EP4519391A1 - Procede de production de paraffines par hydrotraitement de charges provenant de dechets plastiques - Google Patents
Procede de production de paraffines par hydrotraitement de charges provenant de dechets plastiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4519391A1 EP4519391A1 EP23726297.7A EP23726297A EP4519391A1 EP 4519391 A1 EP4519391 A1 EP 4519391A1 EP 23726297 A EP23726297 A EP 23726297A EP 4519391 A1 EP4519391 A1 EP 4519391A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paraffins
- olefins
- composition
- effluent
- solid product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/22—Separation of effluents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/0004—Crystallisation cooling by heat exchange
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
- C10G31/09—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
- C10G31/10—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for with the aid of centrifugal force
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/32—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4006—Temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4012—Pressure
Definitions
- TITLE PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PARAFFINS BY HYDROTREATMENT OF FEEDS FROM PLASTIC WASTE
- the present invention relates to a process for producing paraffins, and in particular waxes, by hydrotreatment, in particular from fillers originating from plastic waste.
- Paraffins particularly waxes, are most often obtained by refining hydrocarbons of fossil origin.
- Waxes are notably mixtures of linear or branched paraffins (n- and iso-alkanes) whose carbon chain generally contains more than 18 carbon atoms, and potentially up to more than 100 carbon atoms.
- the melting points of paraffins increase with carbon number. For C18+ paraffins, this melting point (measured according to ASTM D87:2009) is generally greater than 25°C, and is typically greater than 70°C for paraffins used as waxes.
- Waxes are mainly used, pure or in mixtures with additives, for the coating of paper, cardboard, containers, metals, etc. (waterproofing or protection), for thermal insulation, for the manufacture of candles (point of flash between 200°C and 250°C), in mixtures with chemicals, for the manufacture of chlorinated paraffins, for the waterproofing of fabrics, for the waterproofing of particle boards, etc.
- plastic waste liquefaction oils require them to be pretreated before injecting them into a conventional refining circuit.
- pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction of plastic waste is typically followed by purification including hydrotreatment and removal of contaminants using various purification processes such as distillation.
- plastic waste liquefaction oils is difficult to predict due to the complexity of these oils.
- gas chromatography analysis of plastic waste pyrolysis oil can only identify 25 to 45% by weight of compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen.
- the composition of these oils varies greatly depending on the nature of the plastic waste treated.
- the invention aims to provide a process for producing paraffins, and in particular waxes, by hydrotreatment from a composition comprising a plastic liquefaction oil, said composition comprising paraffins, olefins, aromatics and heteroatoms, the process comprising:
- a step of separating a portion of the paraffins and olefins contained in said composition comprising at least one step of crystallization (i) of said composition by lowering the temperature from 10°C to 60°C from an initial temperature in which said composition is entirely liquid and obtaining a mixture comprising a solid product enriched in paraffins and depleted in olefins, aromatics and heteroatoms, and an effluent depleted in paraffins and enriched in olefins, aromatics and heteroatoms, followed by at least one separation step (ii) of said solid product and said effluent,
- step (b) a step of hydrotreating the solid product of step (a) during which the olefins contained in said solid product are hydrogenated and an effluent containing paraffins and at most 2% m/m of olefins is produced .
- This particular sequence of steps makes it possible to treat in a hydrotreatment reactor a solid resulting from a composition comprising a plastic liquefaction oil but having contents of olefins, aromatics and heteroatoms conforming to those required as input to a process. of a hydrotreatment reactor, regardless of the contaminant content of the composition.
- the composition treated by the process according to the invention may comprise at least 2% by mass of plastic liquefaction oil(s).
- the remainder can then be composed of at most 98% by mass of a diluent or solvent such as a hydrocarbon and/or one or more components such as: a biomass liquefaction oil such as Panicum virgatum, a tall oil, a used edible oil, an animal fat, a vegetable oil such as rapeseed, canola, castor, palm, soybean oil, an oil extracted from an algae, an oil extracted from a fermentation of oleaginous microorganisms such as oleaginous yeasts, a biomass liquefaction oil such as a lignocellulosic biomass such as a wood, paper and/or cardboard liquefaction oil, an oil obtained by pyrolysis of crushed used furniture, an elastomer liquefaction oil, for example possibly vulcanized latex or tires, as well as their mixtures.
- a biomass liquefaction oil such
- the composition may comprise at least 5% by mass, at least 10% by mass, at least 25% by mass, at least 50% by mass, at least 75% by mass, at least 90% by mass. mass or 100% by mass of plastic liquefaction oil(s).
- the mass content of plastic liquefaction oil(s) of the composition can be included in any interval defined by two of the limits previously set.
- the heteroatoms contained in the composition treated in the present invention may be oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, a metal and/or a halogen, in particular chlorine.
- the solid product from step (a) may contain from 45% m/m to 90% m/m of paraffins, preferably from 50% m/m to 90% m/m of paraffins, from 10 to 50% m/m of olefins, preferably 10 to 40%m/m of olefins, 0 to 2%m/m of aromatics, 2 to 15%m/m of naphthenes, and optionally at most 2% m/m of heteroatoms.
- step (a) can make it possible to eliminate at least 80% m/m of chlorine and/or at least 85% m/m of nitrogen and/or at least 50% m/m of sulfur and/or or at least 60% m/m of silicon relative to the respective quantities of chlorine, nitrogen, solder and silicon initially present in the composition used in the process according to the invention.
- the paraffins produced in step (b), more precisely the effluent from step (b) containing the paraffins, can contain from 0 to 2% m/m of olefins, preferably from 0 to 1% m/ mr.
- the total heteroatom content can be 0 to 1% m/m.
- the effluent produced in step (b) can contain 70%m/m or more of paraffins, preferably 80%m/m or more of paraffins, more preferably 90%m/m or more of paraffins, in particular 97%m/m or more of paraffins, preferably 98%m/m or more of paraffins.
- the effluent from step (b) can advantageously contain C18+ paraffins, for example C18-C100 paraffins, namely waxes.
- the paraffins produced in step (b), more precisely the effluent from step (b) containing the paraffins can also contain:
- said composition can be mixed with at least one solvent prior to at least one crystallization step (i).
- the solvent can advantageously be an organic solvent, for example chosen from an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, a ketone, an alcohol or mixtures thereof, preferably a ketone or an alcohol. Examples of usable solvents include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, iso-propanol.
- a solvent or a mixture of solvents which does not crystallize at the crystallization temperature of the paraffins to be separated, preferably a solvent or a mixture of solvents in the liquid state and miscible with the composition at the processing temperatures.
- a person skilled in the art will be able to determine the most appropriate solvent or mixture of solvents based on the temperatures used during step (a) by tests and/or simulations.
- a solvent or mixture of solvents will then be chosen. which remains liquid at these temperatures.
- the volume ratio of said composition to the solvent can be from 10/90v/v to 90/1 Ov/v, or from 20/80v/v to 80/20 v/v, preferably from 40/60v/v to 60/ 40v/v or from 45/55v/v to 55/45v/v, for example from 50/50 v/v, or in any interval defined by two of these ratios.
- Separation step (a) can be carried out in a single step or in two steps to improve the separation and recovery of paraffins. Separation step (a) can then include:
- (i-1) a first crystallization step by lowering the temperature of said composition from 10°C to 60°C from a first initial temperature at which said composition is entirely liquid and obtaining a first mixture comprising a first product solid enriched in paraffins and depleted in olefins, aromatics and heteroatoms, and a first effluent depleted in paraffins and enriched in olefins, aromatics and heteroatoms,
- (ii-1) a first step of separating said first solid product and said first effluent
- (i-2) a second crystallization step by lowering the temperature of said first effluent from 10°C to 60°C from a second initial temperature at which said first effluent is entirely liquid and obtaining a second mixture comprising a second solid product enriched in paraffins and depleted in olefins, aromatics and heteroatoms, and a second effluent depleted in paraffins and enriched in olefins, aromatics and heteroatoms.
- step (ii-2) a second step of separating said second solid product and said second effluent, and the first solid product and the second solid product are subjected to step (b) of hydrotreatment.
- a solvent or mixture of solvents is added to the composition, it is then added before the first crystallization step (i-1). Preferably, no solvent is added before the second crystallization step (i-2).
- the crystallization step (i) or each of the crystallization steps (i-1) and (i-2) is carried out from an initial temperature at which the composition (alone or mixed with a solvent), or the first effluent, is entirely liquid, up to a final temperature 10 to 60°C lower than the initial temperature.
- the initial temperature of step (i) or of each of the steps (i-1) and (i-2), can be easily determined by those skilled in the art by usual measurement methods.
- the initial temperature is typically higher (for example 5 to 10°C) than the crystallization temperature of the paraffins to be separated from the composition.
- This crystallization temperature can be determined by differential calorimetry measurements (P.CIaudy et al, Diesel fuels: determination of onset crystallization temperature, for point and filter plugging point by differential scanning calorimetry. Correlation with standard test methods. Fuel, 1986, vol 65, pp 861-4).
- Step (a) can advantageously be carried out under conditions capable of separating C18+ paraffins, for example C18-C100 paraffins, namely waxes.
- These conditions include the final temperature of step (i) or each of the steps (i-1) and (i-2) mentioned above, typically lower than the melting temperature of the paraffins of interest, and optionally the speed cooling and/or the quantity of solvent used.
- the conditions allowing separate the paraffins of interest can be easily determined by those skilled in the art by tests and/or simulations.
- separation step (ii), (ii-1) or (ii-2) can be carried out by at least one step chosen from filtration, decantation, centrifugation.
- This separation step (ii), (ii-1) or (ii-2) is typically carried out at a temperature less than or equal to the final temperature of step (i), (i-1) or (i-2). ) in order to recover the solid product.
- the solid product resulting from step (a), before being hydrotreated in step (b), can be washed, in one or more times, typically three times, with at least one solvent , preferably at a temperature less than or equal to the final temperature.
- This solvent is as defined previously.
- the same solvent or mixture of solvents can advantageously be used for this washing step.
- This washing step can advantageously be followed by a step of drying or evaporation of the washed solid product, making it possible to eliminate the residual solvent(s) before hydrotreatment (b).
- step (b) 98% m/m or more of the olefins can be hydrogenated, in particular by choosing suitable operating conditions.
- the effluent from step (b) can advantageously contain 70% m/m or more of C18+ paraffins, for example C18-C100 paraffins, namely waxes, preferably 80% m/m or more of these paraffins, more preferably 90%m/m or more of these paraffins, in particular 97%m/m or more of these paraffins, preferably 98%m/m or more of these paraffins.
- C18+ paraffins for example C18-C100 paraffins, namely waxes, preferably 80% m/m or more of these paraffins, more preferably 90%m/m or more of these paraffins, in particular 97%m/m or more of these paraffins, preferably 98%m/m or more of these paraffins.
- step (b) can be carried out in a single step or in two steps.
- the solid product(s) resulting from step (a) are hydrogenated at a temperature of 200 to 450°C, preferably from 200 to 340°C in the presence of hydrogen at a absolute pressure of 20 to 140 bars, preferably of 30 to 100 bars and in the presence of a hydrotreatment catalyst, for example a hydrogenation catalyst comprising NiMo (0.1 -60% by mass) and/or CoMo (0.1 - 60% by mass).
- step (b) can be carried out in a first step (b-1) in which the solid product(s) resulting from step (a) are hydrogenated at a temperature of 80 to 250° C, preferably from 130 to 190°C in the presence of hydrogen at an absolute pressure of 5 to 60 bars, preferably from 20 to 30 bars and in the presence of a first hydrotreatment catalyst, for example a hydrogenation catalyst comprising Pd (0.1 -10% by weight) and/or Ni (0.1 -60% by weight) and/or NiMo (0.1 -60% by weight), and in a second step (b-2) in which the effluent from step (b-1) is hydrogenated at a temperature of 200 to 450°C, preferably from 200 to 340°C in the presence of hydrogen at an absolute pressure of 20 to 140 bars, of preferably from 30 to 100 bars and in the presence of a second hydrotreatment catalyst, for example a hydrogenation catalyst comprising NiMo (0.1 -60% by weight) and/or CoMo (0.1-60% by weight
- the invention also relates to a process for recovering plastic waste comprising the following steps:
- (C) a step of treating at least part of the liquid phase by a process for producing paraffins according to the invention.
- the liquefaction step (A) may comprise a pyrolysis step typically carried out at a temperature of 300 to 1000°C or 400 to 700°C, this pyrolysis being for example fast pyrolysis, flash pyrolysis, or catalytic pyrolysis. or hydropyrolysis.
- the liquefaction step (A) may comprise a hydrothermal liquefaction step, typically carried out at a temperature of 250 to 500 °C and at pressures of 10 to 25-40 MPa.
- the waste treated in step (A) can be plastic waste possibly mixed with biomass, as previously described.
- Separation step (B) makes it possible to eliminate the gas phase, essentially the C1-C4 hydrocarbons and the solid phase (typically char) to recover only the liquid organic phase forming a liquefaction oil.
- This plastic liquefaction oil typically comprises 30 to 55% by mass of paraffins, 10 to 50% m/m of olefins, 5 to 12% m/m of aromatics. These contents can be determined by gas chromatography.
- a plastic liquefaction oil may include a Bromine index of 20 to 60 g Br/100g and/or a maleic anhydride index (UOP326-82) of 1 to 20 mg of maleic anhydride/1g.
- a plastic liquefaction oil may in particular comprise one or more of the following heteroatom contents: from 0 to 8% m/m of oxygen (measured according to the ASTM D5622 standard), from 1 to 13,000 ppm of nitrogen (measured according to the standard ASTM D4629), 2 to 10,000ppm of sulfur (measured according to standard ISO 20846), 1 to 10,000ppm of metals (measured by ICP), 50 to 6,000ppm of chlorine (measured according to standard ASTM D7359-18), 0 to 200ppm bromine (measured according to ASTM D7359-18), 1 to 40ppm fluorine (measured according to ASTM D7359-18), 1 to 2000 ppm silicon (measured by XRF).
- a plastic liquefaction oil may in particular comprise one or more of the following heteroatom contents: from 0 to 8% m/m of oxygen, from 250 to 3800 ppm of nitrogen, from 35 to 850 ppm of sulfur, from 34 to 900ppm of metals, 50 to 6000ppm of chlorine, 0 to 10ppm of bromine, 1.5 to 10ppm of fluorine.
- This liquid phase can then be subjected, in part (in particular a fraction thereof) or in totality, to the process for producing paraffins of the invention, alone or in mixture with other components as previously described to produce the paraffins of interest by hydrotreatment.
- a fraction of this liquid phase corresponding for example to a naphtha or diesel cut, may be subjected to the paraffin production process according to the invention, alone or mixed with other components as previously described.
- the composition treated in the present invention may contain at least 50% m/m of paraffins and olefins, in particular paraffins and olefins. in C5-C150, most often in C5-C100, preferably at least 55%m/m, 60%m/m or 65%m/m of paraffins and olefins, and/or at most 95%m /m, 90%m/m, 85%m/m or 80%m/m of paraffins and olefins.
- the content of paraffins and olefins, in particular C5-C150 paraffins and olefins, most often C5-C100, of the treated composition can be included in any range defined by two of these limits.
- % by weight and % by mass have an equivalent meaning and refer to the proportion of the mass of a product compared to 100g of a composition comprising it.
- plastic liquefaction oil or “oil resulting from the liquefaction of plastic” or “plastic waste liquefaction oil” or “liquefaction oil resulting from the liquefaction of waste containing plastics” refers to the liquid products obtained following pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction of thermoplastic, thermosetting or elastomeric polymers, alone or in mixture and generally in the form of waste, optionally in mixture with at least one other waste such as biomass, for example chosen from lignocellulosic biomass, paper and cardboard.
- the pyrolysis process must be understood as a thermal cracking process, carried out in the presence or absence of a catalyst (for example catalytic fast pyrolysis or not, etc.).
- the hydrothermal liquefaction process (or HTL for “Hydrothermal Liquefaction” in English) is a thermochemical conversion process using water as a solvent, reagent and catalyst for degradation reactions of plastics or biomass, water typically being in a subcritical or supercritical state.
- Plastic can be of any type, including any type of new or used plastic, included in household (post-consumer) or industrial waste.
- plastics we mean materials made of polymers and optionally auxiliary components such as plasticizers, fillers, dyes, catalysts, flame retardants, stabilizers, etc.
- these polymers may be halogenated polyethylene (Cl, F) or not, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene , poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polybutylene, poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride , a polyester, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a polyether, an epoxy polymer, a polyacetal, a polyimide, a polyesteramide, silicone etc.
- any polymer or mixture of polymers capable of producing paraffins by liquefaction can be used.
- plastic liquefaction oils contain paraffins, i-paraffins (isoparaffins), dienes, alkynes, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics.
- Plastic liquefaction oils also contain heteroatom-containing impurities, such as chlorinated, oxygenated, and/or silylated organic compounds, metals, salts, phosphorus compounds, sulfur, and nitrogen.
- composition of plastic liquefaction oil depends on the nature of the liquefied plastic and is essentially (in particular more than 80%m/m, most often more than 90%m/m) made up of hydrocarbons having 1 to 150 carbon atoms and impurities.
- Biomass can be defined as an organic plant or animal product. Biomass thus includes (i) biomass produced by surplus agricultural land, not used for human or animal food: dedicated crops, called energy crops; (ii) biomass produced by deforestation (forest maintenance) or cleaning of agricultural land; (iii) agricultural residues from cereal crops, vines, orchards, olive trees, fruits and vegetables, agri-food residues, etc.; (iv) forest residues from silviculture and wood processing; (v) agricultural residues from livestock (manure, slurry, litter, droppings, etc.); (vi) organic household waste (paper, cardboard, green waste, etc.); (vii) ordinary industrial organic waste (paper, cardboard, wood, putrescible waste, etc.).
- the liquefaction oil treated by the invention can come from the liquefaction of waste containing at least 1% m/m, optionally from 1 to 50% m/m, from 2 to 30% m/m or in an interval defined by any two of these limits, of one or more of the aforementioned biomasses, residues and organic waste, and the remainder consisting of plastic waste.
- composition of plastic liquefaction oil depends on the nature of the liquefied plastic and is essentially (in particular more than 80%m/m, most often more than 90%m/m) made up of hydrocarbons having 1 to 150 carbon atoms and impurities.
- MAV (acronym for “Maleic Anhydric Value” for “maleic anhydride index”) refers to the UOP326-82 method which is expressed in mg of maleic anhydride which reacts with 1 g of sample to be measured .
- Bromine Index is the number of milligrams of bromine that react with 100 g of sample and can be measured according to ASTM method D1159-07 (2017).
- the concentration of metals in hydrocarbon matrices can be determined by any known method. Acceptable methods include X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Specialists in analytical sciences know how to identify the most suitable method for measuring each metal and each heteroelement based on the hydrocarbon matrix considered.
- XRF X-ray fluorescence
- ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
- paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatic hydrocarbons can be determined by multidimensional gas chromatography, for example according to the method described in the document Duhamel, Journal of Chromatography A, 1387 (2015) 95-103, Comparison of cryogenic and differential flow modulator.
- the melting point of paraffins can be measured according to ASTM D87:2009.
- the oxygen content can be measured according to the standard: ASTM D5622-17 / D2504-88(2015).
- the nitrogen content can be measured according to the standard: ASTM D4629-17.
- the sulfur content can be measured according to the ISO 20846:2011 standard.
- the halogen content in particular chlorine, bromine, fluorine, can be measured according to the standard: ASTM D7359-18. Silicon content can be measured by XRF.
- hydrotreatment catalyst we mean a catalyst promoting the incorporation of hydrogen into products.
- This type of catalyst is typically a metal catalyst comprising one or more metals from groups 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the periodic table.
- Figure 1 represents the GC-MS spectra of the products of Example 3.
- Example 1 separation of paraffins by crystallization in acetone or in an acetone-isopropanol mixture
- a crystallization solvent acetone or 50/50 (v/v) mixture of acetone and iso-propanol
- Table 1 brings together the compositions of the pyrolysis oil and the cakes resulting from the two filtrations. It can be seen that the recovered solid product contains mainly paraffins, with a notable quantity of olefins and a very small quantity of aromatics.
- Example 2 separation of paraffins by crystallization in acetone or in an acetone-isopropanol mixture
- Tables 2 and 3 respectively give the compositions of the HPPT oil and the T cake.
- the HPPT oil and the T cake were analyzed by GCxGC-FID using a two-dimensional GCxGC chromatograph equipped with an apolar capillary column in first dimension (1 D) and a capillary column of intermediate polarity in second dimension (2D). Detection is carried out by a flame ionization detector (FID).
- FID flame ionization detector
- a first separation on column 1 D allows the compounds to be separated according to their boiling points. They are trapped periodically in the modulation loop and injected into a second column which separates the compounds according to their polarities.
- the chromatogram obtained is demodulated in the form of a two-dimensional retention plan and used via dedicated software (for example GC Image). Quantification of compounds is carried out by normalization to 100% of the compounds detected by the FID.
- the n-olefin contents include the n-olefin and n-diolefin contents.
- diesel cut of plastic pyrolysis oil was dewaxed by crystallization.
- This diesel cut denoted “diesel ex HPP”, is made up of C10-C30 hydrocarbons and contains 49.55%m/m of paraffins and 41.30%m/m of olefins.
- the dewaxed oil (called filtrate) separated from the cake is recovered.
- the acetone contained in the filtrate was evaporated using a rotary evaporator at 70°C under vacuum at a rotation speed of 60 rpm, then the vacuum is cut to send a flow of nitrogen into the flask in order to have total evaporation of the acetone.
- compositions of the extracted paraffins and the filtrate were analyzed as described with reference to Example 2. The results are summarized in Table 4. The heteroatom contents of the diesel ex HPP, of the extracted paraffins and of the filtrate are summarized in Table 5.
- Non-polar column Thermo TG-5HT brand 30 m * 0.25 mm * 0.25 pm
- Electron impact source at 70eV Electron impact source at 70eV.
- the GC-MS analysis spectra obtained are collected in Figure 1.
- the peak with high intensity is paraffin
- the neighboring peak with lower intensity is the corresponding linear olefin.
- the ex HPP diesel cut contains linear paraffins and linear C10-C30 olefins.
- the paraffins extracted are essentially nC15-nC30, with a small proportion of linear olefins.
- the filtrate essentially contains lighter C10-C19 fractions, with a higher proportion of olefins compared to the extracted paraffins.
- Example 4 Hydrotreatment of the solid product of example 1, 2 or 3
- Example 1 The solid from Example 1, 2 or 3 can be hydrotreated according to the following procedure:
- the solid can be introduced into a first optional hydrotreatment section (HDT1), essentially to hydrogenate the diolefins, and which is operated in the liquid phase.
- This step may include a plurality of reactors in series and/or parallel if guard reactors are used upstream or downstream of the first hydrogenation reactor.
- guard reactors can reduce the concentration of certain undesirable chemical species and/or elements such as chlorine, silicon and metals.
- Particularly undesirable metals include Si, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe and Hg.
- HDT2 A second hydrotreatment section (HDT2) is dedicated to the hydrogenation of olefins and demetallation (HDM), desulfurization (HDS), denitrogenation (HDN) and deoxygenation (HDO).
- HDT2 is operated in the gas phase.
- This section consists of one or more reactors operated in series, lead-lag or in parallel.
- quenching with cold hydrogen can be used to moderate the temperature increase and control the reaction.
- Isolated, lead-lag, series and/or parallel guard reactors can be considered depending on the nature and quantity of the contaminant in the flow to be treated.
- guard reactors to eliminate chlorine and silicon can be operated in the gas phase. Silicon can also be trapped on the upper bed of a reactor in the HDT2 section or separately, upstream or downstream by the treatment of hot gases leaving the HDT2 section.
- Chlorine and mercury can be separated by guard reactors in liquid or gas phase.
- the operating pressure in each of the HDT1 and HDT2 hydrotreatments is 5-140 bars, preferably 20-30 bars for HDT1 and 20-140 bars, preferably 30-100 bars for HDT2, typically 30-40 bars for HDT2.
- the catalyst for HDT 1 usually comprises Pd (0.1 -10 wt%) and/or Ni (0.1 -60 wt%) and/or NiMo (0.1 -60 wt%).
- Typical temperature range at the HDT2 inlet at the start of the cycle (SOR: start of run): 200-340°C.
- Typical HDT2 outlet temperature range (SOR): 300-380°C, up to 450°C.
- the catalyst for HDT 2 usually includes a NiMo (any type of commercial catalyst for refining or petrochemical application), potentially a CoMo in the very last beds at the bottom of the reactor (any type of commercial catalyst for refining or petrochemical application).
- the upper bed of HDT2 should preferably be operated with a NiMo having a hydrogenating capacity as well as a silicon trapping capacity.
- An upper bed of this type can be considered as an adsorbent as well as a metal trap also having HDN activity and hydrogenating capacity.
- An example of an acceptable upper bed for this function includes commercially available NiMo catalyst adsorbents such as ACT971, ACT981 from Axens or equivalents from Axens. Haldor Topsoe, Axens, Criterion, etc. It is possible to have two separate beds in an HDT2 reactor, with quenching between the two beds or between the two reactors, if the two beds are in two separate reactors, or no quenching at all.
- the intermediate quenching is carried out using cold HDT2 effluent or by adding cold hydrogen, that is to say at a temperature generally ranging from 15 to 30°C, in order to control the exotherm. of HDT2.
- Dilution by recycling of the hydrocarbon flow to the upper HDT2 bed is not recommended due to the increased risk of bed fouling.
- the charge arriving on the HDT2 catalyst should be completely vaporized at all times, including at variable speeds as is the case during starts. Sending liquid hydrocarbons to the upper bed of an HDT2 reactor can generate fouling and an increase in the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of said HDT2 reactor and lead to premature shutdown.
- a hydrodemetallation catalyst for example commercial, can be added to the upper bed of the HDT2 section in order to protect the lower catalytic beds from deactivation.
- the effluent leaving the HDT2 section may include 97%m/m or 98%m/m or more paraffins, no more than 2%m/m olefins and may be used as is or fractionated according to distillation temperature ranges to obtain paraffins having a specific melting point meeting the specifications of a particular application, for example 70°C or more.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2204270A FR3135275B1 (fr) | 2022-05-05 | 2022-05-05 | Procede de production de paraffines par hydrotraitement de charges provenant de dechets plastiques |
| PCT/EP2023/062070 WO2023214085A1 (fr) | 2022-05-05 | 2023-05-05 | Procede de production de paraffines par hydrotraitement de charges provenant de dechets plastiques |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4519391A1 true EP4519391A1 (fr) | 2025-03-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23726297.7A Pending EP4519391A1 (fr) | 2022-05-05 | 2023-05-05 | Procede de production de paraffines par hydrotraitement de charges provenant de dechets plastiques |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250320417A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4519391A1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250005472A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3249458A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3135275B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023214085A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3767724A (en) * | 1971-10-15 | 1973-10-23 | Chevron Res | Extractive crystallization method for the separation of mixtures of alkenes and alkanes |
| US12559686B2 (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2026-02-24 | Shell Usa, Inc. | Recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons |
| EP4133037B1 (fr) * | 2020-04-07 | 2024-07-17 | TotalEnergies OneTech Belgium | Valorisation d'huile à base de déchets plastiques en produits chimiques de haute valeur par craquage catalytique direct |
| FR3114598B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-25 | 2023-09-29 | Ifp Energies Now | Procede de traitement d’huiles de pyrolyse de plastiques et/ou de combustibles solides de recuperation chargees en impuretes |
-
2022
- 2022-05-05 FR FR2204270A patent/FR3135275B1/fr active Active
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2023
- 2023-05-05 WO PCT/EP2023/062070 patent/WO2023214085A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-05-05 KR KR1020247040371A patent/KR20250005472A/ko active Pending
- 2023-05-05 CA CA3249458A patent/CA3249458A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-05-05 EP EP23726297.7A patent/EP4519391A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-05-05 US US18/862,760 patent/US20250320417A1/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20250005472A (ko) | 2025-01-09 |
| US20250320417A1 (en) | 2025-10-16 |
| FR3135275A1 (fr) | 2023-11-10 |
| FR3135275B1 (fr) | 2025-08-22 |
| WO2023214085A1 (fr) | 2023-11-09 |
| CA3249458A1 (fr) | 2023-11-09 |
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