EP4344899A2 - Elément de revêtement de mur ou de sol - Google Patents

Elément de revêtement de mur ou de sol Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4344899A2
EP4344899A2 EP24157930.9A EP24157930A EP4344899A2 EP 4344899 A2 EP4344899 A2 EP 4344899A2 EP 24157930 A EP24157930 A EP 24157930A EP 4344899 A2 EP4344899 A2 EP 4344899A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
carrier plate
covering element
element according
covering
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24157930.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4344899A3 (fr
Inventor
Edwin Lingg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Li & Co AG
Original Assignee
Li & Co AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Li & Co AG filed Critical Li & Co AG
Priority to EP25223684.9A priority Critical patent/EP4691794A2/fr
Publication of EP4344899A2 publication Critical patent/EP4344899A2/fr
Publication of EP4344899A3 publication Critical patent/EP4344899A3/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/24—Pressing or stamping ornamental designs on surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/04—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like
    • E04B9/045—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like being laminated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0871—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having an ornamental or specially shaped visible surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0889—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections
    • E04F13/0894—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections with tongue and groove connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/16—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of fibres or chips, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins, or with an outer layer of fibres or chips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02005—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02038—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/102—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials of fibrous or chipped materials, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/181—Insulating layers integrally formed with the flooring or the flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/20—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors for sound insulation
    • E04F15/206—Layered panels for sound insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/03—Undercut connections, e.g. using undercut tongues or grooves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
    • E04F2290/041—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire against noise
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
    • E04F2290/045—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire against fire

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a covering element for ceilings, walls or floors for indoor use, as well as for outdoor use.
  • Wall or floor covering elements are known, particularly for indoor use, which consist of a wood-containing carrier board or plastic, particularly HDF, onto which a covering layer is applied, whereby the side edges of the floor covering element on the opposite sides have either projections or recesses which interlock when the covering elements are arranged next to each other, in order to enable the covering elements to be laid more easily to form a continuous covering.
  • a connection is also often called a click connection because it enables even inexperienced workers to lay a covering made up of several elements without any joints.
  • the carrier plate is designed as a mineral carrier plate, ie it contains at least one mineral which is pressed together to form a plate using a polymeric adhesive agent, for example.
  • the pressing can be carried out cold or possibly under Thermal effects can occur.
  • Particles, particularly polymer fibers or natural fibers, can serve as adhesion materials and stabilizers, which then lead to good bonding (solidification) of the mineral particles, particularly when they are fibrous, particularly under the influence of temperature and pressure.
  • the carrier plate is designed as a, preferably flat, mineral carrier plate based on cement or with a cement content of between 25 and 85 percent by volume, preferably between 35 and 50 percent by volume.
  • the carrier plate is preferably designed as a cement fiber board.
  • Such a carrier plate also includes a reinforcement made of fibers, for example between 1 and 40 percent by volume of reinforcing fibers, preferably between 2 and 20 percent by volume. Reinforcement fibers are preferably glass fibers and/or plastic fibers, as well as polyvinyl or polyethylene-based fibers.
  • the cement fiber board may further contain fibers that are needed to produce the board and that provide no, or almost no, reinforcement or reinforcing of the board.
  • the proportion of these so-called process fibers is preferably between 1 and 40 percent by volume, preferably between 2 and 20 percent by volume.
  • the plates of this preferred embodiment are manufactured based on the so-called Hatschek process, for example based on a process such as that in US 4,428,775 described procedure.
  • the presence of fibers, reinforcing fibers and/or process fibers in the mineral support panels used according to several preferred embodiments of the invention has important advantages.
  • the reinforcing fibers provide appropriate locking strength to the recesses and projections.
  • the process fibers ensure suitable adhesion with any type of decorative layer that is at least partially applied in liquid form, so that the risk of delamination between the decorative layer and the carrier board can be reduced.
  • this covering element according to the invention is that it is both insensitive to thermal stress and insensitive to moisture.
  • the mineral carrier plate has a thickness of between 2 and 30 mm, in particular 2 to 20 mm, preferably 3 to 15 mm, depending on whether the covering element is used as a wall covering, ceiling covering or floor covering or where the floor covering is arranged, e.g. a private household or in a factory hall or self-supporting or fully supported.
  • the carrier plate preferably consists of mineral elements pressed with plastic or natural fibers, the plastic fibers preferably having a volume fraction of 1-40%.
  • a carrier plate has proven to be very water-resistant as well as thermally resistant and, above all, mechanically stable.
  • such a carrier plate can easily be provided with a decorative layer on its surface.
  • the carrier plate has an insulating layer on its back, in particular an elastomer layer, preferably a foamed polymer, in particular elastomer, or a natural product based on cork or wood, in order to provide impact sound insulation and/or thermal insulation to the substrate or .to provide to the wall.
  • an insulating layer on its back, in particular an elastomer layer, preferably a foamed polymer, in particular elastomer, or a natural product based on cork or wood, in order to provide impact sound insulation and/or thermal insulation to the substrate or .to provide to the wall.
  • an insulating layer also serves as a counterweight so that the panel does not deform when coated on one side.
  • the covering element of the invention preferably contains a barrier layer on the back of the carrier plate to prevent the penetration of moisture and/or vapors from below.
  • a barrier layer can, for example, consist of a liquid applied layer of material or of a prefabricated layer glued to the back consist.
  • the aforementioned insulating layer can also function as a barrier layer. Blocking moisture and/or vapors is advantageous in order to reduce or completely avoid any tendency of the covering element to bulge. Such bulges or tendencies to bulge lead to tensions in the covering, and especially in the area of the interlocking recesses and projections. These tensions can lead to defects.
  • the decorative layer consists of a base layer containing color pigments applied to the carrier plate, on which a digital printing layer containing color pigments is arranged at least partially, on which base or digital printing layer at least one polymer-containing transparent cover layer is arranged, which preferably has a structured surface.
  • the base layer can also be transparent, i.e. free of color pigments, or comprise one or more transparent layers.
  • a decorative layer based on digital printing offers a very high degree of individualization due to the digital printing. For example, different materials such as wood or leather or stones or fantasy designs can be imitated.
  • the impression created by the digital printing is underlined by the structured surface, so that any structures can be easily simulated with the covering element according to the invention, such as wood structures, stone structures and the like.
  • the top layer preferably contains polyurethane or acrylic, which is very suitable as an abrasion-resistant top layer and also has the necessary transparency to allow the base layer and/or the digital printing layer to shine through.
  • the top layer preferably contains particles such as corundum (aluminum oxide) or silicon carbide. These particles provide increased abrasion resistance.
  • the top layer contains an electron beam-curing polymer or a UV-curing polymer, for example acrylic-based, with the top layer after Application to the digital print layer or base layer can be deformed, for example by a structured roller.
  • the surface structure of the covering element can be modeled using a structure simulated by digital printing, whereby the virtual structure, such as a wooden or stone surface, is reproduced very realistically.
  • the cover layer consists of a mixed layer of a polymer matrix material with binding properties and a filler material, which mixed layer is preferably applied to the carrier plate in a liquid state or in solid form, such as plates or rolls.
  • the liquid application means that the mixed layer bonds very well to the mineral-containing carrier plate and by selecting the appropriate filler material, such as leather particles, wood or cork particles, the mixed layer can also be used to reproduce a desired structure very well.
  • This embodiment therefore represents a cost-effective alternative to digital printing.
  • the surface of the mixed layer is preferably structured, which can be achieved, for example, by treatment with an embossing roller, in particular as long as the mixed layer has not yet hardened after application, in particular at an elevated temperature between 40 and 100 degrees Celsius.
  • the decorative layer comprises a film, either printed or not, or the decorative layer consists of such a film.
  • the film can be based on paper or plastic as well as on PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PP (polypropylene), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), polyolefin and the like.
  • the film is preferably glued to the carrier plate.
  • a liquid glue application is preferably carried out on the carrier plate. This glue application preferably achieves at least partial penetration into the carrier plate.
  • the recesses and projections of the carrier plate forming a tongue/groove connection can be introduced into the carrier plate before the decorative layer is applied or after the decorative layer is applied. This is possible in particular because the recesses and projections are arranged solely in the carrier plate and not in the decorative layer.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a wall or floor covering element, in which a mineral carrier plate, that is to say having at least one mineral material, is coated with a decorative layer, with recesses being made on opposite side edges of the carrier plate by milling before or after the decorative layer is applied Projections are created which form a tongue/groove connection and which engage in a form-fitting manner when the covering elements are located next to one another.
  • the tongue and/or groove is realized by means of a milling process with at least two successive milling passes by means of milling, which are positioned at different angles in relation to the covering element in question. For example, during each of the aforementioned milling steps each Mainly the final shape of a flank, either the tongue or the groove, is to be realized.
  • the carrier plate is coated with a base layer or primer, which preferably contains a polymer material containing color pigments.
  • a base layer or primer which preferably contains a polymer material containing color pigments.
  • at least one digital printing layer containing color pigments is applied to the base layer, to which, after drying or curing, at least one polymer-containing transparent cover layer, e.g. polyurethane or acrylic, is applied, the application taking place at a temperature higher than room temperature, in particular in a temperature range of 40-100°C, in particular in a temperature range of 60-100°C.
  • Color pigments generally refer to white and black pigments in addition to colored ones.
  • a surface structure is then applied to the top layer, preferably at an elevated temperature, in particular at 40-100°C, preferably by embossing with at least one structured embossing roller.
  • the covering element can very effectively create a desired surface impression, e.g. the impression of a wooden surface or stone surface.
  • a decorative layer in particular liquid, is applied to the carrier plate, which is formed by a mixed layer of a curable polymer and a filler material.
  • the filling material can be rock grains, sand, rock dust, wood fibers, wood flour or leather fibers or leather powder. This means that a desired surface effect can be achieved within certain limits using this process, which is much simpler than the digital printing process.
  • the mixed layer is cured, for example chemically, thermally or optically (UV). Linoleum and/or plastic fibers and/or rock particles can also be introduced into the mixed layer.
  • the mixed layer is structured on its surface at an elevated temperature, in particular at 40-100°C, in particular by an embossing roller, so that the optical impression created by the mixed layer can be underlined by the surface structure.
  • the mixed layer is cured to a modulus of elasticity of 0.05-0.5 GPa.
  • the cured mixed layer therefore has an elasticity in the rubber range, which can easily imitate leather or rubber surfaces, for example.
  • the mixed layer can be cured thermally using UV or chemically.
  • the cover layer is preferably applied as a hot coating using a hot embossing roller.
  • the transparent cover layer can be a single layer or can contain several layers stacked one on top of the other.
  • this cover layer is formed by at least one layer of a UV-curing varnish.
  • the transparent top layer contains abrasion-resistant particles, such as corundum (aluminum oxide). These hard particles can be introduced into the top layer by means of scattering or can be mixed into the actual material of the top layer and applied together with it. It is possible that the top layer is applied in several layers and that only some of these layers contain the aforementioned particles.
  • abrasion-resistant particles such as corundum (aluminum oxide).
  • the advantage of the covering element according to the invention is that it is waterproof, absolutely dimensionally stable and non-flammable, and hardly produces any smoke. It therefore solves all the problems that occurred with conventional wood fibre boards, namely sensitivity to moisture and easy flammability, as well as the problems that occurred with Plastic panels have the following disadvantages: lack of dimensional stability in the event of temperature fluctuations and flammability, or the formation of strong smoke and fumes.
  • the mineral carrier plate is also easy to mill, so that the required recesses and projections for the formation of the tongue and groove connections can be easily milled.
  • the covering element is suitable as a floor covering, wall covering, ceiling covering or as a facade panel in outdoor areas.
  • the mineral carrier panel preferably contains at least one mineral known per se, such as ceramic, glass, stone, gypsum, cement, in particular in the form of powder, particles or fibers.
  • the mineral particles or fibers are bonded together by a binder, in particular by an adhesion matrix material, in particular natural or synthetic fibers, preferably after thermal pressing or after cold pressing.
  • a covering element according to the invention is generally rectangular or square, wherein the recesses and projections on all four side edges are formed in such a way that the recesses, or for example grooves, are preferably arranged on two side edges lying next to one another and the projections, or for example springs, are arranged on the other two side edges lying next to one another.
  • the mineral carrier board can of course be multi-layered. This is particularly the case when the mineral carrier board is a cement fiber board.
  • a carrier plate can be produced using the Hatschek process.
  • a backing board is constructed from several sheets of cement fiber material laminated together, for example with the cement fiber board composition described above.
  • a single sheet has a thickness between 0.3 and 1.5 millimeters, and preferably between 0.5 and 1 millimeters.
  • 4 to 20 such sheets must be laminated together, for example ten layers of approximately 0.6 millimeters thick.
  • Multi-layer cement fiber boards or other mineral carrier boards can also be produced using a different process.
  • the mineral carrier board can be multi-layered and preferably have 4 to 20 layers.
  • Today's invention is used in particular for covering elements based on such carrier plates.
  • Such carrier plates can have the disadvantage that the bond strength between the different layers is significantly lower than the bond strength internally in each layer. This disadvantage leads to the mineral carrier board splitting more easily between the individual layers, for example when processing the side edges. Such processing can occur, for example, when creating the recesses and projections with milling tools. There is also a risk of splitting when recesses and projections interlock.
  • at least part of the decorative layer of these covering elements is applied in liquid form. With a liquid application, some penetration and reinforcement of the top layer or layers of the carrier plate can be achieved.
  • Penetration and reinforcement of the top layer is advantageous at the side edge which has the recess.
  • the recess disturbs the balance or equilibrium of the layers, and possibly the layers that limit the recess upwards can deform or bend upwards. Even when recesses and projections interlock, forces can arise on these layers that have a similar effect.
  • At least partial penetration of the liquid material into the decorative layer can at least counteract this effect.
  • the liquid applied material penetrates at least so deeply into the carrier plate that the material at least partially penetrates the top layer and also at least partially penetrates into the adjacent layer underneath.
  • improved lamination strength between the two top layers is also achieved. In this case, the risk of tearing between the top layers, or splitting, is reduced, for example when forming the recesses and projections with milling tools or with other cutting tools, or when interlocking recesses and projections.
  • the covering element of the invention preferably has at least one surface penetration of the material of the decorative layer into the carrier plate. It is also clear that this concerns the material of the lower layer or layers of the decorative layer. Such penetration is interesting both in multi-layer panels, as mentioned above, and in single-layer panels. In both cases, improved adhesion of the decorative layer to the carrier board is achieved. Furthermore, a potentially brittle decorative layer, for example in the case of digital printing, solidifies through this anchoring in the carrier plate. Adhesion is further improved for carrier boards that partly contain fibers, such as process fibers, made of cellulose or another, preferably absorbent, material. In order to further improve penetration, the carrier plate preferably has a porosity of more than 10 percent by volume, preferably between 15 and 40 percent by volume.
  • the polymer matrix material can penetrate into the carrier plate.
  • penetration of at least 0.1 millimeters depth is achieved, preferably on the entire surface or on at least 50 percent of the surface.
  • the penetration depth achieved is preferably greater than 15 percent of the thickness of a layer of the carrier plate, in cases where a multi-layer carrier plate is used.
  • one or more layers of matrix material can first be applied in liquid form to the carrier plate. These layers preferably contain less or no filler material compared to further layers of the decorative layer.
  • layers of the pure matrix material are applied first until a closed layer is formed on the surface of the carrier plate to be decorated.
  • One or more mixed layers can then be applied and/or the filler material can be applied separately, for example by sprinkling.
  • the glue is preferably applied in liquid form and thus penetrates at least partially into the carrier plate. Penetration is preferably achieved to a depth of at least 0.1 millimeters, preferably over the entire surface or at least 50 percent of the surface. The penetration depth achieved is preferably greater than 15 percent of the thickness of a layer of the carrier plate, in cases in which a multi-layer carrier plate is used. Preferably, a closed layer is formed on the surface of the carrier plate to be decorated using the glue application.
  • base coat - primer mineral carrier plate - a carrier plate having at least one mineral material
  • Covering element - covering plate The following expressions are used synonymously: base coat - primer; mineral carrier plate - a carrier plate having at least one mineral material; Covering element - covering plate.
  • the invention also relates to a covering composed of several covering elements which engage with one another via recesses and projections formed on the side edges.
  • Fig. 1 shows a plate-shaped covering element 10, which can be assembled flat with other covering elements 10 to form a floor covering, ceiling covering and/or wall covering, even outdoors.
  • the covering element 10 contains a mineral-containing carrier plate 12, which has either projections 14 or recesses 16 on its side edges 17, 19 facing away from one another, which represent tongue and groove connections that fit into one another when the covering elements are lying next to one another. With covering elements 10 lying next to one another, the projections 14 of one covering element 10 engage in the recess 16 of the adjacent covering element 10.
  • An insulating layer 18 can optionally be arranged on the underside of the carrier plate 12 for impact sound insulation and/or thermal insulation. This layer is preferably applied directly to the carrier plate 12 or glued to it.
  • a base layer 20 which has color pigments in order to give the front or top side of the carrier plate 12 a desired base color.
  • This base layer is preferably optional because, in principle, with an appropriate choice of the material of the carrier plate 12, the color of the carrier plate can be suitable as a basis for a subsequent digital printing process.
  • a digital printing layer 22 is applied to the base layer 20 in the digital printing process, whereby this digital printing layer 22 cannot be applied over the entire surface, but only in the areas to be printed.
  • At least one cover layer 24 is applied to the digital printing layer or base layer 20, which consists in particular of a UV-curing polyurethane or acrylic.
  • a structure 26 is applied to this cover layer 24 by means of an embossing roller, in particular in the hot coating process, which preferably reinforces the impression created by the digital printing layer 22.
  • a covering panel is created that very well reflects the impression of a desired material, e.g. a layer of wood, a layer of leather, a layer of stone or a layer of cork.
  • the cover layer 24 can also be formed by several layers of a particularly UV-curing polymer.
  • the application of the cover layer 24 and its profiling are preferably applied using the hot coating process using a hot roller.
  • the hot coating process itself is known.
  • Fig.2 shows an alternative embodiment of a covering element, whereby identical or functionally equivalent parts are Fig.1 are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the floor covering element 30 made of Fig.2 also has a carrier plate 12 which is mineral-containing and has projections 14 and recesses 16 on each other facing away from the side edges 17, 19.
  • the projections and recesses of this tongue and groove system are only shown schematically. In practice, the projections 14 and recesses 16 are manufactured as shown in the EP0843763 which is hereby made the subject of this application.
  • a covering element according to the invention is generally rectangular, in particular square, and that the recesses and projections are formed on four sides, with the recesses 16 preferably being arranged on two adjacent sides and the projections 14 on the other two adjacent sides.
  • the mineral carrier plate 12 optionally has an insulating layer 18, as already Fig.1 This insulation layer is optional and only required if impact sound insulation and/or thermal insulation is required. In addition, this insulation layer can also be used as a compensating counter-layer if required.
  • the carrier plate 12 On its upper side, the carrier plate 12 has a mixed layer 32 made of a polymer and a filler. Suitable fillers include leather, cork, wood, stone, mineral powder, sand, and these materials can be provided either as particles or as fibers in the polymer matrix of the mixed layer.
  • the mixed layer is preferably an elastomer layer that hardens to a modulus of elasticity of 0.05-0.5 GPa, giving it a rubber-like elasticity. In this way, a cork, wood, or leather impression can be emphasized very well, for example.
  • Such a covering element is very suitable as a wall covering element.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
EP24157930.9A 2016-03-23 2017-03-22 Elément de revêtement de mur ou de sol Pending EP4344899A3 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP25223684.9A EP4691794A2 (fr) 2016-03-23 2017-03-22 Elément de revêtement de mur ou de sol

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16161925.9A EP3222795B1 (fr) 2016-03-23 2016-03-23 Élement de revetement mural ou de sol
EP17712851.9A EP3433447B1 (fr) 2016-03-23 2017-03-22 Élément de revêtement de sol ou de mur
PCT/IB2017/051651 WO2017163193A1 (fr) 2016-03-23 2017-03-22 Élément de revêtement de sol ou de mur

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EP17712851.9A Division-Into EP3433447B1 (fr) 2016-03-23 2017-03-22 Élément de revêtement de sol ou de mur

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EP4344899A2 true EP4344899A2 (fr) 2024-04-03
EP4344899A3 EP4344899A3 (fr) 2024-07-31

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EP16161925.9A Active EP3222795B1 (fr) 2016-03-23 2016-03-23 Élement de revetement mural ou de sol
EP24157930.9A Pending EP4344899A3 (fr) 2016-03-23 2017-03-22 Elément de revêtement de mur ou de sol
EP17712851.9A Active EP3433447B1 (fr) 2016-03-23 2017-03-22 Élément de revêtement de sol ou de mur
EP25223684.9A Pending EP4691794A2 (fr) 2016-03-23 2017-03-22 Elément de revêtement de mur ou de sol

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EP25223684.9A Pending EP4691794A2 (fr) 2016-03-23 2017-03-22 Elément de revêtement de mur ou de sol

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US (5) US10883276B2 (fr)
EP (4) EP3222795B1 (fr)
CN (2) CN108779646A (fr)
ES (2) ES2927610T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE068101T2 (fr)
PL (2) PL3222795T3 (fr)
RU (2) RU2763569C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017163193A1 (fr)

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US11781321B2 (en) 2023-10-10
HUE068101T2 (hu) 2024-12-28
ES2984740T3 (es) 2024-10-30
RU2018137041A (ru) 2020-04-23
RU2020140215A (ru) 2021-01-25
US10883276B2 (en) 2021-01-05
US20250034880A1 (en) 2025-01-30
EP3433447A1 (fr) 2019-01-30
EP4691794A2 (fr) 2026-02-11
PL3222795T3 (pl) 2023-01-02
ES2927610T3 (es) 2022-11-08
EP4344899A3 (fr) 2024-07-31
PL3433447T3 (pl) 2024-10-21
WO2017163193A1 (fr) 2017-09-28
US20190085566A1 (en) 2019-03-21
RU2020140215A3 (fr) 2021-11-08
EP3433447B1 (fr) 2024-05-22
US11454035B2 (en) 2022-09-27
US12281480B2 (en) 2025-04-22
CN108779646A (zh) 2018-11-09
US20210115674A1 (en) 2021-04-22
RU2738436C2 (ru) 2020-12-14
US20220403665A1 (en) 2022-12-22
EP3222795B1 (fr) 2022-07-27
RU2018137041A3 (fr) 2020-05-25
EP3222795A1 (fr) 2017-09-27
RU2763569C2 (ru) 2021-12-30
US20230407645A1 (en) 2023-12-21
BR112018068733A2 (pt) 2019-01-22
CN118564001A (zh) 2024-08-30
CA3016294A1 (fr) 2017-09-28

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