ES2565342T3 - Caracterización eléctrica intraluminal de tejido y energía de RF regulada para tratamiento selectivo de ateroma y otros tejidos diana - Google Patents
Caracterización eléctrica intraluminal de tejido y energía de RF regulada para tratamiento selectivo de ateroma y otros tejidos diana Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2565342T3 ES2565342T3 ES11191822.3T ES11191822T ES2565342T3 ES 2565342 T3 ES2565342 T3 ES 2565342T3 ES 11191822 T ES11191822 T ES 11191822T ES 2565342 T3 ES2565342 T3 ES 2565342T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- tissue
- catheter
- electrodes
- lumen
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
- A61B5/0538—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body invasively, e.g. using a catheter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00214—Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1467—Probes or electrodes therefor using more than two electrodes on a single probe
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Un sistema de catéter (10) para remodelar un tejido adyacente a un vaso sanguíneo, sistema que comprende: un catéter (12) que incluye un cuerpo de catéter flexible alargado (14) que tiene un extremo proximal (16) y un extremo distal (18) con un eje (20) entre los mismos, una estructura de soporte que se puede expandir de forma radial (26) colocada cerca del extremo distal (18) del cuerpo del catéter (14), y una pluralidad de electrodos a los que se les puede suministrar energía de forma selectiva (50) colocados en la estructura de soporte que se puede expandir de forma radial (26) para acoplarse a una pared luminal del vaso sanguíneo; una fuente de corriente de frecuencia variable acoplada a los electrodos (50) de modo que, cuando uno o más electrodos de una pluralidad de electrodos (50) se acoplan a la pared luminal, se puede definir un circuito eléctrico que comprende la fuente de corriente, uno o más electrodos de la pluralidad de electrodos (50), y pared luminal acoplada; y un controlador (47) acoplado con la fuente de corriente, con el controlador configurado para dar energía de forma selectiva a los electrodos de la pluralidad de electrodos (50) y suministro de energía eléctrica de control desde la fuente de corriente para remodelar el tejido adyacente al vaso sanguíneo con los electrodos (50), en el que el sistema comprende adicionalmente un procesador configurado para detener la remodelación como respuesta a un cambio en el ángulo de fase de impedancia y magnitud del circuito a una frecuencia o intervalo de frecuencias seleccionados.
Description
15
25
35
45
55
aproximadamente 55 ºC a aproximadamente 80 ºC. En algunas realizaciones, los tejidos oclusivos se pueden calentar hasta una temperatura máxima en un intervalo entre aproximadamente 93 ºC y 95 ºC. En otras realizaciones que se describen en el presente documento, el calentamiento se puede controlar para proporcionar temperaturas de tejido en un intervalo entre aproximadamente 50 ºC y 60 ºC, con algunas realizaciones beneficiándose de las temperaturas máximas del tejido de aproximadamente 63 ºC. Además, algunos tratamientos adicionales se pueden beneficiar de temperaturas de tratamiento de aproximadamente 90 ºC. De forma ventajosa, los sistemas de catéter de la invención se pueden usar sin angioplastia con globo, evitando de ese modo disecciones y limitando potencialmente la reestenosis. De forma opcional, los tratamientos de los tejidos que se describen en el presente documento se pueden repetir durante una sola sesión quirúrgica, o después de un mes o más (incluso después de un año o más) si fuera apropiado para proporcionar o mantener una apertura deseada del lumen.
Un sistema de catéter a modo de ejemplo 10 se ilustra de forma esquemática en las Figs. 2 y 3. Un catéter de remodelación y/o eliminación 12 incluye un cuerpo de catéter 14 que tiene un extremo proximal 16 y un extremo distal 18. El cuerpo del catéter 14 es flexible y define un eje de catéter 20, e incluye un lumen de aspiración 22 y un lumen de irrigación 24 (véase la Fig. 3). Además, se pueden proporcionar lúmenes adicionales para proporcionar un sistema de formación de imágenes con cable de guía o similares. El lumen 22 se puede usar para detección y/o formación de imágenes de ateroma, así como aspiración.
El catéter 12 incluye una estructura que se puede expandir de forma radial 26 adyacente al extremo distal 18 y una carcasa 28 adyacente al extremo proximal 16. Una punta distal 30 puede incluir una válvula de punta integral para sellar el lumen de aspiración 22 y para permitir el paso de cables de guía, catéteres de formación de imágenes y/o de inhibición de reestenosis, y similares.
La carcasa proximal 28 incluye un primer conector 32 en comunicación fluida con el lumen de aspiración 22. El lumen de aspiración 22 puede tener un puerto de aspiración dentro de la estructura que se puede expandir 26 con el fin de permitir aspiración o aspiración de residuos y bases desde dentro de la estructura que se puede expandir. El lumen de aspiración 22 también se puede usar como un lumen de acceso para cables de guía, catéteres intravasculares de formación de imágenes, y/o catéteres para tratamiento de radiación intravascular con avance de forma distal o fármacos que inhiben la reestenosis. Por lo tanto, el conector 32 puede acomodar de forma selectiva un catéter de formación de imágenes 34 que tiene un detector de material aterosclerótico 36 que se puede hacer avanzar dentro del cuerpo de catéter 14 adyacente a, y/o más allá del extremo distal 18, comprendiendo el detector a menudo un transductor de ultrasonidos intravascular, un sensor de tomografía de coherencia óptica, una antena de MRI, o similares. Un conector de formación de imágenes 38 del catéter de formación de imágenes 34 transmite señales de formación de imágenes que permite la medida circunferencial de espesores ateroscleróticos alrededor del eje 20 con respecto a una pantalla 39.
El conector 32 también se adapta a una reestenosis inhibiendo el catéter de tratamiento 40, comprendiendo aquí el catéter de tratamiento un catéter de radiación intravascular. Tal catéter de radiación puede incluir una fuente de radiación 42 que de nuevo se puede avanzar de forma distal dentro del cuerpo del catéter 14 a o más allá de la estructura que se puede expandir 26.
Un segundo conector 44 de la carcasa proximal 28 está en comunicación fluida con el lumen de irrigación 24 (véase la Fig. 4). El segundo conector 44 se puede acoplar a una fuente de fluido de irrigación para introducir líquidos conductores o no conductores, gases, o similares, de forma ideal para introducir gas o solución salina heparinizada. Tanto al primer como el segundo conectores 32, 44 puede comprender opcionalmente un conector convencional tal como un conector Luer-Loc™. En la Fig. 3, el conector 44 se muestra de forma esquemática acoplado a una fuente de fluido fuente de vacío/infusión de aspiración 45.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las Figs. 2, 3, y 4, la carcasa proximal 28 también aloja un conector eléctrico 46. El conector 46 incluye una pluralidad de conexiones eléctricas, cada una acoplada eléctricamente a un electrodo 50 a través de un conductor dedicado 52. Esto permite que se le pueda proporcionar energía fácilmente al subconjunto de electrodos 50, proporcionando a menudo energía a los electrodos con energía de radiofrecuencia bipolar o monopolar. Por lo tanto, el conector eléctrico 46 se acopla a menudo a un generador de RF a través de un controlador 47, con el controlador permitiendo que la energía se dirija de forma selectiva a una parte excéntrica de una pared luminal enganchada. Cuando se usa energía de RF monopolar, la tierra del paciente se puede proporcionar (por ejemplo) con un electrodo externo o un electrodo en el cuerpo del catéter 14. Un procesador 49 puede manipular las señales a partir del catéter de formación de imágenes 34 para generar una imagen en la pantalla 39, puede coordinar aspiración, irrigación y/o tratamiento, y puede registrar de forma automática el tratamiento con la imagen.
El procesador 49 comprenderá por lo general hardware y/o software, que a menudo incluye una o más unidades de procesador programables que ejecutan instrucciones del programa mediante lectura con máquina o código para poner en práctica todos o algunos de los procedimientos que se describen en el presente documento. El código a menudo se desarrollará en un medio tangible tal como una memoria (opcionalmente una memoria solamente de lectura, una memoria de acceso aleatorio, una memoria no volátil, o similares) y/o un medio de registro (tal como un disco flexible, una disco duro, un CD, un DVD, una llave de memoria, o similar). El código y/o datos y señales
15
25
35
45
55
de un tubo de Nitinol™. El electrodo/cesta se puede revestir, por ejemplo, con un polímero de alta temperatura, tal como una poliimida. Los electrodos 174 se pueden formar mediante revestimiento por inhibición o eliminación del revestimiento de la parte deseada de la riostra 172 asociada (como se ilustra en la Fig. 12E) de modo que la superficie del electrodo se expone para el contacto con el material aterosclerótico. Al menos las superficies de los electrodos activos se pueden revestir con un metal altamente conductor, tal como oro, plata, una aleación de cobre,
- o similares, y el revestimiento mantendrá y soportará preferentemente la flexibilidad de la estructura con forma de cesta, con los materiales de revestimiento opcionalmente enrollados o similares. Al limitar el electrodo conductor a una configuración adecuada (a menudo orientado de forma radialmente hacia fuera), se puede limitar el acoplamiento eléctrico entre el electrodo y la sangre u otros fluidos conductores dentro del lumen. Las riostras se pueden separar entre sí y apoyar con un material aislado tal como con curado con radiación ultravioleta ("UV") o manga que se puede contraer con calor, un polietileno, Nylon™, o similares para formar la cesta 170.
Cada riostra 172 se puede usar para conducir energía entre la superficie de electrodo 174 y un conductor eléctrico que se extiende de forma proximal desde la riostra hacia un controlador. Los elementos proximales para la conexión de tales conductores se ilustran en la Fig. 12C, mientras que los elementos estructurales distales 178 se ilustran en la Fig. 12D. Los electrodos adyacentes 174 se pueden desfasar o escalonar de forma axial como se puede observar en la Fig. 12F. El revestimiento aislante a lo largo de cada riostra 172 se puede inhibir o eliminar desde una superficie interior de los elementos proximales 176 para facilitar la conexión de un cable conductor asociado, tal como mediante soldadura por puntos o similares. También se pueden usar algunos materiales aislantes poliméricos
- o no poliméricos alternativos, que incluyen revestimientos de parileno, aunque se pueden usar algunos procedimientos alternativos para la fijación de las riostras 172 a un cuerpo de catéter, incluyendo unión adhesiva usando de curado UV aislante, incorporando las estructuras de los elementos en polietileno, y similares.
Algunas estructuras a modo de ejemplo para fijar las riostras 172 de la cesta 170 a un cuerpo de catéter 180 se ilustran en la Fig. 12G.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las Figs. 12F y 12H, se puede entender un indicio alternativo que proporciona una imagen que se puede distinguir para el registro rotacional de los electrodos seleccionados 174 de la cesta 170 a imágenes u otras medidas de material aterosclerótico. En esta realización, un electrodo 174i denominado electrodo 1 puede tener un marcador radio-opaco 182 colocado en la riostra 172i asociada. Una riostra 172ii que soporta un segundo electrodo asociado 174ii puede tener dos marcadores radio-opacos 182 que proporcionan un indicador de recuento asimétrico de forma circunferencial que permite hacer referencia a todos los electrodos sin ambigüedad. La forma de los electrodos 50 puede variar, por ejemplo, los electrodos 174 pueden ser más anchos que otras partes de las riostras 172, como se ilustra en las Figs. 12A-G.
A menudo la remodelación se realizará usando flujos de irrigación y/o aspiración. En muchas realizaciones, un puerto de irrigación dirige el fluido, tal como una solución salina, desde un lumen de irrigación a un interior de la cesta. Un puerto de aspiración puede proporcionar comunicación fluida entre un lumen de aspiración y un interior de la cesta. Uno o ambos de estos flujos de fluido se puede accionar de forma continua, o como alternativa se puede pulsar antes, durante y/o después del tratamiento. En algunas realizaciones, el flujo de aspiración y/o irrigación puede aparecer de forma aguda o de forma simultánea con el fin de circular entre el puerto de irrigación y el puerto de aspiración. Opcionalmente, el flujo puede llevar restos de eliminación hacía el puerto de aspiración, en el que los residuos se pueden evacuar a través del lumen de aspiración. Puede haber coordinación entre el sistema de irrigación y el sistema de aspiración de un modo tal que el fluido de irrigación puede permanecer confinado en un área estrechamente adyacente a la cesta con el fin de inhibir la embolización de los residuos de eliminación cuando la cesta se expande dentro del vaso sanguíneo. Tal coordinación, por ejemplo, puede inhibir el movimiento distal de los residuos de eliminación y/o puede evitar cualquier necesidad de una barrera o membrana distal y/o proximal. En algunas realizaciones, la circulación de fluido entre un puerto de irrigación y un puerto de aspiración puede crear de forma eficaz un entorno sin sangre adyacente a los electrodos para facilitar la remodelación y/o eliminación, formación de imágenes de tejido aterosclerótico, y similares.
Haciendo referencia ahora a la Fig. 13, los controladores de los sistemas de catéteres que se describen en el presente documento pueden permitir la distribución de diferentes niveles de potencia para diferentes pares de electrodos. Por ejemplo, como respuesta a una distribución circunferencial de material aterosclerótico AM tal como la que se ilustra en la Fig. 13, un controlador puede dirigir 50 vatios de energía a un primer electrodo 230, 30 vatios de energía a un par de segundos electrodos 232 y solamente 10 vatios de energía a un par de terceros electrodos 234. Otros electrodos pueden no tener energía dirigida a los mismos, como se ha descrito anteriormente. En algunas realizaciones, una potencia diferente dirigida a los diferentes electrodos se puede proporcionar mediante el control del ciclo de trabajo, por ejemplo, con 50 vatios que se proporcionan mediante el suministro de energía a de uno o más electrodos para un 50 % del tiempo, siendo proporcionados 30 vatios al suministrar energía a un electrodo un 30 % del tiempo, y similares.
Algunas modalidades de formación de imágenes (incluyendo ultrasonido intravascular, tomografía de coherencia óptica, MRI intravascular, y similares) se pueden bloquear o degradar, al menos en parte, colocando la estructura de detección de imágenes dentro de una estructura metálica, tal como una cesta formada por Nitinol™. Por lo tanto, puede haber ventajas en la producción de estructuras alternativas que se pueden expandir tales como cestas que comprenden plástico o un polímero. En vista del calor generado por los electrodos de los sistemas que se describen
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
en el presente documento, puede ser ventajoso que tales estructuras de polímero con forma de cesta comprendan un polímero de alta temperatura, tal como una poliimida. Algunas estructuras alternativas con forma de cesta pueden comprender HDPE, PET, Nylon™, PEBAX™, y similares. La cesta se puede formar cortando riostras de un tubo del material de polímero.
Algunos procedimientos a modo de ejemplo se ilustran en las Figs. 14A-14H. En la Fig. 14A, el sistema de catéter 260 incluye una cesta que cubre la funda 262 sobre un catéter 264 para detectar y tratar material aterosclerótico como se ha descrito anteriormente. En esta realización, la funda de la cesta externa 262 limita la cesta 266 de forma radial, que se sesga para que se expanda de forma radial cuando se libera de la funda exterior, como se ilustra en la Fig. 14B. En algunas realizaciones, la cesta se puede expandir después de que la manga externa se retraiga, tal como mediante tirando con cables de arrastre, girando una parte del catéter con respecto al otro, o similares. En cualquier caso, a medida que la cesta se expande dentro del vaso V, los electrodos 50 de la cesta se acoplan a la pared del vaso circundante. Una transductor de formación de imágenes cerca de la cesta 266 de un catéter de formación de imágenes colocado en un lumen del catéter de tratamiento evalúa el vaso V, y el sistema de catéter de detección/tratamiento 264 se tira de forma proximal a lo largo de la arteria o vaso V.
Cuando el catéter de formación de imágenes detecta material aterosclerótico AM como se ilustra en la Fig. 14C, un subconjunto adecuado (que posiblemente incluye solo un electrodo individual 50) se activa para remodelar el material aterosclerótico AM, como se ilustra en la Fig. 14D, y el tamaño del lumen del vaso abierto aumenta de forma moderada durante el tratamiento. El catéter se tira de forma proximal al siguiente ateroma, que se detecta y se trata de nuevo. Una sección transversal del lumen abierto limitado antes del tratamiento se ilustra de forma esquemática en la Fig. 14F, que también Ilustra una descarga de solución salina o lumen de irrigación 268 del catéter 264. La energía del tratamiento y el aumento moderado del diámetro del lumen abierto del basó V se ilustra de forma esquemática en la sección transversal de la Fig. 14G. Después de que una respuesta de curación aumenta de forma gradual el diámetro del lumen abierto, se puede proporcionar a continuación el lumen abierto a más largo plazo que se ilustra de forma esquemática en la Fig. 14H.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las Figs. 15A y B, se presenta la eliminación de material excéntrico en un modelo de arteria de gelatina 270. Antes del ensayo, el modelo de arteria incluye un lumen 272 coherente como se observa en la Fig. 15A. Un catéter para tratamiento de ensayo 274 que tiene una cesta se puede expandir que soporta una matriz circunferencial de electrodos se introduce en el lumen 272, con la cesta que se puede expandir soportando los electrodos en contacto con la pared luminal. A los electrodos seleccionados del catéter de ensayo 274 se les proporciona energía con el fin de tratar de forma excéntrica el modelo de arteria de gelatina 274, realizando de este modo una remodelación excéntrica del modelo de gelatina, eliminando en este caso de un volumen excéntrico 276 desde lo largo de un lado del lumen 272. La orientación y la cantidad de material retirado se controlaron mediante electrodos a los que se proporciona energía de forma selectiva del catéter de ensayo 274.
Haciendo referencia ahora a la Fig. 16, se ilustra un sistema de catéter a modo de ejemplo 280. En esta realización, el cuerpo de catéter 282 incluye solamente un lumen individual, que es lo suficientemente grande para alojar un catéter de formación de imágenes en el mismo y también se puede usar como un lumen de irrigación para llevar fluido de irrigación a los puertos de irrigación 284. El diámetro del lumen puede disminuir de de forma distal de los puertos de irrigación 284, con la parte de diámetro disminuido 286 recibiendo de forma apropiada el catéter de formación de imágenes dentro del lumen de los mismos con el fin de dirigir el fluido de irrigación de forma radial hacia fuera a través de la pluralidad de puertos de irrigación. Esta forma de realización puede ser particularmente útil cuando se remodelan materiales ateroscleróticos usando los procedimientos que se ilustran en las Figs. 14A-14H, en los que un calentamiento suave mejora el tamaño de los vasos, opcionalmente sin necesidad de aspiración.
El cuerpo del catéter 282 puede incluir un eje trenzado en el que los cables conductores (por ejemplo cables de cobre o cables de berilio y cobre) se revisten con un material aislante de alta temperatura y/o alta resistencia tal como una capa de poliimida o similar. Los cables trenzados se pueden intercalar entre capas de materiales que forman el eje del cuerpo de catéter 282. El eje puede comprender, por ejemplo, una pluralidad de capas de polietileno, una capa interna de Teflon™ PTFE, una capa exterior de nailon, y similares.
Los cables de eje 282 se pueden trenzar con el fin de inhibir las pérdidas capacitivas entre cables cuando las corrientes eléctricas se desplazan a través de ellos. Las pérdidas capacitivas pueden disminuir cuando un cable que transporta una corriente desde una fuente de energía a un electrodo del sistema de catéter y un cable que transporta una corriente desde un electrodo de nuevo hacia la fuente de energía no son paralelos, sino en un ángulo, que de forma ideal es perpendicular. Esto se puede conseguir mediante el trenzado de los cables con un paso apropiado o un número de picos por pulgada. La estructura con forma de cesta 170 del sistema de catéter 280 se puede incluir, con la estructura con forma de cesta describiendo se con más detalle en referencia a las Figs. 12A-12H. La guía 286 se puede extender a través de la cesta 170 y puede comprender un material transparente para el catéter de formación de imágenes, que comprende opcionalmente HDPE, PET, o similares.
Además están disponibles otras alternativas. Por ejemplo, otra forma de usar la energía de RF para remodelar el material aterosclerótica puede ser dar energía a una pluralidad de los electrodos adyacentes con diferentes señales de RF con el fin de usar los electrodos adyacentes como una matriz de fase. Una matriz de fase puede dirigir o guiar una señal electromagnética en una dirección deseada usando interferencias constructivas y destructivas entre
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
señales de elementos adyacentes de la matriz. Mediante el control de fases de las señales adyacentes, una matriz de fase de electrodos puede proporcionar una señal de RF centrada y/o que se puede dirigir.
Junto con el control de dirección y direccionalidad, el ajuste de las fases de electrodos de RF adyacentes puede permitir el enfoque de una parte o la mayor parte de la energía de RF a una profundidad D deseada en el interior del material aterosclerótico, a la vez que se inhibe la suministro de energía de RF entre las superficies de los electrodos y la profundidad D usando interferencia constructiva y destructiva entre señales. Por ejemplo, un sistema de este tipo se puede usar para conservar la protección de una placa con el fin de reducir la reestenosis. La inhibición del calentamiento de la protección a la vez que la energía se centra hacia una parte interna de la placa puede reducir una respuesta inmune al calor que de otro modo podría conducir a reestenosis. Por lo tanto, la inhibición del calentamiento de la protección puede reducir la reestenosis.
En general, la presente invención puede hacer uso de estructuras altamente elásticas que se pueden expandir, en particular estructuras que se pueden expandir formadas a partir de elementos estructurales separados mediante perforaciones para definir una cesta. Tales estructuras se pueden ajustar a un diámetro de la arteria antes, durante y/o después de eliminar material aterosclerótico. Esta capacidad de expansión permite el contacto directo de los electrodos con respecto al ateroma. Se pueden distribuir múltiples electrodos de forma circunferencial alrededor de una parte intermedia de la estructura que se puede expandir, y un subconjunto de estos electrodos se puede activar para permitir la remodelación y/o eliminación de tejido excéntrico.
El ateroma se puede identificar y dirigir mediante formación de imágenes intravasculares, y estas capacidades se pueden integrar en el catéter de remodelación y/o eliminación. Preferentemente, las capacidades de formación de imágenes intravasculares se desplegarán en un catéter separado que se puede hacer avanzar en el interior, y se puede eliminar del catéter de eliminación. En general, esta capacidad de formación de imágenes intravasculares permite el progreso de la terapia ha controlar de manera que la perforación de la pared se puede evitar, a la vez que se reduce de forma ideal la oclusión hasta no más de un 15 % del diámetro total del vaso nativo (ya sea tras la finalización del tratamiento o después de posterior cicatrización de los tejidos). El catéter de eliminación puede permitir además el uso de radiación localizada o administración de fármacos para tratamientos antireestenosis. El catéter de eliminación puede incluir un lumen relativamente grande que permita un uso selectivo de un sistema de formación de imágenes intravasculares, una administración de radiación o u otro catéter de tratamiento, una aspiración de residuos y de gases de vaporización, con estos usos siendo usados a menudo de forma secuencial. Un cable de guía puede hacer uso de este lumen o uno separado, y el cable de guía puede se puede retirar para permitir el acceso a los catéteres para reestenosis y/o formación de imágenes.
Los dispositivos, sistemas y procedimientos que se han descrito anteriormente son muy adecuados para la aplicación de energía eléctrica que se adapta a tejidos diana y materiales a lo largo de un lumen del organismo.
Los dispositivos de catéter a modo de ejemplo y procedimientos para su uso descritos en el presente documento están destinados a su aplicación en el lumen de vasos de la anatomía humana. La estructura anatómica en la que se coloca el catéter puede ser, por ejemplo, el esófago, la cavidad oral, la cavidad nasofaríngea, el tubo auditivo y cavidad timpánica, el seno del cerebro, el sistema arterial, el sistema venoso, el corazón, la laringe, la tráquea, los bronquios, el estómago, el duodeno, el íleon, el colon, el recto, la vejiga, el uréter, el conducto eyaculador, el conducto deferente, la uretra, la cavidad uterina, el canal vaginal y el canal del cuello uterino.
Como se puede entender en referencia a la Fig. 17A-17C, la orientación física de la enfermedad excéntrica se puede conseguir mediante la colocación de electrodos moviendo los de forma longitudinal en el vaso hasta que se colocan en la proximidad del tejido diana. Como se ilustra de forma esquemática en la Fig. 17A, el movimiento axial de un extremo distal de la sonda en forma de un catéter 302 dentro de un lumen del organismo 304 permite que diferentes partes axiales de la pared del lumen sean objeto de análisis y tratamiento. Un procedimiento adicional para orientar físicamente la enfermedad excéntrica de manera radial es la aplicación de energía bipolar de forma selectiva a los electrodos específicos 306 para dirigir energía a través del tejido diana, como se puede entender en referencia a la Fig. 17B. En algunas realizaciones, la orientación física radial y longitudinal se puede realizar mediante activación selectiva de electrodos distribuidos tanto radial como longitudinalmente sobre un cuerpo se puede expandir 310, como se ilustra en la Fig. 17C.
La orientación de la frecuencia de los tejidos se ilustra en las Figs. 18 y 19. Como se ilustra gráficamente en la Fig. 18, diferentes tipos de tejidos tienen diferentes impedancias eléctricas características que hacen que el tejido absorba energía de ciertas frecuencias o intervalos de frecuencias más fácilmente que otros. Mediante la aplicación de energía a la frecuencia específica o intervalo de frecuencias en los que el tejido es más conductor, la energía penetra en el tejido más fácilmente. En general, se ha demostrado que las muestras de tejido enfermo presentan características de impedancia más elevadas que las muestras de tejido sano. Como se ilustra en la Fig. 19, en el caso en el que una zona de tejido enfermo 312 está rodeada por tejido relativamente sano 314, es probable proteger el tejido enfermo del flujo de corriente eléctrica debido a la menor impedancia del tejido sano. Por lo tanto, un flujo mínimo de corriente (o menor que el deseado) 318 puede pasar a través del tejido enfermo 312, y se puede observar un flujo de corriente 320 más pesado en el tejido sano de baja impedancia 314 cuando la corriente bipolar se transmite entre los electrodos 316. Por lo general, los intervalos de frecuencia en los que la impedancia del tejido varía hasta un grado útil se produce entre 100 kilohercios y 10 megahercios.
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
internamente pueden aplicar energía que fluye al elemento de retorno externo aunque cualquiera de otros dos electrodos aplicados internamente se usa para medir la impedancia.
Con respecto a las medidas de temperatura, las medidas de impedancia tomadas antes de la terapia se pueden usar para calcular un valor normalizado a usar en otros cálculos para determinar el cambio de temperatura a partir de ese valor inicial. El control dinámico de la impedancia eléctrica del tejido objetivo y circundante durante la terapia se puede usar para calcular el cambio de temperatura del tejido. En algunas realizaciones, el seguimiento dinámico o la impedancia eléctrica de la superficie de contacto entre los electrodos y el tejido se pueden usar para evitar la carbonización del tejido o la coagulación de la sangre en la superficie de contacto.
El cambio de temperatura durante la terapia se puede usar para determinar la eficacia de los ajustes de suministro de energía y para determinar el estado del tejido que se está tratando.
La medida de la temperatura se puede realizar mediante ultrasonidos intraluminales u otro mecanismo y se puede verificar con los datos derivados de las medidas de impedancia.
El uso de los sistemas que se describen en el presente documento con ruido iónico y no iónico se puede entender en referencia a la Fig. 24. Cuando la corriente eléctrica fluye en un fluido iónico tal como sangre que llena un lumen 356, al menos una parte de la corriente puede pasar a través de la sangre cuando los electrodos 358 tienen energía. Incluso con electrodos en cualquier lado de un tejido diana 360, el calentamiento del tejido diana se puede reducir mediante el flujo de corriente dentro de la sangre.
Cuando se usa en un lumen lleno de fluido tal como una arteria, este dispositivo se puede usar en combinación con un fluido no iónico que inunda el área 362 para desplazar o de forma parcial desplazar el fluido nativo para modificar la conductividad del en torno alrededor de los electrodos. Esta acción puede ser deseable para dirigir la energía, en forma de corriente eléctrica 364, en las paredes del lumen en lugar de a través del fluido nativo, suministrando de este modo energía al tejido de las paredes circundantes con disipación mínima en el líquido que llena el lumen.
Una segunda finalidad del fluido no iónico o un fluido iónico puede ser proporcionar refrigeración a los electrodos y al tejido en la superficie y justo por debajo de la superficie de la pared del lumen.
Para determinar la conductividad del líquido circundante se pueden usar medidas de impedancia eléctrica en los electrodos, midiendo de este modo la concentración de fluido no iónico en el fluido nativo. Estos datos se pueden alimentar al sistema de control para permitir el ajuste de la concentración de fluido iónico para optimizar la suministro de energía al tejido diana y minimizar los efectos no deseados en el tejido circundante.
El uso de sangre como superficie de contacto también es una opción. La sangre es un fluido iónico conductor que se puede usar como una superficie de contacto entre electrodos y tejido para asegurar un buen contacto electrodotejido e impedancia de bajo contacto.
En referencia a la Fig. 25, se puede entender un control de bucle cerrado. Las medidas de impedancia con respecto a intervalos de frecuencia y a través de múltiples electrodos se pueden usar para verificar la posición del electrodo con respecto a puntos de referencia de tejido, opcionalmente mediante correlación con respecto al dispositivos de medida de compañía intraluminales tal como IVUS antes y durante la terapia.
Algunas medidas de impedancia que usan un controlador de tratamiento en bucle cerrado 366 que hacen uso de hardware y/o software del sistema procesador pueden facilitar el control del tratamiento. Tal control con respecto a la frecuencia varía y se pueden usar múltiples electrodos para controlar y verificar cambios físicos tales como contracción del tejido o desnaturalización del tejido en la zona de aplicación. Estos datos se pueden usar para verificar cambios físicos observados mediante otras técnicas de observación intraluminales tales como ultrasonidos.
Se pueden usar algunos datos a partir de medidas de impedancia 368 combinados con entradas desde los dispositivos de medida intraluminales 370 tales como ultrasonidos para determinar la selección de electrodos a partir de un conjunto de reglas determinado previamente desde un módulo de controlador o procesador 372. Este tipo de sistema de control se podría usar de forma potencial en un modo automático para diagnosticar y tratar tejido intraluminal enfermo.
Los datos con respecto al estado del tejido, incluyendo opcionalmente el cambio de temperatura, electrodo con respecto a impedancia de superficie de contacto de tejido, impedancia del tejido, electrodo con respecto al contacto de tejido o sangre, y geometría intraluminal y tipo de tejido a partir de ultrasonidos u otras fuentes, lo puede usar un controlador como entradas a un sistema de control de bucle cerrado 366.
La aplicación de interruptores de electrodo puede usar cualquiera de una amplia diversidad de circuitos de electrodos selectivos con energía, tipos de interruptor, ubicaciones de los interruptores, y similares, algunos de los cuales se ilustran de forma esquemática en las Figs. 26A-26C.
Los interruptores de los electrodos se pueden colocar en un instrumento externo o caja de control externo 374, de modo que un punto conector externo 376 se proporciona para cada electrodo del catéter 378, con un cable por
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
electrodo 380 que se extiende a, y/o a lo largo del cuerpo del catéter. Como alternativa, los mecanismos de interruptor de electrodo 386, 388 se pueden incorporar en un catéter 382, 384, respectivamente, ya sea cerca del extremo proximal del catéter para conmutación externa o cerca del extremo distal del catéter para conmutación interna. Un número limitado (por ejemplo, 4) cables 390 se puede ejecutar de forma proximal al mecanismo de conmutación, mientras que un cable por electrodo se puede extender de forma distal con respecto al mecanismo de conmutación. La conexión de electrodos separados con respecto al generador de RF o dispositivo de medida de impedancia se puede conseguir por medios electromecánicos o de estado sólido.
Los mecanismos de conmutación colocados en el extremo distal del catéter pueden tener ventajas. Si se encuentran en el catéter, el mecanismo de conmutación se puede colocar en el extremo distal para disminuir el número de cables en el cuerpo del catéter o en el extremo proximal. En realizaciones de mecanismo de conmutación situado en el extremo distal del catéter el circuito de control externo se comunica opcionalmente con el mecanismo de conmutación a través de los mismos cables usados para medidas de impedancia.
También se puede usar mecanismo de conmutación en el extremo proximal o en otra posición en el catéter. El mecanismo de conmutación puede estar colocado en el extremo proximal o en cualquier otro lugar en el catéter si proporciona ventajas de rendimiento o costes.
Haciendo referencia ahora a la Fig. 27, los dispositivos de catéter 418, sistemas y procedimientos que se describen en el presente documento a menudo se usan para tratar placas que tienen fibroso tejido 420. El tejido fibroso 420 se puede calentar con respecto a un tejido diana a una temperatura en un intervalo de aproximadamente 90 ºC a aproximadamente 95 ºC, que puede proporcionar una contracción de hasta aproximadamente un 50 %. Los lípidos 424 se pueden calentar para orientar hasta temperaturas diana en un intervalo de aproximadamente 80 ºC-85 ºC, proporcionando una contracción hasta aproximadamente un 90 %. El daño a la capa adventicia 426 se puede inhibir
o la capa se puede proteger mediante la limitación el calentamiento por debajo de aproximadamente 62 ºC. Estas y otras temperaturas y cálculos de contracción se pueden determinar mediante ensayos empíricos apropiados o similares, a partir de trabajos no publicados y/o publicados, o formar otras fuentes. Haciendo referencia a las Figs. 27A-27C, algunas correlaciones espectrales con respecto a tejido dañado pueden permitir la caracterización de tejidos usando técnicas tales como las que se describen en un artículo de Tjeerd J. Romer y col., con el título "Histopathology of Human Coronary Atherosclerosis by Quantifying Its Chemical Composition with Raman Spectroscopy," Circulation 97: 878-885 (1998).
Haciendo referencia ahora a las Figs. 28A-28D, la viabilidad de la contracción del tejido se puede observar en un experimento de mesa de trabajo usando un sistema de catéter tal como los que se describen en el presente documento. Un modelo de tejido grasa animal 430 (que se muestra antes del tratamiento en la Fig. 28A) se puede tratar mediante colocación de forma manual en la estructura que se puede expandir y electrodos asociados del catéter en contacto con una superficie del tejido durante el tratamiento con energía electroquirúrgica de remodelación de tejido (véase la Fig. 28B). Después del tratamiento, como se observa en la Fig. 28C y el primer plano de la Fig. 28D, se puede verificar la contracción visible del tejido. La viabilidad del uso de formación de imágenes intravasculares con los procedimientos y sistemas que se describen en el presente documento se puede verificar mediante las imágenes de las seis riostras individuales que soportan electrodos 428 de la estructura que se puede expandir del catéter en la Fig. 29A, así como mediante la visualización de un hueco excéntrico 430 que se crea usando un suministro de energía de remodelación guiada benigna dirigida con el fin de aumentar el diámetro eficaz de la arteria para un mejor flujo de sangre, como se observa en la Fig. 29B.
Haciendo referencia ahora a la Fig. 30, algunas realizaciones ventajosas pueden usar aspectos de técnicas y dispositivos eléctricos de discriminación de tejido que se describen en la Patente de Estados Unidos N.º 6.760.616 de Hoey y col., con el título "Tissue Discrimination and Applications in Medical Procedures", cuya divulgación completa se incorpora en el presente documento por referencia. Como se describe más completamente en esa referencia, el sistema de identificación de tejido 510 incluye un dispositivo de salida de lectura por el usuario 512, un dispositivo de entrada de usuario 516, un procesador 520, y una sonda 522. El procesador 520 incluye una unidad de procesamiento central ("CPU") 514, un convertidor de Digital a Analógico ("D/A"), y un convertidor de Analógico a Digital ("A/D") 518. El procesador 520 se puede incluir en el procesador 49 (veánse las Figs. 2 y 3), y la sonda 522 puede comprender cualquiera de las estructuras de catéter que se describen en el presente documento, de modo que el sistema de identificación de tejido 510 se puede incluir en el sistema 10.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las Figs. 30 y 31A, el sistema de identificación de tejido 510 puede aplicar una señal eléctrica de frecuencia de deslizamiento o variable aplicando energía al electrodo con una fuente de corriente de frecuencia variable 524. De este modo, por lo general en un circuito se pueden incluir la fuente de energía 524, el electrodo de la sonda 522 y el tejido acoplado del paciente P y una característica eléctrica del circuito se puede medir a diferentes frecuencias. En realizaciones a modo de ejemplo, una impedancia (tanto el ángulo de fase como la magnitud) del circuito se miden en una pluralidad de frecuencias dentro de un intervalo de frecuencias de aproximadamente 4 KHz a aproximadamente 2 MHz. Cada punto de datos de frecuencia/magnitud/ángulo de fase de frecuencia magnitud puede representar una medida de la firma de tejido, con una serie de puntos de datos individuales siendo tomados a menudo en condiciones similares (por ejemplo, a una frecuencia dada y sin mover los electrodos) y promediados para un aumento de la precisión. Los puntos de datos de la firma de tejido se pueden medir en una pluralidad de frecuencias a través de todo un intervalo de frecuencias con el fin de generar curvas de
Claims (1)
-
imagen1
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US66676605P | 2005-03-28 | 2005-03-28 | |
| US666766P | 2005-03-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2565342T3 true ES2565342T3 (es) | 2016-04-04 |
Family
ID=37054033
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES06748830T Expired - Lifetime ES2380487T3 (es) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | Caracterización de tejido eléctrico intraluminal y energía RF ajustada para el tratamiento selectivo de ateroma y de otros tejidos diana |
| ES11191822.3T Expired - Lifetime ES2565342T3 (es) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | Caracterización eléctrica intraluminal de tejido y energía de RF regulada para tratamiento selectivo de ateroma y otros tejidos diana |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES06748830T Expired - Lifetime ES2380487T3 (es) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | Caracterización de tejido eléctrico intraluminal y energía RF ajustada para el tratamiento selectivo de ateroma y de otros tejidos diana |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US7742795B2 (es) |
| EP (3) | EP2438877B1 (es) |
| CN (2) | CN101511292B (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE542486T1 (es) |
| ES (2) | ES2380487T3 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2006105121A2 (es) |
Families Citing this family (577)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7137980B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2006-11-21 | Sherwood Services Ag | Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator |
| US6953461B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2005-10-11 | Tissuelink Medical, Inc. | Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods |
| US6558385B1 (en) | 2000-09-22 | 2003-05-06 | Tissuelink Medical, Inc. | Fluid-assisted medical device |
| JP2004500207A (ja) | 2000-03-06 | 2004-01-08 | ティシューリンク・メディカル・インコーポレーテッド | 流体配給システム及び電気外科用器具コントローラ |
| US8048070B2 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2011-11-01 | Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc. | Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods |
| US6689131B2 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2004-02-10 | Tissuelink Medical, Inc. | Electrosurgical device having a tissue reduction sensor |
| US7811282B2 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2010-10-12 | Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc. | Fluid-assisted electrosurgical devices, electrosurgical unit with pump and methods of use thereof |
| US8974446B2 (en) | 2001-10-11 | 2015-03-10 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Ultrasound ablation apparatus with discrete staggered ablation zones |
| AU2002357166A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2003-06-23 | Tissuelink Medical, Inc. | Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods |
| US7617005B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2009-11-10 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for thermally-induced renal neuromodulation |
| US7653438B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2010-01-26 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for renal neuromodulation |
| US7620451B2 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2009-11-17 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for pulsed electric field neuromodulation via an intra-to-extravascular approach |
| US7756583B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2010-07-13 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for intravascularly-induced neuromodulation |
| US8774922B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2014-07-08 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Catheter apparatuses having expandable balloons for renal neuromodulation and associated systems and methods |
| US20080213331A1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2008-09-04 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and devices for renal nerve blocking |
| US20070129761A1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2007-06-07 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods for treating heart arrhythmia |
| US20110207758A1 (en) | 2003-04-08 | 2011-08-25 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Methods for Therapeutic Renal Denervation |
| US20070135875A1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2007-06-14 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for thermally-induced renal neuromodulation |
| US8150519B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2012-04-03 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for bilateral renal neuromodulation |
| US8145316B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2012-03-27 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for renal neuromodulation |
| US9636174B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2017-05-02 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods for therapeutic renal neuromodulation |
| US8347891B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2013-01-08 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods and apparatus for performing a non-continuous circumferential treatment of a body lumen |
| US9308044B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2016-04-12 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods for therapeutic renal neuromodulation |
| US7162303B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2007-01-09 | Ardian, Inc. | Renal nerve stimulation method and apparatus for treatment of patients |
| US9308043B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2016-04-12 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods for monopolar renal neuromodulation |
| US7853333B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2010-12-14 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for multi-vessel renal neuromodulation |
| US20140018880A1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2014-01-16 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods for monopolar renal neuromodulation |
| AU2003299471A1 (en) | 2002-05-07 | 2004-05-13 | Kai Kroll | Method and device for treating concer with electrical therapy in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy |
| JP2006504472A (ja) | 2002-10-29 | 2006-02-09 | ティシューリンク・メディカル・インコーポレーテッド | 流体補助電気外科手術鋏及び方法 |
| US20040226556A1 (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2004-11-18 | Deem Mark E. | Apparatus for treating asthma using neurotoxin |
| ES2564694T3 (es) | 2003-09-12 | 2016-03-28 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | Sistema de remodelación y / o ablación excéntrica seleccionable de material ateroesclerótico |
| US7396336B2 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2008-07-08 | Sherwood Services Ag | Switched resonant ultrasonic power amplifier system |
| US7727232B1 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2010-06-01 | Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc. | Fluid-assisted medical devices and methods |
| US20050251116A1 (en) * | 2004-05-05 | 2005-11-10 | Minnow Medical, Llc | Imaging and eccentric atherosclerotic material laser remodeling and/or ablation catheter |
| US8920414B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2014-12-30 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | Tuned RF energy and electrical tissue characterization for selective treatment of target tissues |
| US10973570B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2021-04-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Apparatus and method for treatment of in-stent restenosis |
| US9713730B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2017-07-25 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Apparatus and method for treatment of in-stent restenosis |
| US8396548B2 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2013-03-12 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | Selective drug delivery in a lumen |
| US8167944B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2012-05-01 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spine |
| US8152837B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2012-04-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spine |
| US8128662B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2012-03-06 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Minimally invasive tooling for delivery of interspinous spacer |
| US9119680B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2015-09-01 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Interspinous spacer |
| US7763074B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2010-07-27 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spine |
| US9023084B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2015-05-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Systems and methods for stabilizing the motion or adjusting the position of the spine |
| US8277488B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2012-10-02 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Interspinous spacer |
| US8012207B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2011-09-06 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spine |
| US8613747B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2013-12-24 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Spacer insertion instrument |
| US9161783B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2015-10-20 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Interspinous spacer |
| US8123782B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2012-02-28 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Interspinous spacer |
| US8317864B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2012-11-27 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spine |
| US8425559B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2013-04-23 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spine |
| WO2009009049A2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2009-01-15 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Interspinous spacer |
| US8123807B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2012-02-28 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spine |
| US8409282B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2013-04-02 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spine |
| WO2009086010A2 (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2009-07-09 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Spacer insertion instrument |
| JP5219518B2 (ja) | 2004-12-09 | 2013-06-26 | ザ ファウンドリー, エルエルシー | 大動脈弁修復 |
| US20060206178A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-14 | Kim Daniel H | Percutaneous endoscopic access tools for the spinal epidural space and related methods of treatment |
| EP2438877B1 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2016-02-17 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | Intraluminal electrical tissue characterization and tuned RF energy for selective treatment of atheroma and other target tissues |
| US9474564B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2016-10-25 | Covidien Ag | Method and system for compensating for external impedance of an energy carrying component when controlling an electrosurgical generator |
| US20070021803A1 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-25 | The Foundry Inc. | Systems and methods for neuromodulation for treatment of pain and other disorders associated with nerve conduction |
| US8657814B2 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2014-02-25 | Medtronic Ablation Frontiers Llc | User interface for tissue ablation system |
| US8734438B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2014-05-27 | Covidien Ag | Circuit and method for reducing stored energy in an electrosurgical generator |
| US8369922B2 (en) | 2005-12-06 | 2013-02-05 | St. Jude Medical Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Method for displaying catheter electrode-tissue contact in electro-anatomic mapping and navigation system |
| US10362959B2 (en) | 2005-12-06 | 2019-07-30 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | System and method for assessing the proximity of an electrode to tissue in a body |
| US9492226B2 (en) | 2005-12-06 | 2016-11-15 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Graphical user interface for real-time RF lesion depth display |
| WO2007070361A2 (en) | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-21 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Assessment of electrode coupling for tissue ablation |
| US8406866B2 (en) | 2005-12-06 | 2013-03-26 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | System and method for assessing coupling between an electrode and tissue |
| US8603084B2 (en) | 2005-12-06 | 2013-12-10 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | System and method for assessing the formation of a lesion in tissue |
| US8403925B2 (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2013-03-26 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | System and method for assessing lesions in tissue |
| US9254163B2 (en) | 2005-12-06 | 2016-02-09 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Assessment of electrode coupling for tissue ablation |
| US9186200B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2015-11-17 | Covidien Ag | System and method for tissue sealing |
| CA2574935A1 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2007-07-24 | Sherwood Services Ag | A method and system for controlling an output of a radio-frequency medical generator having an impedance based control algorithm |
| WO2007092610A2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-16 | Tivamed, Inc. | Vaginal remodeling device and methods |
| US7749249B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2010-07-06 | Kardium Inc. | Method and device for closing holes in tissue |
| US20070225734A1 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-09-27 | Minos Medical | Systems and methods for less invasive resolution of maladies of tissue including the appendix, gall bladder, and hemorrhoids |
| US7651492B2 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2010-01-26 | Covidien Ag | Arc based adaptive control system for an electrosurgical unit |
| US8019435B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 | 2011-09-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Control of arterial smooth muscle tone |
| WO2007136566A2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-29 | Prorhythm, Inc. | Ablation device with optimized input power profile and method of using the same |
| US20070270688A1 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-22 | Daniel Gelbart | Automatic atherectomy system |
| WO2007149905A2 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2007-12-27 | Aortx, Inc. | Prosthetic valve implant site preparation techniques |
| US11389232B2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2022-07-19 | Kardium Inc. | Apparatus and method for intra-cardiac mapping and ablation |
| US8920411B2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2014-12-30 | Kardium Inc. | Apparatus and method for intra-cardiac mapping and ablation |
| US9119633B2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2015-09-01 | Kardium Inc. | Apparatus and method for intra-cardiac mapping and ablation |
| US10028783B2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2018-07-24 | Kardium Inc. | Apparatus and method for intra-cardiac mapping and ablation |
| EP2218479A3 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2013-06-05 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.à.r.l. | Methods and systems for thermally-induced renal neuromodulation |
| US8449605B2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2013-05-28 | Kardium Inc. | Method for anchoring a mitral valve |
| US7837610B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2010-11-23 | Kardium Inc. | System for improving diastolic dysfunction |
| US9867530B2 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2018-01-16 | Volcano Corporation | Telescopic side port catheter device with imaging system and method for accessing side branch occlusions |
| AU2013231125B2 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2015-08-20 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | System for inducing desirable temperature effects on body tissue |
| AU2013237732B2 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2015-10-22 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | Inducing desirable temperature effects on body tissue |
| EP2076194B1 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2013-04-24 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | System for inducing desirable temperature effects on body tissue |
| EP2076198A4 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2009-12-09 | Minnow Medical Inc | Inducing Desired Temperatreating Effects on Body Weave |
| US8845726B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2014-09-30 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Dilator |
| US9375246B2 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2016-06-28 | Covidien Lp | System and method of using thermal and electrical conductivity of tissue |
| AU2008218267A1 (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2008-08-28 | Spine View, Inc. | Expandable rotating device and method for tissue aspiration |
| US20080249523A1 (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-09 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Controller for flexible tissue ablation procedures |
| CA2684461C (en) | 2007-04-16 | 2015-06-30 | Vertiflex Inc. | Interspinous spacer |
| US8496653B2 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2013-07-30 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Thrombus removal |
| US20080312651A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-18 | Karl Pope | Apparatus and methods for selective heating of tissue |
| WO2009006748A2 (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-15 | Sis-Medical Ag | Method and system to detect neointima coverage of a stent |
| US9596993B2 (en) | 2007-07-12 | 2017-03-21 | Volcano Corporation | Automatic calibration systems and methods of use |
| WO2009009799A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 | 2009-01-15 | Volcano Corporation | Catheter for in vivo imaging |
| US10219780B2 (en) | 2007-07-12 | 2019-03-05 | Volcano Corporation | OCT-IVUS catheter for concurrent luminal imaging |
| US9757098B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2017-09-12 | Dune Medical Devices Ltd. | Medical device and method for use in tissue characterization and treatment |
| US9901362B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2018-02-27 | Dune Medical Devices Ltd. | Medical device and method for use in tissue characterization and treatment |
| US9999353B2 (en) * | 2007-07-16 | 2018-06-19 | Dune Medical Devices Ltd. | Medical device and method for use in tissue characterization and treatment |
| US20100049189A1 (en) * | 2007-07-22 | 2010-02-25 | Duane Dickens | Device and method for treating annular organ structure |
| CN101815476A (zh) * | 2007-08-27 | 2010-08-25 | 脊柱诊察公司 | 用于进入和察看脊柱的囊袋套管系统及相关方法 |
| EP2200499B1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2019-05-01 | Medtronic Monitoring, Inc. | Multi-sensor patient monitor to detect impending cardiac decompensation |
| EP2040059A3 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2013-09-04 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Optical tomography imaging system, contact area detecting method and image processing method using the same, and optical tomographic image obtaining method |
| US8512332B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2013-08-20 | Covidien Lp | Real-time arc control in electrosurgical generators |
| JP5302321B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-12 | 2013-10-02 | コンメッド コーポレーション | 心拍出量測定装置および方法 |
| US8906011B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2014-12-09 | Kardium Inc. | Medical device for use in bodily lumens, for example an atrium |
| US8280484B2 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2012-10-02 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | System, devices, and methods for detecting occlusions in a biological subject |
| US9672471B2 (en) | 2007-12-18 | 2017-06-06 | Gearbox Llc | Systems, devices, and methods for detecting occlusions in a biological subject including spectral learning |
| US9717896B2 (en) | 2007-12-18 | 2017-08-01 | Gearbox, Llc | Treatment indications informed by a priori implant information |
| US9204927B2 (en) | 2009-05-13 | 2015-12-08 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | System and method for presenting information representative of lesion formation in tissue during an ablation procedure |
| US8290578B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2012-10-16 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Method and apparatus for complex impedance compensation |
| EP2244670B1 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2017-09-13 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Interspinous spacer |
| US8489172B2 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2013-07-16 | Kardium Inc. | Liposuction system |
| US8483831B1 (en) | 2008-02-15 | 2013-07-09 | Holaira, Inc. | System and method for bronchial dilation |
| US9949794B2 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2018-04-24 | Covidien Lp | Microwave ablation devices including expandable antennas and methods of use |
| WO2009132188A1 (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2009-10-29 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Methods, systems, and devices for tissue characterization by spectral similarity of intravascular ultrasound signals |
| US9549713B2 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2017-01-24 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Methods, systems, and devices for tissue characterization and quantification using intravascular ultrasound signals |
| US9598691B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2017-03-21 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Irreversible electroporation to create tissue scaffolds |
| US8992517B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2015-03-31 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties Inc. | Irreversible electroporation to treat aberrant cell masses |
| US10117707B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2018-11-06 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | System and method for estimating tissue heating of a target ablation zone for electrical-energy based therapies |
| US10702326B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2020-07-07 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Device and method for electroporation based treatment of stenosis of a tubular body part |
| US10238447B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2019-03-26 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | System and method for ablating a tissue site by electroporation with real-time monitoring of treatment progress |
| US10245098B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2019-04-02 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Acute blood-brain barrier disruption using electrical energy based therapy |
| US11272979B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2022-03-15 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | System and method for estimating tissue heating of a target ablation zone for electrical-energy based therapies |
| US9867652B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2018-01-16 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Irreversible electroporation using tissue vasculature to treat aberrant cell masses or create tissue scaffolds |
| US9283051B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2016-03-15 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | System and method for estimating a treatment volume for administering electrical-energy based therapies |
| US11254926B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2022-02-22 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Devices and methods for high frequency electroporation |
| US9198733B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2015-12-01 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Treatment planning for electroporation-based therapies |
| US10272178B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2019-04-30 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties Inc. | Methods for blood-brain barrier disruption using electrical energy |
| DK2271933T3 (da) * | 2008-05-07 | 2013-04-02 | Univ Strathclyde | System og fremgangsmåde til cellekarakterisering |
| KR101719824B1 (ko) | 2008-05-09 | 2017-04-04 | 호라이라 인코포레이티드 | 기관지나무 치료용 시스템, 어셈블리 및 방법 |
| US20090287304A1 (en) | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-19 | Kardium Inc. | Medical Device for Constricting Tissue or a Bodily Orifice, for example a mitral valve |
| US8172835B2 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2012-05-08 | Cutera, Inc. | Subcutaneous electric field distribution system and methods |
| US20090306647A1 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-10 | Greg Leyh | Dynamically controllable multi-electrode apparatus & methods |
| US8679106B2 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2014-03-25 | Medwaves, Inc. | Angioplasty and tissue ablation apparatus and method |
| US20100071626A1 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-03-25 | Michael Hoey | System and method of detecting disease in mammal |
| US20100022999A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-01-28 | Gollnick David A | Symmetrical rf electrosurgical system and methods |
| US9089700B2 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2015-07-28 | Cibiem, Inc. | Systems and methods for treating dyspnea, including via electrical afferent signal blocking |
| US9211155B2 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2015-12-15 | Prostacare Pty Ltd. | Non-thermal ablation system for treating BPH and other growths |
| US8403924B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2013-03-26 | Vivant Medical, Inc. | Shielding for an isolation apparatus used in a microwave generator |
| US8242782B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2012-08-14 | Vivant Medical, Inc. | Microwave ablation generator control system |
| US9545216B2 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2017-01-17 | Mc10, Inc. | Catheter balloon methods and apparatus employing sensing elements |
| US8886334B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2014-11-11 | Mc10, Inc. | Systems, methods, and devices using stretchable or flexible electronics for medical applications |
| JP5646492B2 (ja) | 2008-10-07 | 2014-12-24 | エムシー10 インコーポレイテッドMc10,Inc. | 伸縮可能な集積回路およびセンサアレイを有する装置 |
| US8097926B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2012-01-17 | Mc10, Inc. | Systems, methods, and devices having stretchable integrated circuitry for sensing and delivering therapy |
| US8372726B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2013-02-12 | Mc10, Inc. | Methods and applications of non-planar imaging arrays |
| US8389862B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2013-03-05 | Mc10, Inc. | Extremely stretchable electronics |
| US9123614B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2015-09-01 | Mc10, Inc. | Methods and applications of non-planar imaging arrays |
| US8386010B2 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2013-02-26 | Covidien Lp | Surgical tissue monitoring system |
| US9795442B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2017-10-24 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Ablation catheters |
| JP5307900B2 (ja) | 2008-11-17 | 2013-10-02 | べシックス・バスキュラー・インコーポレイテッド | 組織トポグラフィの知識によらないエネルギーの選択的な蓄積 |
| US8652129B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-02-18 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Apparatus, systems, and methods for achieving intravascular, thermally-induced renal neuromodulation |
| US8262652B2 (en) | 2009-01-12 | 2012-09-11 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Imaginary impedance process monitoring and intelligent shut-off |
| US9254168B2 (en) | 2009-02-02 | 2016-02-09 | Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc | Electro-thermotherapy of tissue using penetrating microelectrode array |
| US8211097B2 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2012-07-03 | Cutera, Inc. | Optimizing RF power spatial distribution using frequency control |
| US8632534B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2014-01-21 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Irreversible electroporation (IRE) for congestive obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| US8496655B2 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2013-07-30 | Michael J. O'Donnell | System and method for resecting a valve |
| US11382681B2 (en) | 2009-04-09 | 2022-07-12 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Device and methods for delivery of high frequency electrical pulses for non-thermal ablation |
| US11638603B2 (en) | 2009-04-09 | 2023-05-02 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Selective modulation of intracellular effects of cells using pulsed electric fields |
| US8551096B2 (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2013-10-08 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Directional delivery of energy and bioactives |
| WO2010138919A2 (en) | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-02 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | System and method for synchronizing energy delivery to the cardiac rhythm |
| US8834460B2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2014-09-16 | Covidien Lp | Microwave ablation safety pad, microwave safety pad system and method of use |
| US9895189B2 (en) | 2009-06-19 | 2018-02-20 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Methods of sterilization and treating infection using irreversible electroporation |
| US20110046618A1 (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-24 | Minar Christopher D | Methods and systems for treating occluded blood vessels and other body cannula |
| US10828100B2 (en) | 2009-08-25 | 2020-11-10 | Covidien Lp | Microwave ablation with tissue temperature monitoring |
| IN2012DN01917A (es) | 2009-09-08 | 2015-07-24 | Salient Surgical Tech Inc | |
| KR101643799B1 (ko) | 2009-09-18 | 2016-07-28 | 비베베, 아이엔씨. | 질 재건 기구 및 방법 |
| US8467844B2 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2013-06-18 | Neurovision Medical Products, Inc. | Electrode for prolonged monitoring of laryngeal electromyography |
| WO2011041727A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 | 2011-04-07 | Mc10, Inc. | Protective cases with integrated electronics |
| EP2482749B1 (en) | 2009-10-01 | 2017-08-30 | Kardium Inc. | Kit for constricting tissue or a bodily orifice, for example, a mitral valve |
| ES2808155T3 (es) | 2009-10-02 | 2021-02-25 | Medtronic Xomed Inc | Aparato de tubo endotraqueal |
| US11998266B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2024-06-04 | Otsuka Medical Devices Co., Ltd | Intravascular energy delivery |
| EP2926757B1 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2023-01-25 | Nuvaira, Inc. | Delivery devices with coolable energy emitting assemblies |
| JP5768056B2 (ja) | 2009-10-30 | 2015-08-26 | リコール メディカル インコーポレイテッドReCor Medical, Inc. | 経皮的超音波腎神経除去による高血圧症を治療するための方法及び装置 |
| US8911439B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2014-12-16 | Holaira, Inc. | Non-invasive and minimally invasive denervation methods and systems for performing the same |
| AU2010319477A1 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2012-05-24 | Holaira, Inc. | Systems, apparatuses, and methods for treating tissue and controlling stenosis |
| CA2781951A1 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Assembly of staggered ablation elements |
| WO2011084477A2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2011-07-14 | Vertifex, Inc. | Spinal spacer for cervical and other vertebra, and associated systems and methods |
| US20110208181A1 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-25 | Emcision Limited | Methods and systems for restoring patency |
| EP2544616B1 (en) | 2010-03-11 | 2017-09-06 | Medtronic Advanced Energy LLC | Bipolar electrosurgical cutter with position insensitive return electrode contact |
| CN103068330B (zh) * | 2010-04-09 | 2016-06-29 | Vessix血管股份有限公司 | 用于治疗组织的功率发生和控制装置 |
| US9192790B2 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2015-11-24 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Focused ultrasonic renal denervation |
| JP6153865B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-03 | 2017-06-28 | ニューウェーブ メディカル, インコーポレイテッドNeuwave Medical, Inc. | エネルギー送達システム |
| EP2568905A4 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2017-07-26 | Shifamed Holdings, LLC | Low profile electrode assembly |
| US9655677B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2017-05-23 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Ablation catheters including a balloon and electrodes |
| US9050066B2 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2015-06-09 | Kardium Inc. | Closing openings in anatomical tissue |
| US8473067B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2013-06-25 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Renal denervation and stimulation employing wireless vascular energy transfer arrangement |
| EP2593029A4 (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2015-03-04 | Sandhill Scient Inc | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING AND MEASURING AN INCIDENT OF THE FIBERGLARE MICROPHOSIS AND SYNTHESIS ON GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE |
| US11963716B2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2024-04-23 | Emblation Limited | Apparatus and method for the treatment of dermatological diseases or conditions |
| US9408661B2 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2016-08-09 | Patrick A. Haverkost | RF electrodes on multiple flexible wires for renal nerve ablation |
| US9358365B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2016-06-07 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Precision electrode movement control for renal nerve ablation |
| US9084609B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2015-07-21 | Boston Scientific Scime, Inc. | Spiral balloon catheter for renal nerve ablation |
| US9155589B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2015-10-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Sequential activation RF electrode set for renal nerve ablation |
| US9463062B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2016-10-11 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Cooled conductive balloon RF catheter for renal nerve ablation |
| CN103547229B (zh) | 2010-08-05 | 2017-09-26 | 美敦力Af卢森堡有限责任公司 | 用于肾神经调制的低温消融装置、系统及方法 |
| US8940002B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2015-01-27 | Kardium Inc. | Tissue anchor system |
| EP2627274B1 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2022-12-14 | AngioDynamics, Inc. | System for electrically ablating tissue of a patient |
| US9084610B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2015-07-21 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Catheter apparatuses, systems, and methods for renal neuromodulation |
| JP2013544133A (ja) | 2010-10-25 | 2013-12-12 | メドトロニック アーディアン ルクセンブルク ソシエテ ア レスポンサビリテ リミテ | 腎ニューロモジュレーションのためのマルチ電極アレイを有するカテーテル装置ならびに関連のシステムおよび方法 |
| US8974451B2 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2015-03-10 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Renal nerve ablation using conductive fluid jet and RF energy |
| CN103313671B (zh) | 2010-10-25 | 2017-06-06 | 美敦力Af卢森堡有限责任公司 | 用于神经调节治疗的估算及反馈的装置、系统及方法 |
| WO2012061150A1 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2012-05-10 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.a.r.I. | Microwave catheter apparatuses, systems, and methods for renal neuromodulation |
| US20120136344A1 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2012-05-31 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation cryotherapeutic devices and associated systems and methods |
| US9220558B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2015-12-29 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | RF renal denervation catheter with multiple independent electrodes |
| US9028485B2 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2015-05-12 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Self-expanding cooling electrode for renal nerve ablation |
| US9089350B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2015-07-28 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Renal denervation catheter with RF electrode and integral contrast dye injection arrangement |
| US9668811B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2017-06-06 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Minimally invasive access for renal nerve ablation |
| US9326751B2 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2016-05-03 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Catheter guidance of external energy for renal denervation |
| WO2012068268A2 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-24 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Therapeutic renal neuromodulation for treating dyspnea and associated systems and methods |
| US9060761B2 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2015-06-23 | Boston Scientific Scime, Inc. | Catheter-focused magnetic field induced renal nerve ablation |
| US9023034B2 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2015-05-05 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Renal ablation electrode with force-activatable conduction apparatus |
| US9192435B2 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2015-11-24 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Renal denervation catheter with cooled RF electrode |
| US20120150169A1 (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-14 | Medtronic, Inc. | Impedance measurement to monitor organ perfusion or hemodynamic status |
| US20120157993A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2012-06-21 | Jenson Mark L | Bipolar Off-Wall Electrode Device for Renal Nerve Ablation |
| WO2012088149A2 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-28 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | High-frequency electroporation for cancer therapy |
| US11141063B2 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2021-10-12 | Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation | Integrated system architectures and methods of use |
| US20120220866A1 (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2012-08-30 | Volcano Corporation | Deep Vein Thrombosis Therapeutic Methods Using Therapeutic Inflatable Devices and Systems |
| US11040140B2 (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2021-06-22 | Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation | Deep vein thrombosis therapeutic methods |
| CN103582463B (zh) | 2011-01-19 | 2018-02-13 | 弗拉克泰尔实验室公司 | 用于组织处理的装置与方法 |
| US9220561B2 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2015-12-29 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Guide-compatible large-electrode catheter for renal nerve ablation with reduced arterial injury |
| US9452016B2 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2016-09-27 | Kardium Inc. | Catheter system |
| US9486273B2 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2016-11-08 | Kardium Inc. | High-density electrode-based medical device system |
| US11259867B2 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2022-03-01 | Kardium Inc. | High-density electrode-based medical device system |
| CA2764494A1 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2012-07-21 | Kardium Inc. | Enhanced medical device for use in bodily cavities, for example an atrium |
| US9265557B2 (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2016-02-23 | Medtronic Ablation Frontiers Llc | Multi frequency and multi polarity complex impedance measurements to assess ablation lesions |
| US9072511B2 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2015-07-07 | Kardium Inc. | Medical kit for constricting tissue or a bodily orifice, for example, a mitral valve |
| US9579150B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2017-02-28 | Covidien Lp | Microwave ablation instrument with interchangeable antenna probe |
| JP5759615B2 (ja) | 2011-04-08 | 2015-08-05 | コヴィディエン リミテッド パートナーシップ | 腎交感神経の除神経およびイオン導入薬物送達のためのイオン導入カテーテルシステムならびに方法 |
| US20120259314A1 (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2012-10-11 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Apparatus and Methods for Recanalization of a Chronic Total Occlusion |
| WO2012145073A1 (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-10-26 | Topera, Inc. | Basket style cardiac mapping catheter having spline bends for detection of cardiac rhythm disorders |
| EP2701623B1 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2016-08-17 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.à.r.l. | Apparatus related to constrained deployment of cryogenic balloons for limited cryogenic ablation of vessel walls |
| CN102178570B (zh) * | 2011-04-30 | 2012-11-28 | 中国人民解放军第三军医大学第三附属医院 | 动脉栓塞临时体表转流装置 |
| US8909316B2 (en) | 2011-05-18 | 2014-12-09 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Apparatus and method of assessing transvascular denervation |
| KR102000302B1 (ko) | 2011-05-27 | 2019-07-15 | 엠씨10, 인크 | 전자, 광학, 및/또는 기계 장치 및 시스템, 그리고 이를 제조하기 위한 방법 |
| US9492113B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2016-11-15 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Systems and methods for monitoring organ activity |
| AU2012283908B2 (en) | 2011-07-20 | 2017-02-16 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Percutaneous devices and methods to visualize, target and ablate nerves |
| CN103813829B (zh) | 2011-07-22 | 2016-05-18 | 波士顿科学西美德公司 | 具有可定位于螺旋引导件中的神经调制元件的神经调制系统 |
| DE102011080772B3 (de) * | 2011-08-10 | 2012-12-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung, System und Verfahren zum Detektieren einer Sinneswahrnehmung |
| US9033973B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2015-05-19 | Covidien Lp | System and method for DC tissue impedance sensing |
| US20130066308A1 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2013-03-14 | Jaime Landman | Ablation-based therapy for bladder pathologies |
| US9360630B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2016-06-07 | Volcano Corporation | Optical-electrical rotary joint and methods of use |
| US12324603B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2025-06-10 | Venturemed Group, Inc. | Intravascular catheter having an expandable incising portion |
| AU2012308610B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2017-03-09 | Venturemed Group, Inc. | Intravascular catheter having an expandable incising portion |
| US10610255B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2020-04-07 | John P. Pigott | Intravascular catheter having an expandable incising portion and medication delivery system |
| US10463387B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2019-11-05 | John P. Pigott | Intravascular catheter having an expandable incising portion for incising atherosclerotic material located in a blood vessel |
| US11357533B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2022-06-14 | Venturemed Group, Inc. | Intravascular catheter having an expandable incising portion and abrasive surfaces |
| US11413062B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2022-08-16 | Venturemed Group, Inc. | Methods for preparing a zone of attention within a vascular system for subsequent angioplasty with an intravascular catheter device having an expandable incising portion and an integrated embolic protection device |
| US11559325B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2023-01-24 | Venturemed Group, Inc. | Intravascular catheter having an expandable incising portion and grating tool |
| US9078665B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2015-07-14 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Multiple treatment zone ablation probe |
| US9427579B2 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2016-08-30 | Pacesetter, Inc. | System and method for performing renal denervation verification |
| US9750565B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2017-09-05 | Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc | Electrosurgical balloons |
| WO2013052590A1 (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2013-04-11 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | Apparatus and method for treatment of in-stent restenosis |
| US9265459B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2016-02-23 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Methods and systems for detection and thermal treatment of lower urinary tract conditions |
| WO2013052848A1 (en) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-04-11 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Methods for detection and thermal treatment of lower urinary tract conditions |
| EP2765942B1 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2016-02-24 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical devices including ablation electrodes |
| US9420955B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2016-08-23 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Intravascular temperature monitoring system and method |
| WO2013055815A1 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-18 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Off -wall electrode device for nerve modulation |
| US9364284B2 (en) | 2011-10-12 | 2016-06-14 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Method of making an off-wall spacer cage |
| US9079000B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 | 2015-07-14 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Integrated crossing balloon catheter |
| US9162046B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 | 2015-10-20 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Deflectable medical devices |
| EP2775899B1 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2017-08-23 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.à.r.l. | Endovascular nerve monitoring devices and associated systems |
| CN108095821B (zh) | 2011-11-08 | 2021-05-25 | 波士顿科学西美德公司 | 孔部肾神经消融 |
| US9119600B2 (en) | 2011-11-15 | 2015-09-01 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Device and methods for renal nerve modulation monitoring |
| US9119632B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2015-09-01 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Deflectable renal nerve ablation catheter |
| US9192766B2 (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2015-11-24 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Renal neuromodulation methods and devices for treatment of polycystic kidney disease |
| CA2856732A1 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-13 | Metavention, Inc. | Therapeutic neuromodulation of the hepatic system |
| US9131980B2 (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2015-09-15 | Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc | Electrosurgical devices |
| US9265969B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2016-02-23 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Methods for modulating cell function |
| JP6158830B2 (ja) | 2011-12-23 | 2017-07-05 | べシックス・バスキュラー・インコーポレイテッド | 身体通路の組織又は身体通路に隣接する組織をリモデリングするためのシステム、方法及び装置 |
| WO2013101452A1 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-04 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Device and methods for nerve modulation using a novel ablation catheter with polymeric ablative elements |
| US9050106B2 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2015-06-09 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Off-wall electrode device and methods for nerve modulation |
| US8825130B2 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-09-02 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Electrode support structure assemblies |
| US9931079B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2018-04-03 | Medtronic Xomed, Inc. | Clamp for securing a terminal end of a wire to a surface electrode |
| US9119648B2 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2015-09-01 | Covidien Lp | System and method for treating tissue using an expandable antenna |
| US9113931B2 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2015-08-25 | Covidien Lp | System and method for treating tissue using an expandable antenna |
| USD777926S1 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2017-01-31 | Kardium Inc. | Intra-cardiac procedure device |
| USD777925S1 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2017-01-31 | Kardium Inc. | Intra-cardiac procedure device |
| US9414881B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2016-08-16 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | System and method for increasing a target zone for electrical ablation |
| AU2013226062B2 (en) | 2012-02-27 | 2017-10-19 | Fractyl Health, Inc. | Heat ablation systems, devices and methods for the treatment of tissue |
| US9089341B2 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2015-07-28 | Surefire Medical, Inc. | Renal nerve neuromodulation device |
| WO2013134469A1 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-12 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg Sarl | Selective modulation of renal nerves |
| AU2013230781B2 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2015-12-03 | Medtronic Af Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Ovarian neuromodulation and associated systems and methods |
| WO2013134492A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-12 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg Sarl | Neuromodulation and associated systems and methods for the treatment of sexual dysfunction |
| AU2013230893B2 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2015-12-03 | Medtronic Af Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation and associated systems and methods for the management of pain |
| JP6195856B2 (ja) | 2012-03-08 | 2017-09-13 | メドトロニック アーディアン ルクセンブルク ソシエテ ア レスポンサビリテ リミテ | 神経調節装置に関するバイオマーカーのサンプリングならびに関連システムおよび方法 |
| US20150111918A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2015-04-23 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.a.r.l | Immune system neuromodulation and associated systems and methods |
| WO2013134541A2 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-12 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg Sarl | Gastrointestinal neuromodulation and associated systems and methods |
| US9883909B2 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2018-02-06 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Renal neuromodulation methods and systems for treatment of hyperaldosteronism |
| US8934988B2 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2015-01-13 | St. Jude Medical Ab | Ablation stent with meander structure |
| CN103301567B (zh) | 2012-03-16 | 2016-04-06 | 女康乐公司 | 一种修复女性阴道组织的治疗器 |
| EP2838598B1 (en) | 2012-04-19 | 2020-01-15 | Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. | Tissue expansion devices |
| US9113929B2 (en) | 2012-04-19 | 2015-08-25 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Non-electric field renal denervation electrode |
| US9393070B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2016-07-19 | Cibiem, Inc. | Endovascular catheters and methods for carotid body ablation |
| US9848950B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2017-12-26 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods and devices for localized disease treatment by ablation |
| US10258791B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2019-04-16 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Catheter assemblies for neuromodulation proximate a bifurcation of a renal artery and associated systems and methods |
| US20150088113A1 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2015-03-26 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Cryotherapeutic devices for renal neuromodulation and associated systems and methods |
| WO2013162721A1 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-31 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg Sarl | Methods and devices for localized inhibition of inflammation by ablation |
| US9241752B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2016-01-26 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Shafts with pressure relief in cryotherapeutic catheters and associated devices, systems, and methods |
| WO2013169927A1 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2013-11-14 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Renal nerve modulation devices |
| US8888773B2 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2014-11-18 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Multi-electrode catheter assemblies for renal neuromodulation and associated systems and methods |
| US9581627B2 (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2017-02-28 | General Electric Company | Method and system for tomographic imaging |
| US9198592B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2015-12-01 | Kardium Inc. | Systems and methods for activating transducers |
| US9017321B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2015-04-28 | Kardium, Inc. | Systems and methods for activating transducers |
| US10827977B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2020-11-10 | Kardium Inc. | Systems and methods for activating transducers |
| DE102012104381A1 (de) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-28 | Acandis Gmbh & Co. Kg | Medizinisches System zum endovaskulären Temperieren von Blut und medizinischer Katheter |
| US20130324910A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Covidien Lp | Ablation device with drug delivery component and biopsy tissue-sampling component |
| US9402677B2 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2016-08-02 | Cibiem, Inc. | Methods and devices for cryogenic carotid body ablation |
| EP2854681A4 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2016-02-17 | Cibiem Inc | PERCUTANEOUS METHODS AND DEVICES FOR CAROTIDE BODY ABLATION |
| US9529025B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2016-12-27 | Covidien Lp | Systems and methods for measuring the frequency of signals generated by high frequency medical devices |
| US9955946B2 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2018-05-01 | Cibiem, Inc. | Carotid body ablation with a transvenous ultrasound imaging and ablation catheter |
| WO2014005155A1 (en) | 2012-06-30 | 2014-01-03 | Cibiem, Inc. | Carotid body ablation via directed energy |
| CN103519882B (zh) * | 2012-07-07 | 2017-09-12 | 李莉 | 肾动脉多极消融导管 |
| EP2879605A4 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2016-04-06 | Fractyl Lab Inc | ELECTRICITY CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES AND METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF TISSUE |
| WO2014026055A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2014-02-13 | Fractyl Laboratories Inc. | Ablation systems, devices and methods for the treatment of tissue |
| US20140073907A1 (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2014-03-13 | Convergent Life Sciences, Inc. | System and method for image guided medical procedures |
| WO2014032016A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Intravascular catheter with a balloon comprising separate microporous regions |
| CN102784006B (zh) * | 2012-08-24 | 2015-11-25 | 邹英华 | 用于治疗高血压的射频消融电极 |
| WO2014043687A2 (en) | 2012-09-17 | 2014-03-20 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Self-positioning electrode system and method for renal nerve modulation |
| WO2014047411A1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | System for nerve modulation and innocuous thermal gradient nerve block |
| WO2014047454A2 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Self-cooling ultrasound ablation catheter |
| US9307926B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2016-04-12 | Volcano Corporation | Automatic stent detection |
| US9858668B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2018-01-02 | Volcano Corporation | Guidewire artifact removal in images |
| US11272845B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2022-03-15 | Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation | System and method for instant and automatic border detection |
| WO2014055997A1 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-10 | Fractyl Laboratories Inc. | Methods, systems and devices for performing multiple treatments on a patient |
| US9367965B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2016-06-14 | Volcano Corporation | Systems and methods for generating images of tissue |
| US9292918B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2016-03-22 | Volcano Corporation | Methods and systems for transforming luminal images |
| US10070827B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2018-09-11 | Volcano Corporation | Automatic image playback |
| US20140100454A1 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-10 | Volcano Corporation | Methods and systems for establishing parameters for three-dimensional imaging |
| US9324141B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2016-04-26 | Volcano Corporation | Removal of A-scan streaking artifact |
| US9286673B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2016-03-15 | Volcano Corporation | Systems for correcting distortions in a medical image and methods of use thereof |
| EP2904671B1 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2022-05-04 | David Welford | Systems and methods for amplifying light |
| US10568586B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2020-02-25 | Volcano Corporation | Systems for indicating parameters in an imaging data set and methods of use |
| US9171794B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2015-10-27 | Mc10, Inc. | Embedding thin chips in polymer |
| JP6074051B2 (ja) | 2012-10-10 | 2017-02-01 | ボストン サイエンティフィック サイムド,インコーポレイテッドBoston Scientific Scimed,Inc. | 血管内神経変調システム及び医療用デバイス |
| US20140110296A1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Packaging for Catheter Treatment Devices and Associated Devices, Systems, and Methods |
| EP3578222B1 (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2024-06-19 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.à.r.l. | Catheters with enhanced flexibility |
| US9044575B2 (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2015-06-02 | Medtronic Adrian Luxembourg S.a.r.l. | Catheters with enhanced flexibility and associated devices, systems, and methods |
| US9840734B2 (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2017-12-12 | Raindance Technologies, Inc. | Methods for analyzing DNA |
| US20140128859A1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-08 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | Flex circuit/balloon assemblies utilizing textured surfaces for enhanced bonding |
| US9060744B2 (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2015-06-23 | Medtronic Xomed, Inc. | Endobronchial tube apparatus |
| EP2931132B1 (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2023-07-05 | Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation | System for targeted cannulation |
| US9901399B2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2018-02-27 | Covidien Lp | Ablation probe with tissue sensing configuration |
| JP6785554B2 (ja) | 2012-12-20 | 2020-11-18 | ボルケーノ コーポレイション | 平滑遷移カテーテル |
| US9709379B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2017-07-18 | Volcano Corporation | Optical coherence tomography system that is reconfigurable between different imaging modes |
| US10942022B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2021-03-09 | Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation | Manual calibration of imaging system |
| US10939826B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2021-03-09 | Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation | Aspirating and removing biological material |
| US11406498B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2022-08-09 | Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation | Implant delivery system and implants |
| US9730613B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2017-08-15 | Volcano Corporation | Locating intravascular images |
| US10058284B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2018-08-28 | Volcano Corporation | Simultaneous imaging, monitoring, and therapy |
| US10332228B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2019-06-25 | Volcano Corporation | System and method for graphical processing of medical data |
| WO2014099672A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Andrew Hancock | System and method for multipath processing of image signals |
| US9612105B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2017-04-04 | Volcano Corporation | Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography system |
| EP2936626A4 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-08-17 | David Welford | SYSTEMS AND METHOD FOR REDUCING A WAVELENGTH LIGHT EMISSION |
| EP2934280B1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2022-10-19 | Mai, Jerome | Ultrasound imaging with variable line density |
| EP2934653B1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2018-09-19 | Douglas Meyer | Rotational ultrasound imaging catheter with extended catheter body telescope |
| WO2014100397A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Jason Spencer | Catheter orienting markers |
| US9486143B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-11-08 | Volcano Corporation | Intravascular forward imaging device |
| US10413317B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2019-09-17 | Volcano Corporation | System and method for catheter steering and operation |
| CA2896004A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Nathaniel J. Kemp | Power-efficient optical buffering using optical switch |
| US9398933B2 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2016-07-26 | Holaira, Inc. | Methods for improving drug efficacy including a combination of drug administration and nerve modulation |
| US9179997B2 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2015-11-10 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Thermochromic polyvinyl alcohol based hydrogel artery |
| EP2965263B1 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2022-07-20 | Bernhard Sturm | Multimodal segmentation in intravascular images |
| US10226597B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2019-03-12 | Volcano Corporation | Guidewire with centering mechanism |
| US10076384B2 (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2018-09-18 | Symple Surgical, Inc. | Balloon catheter apparatus with microwave emitter |
| US9693821B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2017-07-04 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical devices for modulating nerves |
| US9956033B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2018-05-01 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical devices for modulating nerves |
| US20140276923A1 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | Volcano Corporation | Vibrating catheter and methods of use |
| JP2016521138A (ja) | 2013-03-12 | 2016-07-21 | コリンズ,ドナ | 冠動脈微小血管疾患を診断するためのシステム及び方法 |
| US9775966B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2017-10-03 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Catheter system |
| US10716914B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2020-07-21 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Catheter system |
| US10328238B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2019-06-25 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Catheter system |
| US9301687B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-04-05 | Volcano Corporation | System and method for OCT depth calibration |
| US9808311B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-11-07 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Deflectable medical devices |
| US11026591B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2021-06-08 | Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation | Intravascular pressure sensor calibration |
| WO2014159819A1 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-02 | Jinhyoung Park | System and methods for producing an image from a rotational intravascular ultrasound device |
| US9510902B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-12-06 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Ablation catheters and systems including rotational monitoring means |
| US10292677B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2019-05-21 | Volcano Corporation | Endoluminal filter having enhanced echogenic properties |
| US9131982B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-09-15 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Mediguide-enabled renal denervation system for ensuring wall contact and mapping lesion locations |
| US10219887B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2019-03-05 | Volcano Corporation | Filters with echogenic characteristics |
| EP3111994B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2020-12-02 | ReCor Medical, Inc. | Ultrasound-based neuromodulation system |
| CN105208947B (zh) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-10-12 | 火山公司 | 具有回声特性的过滤器 |
| US8876813B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-11-04 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Methods, systems, and apparatus for neural signal detection |
| US12343198B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2025-07-01 | Philips Image Guided Therapy Corporation | Delivery catheter having imaging capabilities |
| US9913594B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-03-13 | Medtronic Xomed, Inc. | Compliant electrode for EMG endotracheal tube |
| US9179974B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-10 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Helical push wire electrode |
| US9675303B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-06-13 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Visualization systems, instruments and methods of using the same in spinal decompression procedures |
| US9345540B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-24 | Medtronic Ablation Frontiers Llc | Contact specific RF therapy balloon |
| US9066726B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-06-30 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Multi-electrode apposition judgment using pressure elements |
| EP3932470B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2023-07-12 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.à.r.l. | Controlled neuromodulation systems |
| EP2967725B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-12-11 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Control unit for detecting electrical leakage between electrode pads and system comprising such a control unit |
| US9974477B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-05-22 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Quantification of renal denervation via alterations in renal blood flow pre/post ablation |
| US9987070B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-06-05 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Ablation system, methods, and controllers |
| US10265122B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-04-23 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Nerve ablation devices and related methods of use |
| US9186212B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-17 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Feedback systems and methods utilizing two or more sites along denervation catheter |
| US9055950B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-06-16 | Chemo S.A. France | Method and system for delivering a tissue treatment using a balloon-catheter system |
| US9179973B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-10 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Feedback systems and methods for renal denervation utilizing balloon catheter |
| US20140276767A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Ablation system, methods, and controllers |
| JP6220044B2 (ja) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-10-25 | ボストン サイエンティフィック サイムド,インコーポレイテッドBoston Scientific Scimed,Inc. | 腎神経アブレーションのための医療用デバイス |
| US10098694B2 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2018-10-16 | Apama Medical, Inc. | Tissue ablation and monitoring thereof |
| US10349824B2 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2019-07-16 | Apama Medical, Inc. | Tissue mapping and visualization systems |
| EP2983603B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2020-03-25 | Apama Medical, Inc. | Cardiac ablation catheters |
| EP2988691B1 (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2018-03-28 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Electrode assembly for catheter system |
| US10548663B2 (en) | 2013-05-18 | 2020-02-04 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation catheters with shafts for enhanced flexibility and control and associated devices, systems, and methods |
| EP3003461B1 (en) | 2013-06-04 | 2019-05-01 | Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. | Systems and devices for reducing the luminal surface area of the gastrointestinal tract |
| CA2913346A1 (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2014-12-11 | Metavention, Inc. | Modulation of targeted nerve fibers |
| EP3010437A1 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2016-04-27 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Renal denervation balloon catheter with ride along electrode support |
| WO2014205399A1 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2014-12-24 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical devices for renal nerve ablation having rotatable shafts |
| US9707036B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2017-07-18 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Devices and methods for nerve modulation using localized indifferent electrodes |
| US9872728B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-01-23 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for affixing electrodes to an intravascular balloon |
| JP6204579B2 (ja) | 2013-07-01 | 2017-09-27 | ボストン サイエンティフィック サイムド,インコーポレイテッドBoston Scientific Scimed,Inc. | 腎神経アブレーション用医療器具 |
| US20150011991A1 (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-08 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Electrode Assembly For Catheter System |
| US10413357B2 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2019-09-17 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical device with stretchable electrode assemblies |
| WO2015006480A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-15 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Devices and methods for nerve modulation |
| US10828471B2 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2020-11-10 | John P. Pigott | Balloon catheter having a retractable sheath |
| US10315014B2 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2019-06-11 | John P. Pigott | Balloon catheter having a retractable sheath and locking mechanism with balloon recapture element |
| US11202892B2 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2021-12-21 | John P. Pigott | Balloon catheter having a retractable sheath |
| US10130798B2 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2018-11-20 | John P. Pigott | Balloon catheter having a retractable sheath and locking mechanism |
| US9925001B2 (en) | 2013-07-19 | 2018-03-27 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Spiral bipolar electrode renal denervation balloon |
| CN105392435B (zh) | 2013-07-22 | 2018-11-09 | 波士顿科学国际有限公司 | 具有扭绞球囊的肾神经消融导管 |
| US10342609B2 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2019-07-09 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical devices for renal nerve ablation |
| US9872719B2 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2018-01-23 | Covidien Lp | Systems and methods for generating electrosurgical energy using a multistage power converter |
| US9636165B2 (en) | 2013-07-29 | 2017-05-02 | Covidien Lp | Systems and methods for measuring tissue impedance through an electrosurgical cable |
| US10722300B2 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2020-07-28 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Flexible circuit having improved adhesion to a renal nerve modulation balloon |
| US9814844B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 | 2017-11-14 | Covidien Lp | Drug-delivery cannula assembly |
| US9339332B2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2016-05-17 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation catheters with nerve monitoring features for transmitting digital neural signals and associated systems and methods |
| US9326816B2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2016-05-03 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation systems having nerve monitoring assemblies and associated devices, systems, and methods |
| WO2015035047A1 (en) | 2013-09-04 | 2015-03-12 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Radio frequency (rf) balloon catheter having flushing and cooling capability |
| US20150073515A1 (en) | 2013-09-09 | 2015-03-12 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.a.r.I. | Neuromodulation Catheter Devices and Systems Having Energy Delivering Thermocouple Assemblies and Associated Methods |
| WO2015038973A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-19 | Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. | Systems, methods and devices for treatment of target tissue |
| WO2015038947A1 (en) | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-19 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Ablation balloon with vapor deposited cover layer |
| US11246654B2 (en) | 2013-10-14 | 2022-02-15 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Flexible renal nerve ablation devices and related methods of use and manufacture |
| EP3057488B1 (en) | 2013-10-14 | 2018-05-16 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | High resolution cardiac mapping electrode array catheter |
| US9962223B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 | 2018-05-08 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical device balloon |
| US9770606B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 | 2017-09-26 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Ultrasound ablation catheter with cooling infusion and centering basket |
| US10945786B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2021-03-16 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Balloon catheters with flexible conducting wires and related methods of use and manufacture |
| US10433902B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2019-10-08 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Current control methods and systems |
| USD747491S1 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2016-01-12 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Ablation generator |
| USD774043S1 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2016-12-13 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Display screen with graphical user interface for ablation generator |
| US10856936B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2020-12-08 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Electrode assembly for catheter system including thermoplastic-based struts |
| USD914883S1 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2021-03-30 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Ablation generator |
| EP3060151A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2016-08-31 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Flexible catheter shaft and method of manufacture |
| US10034705B2 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2018-07-31 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | High strength electrode assembly for catheter system including novel electrode |
| US9913961B2 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2018-03-13 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Flexible catheter shaft and method of manufacture |
| US10271898B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2019-04-30 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Embedded thermocouple in denervation flex circuit |
| EP3062722B1 (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2019-03-20 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Electrode assembly for catheter system including interlinked struts |
| US9861433B2 (en) | 2013-11-05 | 2018-01-09 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Helical-shaped ablation catheter and methods of use |
| EP3071286B1 (en) | 2013-11-22 | 2024-01-03 | Fractyl Health, Inc. | Systems for the creation of a therapeutic restriction in the gastrointestinal tract |
| EP3091922B1 (en) | 2014-01-06 | 2018-10-17 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Tear resistant flex circuit assembly |
| EP3099377B1 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2022-03-02 | Medtronic Ireland Manufacturing Unlimited Company | Neuromodulation catheters having jacketed neuromodulation elements and related devices |
| US11000679B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2021-05-11 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Balloon protection and rewrapping devices and related methods of use |
| EP3424453B1 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2026-04-01 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Alternative placement of thermal sensors on bipolar electrode |
| US9986949B2 (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2018-06-05 | Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd. | Multi-arm catheter with signal transmission over braid wires |
| US10492842B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2019-12-03 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Monitoring and controlling internally administered cryotherapy |
| US10463424B2 (en) | 2014-03-11 | 2019-11-05 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Catheters with independent radial-expansion members and associated devices, systems, and methods |
| US9579149B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2017-02-28 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Low profile catheter assemblies and associated systems and methods |
| US10959774B2 (en) | 2014-03-24 | 2021-03-30 | Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. | Injectate delivery devices, systems and methods |
| DE102014004290A1 (de) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-01 | Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh | Urologisches Instrument |
| US9980766B1 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2018-05-29 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods and systems for renal neuromodulation |
| US20170027460A1 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2017-02-02 | NeuroMedic, Inc. | Intraluminal microneurography probe |
| US12350050B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2025-07-08 | Recor Medical, Inc. | Intraluminal microneurography probes and related systems and methods |
| US9999463B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2018-06-19 | NeuroMedic, Inc. | Monitoring nerve activity |
| EP3131489A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2017-02-22 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Devices and methods for therapeutic heat treatment |
| US10736690B2 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2020-08-11 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation catheters and associated systems and methods |
| US10398501B2 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2019-09-03 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Ablation systems including pulse rate detector and feedback mechanism and methods of use |
| US10610292B2 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2020-04-07 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Devices, systems, and methods for monitoring and/or controlling deployment of a neuromodulation element within a body lumen and related technology |
| AU2015256024B2 (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2020-03-05 | Vertiflex, Inc. | Spinal nerve decompression systems, dilation systems, and methods of using the same |
| US10709490B2 (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2020-07-14 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Catheter assemblies comprising a direct heating element for renal neuromodulation and associated systems and methods |
| AU2015259303B2 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2021-10-28 | Arena, Christopher B. | Selective modulation of intracellular effects of cells using pulsed electric fields |
| WO2016011269A1 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2016-01-21 | Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. | Methods and systems for treating diabetes and related diseases and disorders |
| US9844641B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2017-12-19 | Fractyl Laboratories, Inc. | Systems, devices and methods for performing medical procedures in the intestine |
| US11185367B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2021-11-30 | Fractyl Health, Inc. | Methods and systems for treating diabetes and related diseases and disorders |
| US12419575B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2025-09-23 | Medtronic Xomed, Inc. | System and method for evoking a reflex to monitor the nerves of the larynx |
| US12114911B2 (en) | 2014-08-28 | 2024-10-15 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | System and method for ablating a tissue site by electroporation with real-time pulse monitoring |
| US11154712B2 (en) | 2014-08-28 | 2021-10-26 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods for assessing efficacy of renal neuromodulation and associated systems and devices |
| WO2016040056A1 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-03-17 | Symple Surgical Inc. | Balloon catheter apparatus with microwave emitter |
| EP3191164A4 (en) | 2014-09-12 | 2018-08-15 | X-Rhythm, LLC | Multi-electrode mapping catheter |
| EP4389044A3 (en) | 2014-10-01 | 2024-09-11 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.à.r.l. | Systems and methods for evaluating neuromodulation therapy via hemodynamic responses |
| US10925579B2 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2021-02-23 | Otsuka Medical Devices Co., Ltd. | Systems and methods for real-time tracking of a target tissue using imaging before and during therapy delivery |
| US9919152B2 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2018-03-20 | Enterastim, Inc. | Conditional gastrointestinal stimulation for improved motility |
| US11013554B2 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2021-05-25 | Medtronic Ardian Lexembourg S.A.R.L. | Catheter apparatuses for modulation of nerves in communication with pulmonary system and associated systems and methods |
| US10368936B2 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2019-08-06 | Kardium Inc. | Systems and methods for selecting, activating, or selecting and activating transducers |
| US10722184B2 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2020-07-28 | Kardium Inc. | Systems and methods for selecting, activating, or selecting and activating transducers |
| EP3226795B1 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2020-08-26 | Metavention, Inc. | Systems for modulating nerves or other tissue |
| JP6815998B2 (ja) | 2014-12-03 | 2021-01-20 | パブメド インク. | 繊維構造の経皮分裂のためのシステム及び方法 |
| US10694972B2 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2020-06-30 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Devices, systems, and methods for real-time monitoring of electrophysical effects during tissue treatment |
| WO2016100720A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Systems and methods for assessing sympathetic nervous system tone for renal neuromodulation therapy |
| EP3244815B1 (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2020-04-22 | Pigott, John, P. | Intravascular catheter having an expandable portion |
| US10603069B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2020-03-31 | John P. Pigott | Intravascular catheter balloon device having a tool for atherectomy or an incising portion for atheromatous plaque scoring |
| CN107427323B (zh) | 2015-03-31 | 2021-02-02 | 圣犹达医疗用品心脏病学部门有限公司 | 高热敏性消融导管和导管尖端 |
| CN107567309A (zh) | 2015-05-05 | 2018-01-09 | 波士顿科学国际有限公司 | 有设于超声成像系统换能器上的可膨胀材料的系统和方法 |
| US10799287B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 | 2020-10-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical device having extenable members |
| WO2017027282A1 (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-16 | Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. | Force sensing catheters having super-elastic structural strain sensors |
| US11389227B2 (en) | 2015-08-20 | 2022-07-19 | Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc | Electrosurgical device with multivariate control |
| US11051875B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2021-07-06 | Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc | Multipurpose electrosurgical device |
| GB2541749B (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2020-12-09 | Emblation Ltd | An interference suppression apparatus and method |
| AU2016335755B2 (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2021-07-01 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Electroporation for obesity or diabetes treatment |
| CN108289856A (zh) | 2015-10-07 | 2018-07-17 | 波士顿科学国际有限公司 | 用以提高热疗的感应加热效率的具有不同居里温度的LaFeSiH磁性纳米粒子混合物 |
| CN108135654B (zh) | 2015-11-04 | 2021-03-30 | 波士顿科学医学有限公司 | 医疗装置和相关的方法 |
| CN108348146A (zh) | 2015-11-16 | 2018-07-31 | 阿帕玛医疗公司 | 能量传递装置 |
| US10675085B2 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2020-06-09 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Devices and methods for enhanced denervation procedures |
| US10716612B2 (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2020-07-21 | Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc | Electrosurgical device with multiple monopolar electrode assembly |
| WO2017132559A1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. | Force sensing catheter with impedance-guided orientation |
| CN105769192B (zh) * | 2016-02-24 | 2019-05-14 | 苏州润心医疗器械有限公司 | 一种冠状动脉斑块的多频三维检测方法 |
| EP3442412A2 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2019-02-20 | Sensome | Medical device making treatment recommendations based on sensed characteristics of a lesion |
| US10736692B2 (en) | 2016-04-28 | 2020-08-11 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation and associated systems and methods for the treatment of cancer |
| US10105179B2 (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2018-10-23 | Affera, Inc. | Catheter sensing and irrigating |
| ES2709062T3 (es) * | 2016-05-11 | 2019-04-15 | Ovesco Endoscopy Ag | Generador médico de corriente CC y dispositivo médico bipolar de fragmentación de implantes equipado con el mismo |
| US10524859B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2020-01-07 | Metavention, Inc. | Therapeutic tissue modulation devices and methods |
| US11369431B2 (en) | 2016-06-11 | 2022-06-28 | Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. | Inductive double flat coil displacement sensor |
| WO2017223264A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 | 2017-12-28 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Catheter system and electrode assembly for intraprocedural evaluation of renal denervation |
| US12569327B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2026-03-10 | Venturemed Group, Inc. | Intravascular catheter having an expandable incising portion and embolic protection device |
| US11497926B2 (en) | 2016-08-08 | 2022-11-15 | Emblation Limited | Method and apparatus for the treatment, management and/or control of pain |
| US20180055564A1 (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Systems and methods for nerve denervation to relieve pulmonary disease symptoms |
| CN109788982B (zh) * | 2016-10-04 | 2021-11-02 | 圣犹达医疗用品心脏病学部门有限公司 | 消融导管尖端 |
| US10231784B2 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2019-03-19 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods and systems for optimizing perivascular neuromodulation therapy using computational fluid dynamics |
| US10905492B2 (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2021-02-02 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Techniques for irreversible electroporation using a single-pole tine-style internal device communicating with an external surface electrode |
| CN110199358B (zh) | 2016-11-21 | 2023-10-24 | 森索姆公司 | 表征和识别生物结构 |
| CN110177515B (zh) | 2016-12-07 | 2024-09-13 | 努瓦拉公司 | 用于降低治疗变化性并增加治疗效力和持久性的方法和系统 |
| US10646713B2 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2020-05-12 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Systems, devices, and associated methods for treating patients via renal neuromodulation to reduce a risk of developing cognitive impairment |
| EP3366239B1 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2020-08-12 | Pigott, John, P. | Intravascular catheter having an expandable incising portion and abrasive surfaces |
| WO2018165425A1 (en) | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-13 | Affera, Inc. | Devices, systems and methods for balancing ablation energy |
| CA3058380A1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | Emblation Limited | Stenosis treatment |
| US11896823B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2024-02-13 | Btl Healthcare Technologies A.S. | Method and device for pelvic floor tissue treatment |
| EP3672471B1 (en) | 2017-08-22 | 2023-07-19 | Medtronic Xomed, Inc. | System for evoking a reflex to monitor the nerves of the larynx |
| US11110240B2 (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Medtronic Xomed, Inc. | Endotracheal tube with tube coating |
| US12023082B2 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2024-07-02 | Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc | Hemostatic thermal sealer |
| KR102659146B1 (ko) | 2017-11-27 | 2024-04-22 | 프로스타캐어 피티와이 엘티디 | 전립선 질환의 치료를 위한 장치 및 방법 |
| US12096976B2 (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2024-09-24 | Affera, Inc. | Ablation energy controlling |
| US11607537B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2023-03-21 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Method for treating neurological disorders, including tumors, with electroporation |
| US11974752B2 (en) | 2019-12-12 | 2024-05-07 | Covidien Lp | Electrically enhanced retrieval of material from vessel lumens |
| US11058444B2 (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2021-07-13 | Covidien Lp | Electrically enhanced retrieval of material from vessel lumens |
| US12318126B2 (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2025-06-03 | Covidien Lp | Current generator for a medical treatment system |
| US12082917B2 (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2024-09-10 | Medtronic Ireland Manufacturing Unlimited Company | Systems, devices, and methods for assessing efficacy of renal neuromodulation therapy |
| US11478298B2 (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2022-10-25 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Controlled irrigation for neuromodulation systems and associated methods |
| US11224474B2 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2022-01-18 | Prostacare Pty Ltd | System for managing high impedance changes in a non-thermal ablation system for BPH |
| US11311329B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2022-04-26 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Treatment planning for immunotherapy based treatments using non-thermal ablation techniques |
| US11925405B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2024-03-12 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Treatment planning system for immunotherapy enhancement via non-thermal ablation |
| US12390262B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2025-08-19 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Treatment planning system for immunotherapy enhancement via non-thermal ablation |
| US10912937B2 (en) | 2018-04-09 | 2021-02-09 | Tufts Medical Center, Inc. | Methods and devices for guided subdural electrode array placement |
| US11291382B2 (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2022-04-05 | Diversatek Healthcare, Inc. | System and method for detecting and measuring the condition of intraluminal esophageal mucosa |
| US20190388107A1 (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-26 | Covidien Lp | Electrically enhanced retrieval of material from vessel lumens |
| AU2019204574A1 (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-23 | Viveve, Inc. | Methods for treating urinary stress incontinence |
| WO2020033998A1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | The University Of Sydney | Catheter ablation device with impedance monitoring |
| US20200069366A1 (en) | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-05 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Combination denervation therapy for glucose control in metabolic disorders |
| US12114919B2 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2024-10-15 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Movable electrodes for controlled irreversible electroporation ablative volumes |
| JP7461606B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-20 | 2024-04-04 | 東レ株式会社 | 食道用送液カテーテル及び食道用送液カテーテル製造用中間部品 |
| US11986358B2 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2024-05-21 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Surgical protection system |
| US11950835B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2024-04-09 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Cycled pulsing to mitigate thermal damage for multi-electrode irreversible electroporation therapy |
| US12214189B2 (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2025-02-04 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Fourier analysis spectroscopy for monitoring tissue impedance changes and treatment outcome during electroporation-based-therapies |
| CN114786605A (zh) | 2019-10-21 | 2022-07-22 | 英杜基奈克斯公司 | 用于十二指肠脉冲电场治疗的装置、系统和方法 |
| EP4090282A4 (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2024-02-21 | Fractyl Health, Inc. | AUTOMATIC FABRIC TREATMENT DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS |
| US12156693B2 (en) | 2020-05-27 | 2024-12-03 | PAVmed Inc. | Systems and methods for minimally-invasive division of fibrous structures |
| US12226143B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2025-02-18 | Covidien Lp | Universal surgical footswitch toggling |
| US12172024B1 (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2024-12-24 | Evanesc Therapeutics, Inc. | Method for electromagnetic absorption in biological tissues |
| US12485279B2 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2025-12-02 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Methods for modulating temporal infrastructure of pulsed electric fields |
| US12419662B2 (en) | 2021-02-19 | 2025-09-23 | Otsuka Medical Devices Co., Ltd. | Selectively insulated ultrasound transducers |
| EP4362823A4 (en) | 2021-07-05 | 2025-05-28 | Veinway Ltd. | Vessel blockage passing |
| US12594185B2 (en) | 2021-07-19 | 2026-04-07 | Otsuka Medical Devices Co., Ltd. | Treatment system having generator and fluid transfer cartridge |
| US20230027712A1 (en) | 2021-07-19 | 2023-01-26 | Otsuka Medical Devices Co., Ltd. | Methods and systems for determining body lumen size |
| US12594405B2 (en) | 2021-07-19 | 2026-04-07 | Otsuka Medical Devices Co., Ltd. | Catheter having compliant balloon |
| US12440165B2 (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2025-10-14 | Otsuka Medical Devices Co., Ltd. | Catheter for neural measurements and treatment and related systems and methods |
| US12296161B2 (en) | 2021-09-14 | 2025-05-13 | Hemisphere Medical LLC | Subdural sound with a receiving channel |
| CN114305381B (zh) * | 2021-12-13 | 2024-08-23 | 重庆邮电大学 | 空间阵列的膀胱充盈检测系统及方法 |
| CN114115388B (zh) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-06-24 | 康达洲际医疗器械有限公司 | 一种基于图像分析自适应的磁共振分时调控方法与系统 |
| US12102542B2 (en) | 2022-02-15 | 2024-10-01 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Interspinous spacer and methods and systems utilizing the interspinous spacer |
| US12558116B2 (en) | 2022-03-23 | 2026-02-24 | Venturemed Group, Inc. | Intravascular device for treating fistulas |
| US12408932B2 (en) | 2022-03-23 | 2025-09-09 | Venturemed Group, Inc. | Intravascular device having feedback elements |
| US12433646B2 (en) | 2023-02-21 | 2025-10-07 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Interspinous spacer with actuator locking arrangements and methods and systems |
| CN115944355B (zh) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-06-02 | 苏州中荟医疗科技有限公司 | 一种治疗血管病变的震波发生系统及能量自适应控制方法 |
| US12390340B2 (en) | 2023-03-15 | 2025-08-19 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Interspinous spacer with a range of deployment positions and methods and systems |
Family Cites Families (355)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1167014A (en) * | 1915-06-25 | 1916-01-04 | William R O'brien | Veterinary surgical instrument. |
| US2505358A (en) * | 1949-04-20 | 1950-04-25 | Sklar Mfg Co Inc J | Double-cutting biopsy bistoury |
| US2701559A (en) * | 1951-08-02 | 1955-02-08 | William A Cooper | Apparatus for exfoliating and collecting diagnostic material from inner walls of hollow viscera |
| US3108593A (en) | 1961-03-13 | 1963-10-29 | Jacob A Glassman | Surgical extractor |
| US3108594A (en) | 1962-08-14 | 1963-10-29 | Jacob A Glassman | Surgical extractor and method of use |
| US3540431A (en) | 1968-04-04 | 1970-11-17 | Kazi Mobin Uddin | Collapsible filter for fluid flowing in closed passageway |
| US3952747A (en) * | 1974-03-28 | 1976-04-27 | Kimmell Jr Garman O | Filter and filter insertion instrument |
| US3996938A (en) | 1975-07-10 | 1976-12-14 | Clark Iii William T | Expanding mesh catheter |
| US4046150A (en) | 1975-07-17 | 1977-09-06 | American Hospital Supply Corporation | Medical instrument for locating and removing occlusive objects |
| US4290427A (en) | 1979-11-26 | 1981-09-22 | Thomas J. Fogarty | Endarterectomy apparatus |
| EP0152766A1 (en) * | 1984-01-24 | 1985-08-28 | Shiley Incorporated | Reduction of an arteriosclerotic lesion by selective absorption of electromagnetic energy in a component thereof |
| US4682596A (en) | 1984-05-22 | 1987-07-28 | Cordis Corporation | Electrosurgical catheter and method for vascular applications |
| USRE33925E (en) * | 1984-05-22 | 1992-05-12 | Cordis Corporation | Electrosurgical catheter aned method for vascular applications |
| US4587975A (en) | 1984-07-02 | 1986-05-13 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Dimension sensitive angioplasty catheter |
| US4682598A (en) * | 1984-08-23 | 1987-07-28 | Dan Beraha | Vasectomy instrument |
| US4799479A (en) * | 1984-10-24 | 1989-01-24 | The Beth Israel Hospital Association | Method and apparatus for angioplasty |
| US5693043A (en) | 1985-03-22 | 1997-12-02 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Catheter for laser angiosurgery |
| US5318024A (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1994-06-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Laser endoscope for spectroscopic imaging |
| US4862886A (en) | 1985-05-08 | 1989-09-05 | Summit Technology Inc. | Laser angioplasty |
| US4709698A (en) | 1986-05-14 | 1987-12-01 | Thomas J. Fogarty | Heatable dilation catheter |
| US4785806A (en) | 1987-01-08 | 1988-11-22 | Yale University | Laser ablation process and apparatus |
| US4770653A (en) | 1987-06-25 | 1988-09-13 | Medilase, Inc. | Laser angioplasty |
| US5372138A (en) * | 1988-03-21 | 1994-12-13 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Acousting imaging catheters and the like |
| US5178620A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1993-01-12 | Advanced Angioplasty Products, Inc. | Thermal dilatation catheter and method |
| US6066130A (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 2000-05-23 | The General Hospital Corporation | Delivering laser energy |
| US4955377A (en) | 1988-10-28 | 1990-09-11 | Lennox Charles D | Device and method for heating tissue in a patient's body |
| US5129396A (en) * | 1988-11-10 | 1992-07-14 | Arye Rosen | Microwave aided balloon angioplasty with lumen measurement |
| EP0449883B1 (en) | 1988-12-21 | 1996-01-31 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | A method for laser induced fluorescence of tissue |
| US5697369A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1997-12-16 | Biofield Corp. | Method and apparatus for disease, injury and bodily condition screening or sensing |
| US5749914A (en) | 1989-01-06 | 1998-05-12 | Advanced Coronary Intervention | Catheter for obstructed stent |
| AU4945490A (en) | 1989-01-06 | 1990-08-01 | Angioplasty Systems Inc. | Electrosurgical catheter for resolving atherosclerotic plaque |
| US5453091A (en) | 1989-03-17 | 1995-09-26 | Merit Medical Systems, Inc. | RF transmission module for wirelessly transmitting balloon catheter data in a syringe inflation system |
| US5098431A (en) | 1989-04-13 | 1992-03-24 | Everest Medical Corporation | RF ablation catheter |
| US4976711A (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1990-12-11 | Everest Medical Corporation | Ablation catheter with selectively deployable electrodes |
| US5211651A (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1993-05-18 | Evi Corporation | Catheter atherotome |
| US5282484A (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1994-02-01 | Endovascular Instruments, Inc. | Method for performing a partial atherectomy |
| US5156610A (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1992-10-20 | Evi Corporation | Catheter atherotome |
| US5071424A (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1991-12-10 | Evi Corporation | Catheter atherotome |
| WO1991002494A1 (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1991-03-07 | Evi Corporation | Catheter atherotome |
| US5662701A (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1997-09-02 | Endovascular Instruments, Inc. | Anti-stenotic method and product for occluded and partially occluded arteries |
| DE69029141T2 (de) * | 1989-09-08 | 1997-04-10 | Boston Scientific Corp., Natick, Mass. | Angioplastie mit niedrigem physiologischen stress |
| US5109859A (en) * | 1989-10-04 | 1992-05-05 | Beth Israel Hospital Association | Ultrasound guided laser angioplasty |
| US5074871A (en) | 1989-12-07 | 1991-12-24 | Evi Corporation | Catheter atherotome |
| US5178625A (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1993-01-12 | Evi Corporation | Catheter atherotome |
| US5158564A (en) | 1990-02-14 | 1992-10-27 | Angiomed Ag | Atherectomy apparatus |
| US5098429A (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1992-03-24 | Mmtc, Inc. | Angioplastic technique employing an inductively-heated ferrite material |
| US5092841A (en) | 1990-05-17 | 1992-03-03 | Wayne State University | Method for treating an arterial wall injured during angioplasty |
| US5190540A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1993-03-02 | Cardiovascular & Interventional Research Consultants, Inc. | Thermal balloon angioplasty |
| CA2081896A1 (en) | 1990-06-15 | 1991-12-16 | James E. Shapland | Drug delivery apparatus and method |
| US5053033A (en) | 1990-10-10 | 1991-10-01 | Boston Advanced Technologies, Inc. | Inhibition of restenosis by ultraviolet radiation |
| US5304171A (en) * | 1990-10-18 | 1994-04-19 | Gregory Kenton W | Catheter devices and methods for delivering |
| US5102402A (en) | 1991-01-04 | 1992-04-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Releasable coatings on balloon catheters |
| US5324255A (en) | 1991-01-11 | 1994-06-28 | Baxter International Inc. | Angioplasty and ablative devices having onboard ultrasound components and devices and methods for utilizing ultrasound to treat or prevent vasopasm |
| AU660444B2 (en) | 1991-02-15 | 1995-06-29 | Ingemar H. Lundquist | Torquable catheter and method |
| US6309379B1 (en) | 1991-05-23 | 2001-10-30 | Lloyd K. Willard | Sheath for selective delivery of multiple intravascular devices and methods of use thereof |
| US5383917A (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1995-01-24 | Jawahar M. Desai | Device and method for multi-phase radio-frequency ablation |
| US5697909A (en) | 1992-01-07 | 1997-12-16 | Arthrocare Corporation | Methods and apparatus for surgical cutting |
| US5498261A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1996-03-12 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Thermal angioplasty system |
| US5681282A (en) | 1992-01-07 | 1997-10-28 | Arthrocare Corporation | Methods and apparatus for ablation of luminal tissues |
| US5419767A (en) * | 1992-01-07 | 1995-05-30 | Thapliyal And Eggers Partners | Methods and apparatus for advancing catheters through severely occluded body lumens |
| US5993389A (en) | 1995-05-22 | 1999-11-30 | Ths International, Inc. | Devices for providing acoustic hemostasis |
| US5263493A (en) * | 1992-02-24 | 1993-11-23 | Boaz Avitall | Deflectable loop electrode array mapping and ablation catheter for cardiac chambers |
| US5330518A (en) | 1992-03-06 | 1994-07-19 | Urologix, Inc. | Method for treating interstitial tissue associated with microwave thermal therapy |
| US5540681A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1996-07-30 | Medtronic Cardiorhythm | Method and system for radiofrequency ablation of tissue |
| US5573533A (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1996-11-12 | Medtronic Cardiorhythm | Method and system for radiofrequency ablation of cardiac tissue |
| US5277201A (en) | 1992-05-01 | 1994-01-11 | Vesta Medical, Inc. | Endometrial ablation apparatus and method |
| US5443470A (en) | 1992-05-01 | 1995-08-22 | Vesta Medical, Inc. | Method and apparatus for endometrial ablation |
| US5782239A (en) | 1992-06-30 | 1998-07-21 | Cordis Webster, Inc. | Unique electrode configurations for cardiovascular electrode catheter with built-in deflection method and central puller wire |
| US5634901A (en) | 1992-11-02 | 1997-06-03 | Localmed, Inc. | Method of using a catheter sleeve |
| US5571122A (en) | 1992-11-09 | 1996-11-05 | Endovascular Instruments, Inc. | Unitary removal of plaque |
| US5807306A (en) | 1992-11-09 | 1998-09-15 | Cortrak Medical, Inc. | Polymer matrix drug delivery apparatus |
| US5643297A (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1997-07-01 | Endovascular Instruments, Inc. | Intra-artery obstruction clearing apparatus and methods |
| US5545161A (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 1996-08-13 | Cardiac Pathways Corporation | Catheter for RF ablation having cooled electrode with electrically insulated sleeve |
| US5981568A (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1999-11-09 | Neorx Corporation | Therapeutic inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells |
| EP0623360B1 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1999-03-31 | The Joe W. And Dorothy Dorsett Brown Foundation | Ultrasonic angioplasty balloon catheter |
| EP0686014A4 (en) | 1993-02-23 | 1996-11-06 | Cardiovascular & Interventiona | THERMAL BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY |
| AU686173B2 (en) | 1993-06-10 | 1998-02-05 | Mir A. Imran | Transurethral radio frequency ablation apparatus |
| US5860974A (en) * | 1993-07-01 | 1999-01-19 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Heart ablation catheter with expandable electrode and method of coupling energy to an electrode on a catheter shaft |
| CA2165829A1 (en) | 1993-07-01 | 1995-01-19 | John E. Abele | Imaging, electrical potential sensing, and ablation catheters |
| US5409000A (en) * | 1993-09-14 | 1995-04-25 | Cardiac Pathways Corporation | Endocardial mapping and ablation system utilizing separately controlled steerable ablation catheter with ultrasonic imaging capabilities and method |
| US5843124A (en) | 1993-09-28 | 1998-12-01 | Hemodynamics, Inc. | Surface opening adhesive sealer |
| US5496312A (en) | 1993-10-07 | 1996-03-05 | Valleylab Inc. | Impedance and temperature generator control |
| US5599346A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1997-02-04 | Zomed International, Inc. | RF treatment system |
| US5573531A (en) | 1994-06-20 | 1996-11-12 | Gregory; Kenton W. | Fluid core laser angioscope |
| US6056744A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 2000-05-02 | Conway Stuart Medical, Inc. | Sphincter treatment apparatus |
| US5857998A (en) | 1994-06-30 | 1999-01-12 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Stent and therapeutic delivery system |
| US5810802A (en) | 1994-08-08 | 1998-09-22 | E.P. Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling tissue ablation using multiple temperature sensing elements |
| US8025661B2 (en) | 1994-09-09 | 2011-09-27 | Cardiofocus, Inc. | Coaxial catheter instruments for ablation with radiant energy |
| US5647847A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1997-07-15 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Balloon catheter with improved pressure source |
| US5876336A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1999-03-02 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for guiding movable electrode elements within multiple-electrode structure |
| US5810742A (en) * | 1994-10-24 | 1998-09-22 | Transcan Research & Development Co., Ltd. | Tissue characterization based on impedance images and on impedance measurements |
| US5571151A (en) | 1994-10-25 | 1996-11-05 | Gregory; Kenton W. | Method for contemporaneous application of laser energy and localized pharmacologic therapy |
| US5817144A (en) | 1994-10-25 | 1998-10-06 | Latis, Inc. | Method for contemporaneous application OF laser energy and localized pharmacologic therapy |
| US5665062A (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 1997-09-09 | Houser; Russell A. | Atherectomy catheter and RF cutting method |
| US5776174A (en) * | 1995-01-30 | 1998-07-07 | Illumenex Corporation | Stabilization of vascular lesions by ultraviolet radiation |
| US6409722B1 (en) * | 1998-07-07 | 2002-06-25 | Medtronic, Inc. | Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue |
| US5869127A (en) | 1995-02-22 | 1999-02-09 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Method of providing a substrate with a bio-active/biocompatible coating |
| US5660836A (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1997-08-26 | Knowlton; Edward W. | Method and apparatus for controlled contraction of collagen tissue |
| US6425912B1 (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 2002-07-30 | Thermage, Inc. | Method and apparatus for modifying skin surface and soft tissue structure |
| US5755753A (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1998-05-26 | Thermage, Inc. | Method for controlled contraction of collagen tissue |
| US6241753B1 (en) | 1995-05-05 | 2001-06-05 | Thermage, Inc. | Method for scar collagen formation and contraction |
| US6461378B1 (en) | 1995-05-05 | 2002-10-08 | Thermage, Inc. | Apparatus for smoothing contour irregularities of skin surface |
| US6190379B1 (en) | 1995-06-06 | 2001-02-20 | Sun Star Technology, Inc. | Hot tip catheter |
| US6632193B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2003-10-14 | Arthrocare Corporation | Systems and methods for electrosurgical tissue treatment |
| US6293942B1 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 2001-09-25 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical generator method |
| ES2150676T5 (es) * | 1995-06-23 | 2006-04-16 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Instrumento electroquirurgico. |
| US5865801A (en) | 1995-07-18 | 1999-02-02 | Houser; Russell A. | Multiple compartmented balloon catheter with external pressure sensing |
| US6763261B2 (en) * | 1995-09-20 | 2004-07-13 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for detecting vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque |
| US5817092A (en) | 1995-11-09 | 1998-10-06 | Radio Therapeutics Corporation | Apparatus, system and method for delivering radio frequency energy to a treatment site |
| US5837001A (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1998-11-17 | C. R. Bard | Radio frequency energy delivery system for multipolar electrode catheters |
| US6350276B1 (en) * | 1996-01-05 | 2002-02-26 | Thermage, Inc. | Tissue remodeling apparatus containing cooling fluid |
| US5925038A (en) | 1996-01-19 | 1999-07-20 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Expandable-collapsible electrode structures for capacitive coupling to tissue |
| EP0975386A1 (en) | 1996-01-19 | 2000-02-02 | EP Technologies, Inc. | Tissue heating and ablation systems and methods using porous electrode structures |
| EP0921765B1 (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 2007-05-02 | Vnus Medical Technologies, Inc. | Vascular catheter-based system for heating tissue |
| US6152899A (en) | 1996-03-05 | 2000-11-28 | Vnus Medical Technologies, Inc. | Expandable catheter having improved electrode design, and method for applying energy |
| AUPN957296A0 (en) | 1996-04-30 | 1996-05-23 | Cardiac Crc Nominees Pty Limited | A system for simultaneous unipolar multi-electrode ablation |
| US6066139A (en) | 1996-05-14 | 2000-05-23 | Sherwood Services Ag | Apparatus and method for sterilization and embolization |
| US6186147B1 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 2001-02-13 | Nuvotek Limited | Method for electrosurgical tissue cutting and coagulation |
| GB9612993D0 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1996-08-21 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | Electrosurgical instrument |
| US5662671A (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 1997-09-02 | Embol-X, Inc. | Atherectomy device having trapping and excising means for removal of plaque from the aorta and other arteries |
| US5792105A (en) | 1996-09-11 | 1998-08-11 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Multichannel balloon catheter for delivering fluid |
| US7603166B2 (en) | 1996-09-20 | 2009-10-13 | Board Of Regents University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque |
| US5906636A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1999-05-25 | Texas Heart Institute | Heat treatment of inflamed tissue |
| US6464697B1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 2002-10-15 | Curon Medical, Inc. | Stomach and adjoining tissue regions in the esophagus |
| US5848969A (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1998-12-15 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for visualizing interior tissue regions using expandable imaging structures |
| US5904651A (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1999-05-18 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for visualizing tissue during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures |
| US5827268A (en) | 1996-10-30 | 1998-10-27 | Hearten Medical, Inc. | Device for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus and method of using the device |
| US6081749A (en) | 1997-08-13 | 2000-06-27 | Surx, Inc. | Noninvasive devices, methods, and systems for shrinking of tissues |
| US6091995A (en) | 1996-11-08 | 2000-07-18 | Surx, Inc. | Devices, methods, and systems for shrinking tissues |
| US5999678A (en) | 1996-12-27 | 1999-12-07 | Eclipse Surgical Technologies, Inc. | Laser delivery means adapted for drug delivery |
| US5775338A (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-07 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Heated perfusion balloon for reduction of restenosis |
| US6338726B1 (en) | 1997-02-06 | 2002-01-15 | Vidacare, Inc. | Treating urinary and other body strictures |
| EP1007139A4 (en) | 1997-02-12 | 2000-06-14 | Prolifix Medical Inc | ENDOVASCULAR PROSTHESIS EXTRACTION APPARATUS |
| US5989284A (en) | 1997-02-18 | 1999-11-23 | Hearten Medical, Inc. | Method and device for soft tissue modification |
| US6120516A (en) | 1997-02-28 | 2000-09-19 | Lumend, Inc. | Method for treating vascular occlusion |
| US6063078A (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2000-05-16 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for tissue ablation |
| WO1998041157A1 (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1998-09-24 | Boris Rubinsky | Freezing method for controlled removal of fatty tissue by liposuction |
| US5972026A (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1999-10-26 | Broncus Technologies, Inc. | Bronchial stenter having diametrically adjustable electrodes |
| US6488673B1 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 2002-12-03 | Broncus Technologies, Inc. | Method of increasing gas exchange of a lung |
| US7425212B1 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 2008-09-16 | Asthmatx, Inc. | Devices for modification of airways by transfer of energy |
| GB9708268D0 (en) | 1997-04-24 | 1997-06-18 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | An electrosurgical instrument |
| US6117128A (en) | 1997-04-30 | 2000-09-12 | Kenton W. Gregory | Energy delivery catheter and method for the use thereof |
| AU7141198A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1998-12-30 | Arthrocare Corporation | Electrosurgical systems and methods for recanalization of occluded body lumens |
| USRE40279E1 (en) | 1997-06-26 | 2008-04-29 | Sherwood Services Ag | Method and system for neural tissue modification |
| US6869431B2 (en) | 1997-07-08 | 2005-03-22 | Atrionix, Inc. | Medical device with sensor cooperating with expandable member |
| US6652515B1 (en) | 1997-07-08 | 2003-11-25 | Atrionix, Inc. | Tissue ablation device assembly and method for electrically isolating a pulmonary vein ostium from an atrial wall |
| AU732188B2 (en) * | 1997-08-13 | 2001-04-12 | Surx, Inc. | Noninvasive devices, methods, and systems for shrinking of tissues |
| US6179832B1 (en) | 1997-09-11 | 2001-01-30 | Vnus Medical Technologies, Inc. | Expandable catheter having two sets of electrodes |
| US6200312B1 (en) | 1997-09-11 | 2001-03-13 | Vnus Medical Technologies, Inc. | Expandable vein ligator catheter having multiple electrode leads |
| US5954717A (en) | 1997-09-25 | 1999-09-21 | Radiotherapeutics Corporation | Method and system for heating solid tissue |
| US6238389B1 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 2001-05-29 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Deflectable interstitial ablation device |
| US6231516B1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2001-05-15 | Vacusense, Inc. | Endoluminal implant with therapeutic and diagnostic capability |
| US5935063A (en) | 1997-10-29 | 1999-08-10 | Irvine Biomedical, Inc. | Electrode catheter system and methods thereof |
| US6156046A (en) | 1997-11-07 | 2000-12-05 | Prolifix Medical, Inc. | Methods and systems for treating obstructions in a body lumen |
| AU2114299A (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 1999-08-02 | Conway-Stuart Medical, Inc. | Electrosurgical device for sphincter treatment |
| US6517534B1 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 2003-02-11 | Cosman Company, Inc. | Peri-urethral ablation |
| US7165551B2 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 2007-01-23 | Curon Medical, Inc. | Apparatus to detect and treat aberrant myoelectric activity |
| US6273886B1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 2001-08-14 | Curon Medical, Inc. | Integrated tissue heating and cooling apparatus |
| US6258087B1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 2001-07-10 | Curon Medical, Inc. | Expandable electrode assemblies for forming lesions to treat dysfunction in sphincters and adjoining tissue regions |
| WO1999044522A1 (en) | 1998-03-06 | 1999-09-10 | Conway-Stuart Medical, Inc. | Apparatus to electrosurgically treat esophageal sphincters |
| US6115626A (en) * | 1998-03-26 | 2000-09-05 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods using annotated images for controlling the use of diagnostic or therapeutic instruments in instruments in interior body regions |
| US6142991A (en) | 1998-03-31 | 2000-11-07 | Galil Medical, Ltd. | High resolution cryosurgical method and apparatus |
| US6200266B1 (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2001-03-13 | Case Western Reserve University | Method and apparatus for ultrasound imaging using acoustic impedance reconstruction |
| US6219577B1 (en) | 1998-04-14 | 2001-04-17 | Global Vascular Concepts, Inc. | Iontophoresis, electroporation and combination catheters for local drug delivery to arteries and other body tissues |
| US20020065542A1 (en) | 1998-04-22 | 2002-05-30 | Ronald G. Lax | Method and apparatus for treating an aneurysm |
| WO1999055396A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-04 | Surmodics, Inc. | Bioactive agent release coating |
| US6161047A (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2000-12-12 | Medtronic Inc. | Apparatus and method for expanding a stimulation lead body in situ |
| US6558378B2 (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 2003-05-06 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | RF ablation system and method having automatic temperature control |
| US6050994A (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2000-04-18 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | RF ablation apparatus and method using controllable duty cycle with alternate phasing |
| US6022901A (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2000-02-08 | Pharmascience Inc. | Administration of resveratrol to prevent or treat restenosis following coronary intervention |
| US9415222B2 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2016-08-16 | Cyberonics, Inc. | Monitoring an epilepsy disease state with a supervisory module |
| US6123702A (en) | 1998-09-10 | 2000-09-26 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling power in an electrosurgical probe |
| US6183468B1 (en) | 1998-09-10 | 2001-02-06 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling power in an electrosurgical probe |
| US6299379B1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2001-10-09 | Lewis Hunting Accessories, Mfg., Inc. | Reflective trail markers |
| US6036689A (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-03-14 | Tu; Lily Chen | Ablation device for treating atherosclerotic tissues |
| US6319251B1 (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2001-11-20 | Hosheng Tu | Medical device and methods for treating intravascular restenosis |
| US7137980B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2006-11-21 | Sherwood Services Ag | Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator |
| US7901400B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2011-03-08 | Covidien Ag | Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator |
| US6796981B2 (en) | 1999-09-30 | 2004-09-28 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealing system |
| US6123718A (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2000-09-26 | Polymerex Medical Corp. | Balloon catheter |
| US6673290B1 (en) | 1998-11-12 | 2004-01-06 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Electrode structure for heating and ablating tissue and method for making and assembling the same |
| US6210406B1 (en) | 1998-12-03 | 2001-04-03 | Cordis Webster, Inc. | Split tip electrode catheter and signal processing RF ablation system |
| US6129725A (en) | 1998-12-04 | 2000-10-10 | Tu; Lily Chen | Methods for reduction of restenosis |
| WO2000040955A1 (en) * | 1999-01-05 | 2000-07-13 | Kaiku Limited | Impedance measurements of bodily matter |
| US6206831B1 (en) * | 1999-01-06 | 2001-03-27 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Ultrasound-guided ablation catheter and methods of use |
| US6228076B1 (en) * | 1999-01-09 | 2001-05-08 | Intraluminal Therapeutics, Inc. | System and method for controlling tissue ablation |
| US6191862B1 (en) * | 1999-01-20 | 2001-02-20 | Lightlab Imaging, Llc | Methods and apparatus for high speed longitudinal scanning in imaging systems |
| US6592526B1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2003-07-15 | Jay Alan Lenker | Resolution ultrasound devices for imaging and treatment of body lumens |
| US6423057B1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2002-07-23 | The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling tissue temperature and lesion formation in radio-frequency ablation procedures |
| US6113615A (en) | 1999-02-03 | 2000-09-05 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Atherectomy burr including a bias wire |
| US6287297B1 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2001-09-11 | Plc Medical Systems, Inc. | Energy delivery system and method for performing myocardial revascular |
| WO2000053113A1 (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2000-09-14 | Thermage, Inc. | Apparatus and method for treatment of tissue |
| US6409723B1 (en) * | 1999-04-02 | 2002-06-25 | Stuart D. Edwards | Treating body tissue by applying energy and substances |
| US6577902B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2003-06-10 | Tony R. Brown | Device for shaping infarcted heart tissue and method of using the device |
| US6692490B1 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 2004-02-17 | Novasys Medical, Inc. | Treatment of urinary incontinence and other disorders by application of energy and drugs |
| AU5275600A (en) | 1999-05-18 | 2000-12-05 | Silhouette Medical Inc. | Surgical weight control device |
| GB9911956D0 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 1999-07-21 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | Electrosurgery system and method |
| US6375668B1 (en) | 1999-06-02 | 2002-04-23 | Hanson S. Gifford | Devices and methods for treating vascular malformations |
| US6391024B1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2002-05-21 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | RF ablation apparatus and method having electrode/tissue contact assessment scheme and electrocardiogram filtering |
| US7426409B2 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2008-09-16 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for detecting vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque |
| US6238392B1 (en) | 1999-06-29 | 2001-05-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical instrument including a plurality of balloon electrodes |
| US6605061B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2003-08-12 | Tricardia, L.L.C. | Catheter for drug injection in cardiovascular system |
| US6203561B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2001-03-20 | Incept Llc | Integrated vascular device having thrombectomy element and vascular filter and methods of use |
| US6445939B1 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2002-09-03 | Lightlab Imaging, Llc | Ultra-small optical probes, imaging optics, and methods for using same |
| US7288096B2 (en) | 2003-01-17 | 2007-10-30 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Apparatus for placement of cardiac defibrillator and pacer |
| US6454775B1 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2002-09-24 | Bacchus Vascular Inc. | Systems and methods for clot disruption and retrieval |
| US6829497B2 (en) | 1999-09-21 | 2004-12-07 | Jamil Mogul | Steerable diagnostic catheters |
| JP2003510126A (ja) | 1999-09-28 | 2003-03-18 | ノヴァシス メディカル インコーポレイテッド | エネルギーと薬の適用による組織の処置 |
| US6485489B2 (en) | 1999-10-02 | 2002-11-26 | Quantum Cor, Inc. | Catheter system for repairing a mitral valve annulus |
| JP2003513691A (ja) | 1999-10-25 | 2003-04-15 | シーラス、コーポレイション | 血管を封止するための集束超音波の使用 |
| US6529756B1 (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2003-03-04 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for mapping and coagulating soft tissue in or around body orifices |
| US6328699B1 (en) | 2000-01-11 | 2001-12-11 | Cedars-Sinai Medical Center | Permanently implantable system and method for detecting, diagnosing and treating congestive heart failure |
| US7184827B1 (en) | 2000-01-24 | 2007-02-27 | Stuart D. Edwards | Shrinkage of dilatations in the body |
| US6569109B2 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2003-05-27 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Ultrasonic operation apparatus for performing follow-up control of resonance frequency drive of ultrasonic oscillator by digital PLL system using DDS (direct digital synthesizer) |
| US6663622B1 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2003-12-16 | Iotek, Inc. | Surgical devices and methods for use in tissue ablation procedures |
| US7499745B2 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2009-03-03 | Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute | Multidimensional bioelectrical tissue analyzer |
| US6394956B1 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2002-05-28 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | RF ablation and ultrasound catheter for crossing chronic total occlusions |
| US6458098B1 (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2002-10-01 | Nozomu Kanesaka | Vascular therapy device |
| US6558382B2 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2003-05-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Suction stabilized epicardial ablation devices |
| DE60138319D1 (de) * | 2000-05-03 | 2009-05-20 | Bard Inc C R | Gerät zur Darstellung und Ablation bei elektrophysiologischen Verfahren |
| US7252664B2 (en) | 2000-05-12 | 2007-08-07 | Cardima, Inc. | System and method for multi-channel RF energy delivery with coagulum reduction |
| CA2408176A1 (en) | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-22 | Cardima, Inc. | Multi-channel rf energy delivery with coagulum reduction |
| AU2001263239A1 (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2001-11-26 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Tissue discrimination and applications in medical procedures |
| US20020022864A1 (en) | 2000-06-07 | 2002-02-21 | Mahvi David M. | Multipolar electrode system for radiofrequency ablation |
| ES2240470T3 (es) | 2000-06-13 | 2005-10-16 | Atrionix, Inc. | Sonda de ablacion quirurgica que permite realizar una lesion circular. |
| US6958075B2 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2005-10-25 | Celsion Corporation | Device and method for treatment of tissue adjacent a bodily conduit by thermocompression |
| ES2381092T3 (es) * | 2000-07-19 | 2012-05-23 | Critical Perfusion, Inc | Catéter para uso en un sistema para supervisar daño de mucosa en órganos viscosos huecos |
| US7789876B2 (en) | 2000-08-14 | 2010-09-07 | Tyco Healthcare Group, Lp | Method and apparatus for positioning a catheter relative to an anatomical junction |
| US6497711B1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2002-12-24 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Therectomy device having a light weight drive shaft and an imaging device |
| US6955174B2 (en) | 2000-08-18 | 2005-10-18 | Uryovascular Systems, Inc. | Cryotherapy method for detecting and treating vulnerable plaque |
| US6511496B1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2003-01-28 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Embolic protection device for use in interventional procedures |
| US6522926B1 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2003-02-18 | Cvrx, Inc. | Devices and methods for cardiovascular reflex control |
| US6985774B2 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2006-01-10 | Cvrx, Inc. | Stimulus regimens for cardiovascular reflex control |
| US7158832B2 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2007-01-02 | Cvrx, Inc. | Electrode designs and methods of use for cardiovascular reflex control devices |
| US6845267B2 (en) | 2000-09-28 | 2005-01-18 | Advanced Bionics Corporation | Systems and methods for modulation of circulatory perfusion by electrical and/or drug stimulation |
| US6470219B1 (en) | 2000-10-02 | 2002-10-22 | Novasys Medical, Inc. | Apparatus and method for treating female urinary incontinence |
| US7104987B2 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2006-09-12 | Asthmatx, Inc. | Control system and process for application of energy to airway walls and other mediums |
| US6706037B2 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2004-03-16 | Galil Medical Ltd. | Multiple cryoprobe apparatus and method |
| US6673066B2 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2004-01-06 | Cardiostream, Inc. | Apparatus and method to diagnose and treat vulnerable plaque |
| AU2001263143B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2006-12-07 | Covidien Lp | System and method of treating abnormal tissue in the human esophagus |
| US6569177B1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2003-05-27 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Ablation atherectomy burr |
| DE10103503A1 (de) * | 2001-01-26 | 2002-08-14 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Endoluminales expandierbares Implantat mit integrierter Sensorik |
| US6786904B2 (en) | 2002-01-10 | 2004-09-07 | Triton Biosystems, Inc. | Method and device to treat vulnerable plaque |
| US6570659B2 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2003-05-27 | Lightlab Imaging, Llc | Broadband light source system and method and light source combiner |
| US20020147480A1 (en) | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-10 | Mamayek Donald S. | Treatment of lipid pool |
| US6552796B2 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2003-04-22 | Lightlab Imaging, Llc | Apparatus and method for selective data collection and signal to noise ratio enhancement using optical coherence tomography |
| EP1385439A1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2004-02-04 | Rita Medical Systems, Inc. | Rf tissue ablation apparatus and method |
| US6771996B2 (en) | 2001-05-24 | 2004-08-03 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Ablation and high-resolution mapping catheter system for pulmonary vein foci elimination |
| US20070078435A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2007-04-05 | Corbett Stone | Tissue augmentation methods using a medical injection apparatus |
| US6962584B1 (en) | 2001-09-06 | 2005-11-08 | Stone Gregg W | Electromagnetic photonic catheter for reducing restenosis |
| JP3607231B2 (ja) | 2001-09-28 | 2005-01-05 | 有限会社日本エレクテル | 高周波加温バルーンカテーテル |
| JP2003111848A (ja) | 2001-10-05 | 2003-04-15 | Nihon Medix | 加熱式バルーンカテーテル装置およびその加熱方法 |
| US6607362B2 (en) | 2001-10-11 | 2003-08-19 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Micro paddle wheel pump for precise pumping, mixing, dispensing, and valving of blood and reagents |
| US7191146B2 (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2007-03-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Printing and delivery of digital images and merged information from a central receiving agency |
| US6926716B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2005-08-09 | Surgrx Inc. | Electrosurgical instrument |
| US6807444B2 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2004-10-19 | Hosheng Tu | Apparatus and methods for monitoring tissue impedance |
| US6972024B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2005-12-06 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Method of treating vulnerable plaque |
| US6814733B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2004-11-09 | Biosense, Inc. | Radio frequency pulmonary vein isolation |
| US7192427B2 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2007-03-20 | Afx, Inc. | Apparatus and method for assessing transmurality of a tissue ablation |
| ITBS20020039U1 (it) | 2002-03-20 | 2003-09-22 | Fogazzi Di Venturelli Andrea & | Catetere con elettrodo flessibile raffreddato |
| US20110207758A1 (en) | 2003-04-08 | 2011-08-25 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Methods for Therapeutic Renal Denervation |
| US8347891B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2013-01-08 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Methods and apparatus for performing a non-continuous circumferential treatment of a body lumen |
| US7617005B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2009-11-10 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for thermally-induced renal neuromodulation |
| US7162303B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2007-01-09 | Ardian, Inc. | Renal nerve stimulation method and apparatus for treatment of patients |
| US7653438B2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2010-01-26 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for renal neuromodulation |
| US6852109B2 (en) | 2002-06-11 | 2005-02-08 | Intraluminal Therapeutics, Inc. | Radio frequency guide wire assembly with optical coherence reflectometry guidance |
| TWI235073B (en) | 2002-08-20 | 2005-07-01 | Toray Industries | Catheter for treating cardiac arrhythmias |
| ATE398974T1 (de) | 2002-11-27 | 2008-07-15 | Medical Device Innovations Ltd | Coaxiale gewebeablationsprobe und verfahren zum herstellen eines symmetriergliedes dafür |
| US20040106952A1 (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2004-06-03 | Lafontaine Daniel M. | Treating arrhythmias by altering properties of tissue |
| KR100887669B1 (ko) * | 2002-12-28 | 2009-03-11 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 액정표시장치 및 그 제조방법 |
| US20040147917A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2004-07-29 | Mueller Richard L. | Device and method for treatment of breast tissue with electromagnetic radiation |
| JP4067976B2 (ja) | 2003-01-24 | 2008-03-26 | 有限会社日本エレクテル | 高周波加温バルーンカテーテル |
| US7223266B2 (en) | 2003-02-04 | 2007-05-29 | Cardiodex Ltd. | Methods and apparatus for hemostasis following arterial catheterization |
| US7818053B2 (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2010-10-19 | Dtherapeutics, Llc | Devices, systems and methods for plaque type determination |
| US20040167506A1 (en) | 2003-02-25 | 2004-08-26 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Medical devices employing ferromagnetic heating |
| US20050015125A1 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2005-01-20 | Mioduski Paul C. | Hyperthermia treatment systems and methods |
| US6953425B2 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2005-10-11 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Method of treating vulnerable plaque using a catheter-based radiation system |
| EP1620156B1 (en) | 2003-05-02 | 2009-07-29 | Boston Scientific Limited | Multi-functional medical catheter |
| WO2004105807A2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-09 | Venture Manufacturing, Llc | Balloon centered radially expanding ablation device |
| US6932776B2 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2005-08-23 | Meridian Medicalssystems, Llc | Method and apparatus for detecting and treating vulnerable plaques |
| ES2564694T3 (es) | 2003-09-12 | 2016-03-28 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | Sistema de remodelación y / o ablación excéntrica seleccionable de material ateroesclerótico |
| WO2005037070A2 (en) | 2003-10-11 | 2005-04-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method and system for nerve repair, nanoknife, mems platform and uses thereof |
| JP4391221B2 (ja) | 2003-12-22 | 2009-12-24 | 有限会社日本エレクテル | 高周波加温バルーンカテーテル |
| CN1901844B (zh) | 2004-01-06 | 2011-10-12 | 东丽株式会社 | 球囊导管 |
| US7371231B2 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2008-05-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | System and method for performing ablation using a balloon |
| DE102004008057A1 (de) * | 2004-02-14 | 2005-09-01 | Ganshorn, Peter, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) | Gerät zur oszillometrischen Analyse der Atemwegimpedanz |
| US20050251116A1 (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2005-11-10 | Minnow Medical, Llc | Imaging and eccentric atherosclerotic material laser remodeling and/or ablation catheter |
| US20050261743A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-24 | Kroll Mark W | System and method for automated fluid monitoring |
| US20060085054A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2006-04-20 | Zikorus Arthur W | Methods and apparatus for treatment of hollow anatomical structures |
| US8920414B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2014-12-30 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | Tuned RF energy and electrical tissue characterization for selective treatment of target tissues |
| US8396548B2 (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2013-03-12 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | Selective drug delivery in a lumen |
| US20060089638A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-04-27 | Yuval Carmel | Radio-frequency device for passivation of vascular plaque and method of using same |
| US7200445B1 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2007-04-03 | Asthmatx, Inc. | Energy delivery devices and methods |
| US20080009927A1 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2008-01-10 | Vilims Bradley D | Combination Electrical Stimulating and Infusion Medical Device and Method |
| US7447543B2 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2008-11-04 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Pathology assessment with impedance measurements using convergent bioelectric lead fields |
| EP2438877B1 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2016-02-17 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | Intraluminal electrical tissue characterization and tuned RF energy for selective treatment of atheroma and other target tissues |
| CA2605360C (en) | 2005-04-21 | 2017-03-28 | Asthmatx, Inc. | Control methods and devices for energy delivery |
| US20060246143A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-02 | Hilmi Ege | Targeted therapy via targeted delivery of energy susceptible nanoscale magnetic particles |
| US7942874B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2011-05-17 | Aragon Surgical, Inc. | Apparatus for tissue cauterization |
| US20070016184A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-18 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Medical-treatment electrode assembly and method for medical treatment |
| US20070179575A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2007-08-02 | Esch Brady D | Thermal therapeutic catheter with location detection enhancement |
| DE102005041601B4 (de) | 2005-09-01 | 2010-07-08 | Siemens Ag | Ablationskatheter zum Setzen einer Läsion und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ablationskatheters |
| US20070123824A1 (en) | 2005-10-17 | 2007-05-31 | Coaptus Medical Corporation | Systems and methods for directing valves that control a vacuum applied to a patient |
| WO2007052341A1 (ja) | 2005-11-01 | 2007-05-10 | Japan Electel Inc. | バルーンカテーテルシステム |
| CA2574935A1 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2007-07-24 | Sherwood Services Ag | A method and system for controlling an output of a radio-frequency medical generator having an impedance based control algorithm |
| US7869854B2 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2011-01-11 | Magnetecs, Inc. | Apparatus for magnetically deployable catheter with MOSFET sensor and method for mapping and ablation |
| WO2007113865A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | Breval S.R.L. | Device and method for the thermal ablation of tumors by means of high-frequency electromagnetic energy under overpressure conditions |
| EP2032045A2 (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2009-03-11 | Emcision Limited | Vessel sealing device and methods |
| WO2007146215A2 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-21 | Pankaj Patel | Endoscopically introducible expandable cautery device |
| EP2218479A3 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2013-06-05 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.à.r.l. | Methods and systems for thermally-induced renal neuromodulation |
| US20090254082A1 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2009-10-08 | Niels Kornerup | Electrosurgical instrument |
| GB0614557D0 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2006-08-30 | Emcision Ltd | Tissue Ablator |
| US8486060B2 (en) | 2006-09-18 | 2013-07-16 | Cytyc Corporation | Power ramping during RF ablation |
| US7691080B2 (en) | 2006-09-21 | 2010-04-06 | Mercator Medsystems, Inc. | Dual modulus balloon for interventional procedures |
| EP2076194B1 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2013-04-24 | Vessix Vascular, Inc. | System for inducing desirable temperature effects on body tissue |
| EP2076198A4 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2009-12-09 | Minnow Medical Inc | Inducing Desired Temperatreating Effects on Body Weave |
| US8226648B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2012-07-24 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Pressure-sensitive flexible polymer bipolar electrode |
| JP2010523595A (ja) | 2007-04-04 | 2010-07-15 | マサチューセッツ インスティテュート オブ テクノロジー | ポリ(アミノ酸)ターゲッティング部分 |
| US8496653B2 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2013-07-30 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Thrombus removal |
| US11395694B2 (en) | 2009-05-07 | 2022-07-26 | St. Jude Medical, Llc | Irrigated ablation catheter with multiple segmented ablation electrodes |
| CA2699782C (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2017-04-11 | Lazure Technologies, Llc | Prostate cancer ablation |
| GB2453601B (en) | 2007-10-12 | 2010-07-21 | Cardio Logic Innovations Ltd | Radio frequency catheter for the ablation of body tissues |
| WO2009065078A1 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2009-05-22 | Pathway Medical Technologies, Inc. | Delivery and administration of compositions using interventional catheters |
| US8118809B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2012-02-21 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Flexible conductive polymer electrode and method for ablation |
| WO2009113064A2 (en) | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Hayim Lindenbaum | A diagnostic medical device for endoscopic use |
| KR101719824B1 (ko) | 2008-05-09 | 2017-04-04 | 호라이라 인코포레이티드 | 기관지나무 치료용 시스템, 어셈블리 및 방법 |
| CN102209497A (zh) | 2008-09-22 | 2011-10-05 | 明诺医学股份有限公司 | 使用替代能量源在身体组织上引起期望温度效应 |
| DE102008048616B4 (de) | 2008-09-23 | 2010-08-05 | Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh | Urologischer Ballonkatheter |
| JP5646492B2 (ja) | 2008-10-07 | 2014-12-24 | エムシー10 インコーポレイテッドMc10,Inc. | 伸縮可能な集積回路およびセンサアレイを有する装置 |
| US8372068B2 (en) | 2008-10-21 | 2013-02-12 | Hermes Innovations, LLC | Tissue ablation systems |
| WO2010056771A1 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2010-05-20 | Shifamed Llc | Low profile electrode assembly |
| JP5307900B2 (ja) | 2008-11-17 | 2013-10-02 | べシックス・バスキュラー・インコーポレイテッド | 組織トポグラフィの知識によらないエネルギーの選択的な蓄積 |
| CA2733241C (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2016-08-16 | Japan Electel Inc. | Balloon catheter system |
| US20100160906A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Asthmatx, Inc. | Expandable energy delivery devices having flexible conductive elements and associated systems and methods |
| EP2208506A1 (en) | 2009-01-16 | 2010-07-21 | Oncotherm Kft. | Intraluminar oncothermia catheter |
| WO2010099207A1 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2010-09-02 | Sierra Surgical Technologies | Methods and systems for controlled thermal tissue |
| US8287532B2 (en) | 2009-04-13 | 2012-10-16 | Biosense Webster, Inc. | Epicardial mapping and ablation catheter |
| US8372066B2 (en) | 2009-04-17 | 2013-02-12 | Domain Surgical, Inc. | Inductively heated multi-mode surgical tool |
| NZ619320A (en) | 2009-04-22 | 2015-08-28 | Mercator Medsystems Inc | Use of guanethidine for treating hypertension by local vascular delivery |
| JP5444840B2 (ja) | 2009-05-21 | 2014-03-19 | 東レ株式会社 | バルーン付きアブレーションカテーテル及びバルーン付きアブレーションカテーテルシステム |
| US20110118600A1 (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2011-05-19 | Michael Gertner | External Autonomic Modulation |
| US20110092880A1 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2011-04-21 | Michael Gertner | Energetic modulation of nerves |
| US8295912B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2012-10-23 | Kona Medical, Inc. | Method and system to inhibit a function of a nerve traveling with an artery |
| CN102686180B (zh) | 2009-11-04 | 2015-09-30 | 艾姆西森有限公司 | 腔内重塑装置以及方法 |
| CA2781951A1 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Assembly of staggered ablation elements |
| US20110270238A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2011-11-03 | Raed Rizq | Compliant Cryoballoon Apparatus for Denervating Ostia of the Renal Arteries |
| CN103068330B (zh) | 2010-04-09 | 2016-06-29 | Vessix血管股份有限公司 | 用于治疗组织的功率发生和控制装置 |
| US8473067B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2013-06-25 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Renal denervation and stimulation employing wireless vascular energy transfer arrangement |
| US9358020B2 (en) | 2010-06-25 | 2016-06-07 | Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. | Catheter device for delivery energy to a vein |
| US9084609B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2015-07-21 | Boston Scientific Scime, Inc. | Spiral balloon catheter for renal nerve ablation |
| US20120029512A1 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-02 | Willard Martin R | Balloon with surface electrodes and integral cooling for renal nerve ablation |
| US20120029496A1 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-02 | Scott Smith | Renal nerve ablation using mild freezing and microwave energy |
| US9155589B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2015-10-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Sequential activation RF electrode set for renal nerve ablation |
| US9463062B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2016-10-11 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Cooled conductive balloon RF catheter for renal nerve ablation |
| US8702619B2 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2014-04-22 | Symap Holding Limited | Mapping sympathetic nerve distribution for renal ablation and catheters for same |
-
2006
- 2006-03-28 EP EP11191822.3A patent/EP2438877B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-03-28 EP EP16154269.1A patent/EP3045110B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-03-28 ES ES06748830T patent/ES2380487T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-03-28 ES ES11191822.3T patent/ES2565342T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-03-28 CN CN2006800164240A patent/CN101511292B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-28 US US11/392,231 patent/US7742795B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-28 CN CN201110031923XA patent/CN102125430A/zh active Pending
- 2006-03-28 WO PCT/US2006/011341 patent/WO2006105121A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-03-28 AT AT06748830T patent/ATE542486T1/de active
- 2006-03-28 EP EP06748830A patent/EP1865870B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2010
- 2010-02-26 US US12/660,515 patent/US8364237B2/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-02-27 US US13/406,458 patent/US20120157988A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1865870A4 (en) | 2009-12-16 |
| EP1865870B1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
| ES2380487T3 (es) | 2012-05-14 |
| CN101511292A (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
| EP2438877B1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
| ATE542486T1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
| US20120157988A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
| EP1865870B8 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
| US20100168743A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
| EP2438877A3 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
| EP1865870A2 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
| CN101511292B (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
| EP3045110B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
| US7742795B2 (en) | 2010-06-22 |
| EP2438877A2 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
| WO2006105121A2 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
| EP3045110A1 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
| WO2006105121A3 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
| US8364237B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
| CN102125430A (zh) | 2011-07-20 |
| US20060235286A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ES2565342T3 (es) | Caracterización eléctrica intraluminal de tejido y energía de RF regulada para tratamiento selectivo de ateroma y otros tejidos diana | |
| US20220323145A1 (en) | Tuned rf energy and electrical tissue characterization for selective treatment of target tissues | |
| CN103860264B (zh) | 具有末端电极的环状标测导管 | |
| ES2366046T3 (es) | Instrumento de ablación. | |
| US8496653B2 (en) | Thrombus removal | |
| ES2564694T3 (es) | Sistema de remodelación y / o ablación excéntrica seleccionable de material ateroesclerótico | |
| BR112019021339A2 (pt) | cateter de eletrofisiologia irrigado com eletrodos distinguíveis para identificação e orientação de múltiplos eletrodos sob visualização 2d | |
| CN107750146A (zh) | 开放冲洗消融导管 | |
| US20230200896A1 (en) | Catheter balloon having increased resilience to internal pressurization |