EP3605579A1 - Procédé de commutation à point zéro d'un relais - Google Patents
Procédé de commutation à point zéro d'un relais Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3605579A1 EP3605579A1 EP19178316.6A EP19178316A EP3605579A1 EP 3605579 A1 EP3605579 A1 EP 3605579A1 EP 19178316 A EP19178316 A EP 19178316A EP 3605579 A1 EP3605579 A1 EP 3605579A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- relay
- voltage
- switching
- inertia
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
- H01H47/20—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for producing frequency-selective operation of the relay
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
- H01H2009/566—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle with self learning, e.g. measured delay is used in later actuations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H2047/009—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current with self learning features, e.g. measuring the attracting current for a relay and memorising it
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for switching the zero point of a relay switching an AC-powered load. Furthermore, the invention relates to a relay circuit, in particular for carrying out the aforementioned method, with a relay provided for switching an AC-fed load and with control electronics for controlling the relay.
- Relay circuits and methods for switching a relay to zero are previously known. With the previously known methods for zero-point switching of a relay switching an AC-powered load, one would like to extend the service life of the relay with regard to the number of its switching cycles by switching the relay contacts in or in the region of the zero crossing of the AC voltage. This prevents switching sparks from occurring. Switching sparks are arcs that form between the switch contacts when they are not closed and as long as their distance is not sufficiently large. Such arcs remove material from the switch contacts. The higher the voltage or the current at the time of switching, the more intense the formation of such a switching arc. For this reason, methods and relay circuits have been developed with which such a relay is switched in the region of the zero crossing of the AC voltage.
- Such a relay circuit is known, for example, from DE 297 01 352 U1 , These and other previously known methods have in common that the switching inertia during the switching-on process is determined in a first step.
- the switching inertia of the relay is the period of time that is required by the relay until the relay contacts are actually closed after receiving a switch-on control signal.
- This switching inertia is due to the system and is due to the necessary structure of the magnetic field due to the energization of the relay coil and the distance to be covered by the movable switching contacts.
- the movable relay contacts work against the force of a return spring, through which the desired movement of the movable switch contacts is braked and thus slowed down.
- the Switching inertia of such a relay is therefore dependent on its design and can be, for example, between 3 and 10 ms.
- the relay is then controlled by its control electronics in such a way that the switch-on time is before the next expected zero crossing of the AC voltage by the duration of the switching inertia.
- This value is basically a size specified by the manufacturer.
- the switching inertia can also be determined automatically by the relay circuit, as can a change in the switching inertia as a result of, for example, aging of the relay. For this purpose, it is proposed in the prior art that the occurrence of a switching spark is optically determined and, when such a switching spark is detected, the relay is triggered in its next actuation with a switching inertia shifted by a fraction of a period. Alternatively, the current profile can be observed.
- the invention is based on the object of proposing an initially mentioned method for zero-point switching of an AC-powered load switching relay and a relay circuit, with which or with which not only the switching inertia of a relay regardless of the type of this switched load is possible, but which relay circuit is also simple and therefore inexpensive.
- the aspect of the task relating to the relay circuit is achieved by a generic relay circuit mentioned at the outset, in which the relay circuit has a voltage measuring device for detecting the voltage across the relay contacts.
- the switching inertia of the relay is determined via the voltage that can be detected via the relay contacts. If the relay contacts are open, a voltage can be measured between them. If the relay contacts are closed, no voltage can be detected. Since there is no voltage across the relay contacts when the relay contacts are closed is measured, this method can be used regardless of the type of load switched by the relay to effectively determine the switching inertia of the relay. In addition, voltage measurement is possible with much simpler means than current measurement. While a voltage measurement is quasi powerless, with a current measurement, the larger the current, the more power has to be converted in the measuring device. As a result, the circuit structure of the relay circuit, when the voltage across the switching contacts is detected in order to determine the switching inertia of the relay, is less complex than a circuit which is required for a current measurement.
- the state of the relay contact is determined by continuously differentiating the voltage across the relay contacts, which is also referred to below as the contact voltage. If a certain slope is reached, this defines the relay contact closed state or, in the case of determining the switching inertia when switching off, the relay contact open state. In this way, inaccuracies with regard to the transition contact can be compensated in a particularly simple manner, especially during the switch-on process, for example by bouncing the contacts and the like. This improves the accuracy of the time measurement between the transmission of the control signal to the relay and the definition of the relay contact closed state.
- the relay switches an AC voltage. If a differentiation is made via this voltage curve, it follows that the switching state change takes place when the determined slope is zero. However, this can correspond to the lower extremum, the upper extremum or the closed switching contact.
- an absolute voltage range is additionally defined in this embodiment, in which the voltage must lie so that a change in state is registered. The state when the relay contact is closed is in this range, but not the upper or lower extremum. It is thus avoided that a point in time is assumed as the time of measurement at which there is actually only one extreme of the AC voltage.
- the voltage profile of the voltage present at the relay is monitored, specifically to determine the point in time of the next expected zero crossing of the AC voltage present.
- the measured time period defining the switching inertia between the time when the relay is activated and the time when the relay contacts are closed or opened is subtracted from the expected zero-crossing time at the activation time for activating the relay.
- the relay is therefore not activated only at the time when the AC voltage crosses zero, but at an earlier time which corresponds to the time of the expected zero crossing minus the switching inertia of the relay. In this way, the relay switches in a very narrow range around the zero crossing and thus at a time in the AC voltage curve at which there is no or only a very low voltage and thus the risk of switching sparks or switching arcs being effectively prevented.
- the switching inertia during the switch-off process is generally lower than that during the switch-on process, which is due to the fact that the switch-off is effected via the restoring force of one or more spring elements and, unlike the switch-on process, a magnetic field does not have to be built up first.
- the voltage profile of the voltage applied to the relay can be monitored, as is provided in one exemplary embodiment, by a voltage divider connecting the phase to the neutral conductor.
- the hardware required for this is low.
- An embodiment in which the control electronics themselves have zero-crossing detection is also entirely possible. This can of course also be used to monitor the voltage curve of the voltage applied to the relay.
- the averaged value then represents the switching inertia to be taken into account when activating the relay.
- the determined switching inertia can be low-pass filtered.
- the switching inertia can easily be determined during the switch-on process or also during the switch-off process for each switching process. It goes without saying that corresponding results can also be obtained if the switching inertia determinations are not carried out with every switching operation but with every nth switching operation. This measure automatically adapts a switching inertia of the relay that changes, for example, due to aging. No switching inertia needs to be specified by the manufacturer if the described method is carried out at least in a first operating phase of the relay.
- the switching inertia is detected with sufficient accuracy after just a few switching operations in order to be able to guarantee the desired zero switching in a narrow area around the zero crossing.
- a relay circuit 1 comprises a relay 2 which is controlled by control electronics 3 which are designed as microcontrollers in the exemplary embodiment shown.
- the control electronics 3 has a control input 4, to which a control signal is present when the relay 2 is to be switched.
- Relay 2 is switched on to switch phase 5 of an AC circuit into the circuit.
- the relay 2 switches an AC-powered load, which is an LED light 6 in the illustrated embodiment.
- the neutral conductor is in Figure 1 identified by reference number 7.
- the phase 5 and the neutral conductor 7 are connected to an AC voltage source 8, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is the mains voltage.
- the relay 2 has a fixed relay contact 9 and a movable relay contact 10.
- the relay 2 is shown in its open position, in which the two relay contacts 9, 10 are spaced apart and the LED light 6 is not energized.
- a voltage measuring device 11 Connected to the relay contacts 9, 10 is a voltage measuring device 11, the signal line 12 of which is connected to a first signal input of the control electronics 3.
- the voltage is measured via the relay contacts 9, 10 in order to determine the respective switching inertia via the changing voltage when the relay 2 is switched on and also during the switching off process, that is to say: the time between receipt of a switch-on control signal at the control input 4 and the state that the relay contacts 9, 10 are closed is determined.
- the switching inertia of relay 2 when switching off is determined on the basis of the closed relay contacts 9, 10.
- the switching inertia of relay 2 can be determined with each load and in particular also with inductive loads with relay circuit 1.
- An electronic memory 13 is connected to the control electronics 3, in which the results of the switching inertia measurements are stored.
- the memory 13 is organized in the manner of a ring or register memory, so that a certain number of switching inertia measurements can be stored therein.
- the relay circuit 1 also has a voltage monitoring device 14, which is designed as a voltage divider in the exemplary embodiment shown.
- the voltage monitoring device 14 is connected between the phase 5 and the neutral conductor 7 or connects the phase 5 to the neutral conductor 7. Via the voltage monitoring device 14 the course of the mains voltage present is monitored with respect to the zero crossings of the AC voltage.
- the signal line 15 of the voltage monitoring device 14 is connected to a second signal input of the control electronics 3.
- relay 2 With relay circuit 1, relay 2 can be switched to zero. This means that the relay contacts 9, 10 have reached their closed state or a state reflecting this state during a switch-on process in the region of the zero crossing of an AC voltage half-wave. When switching off, the relay contacts 9, 10 are opened in the area of the zero crossing.
- the switching inertia of relay 2 is determined in the first step when switching on. In the exemplary embodiment shown, that time is recorded via the control device 3 that is required so that the relay contacts 9, 10 are closed after the control input 4 has been subjected to a corresponding control signal. If a switch-on control signal is present at the control input 4, the time measurement begins. At the same time, the voltage across the relay contacts 9, 10 is measured via the voltage measuring device 11. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the voltage is continuously differentiated, namely until it has reached a predefined slope. Has the Differentiation reached a certain slope, the voltage has reached an expected or predefined state reflecting the closed state. The expected voltage state is selected so that the relay contacts 9, 10 are then closed.
- the expected voltage state is assumed to be 0V in the exemplary embodiment shown.
- the time measurement is ended when the predetermined slope has been reached by differentiating the contact voltage (voltage via the relay contacts 9, 10). This determined time period corresponds to the switching inertia of relay 2.
- the AC voltage is monitored via the voltage monitoring device 14, with regard to the time of the expected zero crossings.
- the relay 2 When switching on the next time, the relay 2 is activated by the control electronics 3 at a time for switching on which corresponds to the time of the next expected zero crossing of the AC voltage minus the previously determined switching inertia of the relay 2.
- this activation process is in Figure 2 identified with t on2 and the closed state of relay 2 with t switch2 .
- the time t switch2 is immediately adjacent to the actual zero crossing of the AC half-wave shown.
- the switching inertia of the relay 2 is not constant within certain limits, also due to changing environmental conditions, such as temperature or the like. For this reason, several switching inertia measurements are carried out to determine the switching inertia during the switch-on process and are stored in the memory 13. The current number of switching inertia measurements from the same number in each case becomes the current one Averaged, which is then used for the next switch-on process to determine the switch-on time.
- the relay circuit 1 works adaptively with regard to a changing switching behavior, be it due to changing environmental conditions, due to aging or otherwise.
- the switching inertia during a switch-off process is determined in an analogous manner.
- the improvement described above during the switch-on process already leads to a significant extension of the service life of the relay 2 or its relay contacts 9, 10.
- the tolerances in the switching inertia during the switch-off process are smaller, which is also due to the fact that no magnetic field has to be built up when switching off. Consequently, the variance of the switching inertia when switching off is typically significantly less than when switching on. It is therefore not absolutely necessary to determine the switching inertia when switching off in the manner described. When switching off, you can therefore fall back on a switching inertia that is used as a constant variable in the process. Changes due to aging can be reflected by changing this constant size.
- this determined time difference between the contact-closed state t switch2 and the actual zero point can be included in the determination of the switching inertia. In this way it is possible to place the relay contact closed state as close as possible to the actual zero crossing.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
- Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018118329.1A DE102018118329B3 (de) | 2018-07-30 | 2018-07-30 | Verfahren zum Nullpunktschalten eines Relais sowie Relaisschaltung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3605579A1 true EP3605579A1 (fr) | 2020-02-05 |
| EP3605579B1 EP3605579B1 (fr) | 2020-09-09 |
Family
ID=66770287
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19178316.6A Active EP3605579B1 (fr) | 2018-07-30 | 2019-06-05 | Procédé de commutation à point zéro d'un relais |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3605579B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE102018118329B3 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3920202A1 (fr) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-12-08 | ise Individuelle Software und Elektronik GmbH | Agencement de commutation et procédé de détermination du moment de commutation exact d'un relais électromécanique |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020207276A1 (de) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-16 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Verfahren und Steuereinheit zum Schalten eines Relais bei Nulldurchgang |
| DE102021116591B4 (de) | 2021-06-28 | 2024-10-17 | Ean Elektroschaltanlagen Gmbh | Antrieb zur Betätigung einer elektrischen Schalteinrichtung und Vorrichtung zur Netzumschaltung sowie dazugehörige Betriebsverfahren |
| DE202022107140U1 (de) | 2022-05-23 | 2023-01-25 | Insta Gmbh | Relaisschaltung |
| DE102022121898A1 (de) | 2022-08-30 | 2024-02-29 | Insta Gmbh | Verfahren zum Einschalten eines Relais zum Bewirken eines minimalen Einschaltstroms |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29701352U1 (de) | 1997-01-29 | 1997-04-17 | Domotec Ag, Aarburg | Schaltungsanordnung zum Ein- und Ausschalten eines durch eine Last fließenden elektrischen Wechselstroms |
| EP0997921A1 (fr) | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-03 | ABBPATENT GmbH | Procédé et dispositif de commande pour un relais électromécanique |
| FR2791466A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-09-29 | Crouzet Automatismes | Relais electromecanique assiste a la commutation |
| US20030235017A1 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2003-12-25 | Daniel Liu | Spark elimination circuit for controlling relay contacts |
| DE102005051762A1 (de) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Steinel Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum steuerbaren Herstellen einer Schaltverbindung |
| EP2107585A2 (fr) * | 2008-04-01 | 2009-10-07 | Eltako GmbH Schaltgeräte | Commutateur électrique |
| US20170229269A1 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-10 | Control4 Corporation | Systems and methods for controlling relay activation timing |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018102503B3 (de) * | 2018-02-05 | 2019-03-28 | Eq-3 Holding Gmbh | Schalteinheit mit einem elektrischen Relais und einer Relaisansteuerungseinheit sowie Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines elektrischen Relais |
-
2018
- 2018-07-30 DE DE102018118329.1A patent/DE102018118329B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-06-05 EP EP19178316.6A patent/EP3605579B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29701352U1 (de) | 1997-01-29 | 1997-04-17 | Domotec Ag, Aarburg | Schaltungsanordnung zum Ein- und Ausschalten eines durch eine Last fließenden elektrischen Wechselstroms |
| EP0997921A1 (fr) | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-03 | ABBPATENT GmbH | Procédé et dispositif de commande pour un relais électromécanique |
| FR2791466A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-09-29 | Crouzet Automatismes | Relais electromecanique assiste a la commutation |
| US20030235017A1 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2003-12-25 | Daniel Liu | Spark elimination circuit for controlling relay contacts |
| DE102005051762A1 (de) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Steinel Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum steuerbaren Herstellen einer Schaltverbindung |
| EP2107585A2 (fr) * | 2008-04-01 | 2009-10-07 | Eltako GmbH Schaltgeräte | Commutateur électrique |
| US20170229269A1 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-10 | Control4 Corporation | Systems and methods for controlling relay activation timing |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3920202A1 (fr) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-12-08 | ise Individuelle Software und Elektronik GmbH | Agencement de commutation et procédé de détermination du moment de commutation exact d'un relais électromécanique |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102018118329B3 (de) | 2020-01-30 |
| EP3605579B1 (fr) | 2020-09-09 |
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