ES2067637T3 - Procedimiento para producir una multicapa de membrana porosa de politetrafluoroetileno y estructura de multicapa de politetrafluoroetileno semisinterizada. - Google Patents

Procedimiento para producir una multicapa de membrana porosa de politetrafluoroetileno y estructura de multicapa de politetrafluoroetileno semisinterizada.

Info

Publication number
ES2067637T3
ES2067637T3 ES90123480T ES90123480T ES2067637T3 ES 2067637 T3 ES2067637 T3 ES 2067637T3 ES 90123480 T ES90123480 T ES 90123480T ES 90123480 T ES90123480 T ES 90123480T ES 2067637 T3 ES2067637 T3 ES 2067637T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
multilayer
polyetrafluoroethylene
semi
porous membrane
multilayer structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES90123480T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Shinji Tamaru
Katsutoshi Yamamoto
Osamu Tanaka
Hirofumi Nishibayashi
Osamu Inoue
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daikin Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Daikin Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP1320274A external-priority patent/JPH078927B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP5775990A external-priority patent/JPH0694186B2/ja
Application filed by Daikin Industries Ltd filed Critical Daikin Industries Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2067637T3 publication Critical patent/ES2067637T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/32—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed at least two layers being foamed and next to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
    • B01D69/1212—Coextruded layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
    • B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
    • B01D71/36—Polytetrafluoroethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/006—Pressing and sintering powders, granules or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/305—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
    • B29C48/307—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets specially adapted for bringing together components, e.g. melts within the die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/94—Lubricating
    • B29C48/95—Lubricating by adding lubricant to the moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/005—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/023—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets using multilayered plates or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/475—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using pistons, accumulators or press rams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
    • B29K2027/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluoroethylene, e.g. ePTFE, i.e. expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/025—Polyolefin

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

SE DESCRIBE EL PROCESO PARA PRODUCIR UNA MEMBRANA POROSA DE POLITETRAFLUOROETILENO MULTICAPA, CUYO PROCESO INCLUYE AL MENOS DOS CAPAS QUE TIENEN DIAMETROS DE PORO DE MEDIA DIFERENTE, EL PROCESO CONSTA DE LAS SIGUIENTES ETAPAS: LLENADO DEL INTERIOR DE UN CILINDRO DE UN MOLDE DE EXTRUSION CARACTERISTICA CON AL MENOS DOS CLASES DE POLVOS DE LOS CUALES SE HA MEZCLADO CON UN LIQUIDO LUBRICANTE; LOS POLVOS FORMAN UNA PASTA DE EXTRUSION PARA OBTENER UNA EXTRUSION MULTICAPA, LA CUAL ES ENTONCES OPCIONALMENTE LAMINADA; ELIMINANDO EL LIQUIDO MULTICAPA DE LA EXTRUSION MULTICAPA O DE LA EXTRUSION MULTICAPA LAMINADA PARA OBTENER UNA ESTRUCTURA MULTICAPA NO SINTERIZADA NO INFERIORMENTE AL PUNTO DE FUSION DEL POLITETRAFLUOROETILENO PARA OBTENER UNA ESTRUCTURA MULTICAPA SEMISINTERIZADA; Y ENTONCES EXTENDER LA ESTRUCTURA MULTICAPA SEMISINTERIZADA AL MENOS MONOAXIALMENTE. SE DESCRIBE TAMBIEN UNA ESTRUCTURA MULTICAPA DE POLITETRAFLUOREOTILENO SEMISINTERIZADO CAPAZ DE SER UTILIZADA COMO UN MATERIAL INTERMEDIOPARA EL PROCESO DESCRITO ARRIBA.
ES90123480T 1989-12-07 1990-12-06 Procedimiento para producir una multicapa de membrana porosa de politetrafluoroetileno y estructura de multicapa de politetrafluoroetileno semisinterizada. Expired - Lifetime ES2067637T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1320274A JPH078927B2 (ja) 1989-12-07 1989-12-07 ポリテトラフルオロエチレン複層多孔膜の製造方法
JP5775990A JPH0694186B2 (ja) 1990-03-08 1990-03-08 ポリテトラフルオロエチレン複層半焼成体

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2067637T3 true ES2067637T3 (es) 1995-04-01

Family

ID=26398834

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES90123480T Expired - Lifetime ES2067637T3 (es) 1989-12-07 1990-12-06 Procedimiento para producir una multicapa de membrana porosa de politetrafluoroetileno y estructura de multicapa de politetrafluoroetileno semisinterizada.

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0437721B1 (es)
KR (1) KR0150642B1 (es)
CN (1) CN1029201C (es)
AU (1) AU626185B2 (es)
BR (1) BR9006234A (es)
CA (1) CA2031808C (es)
DE (1) DE69014853T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2067637T3 (es)
PL (1) PL288122A1 (es)
RU (1) RU2124391C1 (es)

Families Citing this family (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH078926B2 (ja) * 1989-12-07 1995-02-01 ダイキン工業株式会社 ポリテトラフルオロエチレン複層多孔膜の製造方法
CA2074349C (en) * 1991-07-23 2004-04-20 Shinji Tamaru Polytetrafluoroethylene porous film and preparation and use thereof
JPH07507014A (ja) * 1992-03-13 1995-08-03 アトリウム　メディカル　コーポレイション 制御された多孔度の膨張ポリテトラフルオロエチレン製品及び二次加工
CN1042498C (zh) * 1993-01-25 1999-03-17 大金工业株式会社 聚四氟乙烯多孔膜及其制造方法
AT399882B (de) * 1993-11-03 1995-08-25 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Monoaxial verstreckter formkörper aus polytetrafluorethylen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE4436495A1 (de) * 1994-10-12 1996-04-18 Gore W L & Ass Gmbh Verfahren zur Abdichtung von Schuhen im Sohlenbereich
DE19544912A1 (de) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-05 Gore W L & Ass Gmbh PTFE-Körper aus mikroporösem Polytetrafluorethylen mit Füllstoff und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
RU2203685C2 (ru) * 2001-06-26 2003-05-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственный комплекс "Экофлон" Имплантат для восстановительной хирургии
ATE452930T1 (de) * 2001-11-21 2010-01-15 Porex Corp Diskrete hydrophil-hydrophobe poröse materialien und herstellungsverfahren dafür
SE526237C2 (sv) * 2003-12-23 2005-08-02 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Metod och anordning för att förse ett substrat med ett beläggningsskikt av ett polymert material
US7524445B2 (en) * 2004-12-31 2009-04-28 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Method for making ePTFE and structure containing such ePTFE, such as a vascular graft
US8778525B2 (en) * 2005-08-25 2014-07-15 Toray Battery Separator Film Co., Ltd Multi-layer, microporous polyethylene membrane, battery separator formed thereby and battery
JP5204384B2 (ja) * 2006-05-19 2013-06-05 富士フイルム株式会社 結晶性ポリマー微孔性膜とその製造方法、および濾過用フィルター
US8695812B2 (en) * 2007-07-18 2014-04-15 Nitto Denko Corporation Water-proof sound-transmitting membrane, method for producing water-proof sound-transmitting membrane, and electrical appliance using the membrane
JP5658860B2 (ja) * 2008-05-12 2015-01-28 日東電工株式会社 ポリテトラフルオロエチレン多孔質膜およびその製造方法ならびに濾材
US20100086767A1 (en) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-08 General Electric Company Processes For Producing Multilayer Polytetrafluoroethylene Articles And Articles Formed Therefrom
BRPI0921970A2 (pt) * 2008-11-21 2018-06-05 3M Innovative Properties Co membrana microporosa e método para sua formação.
CN101967694B (zh) * 2010-09-21 2012-04-11 浙江格尔泰斯环保特材科技有限公司 聚四氟乙烯纤维的制造方法
CN103270108B (zh) * 2010-12-21 2016-04-20 大金工业株式会社 拉伸材料
JP2013101776A (ja) * 2011-11-07 2013-05-23 Nitto Denko Corp 絶縁層被覆電線
CN103285747B (zh) * 2013-04-11 2015-01-07 安吉县盛丰玻璃纤维有限公司 一种过滤用立体ptfe微孔膜及其制备方法
CN103224019B (zh) * 2013-04-24 2015-05-27 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 一种直升机座舱罩风挡玻璃定位垫的制造方法
JP2015182227A (ja) * 2014-03-20 2015-10-22 日本碍子株式会社 ハニカム成形体の製造方法およびハニカム構造体の製造方法
CN105983352B (zh) * 2015-02-16 2018-05-15 上海灵氟隆新材料科技有限公司 一种高通量厚型聚四氟乙烯膜及其制备方法
EP4234230B1 (en) * 2016-12-09 2026-04-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Polymeric multilayer film
CN108434862A (zh) * 2018-03-06 2018-08-24 深圳市中建南方环境股份有限公司 一种抗酸碱可清洗滤料的制备方法
CN109574148A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-05 广州市世来至福科技有限公司 净水过滤设备及方法
CN111375313A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2020-07-07 中煤（北京）环保工程有限公司 过滤设备和过滤方法
CN109694133B (zh) * 2019-02-28 2021-10-29 广州市世来至福科技有限公司 废水处理方法及其采用的十字流膜生物反应器超滤系统
CN110982203B (zh) * 2019-12-19 2021-11-12 施柏德（厦门）科技有限公司 一种ptfe多孔材料、制备方法及其制品与应用
CN112023715A (zh) * 2020-08-26 2020-12-04 北京中科沃特膜科技有限公司 一种高孔隙率的聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜制备方法
CN112549406A (zh) * 2020-11-23 2021-03-26 德清新源恒塑料科技有限公司 一种高效率聚四氟乙烯挤出板设备
CN113910643B (zh) * 2021-10-08 2024-08-27 泰州市晨光塑业有限公司 一种光滑防粘特氟龙活化膜生产方法及系统
CN116063809B (zh) * 2021-11-01 2024-08-06 中国石油化工股份有限公司 高透气性除菌用聚四氟乙烯纤维膜材料及其制备方法和应用
CN115850888B (zh) * 2022-12-22 2024-06-14 广东生益科技股份有限公司 一种含氟树脂基组合物及其应用

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US4385093A (en) * 1980-11-06 1983-05-24 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Multi-component, highly porous, high strength PTFE article and method for manufacturing same
JPS58145735A (ja) * 1982-02-22 1983-08-30 Daikin Ind Ltd ポリテトラフルオロエチレン多孔体の製造方法
JPS60181289A (ja) * 1984-02-27 1985-09-14 Japan Goatetsukusu Kk ガス拡散電極用材料
US4863604A (en) * 1987-02-05 1989-09-05 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Microporous asymmetric polyfluorocarbon membranes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0437721B1 (en) 1994-12-07
RU2124391C1 (ru) 1999-01-10
DE69014853D1 (de) 1995-01-19
CA2031808A1 (en) 1991-06-08
PL288122A1 (en) 1991-08-26
KR0150642B1 (ko) 1998-10-01
CN1052797A (zh) 1991-07-10
AU626185B2 (en) 1992-07-23
DE69014853T2 (de) 1995-05-04
BR9006234A (pt) 1991-09-24
CN1029201C (zh) 1995-07-05
AU6784590A (en) 1991-06-13
KR910011467A (ko) 1991-08-07
EP0437721A1 (en) 1991-07-24
CA2031808C (en) 2002-01-22

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