EP4174376B1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de commande, appareil de chauffage et utilisation d'un courant d'ionisation détecté et d'une température détectée - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de commande, appareil de chauffage et utilisation d'un courant d'ionisation détecté et d'une température détectée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4174376B1
EP4174376B1 EP22201484.7A EP22201484A EP4174376B1 EP 4174376 B1 EP4174376 B1 EP 4174376B1 EP 22201484 A EP22201484 A EP 22201484A EP 4174376 B1 EP4174376 B1 EP 4174376B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating device
flame
heater
power
detected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22201484.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4174376A1 (fr
Inventor
Marco Hahn
Michael Paul
Jochen Grabe
Andreas Reinert
Klaus Richter
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/14—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors
    • F23N5/143—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel

Definitions

  • Gas-fired heaters usually have a flame detection device that prevents unburned fuel gas-air mixture from escaping into the heater's combustion chamber.
  • the flame detection allows the gas supply to the heater to be interrupted as soon as the flame detection device can no longer detect a flame, thus enabling the heater to be operated particularly safely.
  • flame detection is often used, which is based on a measured ionization current of the heater's flame. This determines the charge carriers released during combustion. Such a method enables safe and reliable flame detection.
  • FR1380198 reveals a gas burner. Flame detection is carried out by simultaneously determining the flame temperature and the ionization current. The ionization current is used to determine the length of the flame.
  • the object of the invention to propose a method for flame monitoring of a heating device which at least partially overcomes the problems of the prior art described.
  • the method is intended to propose a particularly safe and robust possibility for monitoring a heating device which is designed to burn pure hydrogen or a fuel gas with a hydrogen content of more than 90 vol.% [volume percent], in particular more than 97 vol.%.
  • a device for a heating device suitable for carrying out a method proposed here is to be specified, the complexity of which is not or only insignificantly increased and/or can carry out the method with simple means.
  • the method is used to operate a heating device, in particular to ensure reliable flame detection in the burner of the heating device, in particular in a hydrogen-powered heater.
  • the method can also be used to control the combustion process, in particular to control the proportions of fuel gas and combustion air of the mass flow of combustion mixture to be supplied to the burner of the heater.
  • the heating device is in particular a gas heating device which is designed to burn a gaseous fuel, such as natural gas or in particular hydrogen, with the supply of ambient air in order to generate heat which can be provided, for example, to a heating circuit or a hot water supply.
  • the heating device generally has at least one burner and a conveying device which conveys a mixture of (preferably gaseous) fuel and combustion air through a mixture channel of the heating device to the burner. Exhaust gases resulting from the combustion can then be fed to an exhaust system through an exhaust pipe of the heating device.
  • a threshold power is understood here to be a predetermined value of the heater's power, which can be defined as a limit value and stored in the system, for example.
  • the threshold power of the heater can be determined in particular by the fact that above the threshold power the flame of the heater (particularly when burning hydrogen) releases a predetermined amount of free charge carriers, so that flame detection based on detection of the ionization current is reliably possible.
  • the threshold power of the heater can be (indirectly) specified by one or more operating parameters of the heater, which allow a conclusion to be drawn about the implemented power of the heater.
  • Suitable operating parameters can be, for example, a (consumed) power and/or a speed of the conveying device (e.g. a fan) that supplies a mixture of fuel and combustion air to the burner of the heater.
  • a suitable operating parameter can (also) be a volume flow or mass flow of combustion air or of fuel or of the mixture of fuel and combustion air.
  • a value for the threshold power of the heater can be stored in a memory device of the heater, in particular in a control and regulating device of the heater.
  • At least one temperature of the heater flame is recorded for flame monitoring.
  • a signal from at least one temperature sensor arranged in or in the immediate vicinity of the heater flame can be recorded.
  • any temperature sensor can be used to measure the temperature of the heater's flame.
  • a resistance-based temperature sensor such as a thermistor or PTC thermistor, a platinum or silicon measuring resistor, or even a semiconductor temperature sensor can be used.
  • the threshold power of the heater represents a limit that determines the change of a decisive parameter for the decision on flame detection.
  • the concrete value of the threshold power itself can be assigned to one or the other method. It is also possible that, depending on the course of the power from the high-power range to the low-power range across the threshold power or vice versa, different predetermined values or predetermined tolerance ranges are provided according to which the change is carried out. It is possible that the ionization current and the temperature are measured or even monitored in one or both ranges, but then one of the two values is to be regarded as "leading" or "decision-relevant" for the evaluation of the flame situation.
  • the temperature sensor can be an ignition device, in particular a hot surface igniter of the heater.
  • an ignition device in particular a hot surface igniter of the heater.
  • a power change rate of the heater when the heater is operated below the threshold power, can be set in such a way that a change in the heater's power (for example due to a lower heat requirement) can be distinguished from the flame going out based on the detected temperature.
  • the power change rate is often reduced for this purpose, with a reduced power change rate being set particularly when approaching an operating point with a lower heater power, because an increase in power and an associated increase in the detected temperature of the flame cannot be confused with a loss of flame.
  • a thermal mass of a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature for flame detection below the threshold power can be compensated in an advantageous manner, which can lead to a delayed reaction of the temperature signal of the sensor.
  • a suitable rate of change in power can be stored in a data storage device of a control device which is set up to support or even carry out a method presented here.
  • a reduced rate of change in power can result in a new operating point of the heater, for example based on a lower heat requirement, being approached at a lower speed, thus making it impossible to operate the A heater with reduced performance can be clearly distinguished from a loss of flame by means of a temperature measured in or in the immediate vicinity of the flame.
  • an electrode for measuring the ionization current can be an ignition device (ignition electrode) of the heater.
  • ignition electrode ignition electrode
  • the complexity of a heater is not increased in this way, and no additional components are necessary to carry out a method proposed here.
  • a computer program is also proposed which is designed to (at least partially) carry out a method presented here.
  • this relates in particular to a computer program (product) comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out a method proposed here.
  • a machine-readable storage medium is also proposed on which the computer program is stored.
  • the machine-readable storage medium is usually a computer-readable data storage device.
  • a control device for a heating device is also proposed, set up to carry out a method proposed here.
  • the control device can for example have a processor for this purpose and/or have this.
  • the processor can for example carry out the method stored in a (data) memory (of the control device).
  • Data such as a threshold power, for example, can also be stored in the memory of the control device in an advantageous manner for carrying out a method presented here.
  • a heating device having a control and regulating device as proposed here.
  • the heating device is in particular a gas heating device, in particular a hydrogen-operated gas heating device.
  • the gas heating device can have a burner and a conveying device with which a mixture of combustion gas (hydrogen) and combustion air can be supplied to the burner.
  • the use of either a detected ionization current or a detected temperature of a flame of a heater is proposed for flame detection in a heater depending on its current output or for operating a heater.
  • the ionization current can be determined by an electrode arranged in the area of the flame, in particular an ignition electrode of the heater.
  • the detected ionization current and the detected temperature are used in particular for flame monitoring during operation of the heater.
  • the method, the heater and the use at least contribute to enabling reliable flame detection even in a hydrogen-powered heater across the entire performance spectrum. In this way, problems with flame detection based on detecting the UV radiation emitted by the flame, for example due to soiling (sooting) of the UV sensor, can be advantageously avoided.
  • the invention can be implemented very easily and in particular without structural changes to a heating device.
  • the invention when detecting the Ionization current of the heater above the threshold power via an ignition device of the heater, only very small or no structural changes to a heater are necessary in order to carry out a method proposed here.
  • Fig.1 shows an example and schematically a burner 2 of a heating device 1 proposed here.
  • the burner 2 can generate a flame 3.
  • An ionization electrode 5 is arranged in the area of the flame 3.
  • a temperature sensor 4 is also arranged in the area of the flame 3 or in the immediate vicinity of the flame 3 to detect a temperature of the flame 3.
  • Both the ionization electrode 5 and the temperature sensor 4 can be connected to a control and control unit 8 of the heater 1, on which a method proposed here is carried out.
  • a mixture of combustion gas and combustion air can be supplied to the burner 2 of the heater 1 via a mixture channel 14 and a conveyor device 13.
  • the conveyor device 13 can also be electrically connected to the regulating and control unit 8.
  • a power threshold value 9 can be stored in a memory of the control device 8.
  • the power threshold value 9 can be specified, for example, as a defined speed of the conveyor device 13.
  • the regulating and control device 8 can carry out flame detection based on a temperature detected by means of the temperature sensor 4 when the power of the heater is below (less than) the power threshold value 9 (i.e. a speed of the conveyor device 13 is below a threshold speed).
  • the regulating and control device 8 can carry out flame detection based on an ionization current determined by means of the ionization electrode 5.
  • Fig.2 shows an example and schematically a parameter curve that can occur when carrying out a procedure presented here.
  • the abscissa of the Figure 2 The diagram shown shows the time course t.
  • the ordinate of the diagram in Figure 2 represents the current performance of the heater 1, for example represented by the speed of the conveyor 13.
  • the threshold power 9 divides a power range of ionization current-based flame detection 6 from a power range of temperature-based flame detection 7.
  • the heater is operated at nominal power 10, whereby the nominal power 10 is above the threshold power 9 and thus the heater works with ionization current-based flame detection.
  • the power P of the heater 1 should be reduced.
  • the power P of the heater 1 is reduced from the nominal power 10 to the threshold power 9 with a power change rate 11.
  • the power P of the heater 1 is reduced with a lower power change rate 12. The (intended) reduction in the power P of the heater 1 can thus be advantageously distinguished from a loss of flame based on the temperature determined by means of the temperature sensor 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage (1), dans lequel à une puissance de l'appareil de chauffage (1)
    - en dessous d'une puissance seuil (9) une détection de flamme s'effectue sur la base d'un courant d'ionisation détecté de la flamme (3), et
    - à partir de la puissance seuil (9) une détection de flamme s'effectue sur la base d'une température de la flamme (3) de l'appareil de chauffage (1).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'appareil de chauffage (1) fonctionne avec de l'hydrogène comme combustible.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel en dessous de la puissance seuil (9) une vitesse de variation de puissance (12) de l'appareil de chauffage (1) est réglée, de telle sorte que l'extinction de la flamme (3) est identifiable par une diminution de puissance de l'appareil de chauffage (1) lors d'une variation des températures détectées.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au-dessus de la puissance seuil (9), un courant d'ionisation est détecté au moyen d'un dispositif d'allumage de l'appareil de chauffage (1).
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au-dessus de la puissance seuil (9), un courant d'ionisation suffisant peut être détecté pour la détection de flamme.
  6. Programme informatique qui est conçu pour la réalisation d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  7. Support de stockage lisible par machine, sur lequel le programme informatique est stocké selon la revendication 6.
  8. Appareil de régulation et de commande (8) pour un appareil de chauffage (1), conçu pour la réalisation d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5.
  9. Appareil de chauffage (1) présentant un appareil de régulation et de commande (8) selon la revendication 8.
  10. Utilisation au choix d'un courant d'ionisation détecté d'une flamme (3) ou d'une température détectée d'une flamme (3) pour la détection de flamme pour un appareil de chauffage (1) en fonction de sa puissance actuelle.
EP22201484.7A 2021-11-02 2022-10-14 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de commande, appareil de chauffage et utilisation d'un courant d'ionisation détecté et d'une température détectée Active EP4174376B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021128472.4A DE102021128472A1 (de) 2021-11-02 2021-11-02 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizgerätes, Computerprogramm, Speichermedium, Regel- und Steuergerät, Heizgerät und Verwendung eines erfassten Ionisationsstromes und einer erfassten Temperatur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4174376A1 EP4174376A1 (fr) 2023-05-03
EP4174376B1 true EP4174376B1 (fr) 2024-04-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22201484.7A Active EP4174376B1 (fr) 2021-11-02 2022-10-14 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de commande, appareil de chauffage et utilisation d'un courant d'ionisation détecté et d'une température détectée

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP4174376B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021128472A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1380198A (fr) * 1964-01-21 1964-11-27 Hans Maile Fabrik Fuer Gasbren Dispositif pour contrôler la flamme des brûleurs à gaz
DE1946588B2 (de) * 1969-09-15 1971-01-07 Mayer & Wonisch Elektrische Zuendsicherung fuer gasbeheizte Haushaltsgeraete od.dgl.
DE10045270C2 (de) 2000-08-31 2002-11-21 Heatec Thermotechnik Gmbh Feuerungseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Regeln derselben
DE102017118095A1 (de) 2017-08-09 2019-02-14 Vaillant Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Zündung und Flammenerkennung für einen brenngasbetriebenen Brenner
DE102020104210A1 (de) 2020-02-18 2021-08-19 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung eines Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches in einem Heizgerät bei variabler Leistung

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DE102021128472A1 (de) 2023-05-04
EP4174376A1 (fr) 2023-05-03

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