EP4630385A1 - Fabrication d'un composant en ceramique - Google Patents
Fabrication d'un composant en ceramiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4630385A1 EP4630385A1 EP23820912.6A EP23820912A EP4630385A1 EP 4630385 A1 EP4630385 A1 EP 4630385A1 EP 23820912 A EP23820912 A EP 23820912A EP 4630385 A1 EP4630385 A1 EP 4630385A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zirconia
- watch
- layer
- based portion
- getter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/91—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/0072—Heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
- C04B41/4529—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied from the gas phase
- C04B41/4531—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied from the gas phase by C.V.D.
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/53—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone involving the removal of at least part of the materials of the treated article, e.g. etching, drying of hardened concrete
- C04B41/5338—Etching
- C04B41/5346—Dry etching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/53—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone involving the removal of at least part of the materials of the treated article, e.g. etching, drying of hardened concrete
- C04B41/5338—Etching
- C04B41/5353—Wet etching, e.g. with etchants dissolved in organic solvents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/18—Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5806—Thermal treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5873—Removal of material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
- G04B19/06—Dials
- G04B19/12—Selection of materials for dials or graduations markings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B37/00—Cases
- G04B37/22—Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases
- G04B37/225—Non-metallic cases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/80—Optical properties, e.g. transparency or reflexibility
- C04B2111/82—Coloured materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a watch or jewelry component comprising at least one portion based on sintered technical ceramic based on Zr ⁇ 2 zirconia. It also relates to a timepiece comprising such a timepiece component. Finally, it relates to a process for manufacturing such a portion of a watch or jewelry component in sintered technical ceramic based on ZrC zirconia, and to a process for manufacturing such a watch component.
- zirconia-based ceramics are commonly used because they possess mechanical properties high. In addition to these mechanical properties, it is interesting to propose manufacturing processes for such colored ceramics, particularly for aesthetic reasons, because zirconia-based ceramics are naturally white. Indeed, applications in watchmaking and jewelry are also very demanding on the aesthetic aspect, particularly color.
- a first object of the present invention is to propose a technical ceramic solution based on zirconia which makes it possible to achieve high performance, while making it possible to achieve a desired color, considered attractive.
- a second object of the present invention is to propose a technical ceramic solution based on zirconia which allows its manufacture in a simple manner.
- the invention also concerns more generally a component comprising a technical ceramic portion, this technical ceramic being able for example to be based on zirconia or alumina.
- the invention is based on a process for manufacturing a zirconia-based portion of a watch or jewelry component, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- - Deposit a layer comprising a material having a getter property, having a greater affinity for oxygen than the zirconium of said zirconia-based portion, on at least part of the surface of said zirconia-based portion; - Heat said zirconia-based portion under vacuum or in a neutral atmosphere to obtain a darkening, or even black or gray coloring, of at least part of said zirconia-based portion;
- This darkening or coloring is visible from a surface of said portion.
- Figure 1 schematically represents a flowchart of the process for manufacturing a zirconia portion of a watch or jewelry component according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figures 2a to 2c schematically represent steps of the manufacturing process according to an example of coloring of a spectacle disc according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figures 3a to 3d schematically represent steps of the manufacturing process according to an example of coloring of a pellet according to one embodiment of the invention.
- ceramic we mean a ceramic whose density is between 95% and 100% of the theoretical density of the material considered.
- ceramic or “technical ceramic” designate dense materials based on stabilized zirconium oxide.
- zirconia-based ceramic portion or even more simply “zirconia-based portion” to designate a sintered technical ceramic portion based on zirconia, forming all or part of a watch or jewelry component.
- zirconia-based a material which in all cases mainly comprises a zirconia component, in a proportion by weight of at least 50%, or even at least 75%, or even at least 90%.
- the ceramic material used by the invention comprises at least 50% by weight of zirconia.
- a zirconia-based material may also comprise other compounds, in particular in a non-exhaustive manner all or part of the compounds chosen from yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, scandium oxide, lanthanum oxide, niobium oxide, ytterbium oxide, neodymium oxide, terbium oxide, erbium oxide.
- finished shape of a component or a portion of a component, we mean a component or a portion of a component whose shape, dimensions and surface finish are finalized.
- si-finished shape we mean a component or a portion of a component whose shape and dimensions are close to the final shape, and whose surface state may be different from that which it will have when finished. end of the manufacturing process.
- the watch or jewelry component comprises at least one portion based on zirconia, that is to say in sintered technical ceramic based on Zr ⁇ 2 zirconia. Such a portion may correspond to all or part of the watch or jewelry component.
- the method of manufacturing such a portion of the watch or jewelry component according to one embodiment of the invention comprises the steps represented schematically by the flowchart of Figure 1; the optional steps are indicated in dotted lines. It particularly makes it possible to manufacture a ceramic portion based on zirconia, at least locally black or dark in color, which is considered by the aesthetic expert in watchmaking and jewelry to be very attractive.
- This method of manufacturing a portion based on zirconia according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- this manufacturing process therefore includes a process for coloring a portion based on zirconia, more particularly formed by the aforementioned steps E2 to E4.
- the first step is made from a technical ceramic, based on zirconia. It first comprises the preparation of a bound ceramic powder, which is shaped and sintered, in a known manner, to obtain said technical ceramic portion, based on zirconia.
- Technical ceramics can be based on yttriated zirconia, possibly pigmented.
- the zirconia-based portion resulting from this first step is a dense technical ceramic, the density of which is between 95% and 100% of the theoretical density of said technical ceramic.
- the sintered technical ceramic comprises a proportion mass of ZrC zirconia greater than or equal to 80%, or even greater than or equal to 85%, or even greater than or equal to 90%.
- the sintered technical ceramic comprises a mass proportion of zirconia Zr ⁇ 2 less than or equal to 94%, or even less than or equal to 93%.
- the invention can more precisely advantageously be applied to a yttriated zirconia, stabilized with 3 molar% of Y2O3, with additions of cerium oxide, or without cerium oxide.
- a zirconia stabilized with 2 mole% of Y2O3 can be used, or even 1.8 mole% of Y2O3, or even 1.6 mole% of Y2O3.
- the invention can advantageously be applied to a yttriated and pigmented zirconia, initially having a color other than black, for example green or blue, can be used.
- zirconia can advantageously comprise pigments made from spinel, and in particular from cobalt aluminate.
- zirconia may comprise pigments made from nickel oxide, iron oxide, cobalt aluminate, alumina, and/or their mixture.
- other ways of coloring the ceramic can be used, such as solid solution elements, or the like. Whatever the way in which the ceramic is colored, we distinguish its initial color (at the end of step E1) from its final color (color obtained at the end of step E4, at least locally modified in relation to to the initial color, as will be specified below).
- a material having an oxygen pump property is chosen, that is to say in this context, a material having a greater affinity for oxygen that the zirconium of zirconia-based ceramics, in particular at the temperature of the heat treatment which will be detailed later; By this we mean that the oxygen present in the zirconium oxide will have tendency to diffuse towards this material during the applied heat treatment, rather than remaining in the zirconium oxide.
- a material exhibiting a getter property we will refer to such a material as “material exhibiting a getter property”.
- our application uses a principle similar to that of a non-evaporable oxygen pump (NEG “Non Evaporable Getter”), whose surface adsorbs in particular the oxygen from a vacuum enclosure, until it is totally oxidized.
- the thickness of this deposited layer can be chosen over a wide range. Preferably, it will be as thin as possible, the lower limit of the thickness of said layer being defined by the capacity of the material composing it to store a sufficient quantity of oxygen extracted from the ceramic. This sufficient quantity is defined in particular by its effect on the color finally obtained from the surface of the zirconia-based ceramic, as well as on the depth of ceramic which is darkened relative to the initial color, due to the extraction of oxygen . The thicker this layer of material comprising a getter property is, the darker the resulting color of the ceramic will be, until it is black, and/or the more this darkened color will be extended over a significant depth of the ceramic in question.
- the maximum thickness of the layer of this material exhibiting a getter property is further defined by the requirement for good adhesion of this layer to the ceramic. Indeed, a layer that is too thick could encounter adhesion problems, which could harm its coloring effect on areas of less good adhesion, and induce non-homogeneous coloring, which is not preferred for aesthetic reasons. .
- the effectiveness of the getter property of said material will also depend on its specific structure, a nanocrystalline form for example increasing its storage capacity compared to a crystalline form.
- the thickness of this layer can be between 50 nm and 6 pm.
- the material exhibiting a getter property may be titanium, or a titanium alloy, or hafnium, or a hafnium alloy, or zirconium, or a zirconium alloy, or a combination of these materials, or another more complex material comprising at least one of these materials.
- the step consisting of depositing E2 a layer comprising a material having a getter property is advantageously carried out by physical vapor deposition (PVD), or by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or by atomic layer deposition ( ALD), or by pulsed laser ablation (PLD), or any other suitable method.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- PLD pulsed laser ablation
- the material having a getter property can be deposited over the entire surface of said portion. As an advantageous variant, it can be deposited on only part of this surface.
- a mask can be used to mask the part of the surface on which the layer is not deposited. It can for example be masking with photosensitive resin (in this case, a layer of resin is deposited on the part of the surface to be masked) or so-called “mechanical” masking (in this case, a self-supporting object acting as a mask is pressed against the part of the surface to be masked, or is even positioned just above the part of the surface to be masked).
- the method comprises an intermediate step consisting of masking E15 at least part of the surface of said zirconia-based portion of finished or semi-finished shape, so as to deposit E2 a layer of getter material in a manner localized.
- the method also includes another intermediate step consisting of removing E25 the mask, after deposition E2 of the getter layer, and before heat treatment E3 of said portion.
- a mask compatible with the heating step E3 it could be removed after this step E3 (for example for a mechanical mask), or during the removal step E4 (for example for a resin mask).
- the method implements a step consisting of heating E3 said zirconia-based portion.
- the getter property of the deposited layer of material will produce its effect, by absorbing at least part of the oxygen contained in the ceramic.
- This heating can be carried out under vacuum, at a pressure between 10 -2 mbar and 10 -10 mbar, or at atmospheric pressure under a neutral atmosphere, based on argon, xenon, or krypton, or a mixture of these gases.
- Any heating condition minimizing the presence of oxygen in the enclosure, apart from the ceramic, is advantageous and could be implemented.
- the diffusion of oxygen from the zirconia towards the getter property layer impacts the zirconia-based portion concerned, which becomes at least partly substoichiometric in oxygen (i.e. depleted in oxygen by compared to the initial stoichiometric equilibrium situation).
- This change induces at least locally a coloring of said zirconia-based portion in black or dark gray, more generally at least locally a darkening of said zirconia-based portion; these modifications occur on the surface and in a zone in the volume of the portion to be from this surface; as these modifications are visible on the surface of the portion, they are used in particular for decorative purposes.
- the coloring process preferably makes it possible to obtain a black coloring of the ceramic.
- These black and gray colors are notably obtained from a semi-finished or finished component (from the first stage of the process) which is substantially white.
- the zirconia-based portion comprises coloring pigments, in a conventional manner, it can present any initial color.
- this initial color can alternatively be obtained by any process other than pigmentation.
- Ceramic with an initial color is referred to as “pigmented zirconia” or “colored zirconia” throughout the rest of the document.
- the process then makes it possible to darken this initial color.
- the process therefore has the general effect of darkening the treated zirconia-based portion. This darkening resulting from the process according to the invention is due to the fact that the zirconia becomes substoichiometric in oxygen and/or that the pigment is modified.
- the portion based on zirconia resulting from the process according to the invention is a portion “based on sub-stoichiometric zirconia in oxygen presenting a darkened appearance”.
- the coloring according to the invention is done in a “subtractive” manner in the sense that the initial chemical composition of the zirconia-based portion is depleted in oxygen and is not enriched in any element (for example, no carbon addition is necessary for coloring). This darkening can therefore be understood by comparison with the color which would be obtained without the implementation according to the invention (that is to say the initial color at the end of the shaping and sintering step E1).
- the coloring process according to the invention can thus make it possible to obtain a darkening, or a black or gray coloring of the ceramic.
- the coloring process according to the invention is used to obtain a black coloring of the pigmented zirconia.
- the duration of treatment varies greatly, and depends on the desired result. Heat treatment can be between 10 minutes and 10 hours. Likewise, the treatment temperature is very variable, and depends on the desired result.
- the coloring according to the invention is selective when it is applied to a zirconia colored by pigments such as green and blue pigments made from spinel, and in particular from cobalt aluminate, or from a mixture of oxides (this mixture containing for example cobalt aluminate and other oxides), and in the case where the layer comprising a material having a getter property is not applied over the entire surface of said portion.
- pigments such as green and blue pigments made from spinel, and in particular from cobalt aluminate, or from a mixture of oxides (this mixture containing for example cobalt aluminate and other oxides)
- this mixture containing for example cobalt aluminate and other oxides this mixture containing for example cobalt aluminate and other oxides
- the coloring according to the invention is observed on the entire surface of the portion of the component, even if its entire surface has not been coated with a layer of material presenting a getter property.
- a layer of material presenting a getter property This is for example the case from a portion of zirconia colored brown with pigments based on ferric oxide Fe2O3, as well as white yttriated zirconia containing alumina AI2O3, under the conditions tested, for example according to the fourth example which will be described later.
- the at least partial application of a layer comprising a material having a getter property makes it possible in all cases to obtain coloring in a certain volume of the zirconia-based portion, which can exactly correspond to the part of surface on which the material having a getter property, that is to say being directly above said surface part over a certain depth, or alternatively not corresponding exactly to this surface part and being more extensive.
- the coloring process according to the invention is used to obtain selective coloring of the zirconia.
- the process is preferentially used to obtain a black coloring, visible selectively on the part of the surface which was directly above the getter layer deposited locally, the initial color of the pigmented zirconia being preserved on the rest of the surface.
- the color of technical ceramics is measured spectrophotometrically.
- the measurements are carried out in reflection with an aperture of 7 mm for a measuring diameter of 4 mm; the geometry of the measuring device corresponds to diffuse illumination and measurement of spectra at 8°. If the component does not have sufficient flat surface area, a control pad is used to make the measurement.
- the reflectance measurements are carried out between 360 nm and 740 nm, and the color evaluation is carried out with the assumption of an observer at 10° and the illuminant D65.
- the brightness L* and the chromatic values a* and b*, the chroma C* and the hue angle h*, are evaluated in the space defined by the International Commission on Illumination, CIE L*a*b* , as indicated in the “Technical Report of Colorimetry” CIE 15: 2004.
- the measurements are carried out in SCI (Specular Component Included) and SCE (Specular Component Excluded) mode.
- the spectrophotometry measurement is carried out on a component with a polished surface state, preferably having a roughness defined by a standardized roughness parameter Ra worth 2 nm ⁇ 0.2 nm.
- the Ra parameter is measured according to the standard (ISO 4287).
- the invention makes it possible to form a two-color ceramic watch component, or even multi-colored, which may include at least one part of dark color, in particular black, defined by the following colorimetry parameters in SCI mode: L* less than 47.0, or even L* less than 45.6, or even L* less than 45.4, or L* between 43.0 and 47.0, even L* between 44.3 and 45.6, even L* between 45.0 and 45.4, a* between -0.1 and 1, even a* between -0.5 and 1.0, even a* between 0.3 and 0.9, b* between -1 and 1.6, or even b* between -0.8 and 1.4, or b* between 0.3 and 1.1, and L* between 5.0 and 12.0, a* included between 1.4 and 5.7, b* between 5.5 and 10.8, in SCE mode and the other part of which has its initial color unmodified.
- the steps consisting on the one hand of depositing a layer comprising a material having a getter property and on the other hand of heating said zirconia-based portion can advantageously be carried out in two separate enclosures, or in the same enclosure.
- the method includes an intermediate masking step, mentioned previously, this implementation in the same enclosure remains possible if the masking is treated in an appropriate manner.
- the step consisting of removing E4 the layer comprising the material having a getter property can be carried out by chemical stripping, in particular by chemical dissolution, or mechanically, in particular by a step of polishing, sanding, machining or brushing, of the surface of said portion, possibly involving laser treatment.
- the previous step consisting of removing E4 the layer comprising the material having a getter property can at the same time allow the surface of the component portion to be terminated.
- the process may include a final, distinct, optional finishing step, for example grinding and/or polishing and/or sandblasting and/or satin finishing.
- the zirconia-based portion does not need to contain a getter property material in its volume.
- the invention does not apply by integrating a getter material into the volume, for example when formulating ceramic powder; the getter material is necessarily used in the form of a sacrificial layer added to the surface of the portion.
- such a material could be integrated into the mass, in a zone of said portion, for pigmentation purposes, to implement complementary coloring, other than the blackening targeted by this invention.
- the manufacturing process thus includes a phase of coloring a ceramic portion based on zirconia, in particular in black, which also has the following advantages:
- coloring pigments there is no need to integrate coloring pigments into the powder, as is commonly done in the state of the art, and even no need to add an additional element to the ceramic, for example no need impregnation with an additional element, as is also produced in the state of the art.
- the coloring according to the invention results directly from a physical phenomenon of modification of the ceramic itself, by oxygen extract;
- the result obtained is a single piece ceramic portion.
- the coloring according to the invention is in fact not obtained by the addition of a coloring layer added to the surface, which would risk delamination;
- the coloring phase according to the invention occurs at the end of the manufacturing process, on a portion of the component that is already sintered, semi-finished or finished. It can therefore be applied in different ways to the same semi-finished or finished portion, to obtain a monochrome or locally (selectively) colored result. It does not require upstream adaptation of the manufacturing process;
- the coloring phase does not require any intervention on the initial powder used to manufacture the watch component, which forms a simple process because it does not require a specific powder formulation for each desired color;
- the coloring phase according to the invention is also reversible.
- it is possible to go back through heat treatment at high temperature (not encountered in the daily life of the watch wearer since several hundred degrees must be reached in an oxidizing atmosphere), to return to the initial stoichiometric form, and possibly restart another coloring phase with modified parameters.
- the coloring is irreversible: if the result is not satisfactory, the component is lost and must be scrapped, which is therefore much less advantageous.
- the invention also relates to a watch or jewelry component resulting from the manufacturing process described above.
- the invention relates to a watch or jewelry component comprising at least one base portion of zirconia, characterized in that it comprises at least part of the surface of said portion based on sub-stoichiometric zirconia in oxygen having a darkened, even black or gray appearance.
- the ceramic presents a zone depleted in oxygen.
- This zone is formed at a certain depth below said surface.
- This depth can be chosen over a wide range, defined in part by the layer of material having a getter property which is applied during the manufacturing process.
- this zone is chosen sufficiently deep to guarantee the unchanged maintenance of the color during use of the portion of the component, that is to say in particular by avoiding that the initial color of the zirconia (present under the zone colored by the invention) does not appear, for example due to wear by abrasion of the portion, or in the event of scratching of the surface.
- This depth can for example be chosen to be at least 0.015 mm, and preferably between 0.015 mm and 1 mm.
- the coloring according to the invention is carried out over the total thickness of the component.
- the watch or jewelry component may comprise a portion colored in the mass by pigments (or colored by any other process), presenting a first zone provided with a first color (the initial color, which does not is not modified by the invention), and a second zone, presenting a second different color (the aforementioned final color induced by the invention), presenting said darkened appearance, even black or gray, due to the sub-stoichiometric zone in oxygen induced by the invention.
- the zirconia-based portion of the watch or jewelry component may be a dense technical ceramic, the density of which is between 95% and 100% of the theoretical density of said technical ceramic.
- the darkening for example obtaining the black, gray, or more generally dark color according to the invention, can relate to only part of the surface (called selective coloring) of the sintered technical ceramic portion based on zirconia. ZrC of said watch or jewelry component, or can extend over the entire surface of this portion.
- Said zirconia-based portion may be based on yttriated zirconia, optionally pigmented, in particular with pigments containing aluminates, in particular cobalt aluminate.
- obtaining the black color according to the invention concerns only part of the surface (called selective coloring) of the sintered technical ceramic portion based on pigmented Zr ⁇ 2 zirconia of said watch or jewelry component, the rest of its surface retaining its initial color.
- the method thus makes it possible to obtain a two-color portion, comprising a first part treated by the invention, black in color, and a second untreated part retaining its initial color, white or any other color, in particular from traditional pigments.
- the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a zirconia-based portion of an at least two-color watch or jewelry component, which comprises the following steps:
- the second part therefore retains its initial color.
- this second part not only retains its initial color but even remains more generally unchanged by the step consisting of heating the zirconia-based portion.
- the watch component can be any decorative element, such as a bezel, a bezel disc, a case, a back, a middle part, a dial, a decorative plate, or a bracelet link.
- the watch component may be a component of a watch movement.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece, in particular a wristwatch, which comprises at least one watch component as described above.
- the watch component may be in one piece or comprise a combination of different parts assembled together.
- it can be of a single chemical nature or of a combination of chemical natures. It can therefore comprise one material or several different materials, including naturally at least one ceramic portion based on zirconia as described above.
- the portion that we seek to treat according to the invention, single-color, two-color or multi-colored, is preferably in one piece in one piece and for example monochrome, with a color called initial color.
- the portion treated according to the invention is advantageously at least two-colored.
- a portion treated so as to become two-color it is advantageous to obtain a first part locally black and a second part locally of its initial color. There is then no boundary or fragile interface between the black part and the part of the initial color, as would be the case if the two colors were obtained by elements manufactured at least partly separately and assembled by the following.
- the coloring according to the invention makes it possible to achieve coloring over a significant depth of the portion, and not only superficially. Thus, in the event of surface wear, there is no impact on the color of the portion.
- the first example consists of a frustoconical bezel disc made of tetragonal zirconia (zirconia stabilized with 3 molar % of Y2O3, denoted “3Y Zr ⁇ 2”) blue. Its blue color is a mass coloring obtained by adding pigments (C0AI2O4 spinel). Half of the disc is mechanically masked. The disc is then placed in a PVD deposition chamber where a titanium deposit 5 ⁇ m thick, forming a layer of material exhibiting a getter property, is produced on its upper surface. The mechanical mask is removed.
- Figure 2a schematizes the monobloc blue monobloc bezel disc 1, at the end of the step consisting of shaping it and sintering it E1;
- Figure 2b schematizes the disk 1, a first half 3 of which is covered with a layer of titanium and a second half 2 not, at the end of the step consisting of depositing E2 the layer of titanium;
- Figure 2c shows the disk 1 schematically, the first half 3 of which became black while the second half 2 remained blue, following the steps consisting of heating E3 then removing E4 the titanium layer.
- the second embodiment concerns a blue tetragonal zirconia (3Y ZrC) pellet, 3 cm in diameter and 5 mm thick. Its blue color is obtained by the addition of pigments (spinel C0AI2O4), or by impregnation with cobalt and aluminum salts, according to the teachings of document CH707424. Its upper surface is polished (which promotes good resolution of the decor). This pellet then undergoes masking of part of its upper surface, carried out using a photosensitive resin, so that the only visible parts of the blue zirconia are in selected locations, corresponding for example to selected designs. , such as butterfly shapes.
- 3Y ZrC blue tetragonal zirconia
- Figure 3a schematizes the blue monochrome monobloc pellet 4, at the end of the step consisting of shaping it and sintering it E1;
- Figure 3b schematizes the pellet 4 of which a first part 6 of the surface is covered with masking resin while second parts 5 are not, at the end of the intermediate masking step E15;
- Figure 3c schematizes the pellet 4 of which the second parts 5 of the surface are covered with a layer of titanium and of which the first part 6 of the surface is not, at the end of the steps consisting of depositing E2 a layer of titanium and to remove the E25 mask;
- Figure 3d schematizes the pellet 4 of which the first part 6 of the surface remains blue while the second parts 5 of the surface are black, at the end of the steps consisting of heating E3 then removing E4 the titanium layer.
- the third example is a green tetragonal zirconia (3Y ZrC) bezel disc.
- Its green color is a mass coloring obtained by adding pigments made from a combination of oxides. Its upper surface is polished.
- the bezel disc undergoes masking of part of its upper surface, carried out using a photosensitive resin, so that the visible part of the green zirconia corresponds to half of its surface.
- the bezel disc is placed in a PVD deposition chamber where a 5 ⁇ m thick deposit of titanium, forming a layer of material exhibiting a getter property, is produced on its upper surface. There photosensitive masking resin is dissolved.
- the telescope disc locally coated with titanium is then placed in a vacuum oven, where it is subjected to a heat treatment, with a stage at 1035°C for 30 min, at a pressure of 10 -5 mbar.
- the bezel disc is then partially subjected to machining resulting in a satin surface finish, which allows both the removal of the material coating having a getter property and the completion of the surface of this part of the bezel disc.
- telescope The result is a bezel disc with half the upper surface satin black and half polished green. Alternatively, machining could be carried out on the entire disc surface to obtain a fully satin disc, half green and half black.
- the fourth embodiment concerns a white zirconia pellet (containing AhOs), 3 cm in diameter and 5 mm thick. Its upper surface is polished. This pellet is placed in a PVD deposition chamber where a 3 ⁇ m thick titanium deposit, forming a getter layer, is produced on its upper surface. The titanium-coated pellet is then placed in a vacuum oven, where it is subjected to heat treatment, with a stage at 1035°C for 10 min, at a pressure of 10 -4 mbar. Finally, the pellet is immersed in a suitable chemical solution (alternatively, it is subjected to polishing), which allows the getter coating to be removed. The result obtained is a dark gray colored pellet.
- a suitable chemical solution alternatively, it is subjected to polishing
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a watch component comprising at least one portion based on sintered technical ceramic based on zirconia, characterized in that the ceramic is two-tone, or even multi-colored, comprising at least a first surface portion processed having a dark color, in particular black, defined by the colorimetry parameters in SCI mode, L* less than 47.0, even L* less than 45.6, even L* less than 45.4, a* between -0.1 and 1, or even a * between -0.5 and 1.0, or even a* between 0.3 and 0.9, b* between -1 and 1.6, or even b* between -0.8 and 1.4, or even b* between 0.3 and 1.1, the spectrophotometric measurement being made on a component with a polished surface finish.
- This component may further comprise at least a second untreated surface portion of unchanged initial color.
- the invention also relates to a ceramic watch component, characterized in that it is based on zirconia, in that it is a single piece and two-color, or even multi-colored, comprising at least a first part in a first color and a second part in a second color different from the first color, in particular comprising a first blue or green color and a second black color.
- the invention also relates to a ceramic watch component resulting from the manufacturing process, characterized in that it comprises a first part of black color defined by the colorimetry parameters in SCI mode, L* less than 47.0, or even L* less at 45.6, or even L* less than 45.4, a* between -0.5 and 1, or even a* between -0.1 and 1.0, or even a* between 0.3 and 0.9, b* between -1 and 1.6, or even b* between -0.8 and 1.4, or even b* between 0.3 and 1.1, the spectrophotometry measurement being carried out on a component with a polished surface finish.
- This component may comprise a second part of untreated surface of unchanged initial color.
- the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a portion based on technical ceramic, in particular based on alumina, of a watch or jewelry component, characterized in that it comprises the following steps
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a portion based on technical ceramic, in particular based on alumina, of a watch component. or at least two-tone jewelry, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the invention also relates to a watch or jewelry component comprising at least one portion based on technical ceramic, in particular alumina, characterized in that it comprises at least part of said portion based on sub-stoichiometric technical ceramic in oxygen presenting a darkened, even black or gray appearance.
- the invention also relates to a watch or jewelry component, characterized in that said portion based on technical ceramic is a dense technical ceramic, the density of which is between 95% and 100% of the theoretical density of said technical ceramic, and/or in that said portion based on technical ceramic is based on yttriated technical ceramic, optionally pigmented, in particular with pigments containing aluminates, in particular cobalt aluminate.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22212285 | 2022-12-08 | ||
| PCT/EP2023/084803 WO2024121345A1 (fr) | 2022-12-08 | 2023-12-07 | Fabrication d'un composant en ceramique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4630385A1 true EP4630385A1 (fr) | 2025-10-15 |
Family
ID=84536072
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23820912.6A Pending EP4630385A1 (fr) | 2022-12-08 | 2023-12-07 | Fabrication d'un composant en ceramique |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4630385A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2026500185A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120322415A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024121345A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH697241B1 (fr) * | 1998-03-10 | 2008-07-31 | Asulab Sa | Article à base de zircone, son utilisation comme élément d'habillement résistant à l'usure d'une montre-bracelet, et procédé d'obtention d'un tel article. |
| DE60004643T2 (de) * | 2000-05-09 | 2004-06-09 | Asulab S.A. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zirkonoxid-Körper mit einem metallisch-goldenen Aussehen |
| ATE432915T1 (de) * | 2006-03-28 | 2009-06-15 | Comadur Sa | Verfahren zum dekorieren eines keramikteils |
| JP6664962B2 (ja) | 2012-12-21 | 2020-03-13 | ロレックス エスアー | 着色工業用セラミック体及びそれを得る方法 |
| WO2016147209A1 (fr) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-22 | Roberto Demeglio S.P.A. | Procédé de dépôt d'un métal noble sur une céramique de zircone et produit de bijouterie fabriqué selon ce procédé |
| CH711958A2 (fr) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-30 | Swatch Group Res & Dev Ltd | Elément d'habillage en zircone à coloration sélective. |
-
2023
- 2023-12-07 JP JP2025533069A patent/JP2026500185A/ja active Pending
- 2023-12-07 CN CN202380084182.2A patent/CN120322415A/zh active Pending
- 2023-12-07 EP EP23820912.6A patent/EP4630385A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-12-07 WO PCT/EP2023/084803 patent/WO2024121345A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024121345A1 (fr) | 2024-06-13 |
| CN120322415A (zh) | 2025-07-15 |
| JP2026500185A (ja) | 2026-01-06 |
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