ES2295041T3 - Dispositivo de mordazas paralelas expansibles para un dispositivo accionador electromecanico. - Google Patents
Dispositivo de mordazas paralelas expansibles para un dispositivo accionador electromecanico. Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Un accesorio de fijación y corte (20) para uso con un dispositivo de accionamiento electromecánico para cortar y fijar una sección de tejido, incluyendo: una primera mordaza (80) que tiene un eje longitudinal; una segunda mordaza (50) dispuesta en correspondencia paralela y opuesta con la primera mordaza (80); y un primer eje rotativo (150) que puede girar alrededor de un eje longitudinal; caracterizado porque el eje longitudinal del primer eje rotativo (150) está dispuesto en paralelo al eje longitudinal de la primera mordaza (80), el primer eje rotativo (150) está acoplado a la primera mordaza (80) y está adaptado para hacer que la primera mordaza (80) avance linealmente en una dirección perpendicular al eje longitudinal manteniendo al mismo tiempo la correspondencia paralela entre las mordazas primera y segunda (80), (50).
Description
Dispositivo de mordazas paralelas expansibles
para un dispositivo accionador electromecánico.
La presente invención se refiere en general a un
accesorio para un dispositivo electromecánico para uso con
herramientas quirúrgicas de anastomosis, grapado y resección, y más
específicamente a un dispositivo de grapado y resección que se
puede unir y servir como una extensión de un dispositivo accionador
electromecánico, y muy específicamente a las mordazas paralelas de
expansión y sus mecanismos.
US-A-5433721
describe un accesorio de fijación y corte según el preámbulo de la
reivindicación 1. Después de la identificación de tejido canceroso
y otro tejido anómalo en el tracto gastrointestinal, a menudo se
prescribe una intervención quirúrgica. El campo de la cirugía del
cáncer, y más específicamente, el procedimiento quirúrgico por el
que se extirpa una sección del tracto gastrointestinal que incluye
tejido canceroso, incluye varios instrumentos diseñados de forma
única. En combinación con una descripción de la instrumentación
presente y sus funciones se ofrecerá también una descripción del
estado de la técnica en este procedimiento quirúrgico.
La primera cuestión que debe ser contestada al
determinar cómo tratar cáncer del tracto gastrointestinal se
refiere a la posición específica del tejido canceroso. Ésta es muy
importante en la medida en que los instrumentos propios de la
técnica presente tienen limitaciones relativas a la distancia en que
se pueden introducir en el tracto gastrointestinal. Si el tejido
canceroso está demasiado hacia arriba o hacia abajo del tracto
gastrointestinal, entonces la instrumentación estándar
proporcionada es inutilizable, de modo que se precisan adaptaciones
especiales. Estas adaptaciones aumentan generalmente el riesgo de
contaminación de los tejidos circundantes con contenido del
intestino, aumentar la longitud de la cirugía y la correspondiente
necesidad de anestesia, y eliminan los beneficios de la anastomosis
y el grapado exactos que derivan de la utilización de un dispositivo
mecanizado.
Más específicamente, en el caso de que el tejido
canceroso esté situado en una posición en el colon que es accesible
por la instrumentación presente, se abre inicialmente el abdomen del
paciente para exponer el intestino. El cirujano corta entonces el
tubo del colon a ambos lados del tejido canceroso, mientras que
cierra simultáneamente con grapas los dos extremos abiertos del
intestino (el extremo distal que se dirige hacia el ano, y el
extremo próximo que está más próximo al intestino inferior). Este
cierre temporal se realiza con el fin de minimizar la
contaminación. El instrumento lineal de corte y grapado que se usa
en la técnica anterior se representa en vista en perspectiva en la
figura 1.
Más en concreto, este cierre temporal se logra
cuando el colon se coloca entre los elementos cortantes en la punta
del instrumento lineal de corte y grapado. Oprimiendo el gatillo
situado en el mango del dispositivo, el cirujano hace que los
elementos cortantes se junten. Entonces se acciona un segundo
gatillo (o una acción secundaria del mismo gatillo) para accionar
una serie de grapas y una cuchilla de corte a través del extremo
fijo del colon, cerrando por ello y cortando transversalmente los
extremos.
Después del sellar de los dos extremos distal y
próximo opuestos, el cirujano crea un pequeño agujero en el extremo
próximo del intestino e inserta la porción de yunque extraíble de un
instrumento de anastomosis y grapado. Este paso, así como los del
resto del procedimiento quirúrgico, están relacionados con el
funcionamiento de este instrumento quirúrgico que se representa en
vista en perspectiva en la figura 2. Más en concreto, el cirujano
comienza tomando el instrumento y girando manualmente el dial en la
base del mango haciendo que la cabeza del yunque en el extremo
opuesto avance hacia adelante. El cirujano continúa girando el dial
hasta que la cabeza del yunque avanza a su posición extendida más
extrema. Este giro manual requiere casi treinta rotaciones
completas. Una vez que está completamente extendida, la cabeza del
yunque del instrumento se desacopla de él y se introduce en el
extremo expuesto próximo de tal manera que el poste de acoplamiento
se extienda hacia fuera a su través. Como se ha descrito
anteriormente, este extremo próximo se cierra entonces grapándolo.
El eje de extensión del instrumento de anastomosis y grapado se
introduce entonces y avanza al colon inferior, transanalmente,
hasta que su vástago de acoplamiento se extiende a través del
extremo distal grapado. El cirujano une entonces los extremos de
acoplamiento del yunque y el eje conjuntamente y comienza a girar
manualmente el dial en el mango de nuevo, aproximando esta vez la
cabeza del yunque a la punta del eje.
Una vez que la cabeza del yunque y el eje se
cierran conjuntamente, después de que el cirujano ha girado
manualmente el dial otras treinta veces, se acciona manualmente un
gatillo del tipo de empuñadura en el mango. Este accionamiento hace
que una cuchilla circular avance axialmente saliendo de la punta del
eje, y contacte con la cara opuesta del yunque. La cuchilla realiza
un corte a través de los extremos cerrados con grapas de los
extremos próximo y distal del colon, cortando también por ello un
nuevo par de extremos de las porciones próxima y distal del colon.
El tejido que ha sido cortado se mantiene en un volumen interior en
el extremo del eje.
En el paso de bloqueo con el corte, los extremos
recién abiertos se unen conjuntamente con una serie de grapas que
se avanzan a través de agujeros en el perímetro de la punta del eje
(empujándose contra y cerrándose por la cara opuesta del yunque).
El eje y el yunque acoplados se retiran entonces del paciente.
Más en concreto, con respecto a las
características estructurales del instrumento de grapado lineal de
la técnica anterior que se representa en la figura 1, el
dispositivo incluye una estructura del tipo de empuñadura de
pistola que tiene un eje alargado y una porción distal. La porción
distal incluye un par de elementos de agarre del tipo de tijeras
que fijan los extremos abiertos del colon cerrado. De hecho,
solamente uno de los dos elementos de agarre del tipo de tijeras,
la porción de yunque, se mueve (pivota) con relación a la estructura
general; el otro permanece fijo. El accionamiento de estos medios
de tijeras (el pivote de la porción de yunque) es controlado por
medio de un gatillo mantenido en el mango. Se han descrito
diferentes medios para sujetar cerradas las puntas de los brazos de
corte, incluyendo resortes, clips, aros y otros.
Además de los medios de corte, la porción distal
también incluye un mecanismo de grapado. El elemento no móvil del
mecanismo de corte con tijeras incluye una región de recepción de
cartucho de grapas y un mecanismo para mover las grapas hacia
arriba a través del extremo fijo del colon, contra la porción de
yunque, sellando por ello el extremo previamente abierto. Los
elementos cortantes pueden estar formados integralmente con el eje,
o pueden ser soltables de tal manera que varios elementos de corte y
grapado puedan ser intercambiables.
Más en concreto, con respecto a las
características estructurales del instrumento de anastomosis y
grapado de la técnica anterior que se representa en la figura 2, el
dispositivo incluye una porción de yunque, una porción de grapa,
cuchilla y depósito, una porción de eje, y una porción de mango. La
porción de yunque, que se puede extraer selectivamente de la punta
del eje, tiene forma de bala, que tiene una porción superior
despuntada, una superficie de soporte de corte plana en la parte
inferior, y un poste de acoplamiento que se extiende axialmente de
la superficie inferior.
La porción de grapa, cuchilla y depósito
(porción SBR) del instrumento están dispuestas en el extremo distal
del instrumento, e incluyen un vástago de acoplamiento
selectivamente avanzable y retráctil para recibir selectivamente la
porción de yunque encima. Esta acción del vástago de acoplamiento la
realiza un eje roscado y mecanismo sinfín montado en el mango
(descrito más plenamente más adelante). La porción SBR es de forma
cilíndrica, formando un alojamiento que tiene un interior hueco.
Este interior hueco es el que forma el depósito. La cuchilla es
igualmente cilíndrica, y asienta en el interior del alojamiento,
contra su pared interior. La cuchilla se puede avanzar
selectivamente axialmente hacia fuera del alojamiento, según el
accionamiento de un mecanismo de disparo del mango (de nuevo,
descrito más plenamente más adelante). En la superficie que mira
axialmente hacia fuera de la pared cilíndrica del alojamiento hay
una serie de orificios de grapa, a través de los que se descargan
las grapas del dispositivo. El mismo accionamiento que mueve la
cuchilla hacia delante, mueve igualmente una serie de accionadores
de grapa hacia adelante dentro de las paredes cilíndricas. Más
exactamente, el accionador de grapas es un componente cilíndrico
que tiene una serie de protuberancias en su extremo axial, estando
colocadas las protuberancias según la distribución de grapas y
agujeros. Las grapas, anterior a siendo descargado, están montados
en los agujeros; y se avanzan a través de los agujeros por la acción
del accionador de grapas y sus protuberancias.
La porción de eje del instrumento es una
estructura extendida rígida simple prevista como una envuelta para
un par de vástagos alargados. La primera varilla está acoplada al
mecanismo sinfín introducido anteriormente, y descrito más
plenamente más adelante con respecto a la porción de mango, y son
los medios por los que la porción de yunque y el vástago de
acoplamiento de la porción SBR se avanzan y retiran selectivamente.
La segunda varilla está acoplada al gatillo del mango en un extremo
(también introducido anteriormente, y descrito más plenamente más
adelante) y a la cuchilla y accionador de grapas en el otro extremo.
La envuelta protege al paciente y el instrumento cuando se avanza
transanalmente al colon. Sin embargo, la naturaleza de los
mecanismos de accionamiento requiere que el eje sea rígido. Esta
rigidez limita la longitud del eje, y la combinación, es decir la
longitud y rigidez del instrumento, estas características limitan
las secciones del colon que pueden ser tratadas usando este
dispositivo.
El mango de este instrumento de la técnica
anterior incluye una estructura del tipo de empuñadura de pistola
que tiene un dial rotativo en el tope (es decir el extremo enfrente
del accesorio de la porción de eje con el mango) y gatillo de
accionamiento con el dedo. El gatillo incluye un mecanismo de
seguridad que evita físicamente el accionamiento a no ser que se
saque de la posición de interferencia. El dial rotativo está
acoplado de forma accionable a un mecanismo sinfín que se usa para
avanzar la primera varilla de la porción de eje (avanzando por ello
el vástago de acoplamiento y el yunque). El gatillo funciona como
una palanca básica para empujar la segunda varilla hacia adelante
dentro del eje, avanzando por ello la cuchilla y el accionador de
grapas.
Como sucede con muchos de tales dispositivos de
la técnica anterior, todos estos dispositivos se consideran
completamente desechable, y, de hecho, se tiran después de un solo
uso. Son dispositivos complicados, que tienen múltiples partes
móviles, requiriendo una integridad estructural sustancial y, por lo
tanto, gasto de fabricación. El hecho de que solamente se utilicen
una vez, y ninguna parte pueda ser usada de nuevo hacen que el uso
de tales dispositivos sea caro y un desperdicio de recursos.
Además de este fallo, como se puede observar
fácilmente por las descripciones anteriores, los dispositivos de la
técnica anterior tienen otras muchas limitaciones que sería deseable
superar. Éstas incluyen el eje rígido y de longitud limitada de los
dispositivos, así como el requisito de que el cirujano accione
manualmente todos los elementos y funciones.
Por lo tanto, un objeto principal de la presente
invención es proporcionar un instrumento para resecar y grapar
tejido gastrointestinal durante cirugía de colon, que reduce el
desperdicio de recursos permitiendo el uso como un accesorio de un
dispositivo accionador electromecánico.
Otro objeto de la presente invención es
proporcionar un instrumento conjunto que reduce los requisitos de
que el cirujano accione manualmente diferentes componentes y
mecanismos.
Otro objeto de la presente invención es
proporcionar un mecanismo de resección y grapado que puede estar
integrado con otros dispositivos electromecánicos en un accesorio
para uso con un dispositivo accionador electromecánico.
Otros objetos de la presente invención se
apreciarán por la descripción del mismo que se ofrece más adelante,
y en la descripción detallada de la realización preferida en unión
con las figuras restantes.
Los objetos anteriores de la invención se logran
en virtud de un accesorio electromecánico de resección y grapado
que se puede acoplar y accionar a distancia por un dispositivo
accionador electromecánico. En particular, el accesorio incluye un
par de mordazas de expansión lineal para fijar entre ellas la
sección seleccionada de tejido gastrointestinal, expandiéndose y
cerrándose dichas mordazas en una disposición paralela. Más en
concreto, el mecanismo de fijación lineal del accesorio se usa para
fijar primero la sección de colon, y para mantener posteriormente
el colon en posición cuando una cuchilla se extiende a lo largo de
una pista en la mordaza inferior del accesorio de fijación para
cortar la sección de intestino, y posteriormente mueve una serie de
grapas a través de los dos extremos abiertos de modo que el
contenido del intestino no pueda caer a la región circundante del
abdomen. Este accesorio, y otros necesarios para llevar a cabo el
resto de la cirugía, están acoplados a un accionador
electromecánico que se describe más completamente más adelante.
Más en concreto, con respecto al accionador
electromecánico, el accionador tiene un mango y un eje de
accionamiento flexible. El mango tiene un diseño en forma de
empuñadura de pistola, que tiene un par de gatillos de dedo
acoplados independientemente a motores separados que giran ejes de
accionamiento flexibles separados (descritos más plenamente más
adelante). Los motores son motores de dos direcciones, y están
acoplados a un interruptor de accionamiento manual montado en la
parte superior del mango, por lo que el usuario puede alterar
selectivamente la dirección de giro de cada motor. Esta capacidad
de dirección doble se puede lograr de forma muy simple
seleccionando motores que giren en una dirección correspondiente a
la dirección de la corriente, y el accionamiento de los
interruptores de accionamiento altera consiguientemente la dirección
de la corriente. En este ejemplo, la fuente de potencia que
alimenta los motores debe ser una fuente de corriente continua, tal
como un paquete de batería (y muy deseablemente, un paquete de
batería recargable). En el caso de que el dispositivo deba poder
utilizarse con corriente alterna, se puede incluir un transformador
o se puede prever otro conjunto de engranajes intermedio
sofisticado. En unión con la presente descripción, las realizaciones
de la presente invención a describir utilizan un paquete de batería
recargable que suministra corriente continua.
Además de los componentes del motor, el mango
incluye además otros varios elementos, incluyendo: (1) un indicador
de estado remoto; (2) unos medios de dirección de eje; y (3) al
menos una fuente de alimentación eléctrica adicional. En primer
lugar, el indicador de estado remoto puede incluir una LCD (o un
dispositivo de lectura similar) por la que el usuario puede conocer
la posición de los componentes (por ejemplo si un elemento de
fijación está en la posición apropiada antes del movimiento de las
grapas). En segundo lugar, el mango también incluye unos medios de
dirección accionables manualmente, por ejemplo, un joystick o bola,
para dirigir el movimiento del eje flexible (por medio de alambres
de guía implantados en la porción de eje descrita más plenamente
más adelante). Finalmente, el mango puede incluir una fuente de
alimentación eléctrica adicional y un interruptor de
encendido-apagado para suministrar selectivamente
corriente eléctrica a los accesorios.
Más en concreto, con respecto al eje flexible,
el eje incluye una envuelta tubular, formada preferiblemente de un
material elastomérico simple que es compatible con el tejido y que
sea esterilizable (es decir, que sea suficientemente resistente al
autoclave). Se puede prever varias longitudes de este eje en el
accesorio de la presente invención. En este caso, el eje flexible y
las porciones del mango deberán ser separables. Si son separables,
la interface entre el extremo próximo del eje y el extremo distal
del mango deberá incluir unos medios de acoplamiento para los
componentes de accionamiento. Con relación específica a los
componentes de accionamiento del eje, dentro de la envuelta
elastomérica hay un par de tubos fijos más pequeños que contienen
un eje de accionamiento flexible que es capaz de girar dentro del
tubo. El eje de accionamiento flexible, propiamente dicho, debe ser
capaz simplemente de trasladar el par del motor en el mango al
extremo distal del eje, siendo todavía suficientemente flexible
para flexionarse, inclinarse, curvarse, etc, cuando el cirujano
considere necesario "pasarlo" a través del intestino del
paciente. Por ejemplo, los ejes de accionamiento pueden incluir un
cable de fibra de acero tejida. Se apreciará que otros ejes de
accionamiento pueden ser adecuados para esta finalidad. Sin
embargo, para acoplar el extremo distal del eje de accionamiento con
un accesorio, tal como el dispositivo de fijación y grapado de la
presente invención (como se describe más plenamente más adelante),
las puntas distales de los ejes de accionamiento deben tener una
forma que permita la traslación continuada de par. Por ejemplo, las
puntas distales de los ejes de accionamiento pueden ser hexagonales,
encajando por ello en un rebaje hexagonal en la interface de
acoplamiento del accesorio. Como se ha sugerido anteriormente, en
unión con los medios de dirección accionables montados manualmente
en el mango, la envuelta incluye además al menos dos alambres de
guía que son flexibles, pero están acoplados a la superficie
interior de la envuelta cerca de su extremo distal. Los alambres de
guía se pueden trasladar axialmente uno con relación a otro por el
accionamiento de los medios de dirección, acción que hace que la
envuelta se flexione y curve consiguientemente. Además, como se ha
sugerido anteriormente, en unión con el indicador LCD del mango, el
eje contiene además un cable eléctrico para acoplamiento a los
accesorios. Este cable eléctrico lleva una señal del accesorio al
mango para indicar el estado del accesorio (por ejemplo, si está
puesta una función de fijación). Igualmente, se puede prever un
segundo cable eléctrico para suministrar corriente a aspectos
separados del accesorio si es preciso (por ejemplo, como se
describirá más completamente con respecto al accesorio de resección
y grapado lineal, se puede prever el uso de un cierre hermético
electromagnético selectivamente enganchable para asegurar la
fijación continuada a través del proceso de grapado y requerir
potencia suministrada selectivamente desde la fuente de
alimentación del mango).
Más en concreto, con respecto al accesorio
lineal de resección, fijación y grapado que es la materia específica
de esta invención, el accesorio está montado con dos extensiones de
accionamiento, que funcionan en la operación como extensiones de
los ejes de accionamiento flexibles del accionador electromecánico.
Es decir, cuando el accesorio está acoplado al accionador
electromecánico, las extensiones de accionamiento están en
comunicación mecánica con los ejes de accionamiento flexibles de
tal manera que la activación de los motores del eje de
accionamiento active las extensiones de accionamiento dentro del
accesorio lineal de fijación, corte y grapado. La primera extensión
de accionamiento permite la extensión paralela y el cierre de las
mordazas del dispositivo, que forman un mecanismo de fijación
lineal, mientras que la segunda extensión de accionamiento permite
un mecanismo de corte y grapado. Más en concreto, el mecanismo de
fijación lineal incluye un sistema de mordazas separables por el
que una mordaza superior se sube para poder colocar el tejido del
intestino entremedio, y posteriormente las mordazas se cierran para
llevar a cabo una fijación. En una primera realización, la primera
extensión de accionamiento engancha un par de ejes verticales
roscados que suben o bajan la mordaza superior dependiendo de la
dirección de giro del motor correspondiente en el accionador
electromecánico. En una segunda realización, la primera extensión
de accionamiento incluye solamente un solo mecanismo de engranaje
inclinado montado en el extremo del eje rotativo horizontal (que
está acoplado a uno de los ejes de giro del accionador
electromagnético). Este mecanismo de engranaje produce la rotación
vertical de un eje roscado en el que la mordaza superior está
montada por separado. En ambas realizaciones, cuando se cierran las
mordazas, un par de electrodos sensores dispuestos en las mordazas
entran en contacto y por ello completan un circuito sensor que
alerta al cirujano de que es seguro o apropiado activar el mecanismo
de resección y grapado y/o activa automáticamente el mecanismo de
resección y grapado.
En cada una de estas realizaciones, el segundo
accionador hace que una cuchilla deslice a lo largo de una pista en
la mordaza inferior, cuchilla que corta el intestino, dejando
brevemente abiertos dos extremos. Casi simultáneamente con el
corte, un mecanismo de grapado mueve una serie de grapas hacia
arriba a través del agujero en la mordaza inferior, hacia la
mordaza superior, a través de los extremos abiertos, cerrando por
ello los segmentos de intestino. Esta acción de grapado tiene lugar
casi simultáneamente con el corte en parte porque la cuchilla es
contigua a un mecanismo de grapado de la presente invención.
Este mecanismo de grapado comienza con una
bandeja sustituible de grapas abiertas que se pone dentro de la
mordaza inferior, teniendo la bandeja dos filas de grapas separadas
a lo largo del eje largo de la mordaza de modo que la cuchilla
pueda pasar entre las filas. La cara opuesta de la mordaza superior
incluye un conjunto de guías de grapa correspondientes, de tal
manera que cuando el mecanismo de fijación lineal esté en una
posición cerrada, las grapas abiertas estén inmediatamente enfrente
de las guías de grapa correspondientes. Este mecanismo incluye un
sistema de empuje de cuña por el que, una vez que el mecanismo de
fijación lineal está en una posición cerrada, la cuchilla y una
cuña cabalgan conjuntamente en un canal debajo de la bandeja de
grapas abiertas, y las grapas son empujadas hacia arriba hacia las
guías de grapa, a través del intestino. Más en concreto, cuando la
cuña se mueve a través del canal, una superficie inclinada de la
cuña empuja las grapas abiertas contra las guías de grapa
correspondientes, cerrando por ello las grapas. Después de cerrar
las grapas, la cuña es empujada de nuevo a través del canal. El
primer mecanismo de accionamiento es el que levanta y separa las
mordazas en paralelo; y el segundo mecanismo de accionamiento es el
que empuja o tira del mecanismo de cuña y cuchilla a través del
canal. La dirección de los mecanismos primero y segundo está
relacionada únicamente con la operación remota del accionador, y la
dirección de giro correspondiente de los ejes, del accionador
electromecánico.
La figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva de un
mecanismo lineal de fijación, corte y grapado de la técnica
anterior.
La figura 2 es una vista en perspectiva de un
mecanismo de anastomosis y grapado de la técnica anterior.
Las figuras 3 y 4 son vistas laterales de las
posiciones cerrada y abierta, respectivamente, de un accesorio
lineal de fijación, corte y grapado que es un aspecto de la presente
invención.
Las figuras 5 y 6 son vistas laterales cortadas
de las posiciones cerrada y abierta, respectivamente, del accesorio
lineal de fijación, corte y grapado representado en las figuras
3-4 que es un aspecto de la presente invención.
Las figuras 7-14 son vistas
posteriores en varios planos cortados del accesorio lineal de
fijación, corte y grapado representado en las figuras
3-6 que es un aspecto de la presente invención.
Las figuras 15-19 son vistas
inferior, superior cortada, superior cortada profunda, inferior
cortada, y superior, respectivamente, del accesorio lineal de
fijación, corte y grapado representado en las figuras
3-14 que es un aspecto de la presente
invención.
La figura 20 es una vista lateral cortada del
accesorio lineal de fijación, corte y grapado representado en las
figuras 3-19 que es un aspecto de la presente
invención.
En las figuras 3-20 se ilustra
una realización preferida del accesorio de resección y grapado que
tiene mordazas de expansión que permanecen paralelas, según la
presente invención. Más en concreto, con referencia ahora a las
figuras 3, 4 y 15, un mecanismo de fijación lineal y un mecanismo de
grapado y corte según la presente invención se representan como
parte de un accesorio lineal de fijación, corte y grapado 20. Con
referencia ahora también a las figuras 5 y 6, en esta realización
preferida, el mecanismo de fijación lineal incluye un sistema de
mordazas paralelas separables incluyendo una mordaza inferior 50 y
una mordaza superior 80 que tiene un extremo próximo 100. Con
referencia ahora también a las figuras 9, 13, 16 y 19, el extremo
próximo 100 de la mordaza superior 80 tiene un par de agujeros
verticales roscados 90, a través de los que se extiende un par
correspondiente de ejes verticales 130. Las roscas interiores 92 de
los agujeros verticales 90 coinciden con las roscas exteriores 132
de los ejes verticales 130. Con referencia ahora también a las
figuras 8 y 12, los ejes verticales 130 enganchan un eje horizontal
superior roscado 150 en un extremo distal 140 del eje horizontal
superior 150. Roscas exteriores 152 del eje horizontal superior 150
enclavan con las roscas exteriores 132 de los ejes verticales 130.
Con referencia ahora a las figuras 5-7 y 11, el eje
horizontal superior 150 tiene en un extremo próximo 170 un
casquillo de accionamiento superior 180.
Con referencia a las figuras
5-8, 11, 12, 16 y 19, el mecanismo lineal de
fijación y corte incluye además un primer electrodo sensor 182 que
comunica eléctricamente mediante hilos de comunicación (no
representados) con un primer adaptador de contacto 187 (mejor
representado en las figuras 8, 12, 16 y 19) que a su vez comunica
eléctricamente con un segundo adaptador de contacto 189 (mejor
representado en las figuras 14 y 17) mediante contacto directo, que
comunica eléctricamente mediante hilos de comunicación (no
representados) con un primer nodo de contacto 188 (mejor
representado en las figuras 7, 11 y 15). Igualmente, el mecanismo de
fijación lineal incluye además un segundo electrodo sensor 184 que
comunica eléctricamente mediante hilos de comunicación (no
representados) con un segundo nodo de contacto 186 (mejor
representado en las figuras 7, 11 y 15). Los nodos de contacto 186,
188 comunican eléctricamente con hilos de comunicación (no
representados) en el componente de accionamiento electromecánico
(no representado) para formar un circuito sensor, de tal manera que
cuando la mordaza superior 80 y la mordaza inferior 50 estén
fijadas conjuntamente, los electrodos sensores 182, 184 estén en
contacto, el circuito sensor esté cerrado, y el cirujano sea avisado
mediante otros componentes de circuito (no representados) de la
posición fija de las mordazas 50, 80, y por lo tanto sea informado
de que es seguro y/o apropiado activar el mecanismo de grapado.
Además, en esta realización preferida, y con
referencia ahora a las figuras 5, 6, 10, 14, 18 y 20, el mecanismo
de corte y grapado incluye un sistema de empuje de cuña incluyendo
en la mordaza inferior 50 una bandeja sustituible 220 que aloja uno
o más vástagos de fijación, o grapas 230, y en la mordaza superior
80 uno o más guías de grapa 240 correspondientes a las grapas 230.
Cada una de las grapas 230 tiene un tope 232 que sobresale debajo
de la bandeja 220, y un par de dientes 234 que se extienden a la
parte superior de la bandeja 220. Con referencia ahora también a
las figuras 9, 13 y 17, el sistema de empuje de cuña incluye además
una guía de cuña o canal 250 que se extiende debajo de la bandeja
220. Dentro del canal 250 se extiende un eje horizontal inferior
roscado 260 que tiene roscas exteriores 262. Sobre el eje horizontal
inferior 260 avanza una cuña 270 que tiene una cara superior
inclinada 280, un agujero horizontal roscado 290 (mejor representado
en las figuras 9 y 12) coaxial con el canal 250, que tiene roscas
interiores 292 que coinciden con las roscas exteriores 262 del eje
horizontal inferior roscado 260, y un elemento de cuchilla que se
extiende hacia arriba 51. Con referencia ahora a las figuras 5, 6,
7 y 11, el eje horizontal inferior 260 tiene un segundo casquillo de
accionamiento 310 en un extremo próximo 300.
En la operación, después de que el cirujano ha
localizado el tejido canceroso o anómalo en el tracto
gastrointestinal, abre inicialmente el abdomen del paciente para
exponer el intestino. Utilizando el accionamiento remoto
proporcionado por el conjunto accionador electromecánico, el
cirujano mueve las mordazas superior e inferior del accesorio
lineal de corte y grapado a la posición abierta. El cirujano coloca
entonces el tubo del intestino en un lado adyacente al tejido
canceroso entre las mordazas de expansión paralelas. De nuevo, por
accionamiento remoto, el cirujano hace que el mecanismo de
accionamiento superior enganche a la inversa, y la mordaza superior
se cierra, en una alineación paralela, sobre el intestino y la
mordaza inferior. Una vez que el intestino ha sido fijado
suficientemente, el cirujano engancha el segundo mecanismo de
accionamiento, que hace que la cuchilla y accionador de grapas de
cuña avancen simultáneamente, cortando y grapando por ello el
intestino. El cirujano repite entonces este paso en el otro lado
del tejido canceroso, extirpando por ello la sección de intestino
conteniendo el tejido canceroso, que se grapa en ambos extremos para
evitar que el material del intestino pase al abdomen abierto.
Más en concreto, el accesorio lineal de
fijación, corte y grapado está acoplado al casquillo de unión (no
representado) del componente accionador electromecánico (no
representado) de tal manera que el casquillo de accionamiento
superior 180 enganche el eje de accionamiento flexible
correspondiente (no representado) del componente accionador
electromecánico (no representado) y el segundo casquillo de
accionamiento 310 engancha el eje de accionamiento flexible
correspondiente (no representado) del componente accionador
electromecánico (no representado). Así, la rotación del eje
horizontal superior 150 se efectúa por la rotación del casquillo de
accionamiento superior 180 que se lleva a cabo por la rotación del
eje de accionamiento flexible correspondiente (no representado) del
componente accionador electromecánico (no representado). La rotación
hacia la derecha o hacia la izquierda se logra dependiendo de la
dirección del motor responsable (no representado). Igualmente, la
rotación del eje horizontal inferior 260 se efectúa mediante la
rotación del segundo casquillo de accionamiento 310 que se efectúa
por la rotación del eje de accionamiento flexible correspondiente
(no representado) del componente accionador electromecánico (no
representado). De nuevo, la rotación hacia la derecha o hacia la
izquierda se logra dependiendo de la dirección del motor responsable
(no representado).
Para fijar los extremos expuestos del intestino,
el cirujano activa en primer lugar el motor superior 400
correspondiente al eje de accionamiento flexible superior 410 que
engancha el casquillo de accionamiento superior 180 en el extremo
próximo 170 del eje horizontal superior 150, haciendo por ello que
el eje horizontal superior 150 gire en rotación hacia la derecha.
Cuando el accesorio lineal de fijación y grapado está en un estado
inicial cerrado como se representa en la figura 3, esta rotación
hacia la derecha del eje horizontal superior 150 hace que las
roscas exteriores 152 del eje horizontal superior 150 enganchen las
roscas exteriores 132 de los ejes verticales 130, haciendo por ello
que los ejes verticales 130 giren en rotación hacia la derecha.
Esta rotación hacia la derecha de los ejes verticales 130 hace que
las roscas exteriores 132 de los ejes verticales 130 entren dentro
de las roscas interiores 92 de los agujeros verticales 90, haciendo
por ello que la mordaza superior 80 suba de forma continua, en una
alineación paralela con la mordaza inferior fijada, y empezando a
separarse de la mordaza inferior 50. La operación continua del motor
de esta manera coloca eventualmente el accesorio lineal de fijación
y grapado en un estado abierto, proporcionando un espacio entre la
mordaza superior 80 y la mordaza inferior 50, como se representa en
la figura 4. Una vez que el accesorio lineal de fijación y grapado
está en este estado abierto, el cirujano tiene acceso a la bandeja
220 de grapas 230, y puede comprobar que las grapas 230 están
preparadas para el procedimiento y/o sustituir la bandeja 220 por
una bandeja más adecuada 220. Una vez que el cirujano ha verificado
que la bandeja 220 está preparada y en posición, el cirujano pone
el extremo distal abierto del colon entre la mordaza superior 80 y
mordaza inferior 50. A continuación, el cirujano invierte el motor
superior 400 de manera que realice una rotación hacia la izquierda
del eje horizontal superior 150, que a su vez efectúa una rotación
hacia la izquierda de los ejes verticales 130, que a su vez lleva a
cabo una bajada de la mordaza superior 80, también en alineación
paralela continua. La operación continua del motor superior 400 de
esta manera devuelve eventualmente el accesorio lineal de fijación
y grapado a un estado cerrado, donde el extremo distal del intestino
está fijado entre la mordaza superior 80 y la mordaza inferior 40,
con una pequeña porción del extremo distal del intestino
extendiéndose lateralmente más allá de la mordaza superior 80 y la
mordaza inferior 50.
Una vez que el extremo distal del intestino está
fijado como se ha descrito anteriormente, los electrodos sensores
182, 184 están en contacto, y al cirujano se le avisa mediante
componentes del circuito en el componente de accionamiento
electromecánico de que es seguro y/o apropiado activar el mecanismo
de corte y grapado. El cirujano activa entonces el mecanismo de
corte y grapado. Se deberá indicar que la resistencia que
proporcionan las relaciones mecánicas entre la mordaza superior 80,
los agujeros verticales 90, los ejes verticales 130, el eje
horizontal 150, y el casquillo de accionamiento superior 180 del
accesorio lineal de fijación y grapado, y el eje de accionamiento
flexible superior y el motor superior 400 del componente accionador
electromecánico, aseguran conjuntamente que la mordaza superior 80
y la mordaza inferior 50 permanezcan fijadas conjuntamente durante
la operación del mecanismo de grapado. Para comenzar el
procedimiento de grapado y corte, el cirujano activa el motor
inferior 420 del componente de accionamiento electromecánico
correspondiente al eje de accionamiento flexible inferior 430 que
engancha el casquillo de accionamiento inferior 310 en el extremo
próximo 300 del eje horizontal inferior 260, haciendo por ello que
el eje horizontal inferior 260 gire en rotación hacia la derecha.
Cuando el mecanismo de grapado y corte está en un estado cargado
inicial, la cuña 270 y la cuchilla 51 asociada con ella están en el
canal 250 en una posición más próxima al extremo próximo 300 del eje
horizontal inferior 260. La rotación hacia la derecha del eje
horizontal inferior 260 hace que las roscas exteriores 262 del eje
horizontal inferior 260 enganchen las roscas interiores 292 del
agujero horizontal roscado 290 de la cuña 270, haciendo por ello
que la cuña 270 atraviese el canal 250 en una dirección de
alejamiento del extremo próximo 300 del eje horizontal inferior
260. La operación continua del motor inferior 420 de esta manera
moverá la cuña 270 completamente a través del canal 250. Cuando la
cuña 270 se desplaza a través del canal, la cuchilla 51 montada en
la parte superior de la cuña corta transversalmente el intestino.
Simultáneamente, la cara inclinada superior 280 de la cuña 270
contacta los topes 232 de las grapas 230, empujando por ello los
dientes 234 de las grapas 230 a través del tejido del extremo distal
fijo del intestino y contra las guías de grapa 240, que curva y
cierra las grapas 230. Cuando la cuña 270 pasa completamente a
través del canal 250, todas las grapas 230 son empujadas a través
de la bandeja 220 y se cierran, cerrando por ello el extremo distal
del intestino. A continuación, el cirujano invierte el motor
inferior 420 para efectuar una rotación hacia la izquierda del eje
horizontal inferior 260, que a su vez mueve la cuña 270 hacia el
extremo próximo 300 del eje horizontal inferior 260. La operación
continua del motor inferior 420 de esta manera devuelve
eventualmente la cuña 270 a su posición inicial.
A continuación, el cirujano activa de nuevo el
motor superior 400 para efectuar una rotación hacia la derecha del
eje horizontal superior 150, que a su vez efectúa una rotación hacia
la derecha de los ejes verticales 130, que a su vez efectúa una
elevación de la mordaza superior 80. La operación continua del motor
superior 400 de esta manera pone eventualmente el accesorio lineal
de fijación, corte y grapado en un estado abierto. A continuación,
el cirujano sustituye la bandeja vacía 220 por una bandeja llena
220, y realiza el mismo procedimiento de fijación, corte y grapado
en el extremo próximo del intestino. Una vez que el extremo próximo
del intestino también está fijado, cortado y grapado, el cirujano
puede separar el accesorio del componente accionador
electromecánico, desechar el accesorio, y usar el componente
accionador electromecánico para procedimientos adicionales con
otros accesorios.
Claims (10)
1. Un accesorio de fijación y corte (20) para
uso con un dispositivo de accionamiento electromecánico para cortar
y fijar una sección de tejido, incluyendo:
una primera mordaza (80) que tiene un eje
longitudinal;
una segunda mordaza (50) dispuesta en
correspondencia paralela y opuesta con la primera mordaza (80);
y
un primer eje rotativo (150) que puede girar
alrededor de un eje longitudinal;
caracterizado porque el eje longitudinal
del primer eje rotativo (150) está dispuesto en paralelo al eje
longitudinal de la primera mordaza (80), el primer eje rotativo
(150) está acoplado a la primera mordaza (80) y está adaptado para
hacer que la primera mordaza (80) avance linealmente en una
dirección perpendicular al eje longitudinal manteniendo al mismo
tiempo la correspondencia paralela entre las mordazas primera y
segunda (80), (50).
2. Un accesorio (20) según la reivindicación 1,
incluyendo además al menos un eje rotativo roscado (130), donde una
rotación del al menos único eje rotativo roscado (130) hace que la
primera mordaza (80) se mueva axialmente a lo largo del eje
rotativo (130) alejándose o aproximándose a la segunda mordaza (50)
según la dirección rotacional del al menos único eje rotativo
roscado (130).
3. Un accesorio (20) según la reivindicación 2,
donde la primera mordaza (80) incluye un al menos un agujero
roscado correspondiente (90) adaptado para recibir el al menos único
eje rotativo roscado (130) a su través.
4. Un accesorio (20) según las reivindicaciones
2 o 3, donde hay dos ejes rotativos roscados (130) y donde el
primer eje rotativo (150) es horizontal y está dispuesto en relación
de giro y engrane con los dos ejes rotativos roscados (130),
haciendo la rotación del eje rotativo horizontal (150) que la
primera mordaza (80) se traslade.
5. Un accesorio (20) según cualquier
reivindicación precedente incluyendo además un cortador y una
grapadora que tiene una cuchilla (51) y una cuña (270) asentada en
un canal de guía de cuña (250) formado en la segunda mordaza
(50).
6. Una combinación de un accesorio (20) como el
reivindicado en cualquier reivindicación precedente y un accionador
electromecánico, incluyendo además el accesorio un primer
accionador, acoplado a la primera mordaza (80), y un segundo
accionador acoplado al cortador y grapadora, donde el accionador
electromecánico está adaptado para accionar cada uno del primer
accionador y el segundo accionador.
7. Una combinación de un accesorio (20) y un
accionador electromecánico según la reivindicación 6, donde el
accionador electromecánico está adaptado para accionar
independientemente cada uno del primero accionador y el segundo
accionador.
8. Una combinación de un accesorio (20) y un
accionador electromecánico según la reivindicación 6, donde el
accionador electromecánico incluye un primer eje de accionamiento
rotativo adaptado para accionar el primero accionador y un segundo
eje de accionamiento rotativo adaptado para accionar el segundo
accionador.
9. Una combinación de un accesorio (20) y un
accionador electromecánico según la reivindicación 8 donde el
accionador electromecánico incluye motores primero y segundo
adaptados para accionar cada uno de los ejes de accionamiento
rotativos primero y segundo.
10. Una combinación de un accesorio (20) y un
accionador electromecánico según la reivindicación 6, donde el
segundo accionador incluye un segundo eje rotativo horizontal (260)
que puede girar alrededor de un eje longitudinal dispuesto en
paralelo al eje de correspondencia paralela de las mordazas primera
y segunda (80), (50).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/351,534 US6264087B1 (en) | 1999-07-12 | 1999-07-12 | Expanding parallel jaw device for use with an electromechanical driver device |
| US351534 | 1999-07-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2295041T3 true ES2295041T3 (es) | 2008-04-16 |
Family
ID=23381318
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES00948626T Expired - Lifetime ES2295041T3 (es) | 1999-07-12 | 2000-07-11 | Dispositivo de mordazas paralelas expansibles para un dispositivo accionador electromecanico. |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (11) | US6264087B1 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP1204376B1 (es) |
| JP (3) | JP2003504104A (es) |
| CN (1) | CN100469325C (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE376804T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU6209800A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2375777C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE60036946T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2295041T3 (es) |
| IL (2) | IL147511A0 (es) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02000401A (es) |
| PT (1) | PT1204376E (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2001003587A1 (es) |
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2000
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- 2000-07-11 EP EP00948626A patent/EP1204376B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-11 AT AT00948626T patent/ATE376804T1/de active
- 2000-07-11 DE DE60036946T patent/DE60036946T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-11 IL IL14751100A patent/IL147511A0/xx active IP Right Grant
- 2000-07-11 AU AU62098/00A patent/AU6209800A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-11 MX MXPA02000401A patent/MXPA02000401A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-07-11 ES ES00948626T patent/ES2295041T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-11 CN CNB008125791A patent/CN100469325C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-11 JP JP2001508876A patent/JP2003504104A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-11 WO PCT/US2000/018911 patent/WO2001003587A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-07-11 PT PT00948626T patent/PT1204376E/pt unknown
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2001
- 2001-06-04 US US09/873,682 patent/US6505768B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2002
- 2002-01-08 IL IL147511A patent/IL147511A/en unknown
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2003
- 2003-01-13 US US10/341,234 patent/US6698643B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2004
- 2004-01-20 US US10/761,492 patent/US7114642B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2006
- 2006-10-02 US US11/542,363 patent/US7537602B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2008
- 2008-04-09 JP JP2008101616A patent/JP4729592B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2009
- 2009-05-26 US US12/472,369 patent/US7845538B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2010
- 2010-12-06 US US12/960,892 patent/US8056791B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2011
- 2011-01-11 JP JP2011003493A patent/JP5300093B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-10-03 US US13/251,309 patent/US8118208B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2012
- 2012-01-18 US US13/352,716 patent/US8186559B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-04-26 US US13/456,704 patent/US8459523B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2013
- 2013-05-14 US US13/893,830 patent/US8875973B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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