EP3552068A1 - Procédé de surveillance d'un composant électromagnétique d'un système d'automatisation - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance d'un composant électromagnétique d'un système d'automatisation

Info

Publication number
EP3552068A1
EP3552068A1 EP17816699.7A EP17816699A EP3552068A1 EP 3552068 A1 EP3552068 A1 EP 3552068A1 EP 17816699 A EP17816699 A EP 17816699A EP 3552068 A1 EP3552068 A1 EP 3552068A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromechanical component
state
component
electromechanical
detected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17816699.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ralf Hoffmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3552068A1 publication Critical patent/EP3552068A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0218—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
    • G05B23/0243—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults model based detection method, e.g. first-principles knowledge model
    • G05B23/0254—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults model based detection method, e.g. first-principles knowledge model based on a quantitative model, e.g. mathematical relationships between inputs and outputs; functions: observer, Kalman filter, residual calculation, Neural Networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0259—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterized by the response to fault detection
    • G05B23/0283—Predictive maintenance, e.g. involving the monitoring of a system and, based on the monitoring results, taking decisions on the maintenance schedule of the monitored system; Estimating remaining useful life [RUL]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0062—Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of automation technology.
  • an electromechanical component in an automation system for example in a switching device or a safety switching device, the state and the operation of the electromechanical component can change depending on the environmental conditions. The reason for this is for example
  • System states are typically stored as error descriptions in memories and used for evaluation.
  • the behavior of complex multidomain automation systems is typically characterized by the fact that changes in individual characteristic values depend on conditions or changes of others
  • An exemplary reaction is the influence of the movement of an armature of an electromechanical relay on the torque or the force in which a corresponding voltage is induced with changes in a movement speed, which leads to influencing a coil current and thus influencing a torque or a force.
  • a counterforce of the armature depends inter alia on the spring force of the contact spring and thus also on the wear of the contacts over the life or on the temperature of the coil and thus, for example, from the excitation of Neighbor relay off.
  • Other changing characteristics can be, for example, the
  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring an electromechanical component of an automation system.
  • the method includes detecting a current mechanical state quantity of
  • electromechanical component detecting a current electrical
  • a state variable of the electromechanical component and determining a state of the electromechanical component based on a behavioral model of the electromechanical component, wherein the behavioral model takes into account an influence of the detected current mechanical state quantity on the detected current electrical state quantity.
  • the electromechanical component is a
  • electromagnetic switch in particular a relay.
  • the current mechanical state variable comprises one of the following mechanical state variables: a bruise of a contact of the
  • electromechanical component for detecting the current mechanical
  • an electrical variable of the electromechanical component in particular a load current or a change of a load current detected.
  • the electrical quantity is a current through the
  • the behavioral model is associated with the electromechanical component, the behavioral model indicating a progression of the electrical state quantity as a function of the mechanical state variable.
  • the state of the electromechanical component is determined by performing a behavioral simulation of the electromechanical component, wherein the behavioral simulation implements the behavioral model.
  • the method further comprises displaying the determined state of the electromechanical component, in particular by means of a
  • the method further comprises generating a
  • the current mechanical state quantity and the current electrical state quantity are detected by the electromechanical component.
  • the detected current mechanical condition quantity and the detected current electrical condition quantity are removed from the electromechanical component via a communication network to a remote one
  • the invention relates to an electromechanical
  • the electromechanical component comprises a detection device, which is formed, a current mechanical state size of the
  • the electromechanical component further comprises a communication interface configured to transmit the detected current mechanical state quantity and the detected current electrical state quantity via a communication network to a remote data processing device for determining a state of the electromechanical component based on a behavioral model of the electromechanical component Behavior model takes into account an influence of the detected current mechanical state quantity on the detected current electrical state quantity.
  • Communication interface is configured to receive an indication of the detected state via the communication network.
  • the electromechanical component is configured to perform the method.
  • the electromechanical component further comprises a display device, which is designed to indicate the detected state.
  • the electromechanical component further comprises a control device, which is designed to generate a control signal for controlling the electromechanical component in response to the detected state, and to actuate the electromechanical component with the generated control signal.
  • the invention relates to a computer program with a program code for carrying out the method.
  • the electromechanical component and the remote data processing device may be program-programmed to execute the program code or parts of the program code.
  • the invention may be implemented in hardware and / or software.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a method for monitoring an electromechanical component of an automation system
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component and a data processing device
  • Fig. 4a is a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component
  • Fig. 4a is a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component
  • Fig. 4b ' is a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component
  • FIG. 5a shows schematic diagrams of time profiles of state variables of an electromechanical component
  • FIG. 5b shows schematic diagrams of time profiles of state variables of an electromechanical component
  • 5c are schematic diagrams of time histories of state variables of an electromechanical component
  • 5d are schematic diagrams of time courses of state variables of an electromechanical component
  • 5e are schematic diagrams of time courses of state variables of an electromechanical component
  • 5f are schematic diagrams of time courses of state variables of an electromechanical component
  • 6a is a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component
  • Fig. 6a is a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component
  • Fig. 6b is a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component; and Fig. 6b 'is a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component.
  • the method 100 includes detecting 101 a current mechanical state quantity of
  • a state quantity of the electromechanical component and determining a state of the electromechanical component based on a behavioral model of the electromechanical component, wherein the behavioral model takes into account an influence of the detected current mechanical state quantity on the detected current electrical state quantity.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component 200.
  • the electromechanical component 200 comprises a detection device 201, which is designed to determine a current mechanical state variable of the
  • electromechanical component 200 and an actual electrical state quantity of the electromechanical component 200.
  • Component 200 further includes a communication interface 203 configured to communicate the detected current mechanical state quantity and the detected current electrical state quantity to a remote data processing device for determining a state of the electromechanical component 200 based on a behavioral model of the electromechanical component 200 via a communication network. wherein the behavioral model has an influence of the detected current mechanical state variable on the detected current electrical
  • the communication interface 203 is configured to receive an indication of the detected state via the communication network.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component 200 and a data processing device 301.
  • the electromechanical component 200 and the data processing device 301 communicate via a
  • the electromechanical component 200 includes a - - Detection device 201, which is formed a current mechanical
  • Electro-mechanical component 200 further comprises a communication interface 203, which is configured to detect the detected current mechanical state quantity and the detected current electrical state quantity via the communication network 303 to the remote data processing device 301 for determining a state of the electromechanical component 200 on the basis of a behavioral model of the electromechanical component 200 to be transmitted, wherein the behavioral model takes into account an influence of the detected current mechanical state variable on the detected current electrical state variable.
  • the communication interface 203 is designed to provide information about the determined state via the
  • Communications network 303 to receive.
  • the method 100 enables analysis and monitoring of the electromechanical component 200 using a behavioral model, wherein
  • the electromechanical component 200 may be, for example, a switching device.
  • the concept makes it possible, with the state variables transmitted from the real electromechanical component 200, which characteristic values may be, to depict a behavior of the electromechanical component 200 by means of a behavioral simulation.
  • the behavioral simulation or system simulation are in a
  • state variables or Wirkieren for example, a current, a force, a flow or a logical state.
  • the advantage of the behavioral simulation is, for example, that the effect and feedback of the state variables can be taken into account.
  • repercussions of mechanical systems can be mapped to electromagnetic and electrical systems.
  • the behavioral simulation thus forms an actual at the time of
  • state variables representing state of electromechanical - - Component 200 off.
  • changes in the mechanical or electrical state variables are detected. If applicable, relevant changes or
  • decisions may be passed to the real electro-mechanical component 200.
  • decisions may be passed to the real electro-mechanical component 200.
  • meta-models In terms of size, complex models of behavior can be modeled using meta-models and integrated into the behavioral simulation.
  • the application of meta-models is, for example, in the representation of a reliability behavior of electrical contacts in dependence of a load, a mechanical overstroke, a
  • the electromechanical component 200 determines the state variables, for example by means of current measurement, voltage measurement, time measurement or state determination, and transmits them via the communication network 303, for example via Ethernet, Profinet or USB, to the remote data processing device 301, on which the behavioral model with the acquired data determines the behavior ,
  • the results of the behavioral simulation are transmitted as a state for controlling the electromechanical component 200, possibly also for switching off to avoid critical or potentially dangerous states.
  • the electromechanical component 200 determines according to option 1, the state variables and transmits them to a parallel system, which is in the electromechanical component 200 or its immediate vicinity, for example, on a DIN rail directly adjacent, is located on the behavior model and the data according to Option 1 evaluates and transmits the results according to option 1 to the electromechanical component 200. , ,
  • the electromechanical component 200 transmits the data to a system on which the behavioral model runs as an executable object and which transmits the results according to option 1 or 2 to the electromechanical component 200.
  • the behavioral or simulation model typically includes objects from the following domains:
  • Electromagnetic e.g. Relays, contactors, valves, Hall sensor;
  • Fluids e.g. Pressure valves, nozzles
  • Thermal sources e.g. Load resistors, heaters, fans, coolers;
  • Software objects e.g. Firmware blocks, PWM, OSSD;
  • FIG. 4a and FIG. 4a ' show a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component 200, which is designed as an electromagnetic switching device.
  • the electromechanical component 200 comprises a firmware component 401, an electronics component 403, an electromechanical component 405, a fluid component
  • the behavioral model includes a firmware module 41 1, an electronics module 413, an electromagnetics module 415, a mechanics module 417, and a meta-model module 419 for determining contact reliability.
  • the electromechanical component 200 comprises a firmware component 401, an electronics component 403, an electromechanical component 405, a fluid component 407, and a communication interface 203 or data interface 409 for bidirectional data transmission.
  • the behavioral model optionally or additionally comprises an object 421 for determining an arc-burning time, an object 423 for determining a bouncing behavior of contacts, and an object 425 for determining a contact resistance.
  • Figs. 5a to 5f show schematic diagrams of time courses of
  • the life of a contact of a relay as an electromechanical component depends heavily on loads with high inrush current, such as contactors or motors, from the bounce when switching on the contact. If the contact does not bounce or the bounce time is none than 0.1 s, so that usually can not form a Einschaltschreibbogen, the contact wear by heating by the Einschaltbogen is less than bouncing contacts with a bounce time of typically more than 1 to 5ms and a number of bumpers between 2 and 5. When exceeding critical values, such as the bounce number or the bounce duration, the load contact can permanently weld and thus the load remain switched on, which can represent a potentially dangerous condition.
  • the change of the bounce behavior can be done by a variety of influences, such as a number of switching cycles on the load contact, an influence of a
  • the bounce behavior in particular the bounce number or the bounce time, of the load contact is determined.
  • the electromechanical component becomes information about them
  • State change provided. Thereupon, for example, a warning to an operator or a shutdown at a suitable time before a failure and thus performed before a critical condition.
  • the determination of the bounce behavior can take place in that the load current is detected by means of a current sensor, for example a reed contact, and / or the mechanical reaction of the contact bounce on the drive current of the relay coil.
  • a current sensor for example a reed contact
  • the load current is briefly switched off by the open contact. At high loads, an arc can occur between the open contacts , ,
  • Fig. 5a the excitation voltage of the relay coil, the coil current, the contact current at the make contact and the armature movement are shown. These state variables can be detected metrologically. It can be seen that the bumpers of the make contact affect the coil current. This influence on the coil current can be detected and evaluated metrologically.
  • One possibility of the evaluation is the 1 to 2 differentiation of the coil current to detect the change in the coil current, as shown for example in Fig. 5b.
  • the Preller After the first contact the Preller are identifiable as zeros after 2-fold differentiation of the coil current. About the number and duration of the zeros can be identified on the Anberichtseite the number and duration of Kunststoffpreller.
  • Another possible application is the analysis of the causes of contact bouncers and, if necessary, a correction during operation. A cause of bouncing can occur, for example, a heating of the relay and an associated increase in the coil resistance. By this effect, the coil current is reduced to energize the relay, which at the same time can cause a reduction in the force of the magnet system and, associated therewith, an increase in the bounce time or the number of bumpers.
  • Relay parameters and the measured state variables of the real object possible.
  • the model parameters By optimizing the model parameters with the aim of minimizing a deviation of a model characteristic, for example the differentiated coil current and the measured differentiated coil current, the differences in the behavior of the model can be determined - Determine - real object-determining parameters and their size. Based on this knowledge, for example, by changing the
  • An assert characterizing such as a current increase, a voltage value, a pulse shape, a pulse duration, a pulse frequency in a pulse width modulation (PWM), a control influence the bounce behavior such that the number or duration of Preller is minimized and thus the time to reach a critical condition, such as a permanently welded contact, can be moved backwards.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • a PWM control is often selected. This has the advantage that the relay coil can be operated after switching on with a pulsed voltage, which is sufficient to maintain the working state. Since the relay parameters can scatter, the pulse width is typically chosen so that this working state is maintained even under worst-case conditions for all possible relays. But since only very few relays - with normally distributed processes "0.1%" - require these worst-case conditions, the remaining vast majority is driven with a higher than the required power. This power leads to a warming and thus to challenges, especially with a large number of simultaneously controlled relays.
  • the concept consists in detecting the optimum drive power for the respective relay, for example by means of a pulse-pause ratio, and to set the drive minimally in such a way that the working position is always maintained.
  • Step 1 the procedure is as follows: Step 1:
  • Step 3 - - At the beginning of the anchor movement - identifiable by an increase in
  • Coil voltage - change in the pulse ratio such that the armature remains safely in the working position.
  • FIG. 5c the course of the drive voltage, the coil current, the movement of the armature and the contact force under normal conditions are shown by way of example.
  • the coil voltage is switched after 45ms to a PWM, which is designed so that the armature remains in the working position.
  • FIG. 5 d shows an exemplary case in which the PWM is not sufficiently dimensioned, so that after a delay time of approximately 62 ms the armature begins to detach from the end position and thus also the contact force is reduced.
  • FIGS. 5e and 5f show a state in which the
  • Anchor movement is detected by the coil current is differentiated and the
  • Anchor movement is detected by a positive zero crossing of the differentiated armature current. With this signal, the PWM is now changed so, for example, by increasing a duty value that the anchor immediately again safely reaches the end position. The resulting remaining armature movement is minimal and the contact force on the load contact remains virtually unchanged, as shown in Fig. 5e.
  • FIGS. 6a, 6a ', 6b and 6b' show a schematic diagram of an electromechanical component 200.
  • the described concept makes it possible to realize a "digital twin" on the basis of a physical behavioral model of the electromechanical component 200 be implemented by means of a system simulator.
  • the behavioral model (1) as a system map includes physical models of all components of the electromechanical component 200, such as:
  • switching contact (model contact resistance, arc switching contact relay);
  • Replacement model or meta-model similar to a characteristic field can be mapped. It may be advantageous to generate different models for different load types, such as DC or AC, and failure mechanisms, such as a non-opening contact as a potentially dangerous failure or a non-closing contact.
  • the generation of a replacement model takes place, for example, by means of the method of the MOP (Metamodel of Optimal Prognosis).
  • the behavioral model (1) is initialized in a new or original state with data from the production or final test in such a way that the state of the respectively assigned hardware is mapped.
  • the state variables include, for example:
  • Relay parameters obtained from the simulation which are not metrologically detectable but for the behavior (eg failure / life) may be relevant, for example, an overstroke of the load contact or a friction path of the load contact.
  • the measured values transmitted as signals are converted by mathematical operations, such as integral operations, transformations or derivatives, such that the characteristic properties of the signals can be represented by coefficients, for example. These can be displayed and processed analogously to normal parameters.
  • the transmitted measured values and the parameters determined therefrom in the simulation and the parameters determined using the behavioral model in the simulation are processed, for example, in at least one meta-model for predicting a failure behavior, for example a remaining number of operating cycles.
  • the state variables or states are output or visualized. In the case of a significant reduction in the expected residual life or a low residual life, for example, preventive maintenance can be used to avoid unexpected failure. In the case of a remaining high remaining life, for example, a scheduled maintenance can be postponed.
  • the behavioral model may be localized in extension of the hardware of the electromechanical component 200.
  • a data transmission takes place in this case, for example via an internal bus.
  • the behavioral model may be, for example, in a machine line in a data processing device located in the local network or for one or more
  • electromechanical components may be located at a remote location, such as in a cloud.
  • an active influencing or optimization of the electromechanical component 200 is effected by changes of adjustable ones
  • an optimizer (6) the results of the simulation, for example, the remaining life, with variation of
  • Simulate simulation parameters (1.9), such as relay characteristics to the effect that an optimal parameter set (1 .10) is found in which, for example, the highest possible residual life is achieved.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé (100) de surveillance d'un composant électromagnétique d'un système d'automatisation. Le procédé (100) comprend : une détection (101) d'une grandeur d'état mécanique actuelle du composant électromécanique ; une détection (103) d'une grandeur d'état électrique actuelle du composant électromécanique ; et une détermination (105) d'un état du composant électromécanique sur la base d'un modèle de comportement du composant électromécanique, le modèle de comportement tenant compte d'une influence de la grandeur d'état mécanique actuelle détectée sur la grandeur d'état électrique actuelle détectée.
EP17816699.7A 2016-12-12 2017-12-11 Procédé de surveillance d'un composant électromagnétique d'un système d'automatisation Pending EP3552068A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU93350A LU93350B1 (de) 2016-12-12 2016-12-12 Verfahren zur Überwachung einer elektromechanischen Komponente eines Automatisierungssystems
PCT/EP2017/082268 WO2018108833A1 (fr) 2016-12-12 2017-12-11 Procédé de surveillance d'un composant électromagnétique d'un système d'automatisation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3552068A1 true EP3552068A1 (fr) 2019-10-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17816699.7A Pending EP3552068A1 (fr) 2016-12-12 2017-12-11 Procédé de surveillance d'un composant électromagnétique d'un système d'automatisation

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US11380506B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3552068A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6773226B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN110073303A (fr)
LU (1) LU93350B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018108833A1 (fr)

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JP6773226B2 (ja) 2020-10-21
WO2018108833A1 (fr) 2018-06-21
CN110073303A (zh) 2019-07-30
US20210358710A1 (en) 2021-11-18

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