisseur appartenant à chaque élément de surface d'une trame tendue au-dessus de la surface d'origine sont conservées en mémoire dans un premier jeu de données, une valeur de profondeur mesurée étant associée à chaque élément de surface ou de trame, caractérisé en ce que
    b) le premier jeu de données subit une évaluation de l'influence des valeurs de profondeur sur les propriétés de réflexion des éléments de surface,
    c) en fonction de l'évaluation, une valeur de réflexion est associée en tant que paramètre à chaque élément de surface et est conservée en mémoire dans un deuxième jeu de données,
    d) les valeurs de profondeur du premier jeu de données sont transformées ou modifiées en fonction des valeurs de réflexion du deuxième jeu de données et
    e) les valeurs de profondeur transformées ou modifiées du premier jeu de données sont conservées comme données topologiques dans un troisième jeu de données et sont utilisées pour commander électroniquement un outil de traitement qui traite la surface de l'objet structurée en trois dimensions.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les étapes b) et c) du procédé sont configurées de telle sorte que
    b) les valeurs de profondeur du premier jeu de données subissent une détection des chants et leur moyenne est calculée et
    c) la valeur obtenue par le calcul de la moyenne et qui décrit la fréquence et/ou la hauteur des chants est associée à chaque élément de surface en tant que valeur ou paramètre de réflexion et est conservée en mémoire dans un deuxième jeu de données.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'après la détection des chants, la moyenne est calculée en rassemblant des éléments de surface en groupes et en ce que les moyennes des fréquences de chant et/ou des hauteurs à l'intérieur des groupes sont associées aux groupes par des opérations de voisinage et sont conservées dans le deuxième jeu de données.
  4. Procédé selon les revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un filtrage en fonction de l'orientation est effectué avant la détection des chants.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le filtrage en fonction de l'orientation s'effectue par filtrage de Gauss orienté.
  6. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que dans l'étape d) du procédé, les valeurs de profondeur du premier jeu de données qui sont associées aux éléments de surface ou de trame dans les zones dont la valeur de réflexion varie fortement sont enlevées du premier jeu de données en fonction de critères d'exclusion et sont remplacées par des valeurs de profondeur du premier jeu de données qui proviennent des zones de la surface d'origine dont les valeurs de réflexion ne varient pas fortement.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs et/ou paramètres de réflexion qui varient fortement sont classés et exclus à l'aide de valeurs de seuil.
  8. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que dans l'étape d) du procédé, l'agencement des parties divisées en éléments de surface ou de trame correspondants sur la surface d'origine est modifié en fonction des propriétés de réflexion qui prévalent dans chaque partie de la surface d'origine en modifiant leur position sur la surface de l'objet à l'intérieur de l'agencement des éléments de trame ou de surface du troisième jeu de données de manière à minimiser les irrégularités des propriétés de réflexion entre des parties voisines.
  9. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'étape d) du procédé est configurée en outre de telle sorte que
    i) un quatrième jeu de données constitué de valeurs de réflexion formées aléatoirement pour chaque élément associé de trame ou de surface d'une surface de l'objet est conservé en mémoire,
    ii) en ce qu'ensuite plusieurs valeurs aléatoires de réflexion voisines d'une première valeur aléatoire de réflexion de la surface de l'objet sont rassemblées en une première quantité partielle et conservées en mémoire dans un cinquième jeu de données, la position et l'agencement des valeurs de réflexion voisines étant également conservés sous la forme des coordonnées des éléments correspondants de la surface de l'objet,
    iii) en ce qu'ensuite, le cinquième jeu de données est comparé plusieurs fois avec un sixième jeu de données occupé par de nouvelles données lors de chaque comparaison,
    (1) une deuxième quantité partielle de valeurs de réflexion mesurées voisines de la surface d'origine ainsi que la position et l'agencement de valeurs de réflexion voisines de la surface d'origine sont conservées dans le sixième jeu de données sous la forme des coordonnées des éléments de surface correspondants,
    (2) la position relative et l'agencement des valeurs de réflexion voisines de la première et de la deuxième quantité partielle étant similaires et de préférence identiques,
    iv) en ce que lorsqu'une similitude définie est atteinte entre les valeurs de réflexion des premières quantités partielles et des valeurs de réflexion des deuxièmes quantités partielles, la première valeur aléatoire de réflexion de la surface fictive de l'objet est remplacée par une deuxième valeur de réflexion de la surface d'origine dont la position et l'agencement correspond pour la deuxième quantité partielle à la position et l'agencement de la première valeur de réflexion pour la première quantité partielle,
    v) en ce que les étapes ii) à iv) du procédé sont répétées avec différentes premières et deuxièmes quantités partielles et successivement pour toutes les valeurs de réflexion de la surface de l'objet, un nombre suffisant de fois pour que toutes les valeurs de réflexion de la surface de l'objet soient remplacées successivement par des valeurs de réflexion provenant de la surface d'origine,
    les valeurs de réflexion de la surface de l'objet déjà remplacées lors d'une ou plusieurs exécutions précédente de l'étape iv) du procédé étant reprises conjointement dans la première quantité partielle pour exécuter l'étape ii) du procédé pour la comparaison des quantités partielles dans l'étape (iii),
    vi) en ce qu'après le remplacement de toutes les valeurs de réflexion de la surface de l'objet par des valeurs de réflexion de la surface d'origine, les étapes i) à v) du procédé sont exécutées une ou plusieurs autres fois, les éléments de trame ou de surface qui appartiennent à chacune des valeurs de réflexion étant diminués et en particulier divisés par deux lors de chaque nouvelle exécution, l'atteinte d'une similitude définie entre la nouvelle première quantité partielle et les valeurs de réflexion voisines déjà conservées en mémoire lors de l'exécution précédente des étapes i) à v) du procédé étant vérifiée au cours de l'étape v) du procédé comme autre critère simultané,
    vii) en ce que lorsqu'une similitude définie est atteinte entre la surface de l'objet et la surface d'origine, les valeurs de profondeur du premier jeu de données sont transformées ou modifiées en fonction des valeurs de réflexion de la surface de l'objet.
  10. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que lorsque les propriétés de réflexion de la surface d'origine sont invariantes en translation, des valeurs de réflexion différentes sont associées à chacun des éléments de surface ou de trame du premier jeu de données et sont conservées en mémoire dans le deuxième jeu de données, suite à quoi les valeurs de profondeur du premier jeu de données sont modifiées en fonction des valeurs de réflexion du deuxième jeu de données.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs de profondeur du premier jeu de données sont superposées aux valeurs de profondeur d'un deuxième jeu de données qui représentent les valeurs de réflexion d'éléments structurels disposés aléatoirement.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs de profondeur du premier jeu de données sont superposées aux valeurs de profondeur et/ou aux données topologiques obtenues à partir des valeurs de réflexion des pores filiformes répartis aléatoirement.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs de profondeur et/ou les données topologiques de l'autre jeu de données sont obtenues à partir des valeurs de réflexion d'une variation locale de la microrugosité.
  14. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les étapes b) et c) du procédé sont configurées de telle sorte que
    b) un modèle de simulation décrit un rayonnement lumineux qui agit sur le contour de la surface d'origine caractérisé par le premier jeu de données de valeurs de profondeur et
    c) en ce que la réflexion par la surface d'origine est calculée en fonction des sauts de profondeur des éléments de surface éclairés, est associée à une valeur de réflexion et est conservée en mémoire dans un deuxième jeu de données.
EP07728839A 2006-06-20 2007-05-07 Procédé permettant de réaliser des surfaces de structure tridimensionnelle Active EP2035239B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006028239A DE102006028239A1 (de) 2006-06-20 2006-06-20 Verfahren zur Herstellung von dreidimensional strukturierten Oberflächen
PCT/EP2007/054386 WO2007147674A2 (fr) 2006-06-20 2007-05-07 Procédé permettant de réaliser des surfaces de structure tridimensionnelle

Publications (2)

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EP2035239A2 EP2035239A2 (fr) 2009-03-18
EP2035239B1 true EP2035239B1 (fr) 2011-01-05

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US (1) US8194970B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2035239B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4871392B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE494158T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102006028239A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2358847T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT2035239E (fr)
WO (1) WO2007147674A2 (fr)

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DE102005022696A1 (de) * 2005-05-18 2006-11-23 Benecke-Kaliko Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von dreidimensional strukturierten Oberflächen
DE102006028238B3 (de) * 2006-06-20 2007-07-19 Benecke-Kaliko Ag Verfahren zur Analyse der Reflexionseigenschaften
DE102012107967A1 (de) * 2012-08-29 2014-05-15 Benecke-Kaliko Ag Dreidimensional strukturierte Gegenstandsoberfläche
PT2730429T (pt) * 2012-11-07 2018-03-12 Akzenta Paneele Profile Gmbh Método para fabricação de painel de parede ou de piso decorado
JP2016109489A (ja) * 2014-12-03 2016-06-20 キヤノン株式会社 画像処理装置、画像処理方法、プログラム、及びプログラムを記憶した記憶媒体
US10162331B2 (en) * 2015-03-02 2018-12-25 Rolls-Royce Corporation Removal of material from a surface of a dual walled component
DE102015209095A1 (de) * 2015-05-19 2016-11-24 Benecke-Kaliko Ag Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Werkzeugmaschine
JP6762444B1 (ja) * 2020-01-29 2020-09-30 サカタインクス株式会社 印刷版検査装置及び検査方法

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DE10329381B4 (de) * 2003-06-30 2006-06-22 Kühne, Marco Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines dreidimensional wirkenden Bildes auf einem organischen, brennbaren Substrat sowie Substrat mit einem dreidimensional wirkenden Bild und Verwendung als Substrat
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Publication number Publication date
US20090157215A1 (en) 2009-06-18
DE502007006198D1 (de) 2011-02-17
ATE494158T1 (de) 2011-01-15
US8194970B2 (en) 2012-06-05
WO2007147674A2 (fr) 2007-12-27
EP2035239A2 (fr) 2009-03-18
PT2035239E (pt) 2011-03-31
JP2009541828A (ja) 2009-11-26
JP4871392B2 (ja) 2012-02-08
WO2007147674A3 (fr) 2008-05-29
DE102006028239A1 (de) 2007-12-27
ES2358847T3 (es) 2011-05-16

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