ES2616521T3 - Dispositivo médico para la administración de medicamentos - Google Patents
Dispositivo médico para la administración de medicamentos Download PDFInfo
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- ES2616521T3 ES2616521T3 ES14199392.3T ES14199392T ES2616521T3 ES 2616521 T3 ES2616521 T3 ES 2616521T3 ES 14199392 T ES14199392 T ES 14199392T ES 2616521 T3 ES2616521 T3 ES 2616521T3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/1002—Balloon catheters characterised by balloon shape
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/08—Materials for coatings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L29/085—Macromolecular materials
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- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. lubricating compositions
- A61L29/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
- A61M25/0045—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features multi-layered, e.g. coated
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- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/1027—Making of balloon catheters
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
- A61M2025/0057—Catheters delivering medicament other than through a conventional lumen, e.g. porous walls or hydrogel coatings
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/1002—Balloon catheters characterised by balloon shape
- A61M2025/1004—Balloons with folds, e.g. folded or multifolded
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/1027—Making of balloon catheters
- A61M25/1029—Production methods of the balloon members, e.g. blow-moulding, extruding, deposition or by wrapping a plurality of layers of balloon material around a mandril
- A61M2025/1031—Surface processing of balloon members, e.g. coating or deposition; Mounting additional parts onto the balloon member's surface
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
- A61M2025/105—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having a balloon suitable for drug delivery, e.g. by using holes for delivery, drug coating or membranes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
- A61M2025/1075—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having a balloon composed of several layers, e.g. by coating or embedding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
- A61M2025/1086—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having a special balloon surface topography, e.g. pores, protuberances, spikes or grooves
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- A61M25/104—Balloon catheters used for angioplasty
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- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
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Abstract
Catéter con globo para la administración de medicamentos que comprende un globo, presentando la superficie del globo un revestimiento que comprende un principio activo fuertemente lipófilo, poco soluble en agua y que se une a cualquiera de los componentes del tejido y una sustancia de matriz ligeramente soluble en agua, estando el principio activo incorporada en la sustancia de matriz, caracterizado por que la sustancia de matriz comprende una sustancia hidrófila de bajo peso molecular con un peso molecular < 2000 D.
Description
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DESCRIPCION
Dispositivo medico para la administracion de medicamentos
La invencion se refiere a un cateter con globo y a un procedimiento para el revestimiento de un cateter con globo.
Numerosas enfermedades no afectan a todo el organismo al mismo tiempo, sino que estan limitadas a determinados tipos de tejidos, a menudo tambien a zonas de tejidos o a partes de organos individuales muy delimitadas. Ejemplos de ello se encuentran en las enfermedades tumorales, de las articulaciones y vasculares.
La farmacoterapia tambien de estas enfermedades tiene lugar, por lo general, mediante administracion oral o intravenosa de sustancias medicamentosas que se reparten en todo el cuerpo y en muchos casos provocan, precisamente en enfermedades graves, efectos indeseados en tejidos y organos sanos que limitan la aplicacion terapeutica. Una terapia selectiva de los tejidos enfermos se alcanzo mediante sustancias medicamentosas (p. ej., anticuerpos) que se unen espedficamente al tejido enfermo manteniendo la via de aplicacion o mediante administracion selectiva, p. ej., mediante inyeccion directa en el tejido enfermo o mediante la aportacion a traves de cateteres a los vasos sangumeos que abastecen al tejido enfermo. En el caso de la administracion selectiva, debido a la duracion del efecto, la mayona de las veces corta, de las sustancias medicamentosas y a las vfas de administracion invasivas, resultan problemas que prodben una administracion repetida de forma arbitraria. En el caso de una administracion selectiva a traves del torrente sangumeo que abastece al tejido enfermo resulta el problema adicional de una extraccion insuficiente de las sustancias medicamentosas en el caso del pasaje rapido de la sangre o de la disolucion de principios activos a traves de los vasos sangumeos.
Estos problemas fueron afrontados hasta ahora mediante diferentes preparados farmaceuticos con liberacion retardada del principio activo, implantes liberadores de medicamentos o vfas de acceso selectivo funcionales durante largo tiempo tales como cateteres implantados, etc.
Es ya conocido, revestir la superficie de aparatos medicos incorporados en el cuerpo, en particular cateteres, con medios para mejorar la capacidad de deslizamiento o impedir la coagulacion sangumea, pero sin un efecto terapeutico.
Ademas de ello, los cateteres son provistos de dispositivos especiales con el fin de inyectar los medicamentos en la pared de la arteria, por ejemplo mediante agujas o presion de inyeccion elevada a traves de una perforacion proxima a la pared del vaso de la pared del cateter.
Otros principios se basan en prolongar el tiempo de contacto entre la pared de la arteria y un preparado de principio activo aplicado a traves del cateter, suprimiendo el torrente sangumeo durante un espacio de tiempo correspondiente, p. ej., cateteres con doble globo con una camara llena de la disolucion medicamentosa que se encuentra entre los globos o cavidades entre, p. ej., la pared externa del globo provista de engrosamientos, pudiendo mantenerse el torrente sangumeo en una medida limitada a traves de un canal que atraviesa el globo.
Conforme al documento US 5 102 402, sustancias medicamentosas en forma de microcapsulas para la liberacion retardada del principio activo se incorporan de forma suelta en depresiones previamente conformadas de cateteres con globo. Despues de la expansion del globo, las microcapsulas deben ser comprimidas en la pared del vaso, deben permanecer ailt y liberar lentamente el o los principios activos. Numerosos autores proponen tambien incorporar en cateteres con globo sustancias medicamentosas embutidas en hidrogel, quedando pendiente conocer la funcion del hidrogel como agente adhesivo para mejorar la capacidad de deslizamiento o para retardar la liberacion de las sustancias medicamentosas.
Un inconveniente de los productos mencionados es en cualquier caso la estructura compleja con correspondientes problemas en la fabricacion, control de calidad y coste, asf como etapas adicionales de trabajo que agobian al medico y al paciente en la aplicacion. Una parte de los metodos mencionados conduce a una lesion de los vasos totalmente indeseada, que va mas alla del ensanchamiento previsto de los vasos. Por otra parte, cada una de las medidas previstas para prolongar el tiempo de contacto tiene como consecuencia un abastecimiento mmimo adicional con sangre y oxfgeno del tejido dispuesto a continuacion.
A mayor abundamiento, se remite ademas a un dispositivo descrito en el documento WO 01/24866 para impedir la restenosis que esta revestido con una sustancia de ceramida lipfdica derivada de membranas celulares naturales. Esta sustancia se utiliza en virtud de su afinidad por las paredes celulares de la pared arterial que no se encuentran en sustancias medicamentosas habituales. En la bibliograffa cientffica se continua defendiendo, sin embargo, la interpretacion de que una profilaxis medicamentosa de la restenosis requiere una liberacion de las sustancias activas necesarias a lo largo de dfas.
El documento WO 01/49268 A1 se refiere a formulaciones farmaceuticas para la aportacion de medicamentos que presentan una escasa solubilidad en agua.
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La invencion tiene por mision proporcionar un dispositivo para una administracion de medicamentos limitada a determinadas zonas de tejidos o partes de organos que ejerza un fuerte efecto terapeutico sin una influencia nociva sobre el tejido sano, incomode solo poco al paciente y pueda aplicarse y fabricarse con escasa complejidad.
Conforme a la invencion, el problema se resuelve con un dispositivo configurado o bien fabricado conforme a las caractensticas de las reivindicaciones 1, 11 y 15. De las reivindicaciones subordinadas resultan otras caractensticas y perfeccionamientos ventajosos de la invencion.
Mediante la invencion, en un sencillo procedimiento de fabricacion, se proporcionan cateteres con globo portadores de sustancia medicamentosa mejorados que son versatiles y posibilitan una liberacion inmediata del principio activo. De manera sorprende y en contra de la doctrina, no es necesaria ni util una liberacion prolongada del principio activo a partir de una matriz interna (polfmero, hidrogel, microcapsulas, etc.) o estados qmmicos o ffsicos especiales de los principios activos. Por lo tanto, tampoco se requieren tecnicas complejas para la produccion o el control de formulaciones de deposito.
El revestimiento de globos que se encuentran en cateteres con sustancias medicamentosas conforme a la presente invencion es de particular utilidad en la medida en que despues del ensanchamiento de los vasos sangumeos u otras cavidades en el cuerpo con los globos existe a menudo la demanda de medidas terapeuticas con el fin de impedir un estrechamiento o un cierre del lumen creado por el globo bajo presion, limitar el desarrollo de tumores o fomentar procesos de curacion incluida la formacion de circuitos colaterales. Esto puede alcanzarse mediante sustancias medicamentosas que desplieguen su efecto en inmediata proximidad a la superficie del globo. Las sustancias medicamentosas se adhieren en el camino al objetivo - la mayona de las veces a traves de arterias intensamente regadas - hasta el despliegue del globo firmemente sobre este, son suministradas entonces al tejido en una dosis eficaz durante el corto tiempo de contacto, que dura a menudo solo segundos, del globo desplegado y son recogidas por este de manera que se evite el arrastre por el torrente sangumeo que se inicia inmediatamente de nuevo despues del desinflamiento del globo.
Para el revestimiento estan previstos, conforme a la invencion, cateteres o bien partes de cateteres que son presionados, al menos durante un corto tiempo, con presion contra el tejido enfermo. Materiales de cateter preferidos son poliamidas, mezclas de poliamidas y copolfmeros, poli(tereftalato de etileno), polietileno y copolfmeros, poliuretano, caucho natural y sus derivados. La longitud y el diametro de las zonas de los cateteres o bien globos previstas para la farmacoterapia no es de importancia decisiva para la aplicacion, dado que la dosificacion se calcula en |jg de principio activo / mm2 de superficie. Por ejemplo, para las dilataciones de coronarias son habituales globos con un diametro en el intervalo de 2-4 mm y una longitud de 1,0-4,0 cm. Para otros vasos pueden emplearse tambien globos con un diametro de hasta > 20 mm y longitudes de hasta > 10 cm. Las superficies a revestir pueden ser lisas (es decir, sin una estructura particular para la absorcion de los principios activos), asperizadas o pueden estar provistas de manera arbitraria de estructuras, en donde estructuras especiales de la superficie no son premisa para la adherencia de los principios activos, pero tampoco impiden la adherencia. La adherencia de los principios activos sobre las superficies de los globos se determina exclusivamente mediante la eleccion de disolventes adecuados y, eventualmente, sustancias aditivas que influyen sobre la adherencia. Esta es sorprendentemente firme, incluso sobre superficies de globos totalmente lisas por el exterior.
Todas las superficies pueden haber sido o pueden ser revestidas adicionalmente con sustancias que mejoren la capacidad de deslizamiento de los productos, impidan la coagulacion de la sangre en la superficie o mejoren demas propiedades de los dispositivos medicos, sin que tengan que entregarse al entorno materiales utilizados para el revestimiento y sin que el revestimiento limite esencialmente la administracion de los principios activos para el tratamiento del tejido diana y, con ello, la eficacia.
Cateteres con globo se conforman a partir de tubos flexibles de material sintetico muy delgados mediante el ensanchamiento de un segmento de 1 hasta aprox. 10 cm de longitud. La membrana del globo de pared muy fina, ensanchada, se coloca a continuacion en varios pliegues dispuestos longitudinalmente con respecto al eje del cateter y se enrollan firmemente en torno al eje del cateter, de modo que la zona ensanchada en estado plegado presenta solo un diametro mayor mmimo que el cateter restante. El estrecho plegamiento de la envuelta del globo es premisa para el paso sin problemas del cateter con globo a traves de esclusas de introduccion, cateteres de grna y, p. ej., tramos fuertemente estrechados de vasos sangumeos.
Los globos de cateteres pueden ser revestidos en estado plegado y desplegado, alcanzandose en cualquier caso un revestimiento intacto y suficientemente uniforme de la superficie y adhiriendose los principios activos de forma suficientemente solida a su superficie tambien durante el plegamiento de un cateter con globo revestido en estado desplegado.
La fabricacion de un globo revestido en estado desplegado tiene lugar sin perjuicio del revestimiento, por ejemplo mediante el uso de envueltas de globo con pliegues pre-conformados y curvaturas, cuya estructura en el material no se pierda mediante el ensanchamiento y que despues de cesar la presion sobre el globo determinan que la envuelta del globo se pliegue al menos de forma suelta de nuevo correctamente, sin que requiera de una fuerza externa como
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causa primaria. Solo despues, los pliegues previamente conformados son comprimidos desde el exterior o mediante vado. En ningun caso se requieren pliegues para sujetar al principio activo. Ademas, el plegamiento puede alcanzarse mediante escasas fuerzas mecanicas por medio de materiales muy lisos, pudiendo ser humectadas las herramientas tambien, por ejemplo, con lfquidos biocompatibles resbaladizos en los cuales no se disuelven o en todo caso no se disuelven bien los principios activos.
Conforme a otra variante de la invencion, los globos de cateteres con globos plegados acabados son revestidos mediante inmersion en disoluciones poco viscosas de principio activo. En este caso, el disolvente y el principio activo penetran entre los pliegues extremadamente estrechos y forman ailf una capa sorprendentemente uniforme y reproducible en la dosis que no es danada por ninguna etapa de trabajo adicional. La disolucion adherida en el exterior o bien la capa adherida en el exterior despues del secado del disolvente puede dejarse allf o eliminarse en otra etapa de trabajo, de modo que solo permanece el principio activo cubierto por los pliegues del globo.
Despues del revestimiento, en el caso de un globo plegado, puede introducirse un estent en el cateter con globo y prensarse firmemente en este. Despues, ya solo se requiere la esterilizacion, p. ej., mediante oxido de etileno.
El paso de trabajo configurado de esta manera es extraordinariamente sencillo, poco propenso a fallos y tambien susceptible de ser llevado a cabo con materiales de revestimiento mecanica, qrnmica y ffsicamente sensibles. Se ha demostrado que el revestimiento segun este procedimiento no conduce a un relajamiento o pegado del pliegue indeseado y que el principio activo aplicado de esta manera se adhiere lo suficientemente firme como para no ser desprendido en el recorrido a traves de la sangre, por otro lado, en el caso del inflamiento del globo libera ampliamente el principio activo en el tejido diana.
Como sustancias medicamentosas se emplean sustancias medicamentosas fuertemente lipofilas, ampliamente insolubles en agua y fuertemente activas que se unen a cualquiera de los componentes del tejido. Como lipofilas se designan sustancias medicamentosas, cuyo coeficiente de reparto butanol: tampon acuoso pH 7 es 0,5, preferiblemente es 1 y de manera particularmente preferida es 5 o bien octanol: tampon acuoso pH 7 es 1, preferiblemente es 10, de manera particularmente preferida es > 50. Alternativa o adicionalmente, las sustancias medicamentosas deben unirse de forma reversible y/o irreversible a los componentes de la celula en > 10%, preferiblemente en > 50%, de manera particularmente preferida en > 80%. Se prefieren sustancias para la inhibicion de la proliferacion celular o tambien procesos inflamatorios o antioxidantes tales como paclitaxel u otros taxanos, rapamicina y sustancias relacionadas, tacrolimus y sustancias relacionadas, corticoides, hormonas sexuales (estrogeno, estradiol, antiandrogenos) y sustancias relacionadas, estatinas, epotilonas, probucol, prostaciclinas, inductores de la angiogenesis, etc.
Ademas, en esta memoria se describe que las sustancias pueden presentarse como sustancia solida seca o en forma de aceite sobre las superficies de los distintos dispositivos medicos. En este caso, se prefieren partfculas del menor tamano (la mayona < 5 pm, preferiblemente < 1 pm, de manera particularmente preferida < 0,1 pm), particularmente preferidas son estructuras amorfas y no cristalinas de tamanos de partfcula muy finos, las cuales, al contacto con el tejido, debido a su gran superficie y a pesar de una solubilidad en agua basicamente pequena de las sustancias medicamentosas, pasen rapidamente a disolucion y no actuen como microcapsulas, es decir, se disuelvan espontanea y rapidamente. En este caso, es suficiente que este presente una dosis eficaz en forma de partfculas muy pequenas o amorfas; partfculas mayores apenas contribuyen en la concentracion del principio activo en el tejido, pero tampoco estorban. La dosificacion se orienta en funcion del efecto deseado y de la actividad de las sustancias medicamentosas utilizadas. Puede alcanzar hasta 5 pg/mm2, no representando esto lfmite superior alguno. Dosificaciones menores son mas faciles de realizar.
Una buena adherencia a las superficies de los cateteres, agujas o alambres en el caso de la mejora de la absorcion en el tejido se alcanza mediante la embuticion de principios activos fuertemente lipofilos y poco solubles en agua en una sustancia de matriz facilmente soluble en agua. Como sustancias de matriz son adecuadas sustancias hidrofilas de bajo peso molecular (peso molecular < 5000 D, preferiblemente < 2000 D) tales como agentes de contraste utilizados in vivo y colorantes para diferentes procedimientos de diagnostico en medicina, azucares y sustancias relacionadas tales como azucar-alcoholes, polietilenglicoles de bajo peso molecular, sales organicas e inorganicas biocompatibles tales como, p. ej., benzoatos, sales y otros derivados del acido salidlico, etc. Como agente de contraste se remite a los agentes de contraste de rayos X yodados y a los quelatos paramagneticos, ejemplos de colorantes son verde de indocianina, fluorescema y azul de metileno. Los coadyuvantes pueden servir tambien para mejorar la capacidad de almacenamiento de los productos, provocar efectos farmacologicos complementarios especiales o servir para el control de la calidad.
De acuerdo con la invencion, la sustancia de la matriz comprende una sustancia hidrofila de bajo peso molecular con un peso molecular < 2000 D.
Coadyuvantes de todo tipo pueden emplearse en una dosis menor o mayor que los principios activos.
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El revestimiento de los dispositivos medicos tiene lugar mediante disoluciones, suspensiones o emulsiones de las sustancias medicamentosas mencionadas y coadyuvantes. Medios de disolucion, suspension o emulsion adecuados son, por ejemplo, etanol, isopropanol, acetato de etilo, dietileter, acetona, dimetilsulfoxido, dimetilformamida, glicerol, agua o mezclas de los mismos. La eleccion de los disolventes tiene lugar de manera correspondiente a la solubilidad de los principios activos y las sustancias aditivas, asf como de la humectacion de las superficies a revestir y del efecto sobre la estructura del revestimiento que permanece despues de la evaporacion del disolvente y partfculas, su adherencia sobre la superficie y la transferencia de principio activo al tejido durante tiempos de contacto muy cortos.
La aplicacion puede tener lugar, por ejemplo, mediante inmersion, embadurnamiento, aplicacion mediante dispositivos de medicion del volumen o pulverizacion, en cada caso a diferentes temperaturas y eventualmente saturaciones de vapor de los disolventes en la atmosfera. El proceso puede repetirse varias veces, eventualmente tambien utilizando diferentes disolventes y coadyuvantes.
Los globos de cateteres con globo plegados de forma acabada se pueden revestir mediante inmersion en disoluciones con contenido en principio activo u otras medidas de manera sorprendentemente uniforme, reproducible y controlable en la dosis y sin perjuicio de la funcion de los cateteres. En el caso de una inmersion repetida en disoluciones insaturadas de principio activo, no se produce, en contra de lo esperado, un desprendimiento completo del principio activo previamente aplicado, sino un aumento reproducible del contenido en principio activo de los globos.
La disolucion en exceso o bien sustancias en exceso que se adhieren de forma suelta en el exterior a base de la disolucion de revestimiento pueden separarse con metodos sencillos sin que se produzca un perjuicio de la actividad del revestimiento.
Los dispositivos medicos de diferente tipo, configurados y fabricados conforme a la invencion, entran en contacto con el tejido brevemente, es decir durante segundos, minutos o unas pocas horas. En algunos casos, se desea tratar farmacologicamente el tejido en estrecha proximidad del producto medico, por ejemplo impedir un desarrollo excesivo como reaccion de una lesion o reducir el crecimiento del tumor o fomentar el crecimiento de vasos sangumeos o reducir las reacciones inflamatorias. En todos estos casos, con el procedimiento arriba descrito se puede alcanzar una concentracion medicamentosa global elevada durante un tiempo sorprendentemente largo. Una ventaja esencial es la extraordinaria pluralidad de posibilidades de empleo de los productos y procedimientos descritos.
Una aplicacion preferida es la reduccion de la hiperproliferacion de las paredes de los vasos inducida por la dilatacion de los vasos mediante cateteres con globo. Esta hiperproliferacion se ha de alcanzar en la zona de los apoyos vasculares (estents) eventualmente implantados tambien mediante el revestimiento de los estents con sustancias medicamentosas, no obstante solo en la zona de los vasos directamente cubierta por el estent. Los cateteres con globo revestidos tratan, ademas de ello, las zonas necesarias de tratamiento un poco delante y un poco detras del estent, pueden tratar sin una implantacion renovada del estent la zona dentro de estents ya presentes o vasos en los que no se ha o no se puede implantar estent alguno. Ventajoso frente a los estents que liberan la sustancia medicamentosa a lo largo de un espacio de tiempo prolongado, es la mejor curacion con una buena inhibicion simultanea de la hiperproliferacion y el escaso riesgo de trombosis.
En lo que sigue, se describen varias formas de realizacion de la invencion en el ejemplo del revestimiento de cateteres con globo asf como en relacion con la adherencia del revestimiento en la sangre, la inhibicion de la restenosis y el contenido en principio activo de los cateteres.
Ejemplo Comparativo 1:
Revestimiento de un cateter con globo expandido con paclitaxel en acetato de etilo Cateteres con globo de la razon social BMT, Oberpfaffenhofen/Munich, Alemania, con la denominacion Joker Lite, tamano del globo 2,5 mm x 20 mm, se sumergen tras una expansion maxima durante 1 min, a lo largo de toda la longitud del globo en acetato de etilo, 18,8 mg de paclitaxel/ ml + aceite de oliva farmaceutico al 1%, se secan:
Contenido en paclitaxel 39 |jg (despues de la extraccion con etanol, NPLC).
Ejemplo Comparativo 2:
Revestimiento de un cateter con globo plegado con paclitaxel en acetato de etilo Cateteres con globo de la razon social BMT, Oberpfaffenhofen/Munich, Alemania, con la denominacion Joker Lite, tamano del globo 2,5 mm x 20 mm, se sumergen en estado plegado durante 1 min, a lo largo de toda la longitud del globo en acetato de etilo, 18,8 mg de paclitaxel/ ml + aceite de oliva farmaceutico al 1%, se secan:
Contenido en paclitaxel 69 jg.
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Ejemplo Comparativo 3:
Revestimiento de un cateter con globo plegado con paclitaxel en acetato de etilo
a) Cateteres con globo de la razon social BMT, Oberpfaffenhofen/Munich, Alemania, con la denominacion Joker Lite, tamano del globo 2,5 mm x 20 mm, se sumergen en estado plegado durante 1 min, a lo largo de toda la longitud del globo en acetato de etilo, 16,6 mg de paclitaxel/ ml, se secan durante 4 h: contenido en paclitaxel 54 |jg
b) De igual manera, pero todavfa 2 veces durante 5 s con un tiempo de secado de 1 h despues de cada proceso de inmersion, sumergir en disolucion A (= 3,33 ml de acetato de etilo + 100,0 mg de paclitaxel): contenido en paclitaxel 126 jg
c) De la misma manera, pero todavfa 4 veces durante 5 s con un tiempo de secado de 1 h despues de un proceso de inmersion, sumergir en la misma disolucion: contenido en paclitaxel 158 jg
Ejemplo Comparativo 4:
Revestimiento de un cateter con globo con paclitaxel en acetona Disolver 350 mg de paclitaxel en 9,0 ml de acetona; cateteres con globo de la razon social BMT, Oberpfaffenhofen/Munich, Alemania, con la denominacion Joker Lite, tamano del globo 2,5 mm x 20 mm se sumergen en estado maximo expandido durante 1 min a lo largo de toda la longitud del globo, se retiran y el disolvente se seca a temperatura ambiente durante 12 h. Despues, el globo se desinfla y se pliega de manera habitual con una herramienta revestida con PTFE. Opcionalmente, puede plegarse un estent de tamano adecuado sobre el globo: 29 jg de paclitaxel sobre el globo.
Ejemplo 1:
Revestimiento de un cateter con globo con paclitaxel en acetona
a) inmersion de cateteres con globo de la razon social BMT con la denominacion Allegro, tamano del globo 2,5 x 20 mm en una mezcla de 0,15 ml de etanol + 4,5 jl de Ultravist 300 (agente de contraste de rayos X de Schering AG, Berlin, Alemania) + 1,35 ml de acetona + 0,8 mg de rojo Sudan + 30,0 mg de paclitaxel:
Los segmentos de globo plegados de los cateteres se sumergen 5 veces, la 1a vez durante 1 minuto, luego tiempo de secado durante 3 h, despues 4 veces durante 5 s en cada caso a intervalos de 1 h; despues se
ondulo un estent y el cateter se esterilizo con el estent de manera habitual con oxido de etileno: contenido
en paclitaxel 172 jg, ningun producto de descomposicion del principio activo detectable mediante HPLC.
b) En lugar de Ultravist 300 se anade una disolucion acuosa saturada de manita.
c) En lugar de Ultravist 300 se anade una disolucion acuosa saturada de salicilato de sodio, pH 7,5.
d) A la disolucion acabada segun (5a) se anaden 5 mg de acido acetilsalidlico.
e) A la disolucion acabada segun (5a) se anaden 5 mg de glicerol.
Ejemplo 2:
Adherencia del principio activo en la sangre
Se utilizaron 12 cateteres con globo de la razon social BMT con la denominacion Allegro, tamano del globo 2,5 x 20 mm. En cada caso 6 trozos de los segmentos de globo plegados de los cateteres se sumergieron en [0,15 ml de etanol + 4,5 jl de Ultravist 300 + 1,35 ml de acetona + 0,8 mg de rojo Sudan + 30,0 mg de paclitaxel] o en [1,5 ml de acetato de etilo + 0,8 mg de rojo Sudan + 31,0 mg de paclitaxel] 5 veces, la 1a vez durante 1 minuto, despues tiempo
de secado durante 3 h, despues 4 veces durante en cada caso 5 s a intervalos de 1 h; despues, en cada caso 3
globos plegados de cada una de las series se movieron ligeramente en 50 ml de sangre humana durante 5 min a 37°C y luego se retiraron para el analisis del contenido en paclitaxel: disminucion de los valores medios (n = 3 por cada metodo de revestimiento) mediante movimiento durante 5 minutos en sangre, en comparacion con en cada caso 3 cateteres control que no fueron incubados en sangre.
acetona: 12%
acetato de etilo: 10%
Ejemplo 3:
Examen de la inhibicion de la restenosis despues de angioplastia e implantacion de estent en las coronarias de cerdos
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Cateteres con globo plegados de la razon social BMT tipo Joker Lite, BMT 3,5 x 20 mm o 3,0 x 20 mm se sumergieron en
disolucion A) 3,33 ml de acetato de etilo (EA) + 100,0 mg de paclitacel o en
disolucion B) 0,45 ml de etanol + 100 pi de Ultravist-370 + 4,5 ml de acetona (Ac) + 150,0 mg de
paclitaxel
durante 1 min y se secaron durante la noche a temperatura ambiente. Otro proceso de inmersion (dosis baja = L) o bien 4 procesos de inmersion adicionales (dosis elevada = H) se llevaron a cabo en cada caso solo durante 5 segundos al dfa siguiente a intervalos de 1 h.
Contenido en principio activo despues de inmersion durante 2 veces en disolucion (B), en promedio 250 pg, en el caso de inmersion durante 5 veces en disolucion (B) 500 pg, en disolucion (A) 400 pg.
En total a 22 cerdos se les implantaron, mediante los cateteres con paclitaxel o mediante cateteres no revestidos, estents en la pared anterior o la pared lateral de la arteria coronaria izquierda, siendo extendidos ligeramente los vasos para la estimulacion de la restenosis mediante hiperplasia del tejido. Al cabo de 5 semanas, se volvieron a angiografiar a los animales y se midio la magnitud del estrechamiento de los vasos en los angiogramas con un programa de ordenador automatico.
- Grupo
- Estenosis (%)
- No revestido
- 50,49
- AcL
- 20,22
- EAH
- 36,01
- AcH
- 0,86
- P
- 0,004
Angiograffa coronaria cuantitativa 5 semanas despues de la implantacion de los estents con cateteres no revestidos y revestidos; estenosis = reduccion porcentual del diametro del lumen en la zona del estent en comparacion con el diametro del lumen inmediatamente despues de la implantacion del estent. Valor medio y significancia estadfstica del efecto de tratamiento.
Ejemplo 4:
Contenido en principio activo de los cateteres despues de la dilatacion de los vasos y la implantacion del estent.
Los globos del Ejemplo 4 se separaron de los cateteres con globo despues de la implantacion de los estents y de la extraccion de los animales a una longitud de aprox. 3 cm y se transfirieron a 1,5 ml de etanol. El contenido en paclitaxel se determino mediante HPLC. Se examinaron todos los globos revestidos disponibles y una seleccion de globos no revestidos.
Coronaria,
- 3,0 x 20 mm,
- revestimiento: Ac elevado 38 ± 4 pg (n = 4)
- Ac bajo 22 ± 5 pg (n = 2)
- EEE elevado 41 (n = 1)
- 3,5 x 20 mm,
- revestimiento: Ac elevado 37 ± 10 pg (n = 8)
- Ac bajo 26 ± 6 pg (n = 8)
- EEE elevado 53 ± 9 pg (n = 9)
No revestido (independientemente del tamano y de la zona del vaso)
0,9 ± 1,0 pg (n = 7)
Del Ejemplo 2 resulta que como maximo se pierde el 10% de las dosis antes de expandir el globo y que permanece aproximadamente el 10% de las dosis en el globo.
Ejemplo Comparativo 5:
Se incorpora probucol en una concentracion de 100 mg/ml en acetona; la disolucion se emplea tal como se ha 5 descrito en los ejemplos precedentes para el revestimiento de los cateteres con globo.
Ejemplo Comparativo 6:
Rapamicina se disuelve en una concentracion de 10 mg/ml en dietileter. El revestimiento de las partes de los globos de los cateteres tiene lugar como se describe en los ejemplos precedentes; los globos deben ser extendidos en posicion horizontal en lo posible inmediatamente despues de la extraccion de la disolucion de revestimiento y ser 10 girados constantemente en torno a su eje longitudinal.
Ejemplo Comparativo 7:
Epotilona B se disuelve en una concentracion de 2 mg/ml en acetato de etilo; la disolucion se emplea como se describe en los ejemplos precedentes para el revestimiento de los cateteres con globo.
Claims (15)
- 51015202530354045REIVINDICACIONES1. Cateter con globo para la administracion de medicamentos que comprende un globo, presentando la superficie del globo un revestimiento que comprende un principio activo fuertemente lipofilo, poco soluble en agua y que se une a cualquiera de los componentes del tejido y una sustancia de matriz ligeramente soluble en agua, estando el principio activo incorporada en la sustancia de matriz, caracterizado por que la sustancia de matriz comprende una sustancia hidrofila de bajo peso molecular con un peso molecular < 2000 D.
- 2. Cateter con globo segun la reivindicacion 1, en donde el principio activo lipofilo es paclitaxel o rapamicina.
- 3. Cateter con globo segun una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en donde la sustancia de matriz se selecciona del grupo que consiste en agentes de contraste, p. ej., agentes de contraste de rayos X yodados o quelatos paramagneticos, y colorantes para procedimientos de diagnostico en medicina, p. ej., verde de indocianina, fluorescema o azul de metileno, azucares, azucar-alcoholes, polietilenglicoles de bajo peso molecular, sales organicas biocompatibles, sales inorganicas biocompatibles, p. ej., benzoatos, y sales del acido salicilico.
- 4. Cateter con globo segun una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, obtenible mediante la aplicacion de una disolucion sobre el globo, en donde la disolucion consiste en el principio activo lipofilo, una sustancia hidrofila ligeramente soluble en agua de bajo peso molecular con un peso molecular < 2000 D y un disolvente que se selecciona de etanol, isopropanol, acetato de etilo, dietileter, acetona, dimetilsulfoxido, dimetilformamida, glicerol y/o agua, y evaporacion del disolvente.
- 5. Cateter con globo segun una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizado por que en la superficie del globo el principio activo lipofilo se presenta en una dosis de hasta 5 pg/mm2.
- 6. Cateter con globo segun una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizado por que la superficie del globo es lisa, aspera o estructurada.
- 7. Cateter con globo segun una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizado por que el material del cateter se selecciona de poliamidas, mezclas de poliamidas y copolfmeros, poli(tereftalato de etileno), polietileno y copolfmeros, poliuretano y caucho natural.
- 8. Cateter con globo segun una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizado por que el globo presenta un diametro de 2-4 mm y una longitud de 1-4 cm.
- 9. Cateter con globo segun una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en donde el cateter con globo se presenta en union con un estent.
- 10. Cateter con globo segun una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en donde el cateter con globo es un dispositivo medico para la administracion de medicamentos para la terapia selectiva de determinados segmentos de tejido o partes de organos enfermos, en donde en la superficie del globo que contacta al menos durante breve tiempo bajo presion con el tejido enfermo, el principio activo lipofilo, ampliamente insoluble en agua y que se une a cualquier componente del tejido se adhiere con liberacion inmediata del principio activo despues del contacto con el tejido.
- 11. Procedimiento para el revestimiento de un cateter con globo para la administracion de medicamentos, que comprende las etapas:a) proporcionar un cateter con globo que comprende un globo;b) aplicar una disolucion que consiste en un principio activo fuertemente lipofilo, poco soluble en agua y que se une a cualquiera de los componentes del tejido, una sustancia hidrofila ligeramente soluble en agua de bajo peso molecular con un peso molecular < 2000 D y un disolvente sobre la superficie del globo;c) secar el cateter con globo.
- 12. Procedimiento segun la reivindicacion 11, en el que la aplicacion tiene lugar mediante inmersion, embadurnamiento, aplicacion mediante un dispositivo de medicion del volumen o pulverizacion.
- 13. Procedimiento segun la reivindicacion 11 o 12, en el que el disolvente se selecciona de etanol, isopropanol, acetato de etilo, dietileter, acetona, dimetilsulfoxido, dimetilformamida, glicerol y/o agua.
- 14. Procedimiento segun una de las reivindicaciones 11 a 13, en el que la etapa (a) comprende la provision de un cateter con globo con un globo en estado plegado o con un globo en estado desplegado.
- 15. Uso de una disolucion que consiste en un principio activo fuertemente lipofilo, poco soluble en agua, que se une a cualquiera de los componentes del tejido, un coadyuvante hidrofilo ligeramente soluble en agua de bajo pesomolecular con un peso molecular < 2000 D y un disolvente para el revestimiento del globo de un cateter con globo para la administracion de medicamentos.
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| DE10244847 | 2002-09-20 | ||
| DE2002144847 DE10244847A1 (de) | 2002-09-20 | 2002-09-20 | Medizinische Vorrichtung zur Arzneimittelabgabe |
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| ES2616521T3 true ES2616521T3 (es) | 2017-06-13 |
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| ES14199403.8T Expired - Lifetime ES2620496T3 (es) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-08-26 | Dispositivo médico para la administración de medicamentos |
| ES03750300T Expired - Lifetime ES2300604T3 (es) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-08-26 | Dispositivo medicinal para el suministro de medicamento. |
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| ES14199403.8T Expired - Lifetime ES2620496T3 (es) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-08-26 | Dispositivo médico para la administración de medicamentos |
| ES03750300T Expired - Lifetime ES2300604T3 (es) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-08-26 | Dispositivo medicinal para el suministro de medicamento. |
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| WO (2) | WO2004028582A1 (es) |
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