ES2055491T3 - Procedimiento para la reaccion catalitica de hidrocarburos y sus derivados en procesos petroquimicos utilizando silicatos de aluminio cristalinos sinteticos. - Google Patents

Procedimiento para la reaccion catalitica de hidrocarburos y sus derivados en procesos petroquimicos utilizando silicatos de aluminio cristalinos sinteticos.

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Publication number
ES2055491T3
ES2055491T3 ES91111557T ES91111557T ES2055491T3 ES 2055491 T3 ES2055491 T3 ES 2055491T3 ES 91111557 T ES91111557 T ES 91111557T ES 91111557 T ES91111557 T ES 91111557T ES 2055491 T3 ES2055491 T3 ES 2055491T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
sio2
al2o3
hydrocarbons
processes
synthetic crystalline
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES91111557T
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English (en)
Inventor
Roland Dr Thome
Arno Dr Tissler
Karl Dr Becker
Hans-Dieter Dr Neubauer
Hans-Dieter Dr John
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leuna Werke GmbH
Vereinigte Aluminium Werke AG
Vaw Aluminium AG
Original Assignee
Leuna Werke GmbH
Vereinigte Aluminium Werke AG
Vaw Aluminium AG
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Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6410115&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=ES2055491(T3) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE4022140A external-priority patent/DE4022140C2/de
Application filed by Leuna Werke GmbH, Vereinigte Aluminium Werke AG, Vaw Aluminium AG filed Critical Leuna Werke GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2055491T3 publication Critical patent/ES2055491T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
    • C10G45/58—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
    • C10G45/60—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G45/64—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
    • B01J29/7003—A-type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
    • B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/36—Pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/54—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
    • C07C2/64—Addition to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C2/66—Catalytic processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/86—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
    • C07C2/862—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms
    • C07C2/864—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms the non-hydrocarbon is an alcohol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
    • C07C5/27—Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
    • C07C5/2767—Changing the number of side-chains
    • C07C5/277—Catalytic processes
    • C07C5/2775—Catalytic processes with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
    • C10G35/04—Catalytic reforming
    • C10G35/06—Catalytic reforming characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G35/095—Catalytic reforming characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
    • B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
    • B01J2229/26—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to stabilize the total catalyst structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
    • B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
    • B01J2229/36—Steaming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
    • B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
    • B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
    • C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • C07C2529/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

2.1. LA FABRICACION DE CEOLITAS, RICAS EN SILICIO, DE LA FAMILIA DE LOS PENTASILANOS PUDO REALIZARSE HASTA AHORA SOLAMENTE CON EL ADITAMIENTO DE COMPUESTOS ORGANICOS ESTRUCTURANTES PARA LA MEZCLA DE SINTESIS. ESTOS PROCEDIMIENTOS TIENEN SIN EMBARGO GRANDES DESVENTAJAS QUE IMPIDEN UNA FABRICACION A GRAN ESCALA Y SIN PERJUICIO PARA EL MEDIO AMBIENTE. MEDIANTE LOS PROCEDIMIENTOS DE FABRICACION, QUE PUEDEN RENUNCIAR AL EMPLEO DE SUSTANCIAS ORGANICAS, SE OBTIENEN LOS PRODUCTOS REQUERIDOS MUY LENTAMENTE; ADEMAS NO PUEDE EXCLUIRSE QUE SE PRODUZCAN FASES SECUNDARIAS NO DESEADAS. 2.2. SE QUIERE DESARROLLAR UN PROCEDIMIENTO EN EL CUAL SE EVITAN LAS DESVENTAJAS DE LOS PROCEDIMIENTOS CONOCIDOS. ESTE SE CARACTERIZA PORQUE, COMO CATALIZADOR O COMPONENTE DE CATALIZADOR, SE UTILIZA UN ALUMOSILICATO CRISTALINO SINTETICO CON LA COMPOSICION QUIMICA O-3M SUB 2O : AL SUB 2 O SUB 3 : 15-40SIO SUB 2 : O-40H SUB 2O, SIGNIFICANDO M UN CATION METALICO; MOSTRANDO EL ALUMOSILICATO CRISTALINO EN SU DIFRACTOGRAMA DE RAYOS X, AL MENOS LOS REFLEJOS DE RAYOS X QUE CORRESPONDEN A LOS VALORES DE LA TABLA 1; SIENDO LA RELACION DE LOS NUMEROS DE MOLES SIO SUB 2/AL SUB 2 O SUB 3 EN LA SUPERFICIE DE CRISTALITAS MAYOR O IGUAL A LA RELACION DE LOS NUMEROS DE MOLES SIO SUB 2/AL SUB 2O SUB 3 EN EL INTERIOR DEL CRISTAL; Y MOSTRANDO SU 29-SILICIO-CUERPO SOLIDO-MAS-ESPECTRO DE RESONANCIA NUCLEAR UNOS MARGENES DE ABSORCION DE APROX. -100, -106, -112 Y -116 PPM RESPECTO AL ESTANDAR TETRA-METIL-SILANO. 2.3. ESTE PROCEDIMIENTO SE APLICA PARA LA REACCION CATALITICA DE HIDROCARBUROS. 3. TABLA 1 D-WERTE=VALORES D / NETZEBENENABSTUANDE=DISTANCIAS DE PLANOS DE RELATIVE INTENSITUAT=INTENSIDAD RELATIVA / STARK=FUERTE.
ES91111557T 1990-07-11 1991-07-11 Procedimiento para la reaccion catalitica de hidrocarburos y sus derivados en procesos petroquimicos utilizando silicatos de aluminio cristalinos sinteticos. Expired - Lifetime ES2055491T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4022140A DE4022140C2 (de) 1990-07-11 1990-07-11 Verwendung eines synthetischen, kristallinen Alumosilikates

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2055491T3 true ES2055491T3 (es) 1994-08-16

Family

ID=6410115

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ES91111557T Expired - Lifetime ES2055491T3 (es) 1990-07-11 1991-07-11 Procedimiento para la reaccion catalitica de hidrocarburos y sus derivados en procesos petroquimicos utilizando silicatos de aluminio cristalinos sinteticos.

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0473907B1 (es)
JP (1) JP3061897B2 (es)
AT (1) ATE103506T1 (es)
AU (1) AU646265B2 (es)
CA (1) CA2046438A1 (es)
DE (2) DE4042655C2 (es)
DK (1) DK0473907T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2055491T3 (es)
NO (1) NO911325L (es)
RU (2) RU2094419C1 (es)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3919098A1 (de) * 1989-06-10 1990-12-13 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von kristallinen und zeolithischen alumosilikaten
DE3919400A1 (de) * 1989-06-14 1991-01-10 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von hochkieselsaeurehaltigen alumosilikaten
RU2233260C2 (ru) * 2000-09-13 2004-07-27 Юоп Ллк Селективная изомеризация ксилолов и конверсия этилбензола
US6784333B2 (en) * 2002-08-06 2004-08-31 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Catalyst for aromatization of alkanes, process of making and using thereof
US7186872B2 (en) * 2004-03-03 2007-03-06 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Catalyst for aromatization of alkanes, process of making and process of using thereof
CN100391610C (zh) * 2005-08-15 2008-06-04 中国石油化工股份有限公司 含分子筛的催化裂解流化床催化剂
CN101332433B (zh) * 2007-06-27 2011-07-20 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种催化裂化催化剂及其制备和应用方法
RU2453359C1 (ru) * 2011-04-25 2012-06-20 Вера Борисовна Обухова Способ очистки углеводородных фракций от серосодержащих соединений
US8889940B2 (en) * 2011-11-01 2014-11-18 Uop Llc Catalyst and process for hydrocarbon conversion

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3702886A (en) * 1969-10-10 1972-11-14 Mobil Oil Corp Crystalline zeolite zsm-5 and method of preparing the same
US4257885A (en) * 1976-02-04 1981-03-24 Union Carbide Corporation Novel zeolite compositions and processes for preparing and using same
FR2552418B1 (fr) * 1983-09-28 1985-10-25 Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim Procede de fabrication de zeolithe du type zsm-5
US4584138A (en) * 1983-09-30 1986-04-22 Union Carbide Corporation Novel fatty ethenoid acylaminoorganosilicon compounds and their use as a coupling agent
DE3477184D1 (en) * 1984-08-10 1989-04-20 Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kk Novel crystalline aluminosilicate, process for the preparation thereof, and process for the conversion of organic materials using the same
JPH01157584A (ja) * 1987-09-25 1989-06-20 Lion Corp レーザー発振材料
DE3922181A1 (de) * 1989-07-06 1991-01-17 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Synthetisches kristallines alumosilikat und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU94033348A (ru) 1996-07-10
AU646265B2 (en) 1994-02-17
EP0473907A3 (en) 1992-04-08
EP0473907A2 (de) 1992-03-11
NO911325L (no) 1992-01-13
CA2046438A1 (en) 1992-01-09
AU8028991A (en) 1992-01-16
JP3061897B2 (ja) 2000-07-10
JPH0748573A (ja) 1995-02-21
DE59101269D1 (de) 1994-05-05
ATE103506T1 (de) 1994-04-15
DE4042655C2 (de) 1996-12-19
RU2083281C1 (ru) 1997-07-10
RU2094419C1 (ru) 1997-10-27
NO911325D0 (no) 1991-04-04
DK0473907T3 (da) 1994-11-07
EP0473907B1 (de) 1994-03-30

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