ES2653567T3 - Mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial - Google Patents
Mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2653567T3 ES2653567T3 ES10802916.6T ES10802916T ES2653567T3 ES 2653567 T3 ES2653567 T3 ES 2653567T3 ES 10802916 T ES10802916 T ES 10802916T ES 2653567 T3 ES2653567 T3 ES 2653567T3
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- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- threaded
- post
- gear
- gear sleeve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/4455—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
- A61F2/4465—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages having a circular or kidney shaped cross-section substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spine
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- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7062—Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral processes, vertebral facets or ribs ; Tools for such devices
- A61B17/7065—Devices with changeable shape, e.g. collapsible or having retractable arms to aid implantation; Tools therefor
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- A61F2/447—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages substantially parallelepipedal, e.g. having a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section
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- A61F2/4603—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
- A61F2/4611—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of spinal prostheses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
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- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/2056—Telescopic screws with at least three screw members in coaxial arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16H25/22—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members
- F16H25/2204—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members with balls
- F16H25/2214—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members with balls with elements for guiding the circulating balls
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- A61F2/385—Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained hinged, i.e. with transverse axle restricting the movement also provided with condylar bearing surfaces
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Abstract
Un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial que comprende: un primer miembro (110) y un segundo miembro (150) teniendo cada uno una superficie interior configurada para mirar hacia la superficie interior de la otra; un primer poste y (111, 112, 511, 621, 721, 810) un segundo poste teniendo cada uno una superficie (113, 114, 113A, 114A, 113B, 114B, 811) exterior roscada en una porción del poste; y un manguito correspondiente (120, 130, 520, 620, 720, 820) para cada poste configurado para envolver el poste respectivo y que tiene: una superficie (122, 132) interior roscada en una porción del manguito configurada para interconectarse directamente con la superficie (113, 114, 113A, 114A, 113B, 114B, 811) exterior roscada del poste; y una superficie (124, 134, 134A, 822) exterior engranada helicoidalmente en una porción del manguito; y un mecanismo de accionamiento que tiene una superficie configurada para interconectarse simultáneamente con y accionar la superficie exterior engranada de cada uno de los manguitos, dispuesta de manera que el funcionamiento selectivo del mecanismo de accionamiento provoca una expansión telescópica del primer miembro (110) con respecto al segundo miembro (150) por una expansión axial telescópica simultánea del primer manguito y el segundo manguito que se trasladan con relación al mecanismo de accionamiento y el primer poste y el segundo poste que se trasladan con relación al primer manguito y al segundo manguito, y en donde el segundo miembro define un par de aberturas (161, 162) de manguito roscadas en la superficie interior, cada una dimensionadas para acomodar de forma rotatoria uno de los manguitos en las mismas, y el segundo miembro define además una abertura (154) de mecanismo de accionamiento dimensionada para contener de forma rotatoria el mecanismo de accionamiento en la misma, y en donde el mecanismo interconecta con los manguitos a través de las respectivas aberturas (157, 158) en el segundo miembro entre la apertura del mecanismo de accionamiento y las aberturas del manguito.
Description
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DESCRIPCION
Mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tomillo coaxial REIVINDICACIÓN DE PRIORIDAD
Esta solicitud reivindica el beneficio de la Solicitud Provisional de los Estados Unidos N° 61/271.548, presentada el 22 de julio de 2009, y la Solicitud Provisional de los Estados Unidos N° 61/365.131, presentada el 16 de julio de 2010.
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN
La presente invención se refiere a mecanismos para expandir o elevar entre una configuración comprimida y una configuración expandida. Más específicamente, la presente invención se refiere a un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN
Muchos dispositivos usan diversos mecanismos para expandir o elevar el dispositivo desde una configuración comprimida a una configuración expandida. El objetivo de dichos mecanismos es normalmente proporcionar a un dispositivo con la mayor diferencia entre su configuración comprimida y su configuración expandida, a la vez que proporciona suficiente resistencia para proporcionar un dispositivo estable que pueda soportar cualquier tipo de carga que pueda colocarse en el dispositivo. El documento JP2007196792 (NSK SL) describe un dispositivo de dirección asistida eléctrica que está diseñado para reducir la fuerza transferida al eje de dirección mediante el uso de un mecanismo de husillo de bolas.
Sin embargo, muchos de esos mecanismos requieren una configuración comprimida grande, expansión limitada desde la configuración comprimida a la configuración expandida, y/o carecen de la fuerza para mantener el dispositivo estable en condiciones de carga.
De acuerdo con esto, sería deseable proporcionar un mecanismo que pueda usarse para expandir o elevar un dispositivo que proporcione una configuración comprimida pequeña y una gran expansión a una configuración expandida, mientras que posee suficiente resistencia para proporcionar una base estable bajo condiciones de carga.
RESUMEN DE LA INVENCIÓN
Un mecanismo mejorado para expandir o elevar un dispositivo de acuerdo con diversos modos de realización de la presente invención es un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial. La presente invención proporciona un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial como se define en la reivindicación 1.
Se consiguen ventajas adicionales mediante los modos de realización indicados por las reivindicaciones dependientes.
El resumen anterior de los diversos modos de realización de la invención no pretende describir cada modo de realización ilustrado o cada implementación de la invención. Este resumen representa una visión de conjunto simplificada de ciertos aspectos de la invención para facilitar una comprensión básica de la invención y no pretende identificar elementos clave o críticos de la invención o definir el alcance de la invención.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS
La invención puede entenderse más completamente en consideración de la siguiente descripción detallada de diversos modos de realización de la invención en conexión con los dibujos adjuntos, en los que:
La figura 1A es una vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención en una configuración plegada.
La figura 1B es una vista en perspectiva del dispositivo de la figura 1A en una configuración expandida.
La figura 1C es una vista en despiece ordenado del dispositivo de la figura 1A.
La figura 1D es una vista en sección parcial del dispositivo de la figura 1A.
La figura 2A es una vista lateral parcial de un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención.
La figura 2B es una vista lateral parcial del mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de la figura 2A.
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La figura 3A es una vista lateral parcial de un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención.
La figura 3B es una vista lateral parcial del mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tomillo coaxial de la figura 3A.
La figura 4A es una vista superior parcial de un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención.
La figura 4B es una vista superior parcial del mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de la figura 4A.
La figura 5A es una vista desde un extremo de un dispositivo que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención.
La figura 5B es una vista desde un extremo en sección transversal del dispositivo de la figura 5A tomada mirando a la página.
La figura 6A es una vista frontal de un dispositivo que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención.
La figura 6B es una vista en sección transversal del dispositivo de la figura 6A tomada a lo largo de las líneas 6B-6B.
La figura 7A es una vista frontal de un dispositivo que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención.
La figura 7B es una vista en sección transversal del dispositivo de la figura 7A tomada a lo largo de las líneas 7B-7B.
La figura 8A es una vista en despiece ordenado de un dispositivo que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención.
La figura 8B es una vista en perspectiva del dispositivo de la figura 8A.
La figura 8C es una vista frontal del dispositivo de la figura 8A.
La figura 8D es una vista en sección transversal del dispositivo de la figura 8A tomada a lo largo de las líneas 8D-8D en la figura 8C.
La figura 9A es una vista en despiece ordenado de un dispositivo que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención.
La figura 9B es una vista en perspectiva del dispositivo de la figura 9A.
La figura 9C es una vista inferior del dispositivo de la figura 9A.
La figura 9D es una vista en sección transversal del dispositivo de la figura 9A tomada a lo largo de las líneas 9D-9D en la Figura 9C.
La figura 10A es una vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención.
La figura 10B es una vista frontal del dispositivo de la figura 10A.
La figura 10C es una vista en sección transversal del dispositivo de la figura 10A tomada a lo largo de las líneas 10C-10C en la figura 10B.
La figura 10D es una vista en sección transversal del dispositivo de la figura 10A tomada a lo largo de las líneas 10D-10D en la figura10B.
La figura 11A es una vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención.
La figura 11B es una vista lateral del dispositivo de la figura 11A.
La figura 12A es una vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial.
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La figura 12B es una vista lateral del dispositivo de la figura 12A.
La figura 13A es una vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tomillo coaxial.
La figura 13B es una vista lateral del dispositivo de la figura 13A.
La figura 14A es una vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo extensible que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención.
La figura 14B es una vista en corte parcial del dispositivo de la figura 14A.
La figura 15A es una vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo extensible que emplea un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial.
La figura 15B es una vista parcial del dispositivo de la figura 15A.
La figura 15C es una vista parcial del dispositivo de la figura 15A.
La Figura 15D es una vista parcial del dispositivo de la figura 15A.
Si bien la invención es susceptible de diversas modificaciones y formas alternativas, se han mostrado detalles de las mismas a modo de ejemplo en los dibujos y se describirán en detalle. Sin embargo, debe entenderse que la intención no es limitar la invención a los modos de realización particulares descritos. Por el contrario, la intención es cubrir todas las modificaciones, equivalentes y alternativas que caigan dentro del alcance de la invención tal como se define en las reivindicaciones adjuntas.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LOS DIBUJOS
En la siguiente descripción detallada de la presente invención, se exponen numerosos detalles específicos para proporcionar una comprensión completa de la presente invención. Sin embargo, un experto en la técnica reconocerá que la presente invención se puede poner en práctica sin estos detalles específicos. En otros casos, los métodos, procedimientos y componentes bien conocidos no se han descrito en detalle a fin de no complicar innecesariamente aspectos de la presente invención.
Con referencia a las figuras 1A-1C, se puede ver un dispositivo 100 que utiliza un par de mecanismos 101 de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial de acuerdo con un modo de realización de la presente invención. La figura 1A muestra el dispositivo 100 y los mecanismos 101 de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial en una configuración completamente comprimida, la figura 1B muestra una configuración completamente expandida, y la figura 1C muestra una vista en despiece ordenado del dispositivo 100. El dispositivo 100 incluye un primer miembro 110 que tiene una superficie 102 exterior y un segundo miembro 150 que tiene una superficie 104 exterior.
El dispositivo 100 también puede incluir un par de mecanismos 101 de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial. Los mecanismos 101 de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial incluyen respectivos miembros 111, 112 de poste roscados que se extienden desde el primer miembro 110 y un par de manguitos 120, 130 de engranaje roscados configurados para envolver los miembros 111, 112 de poste. Los miembros 111, 112 de poste roscados pueden tener roscas 113, 114 definidas en una superficie exterior del mismo. Los manguitos 120, 130 de engranaje roscados pueden tener tanto roscas 122, 132 interiores configuradas para interconectarse con las roscas 113, 114 de los miembros de poste roscados 111, 112 como roscas 121, 131 exteriores. En un ejemplo, tanto la rosca 121 exterior como la 122 interior de uno de los manguitos 120 son opuestas a las roscas 131, 132 del otro manguito 130. Las roscas 121, 131 externas de los manguitos 120, 130 pueden tener dientes 124, 134 del engranaje cortados en la rosca. En un ejemplo, los dientes 124, 134 del engranaje no se cortan a la raíz, o diámetro menor, de las roscas 121, 131 con el fin de maximizar la resistencia de las roscas En la configuración comprimida, los manguitos 120, 130 de engranaje roscados pueden ajustarse dentro de las aberturas 161, 162 del manguito en el segundo miembro 150. Las aberturas 161, 162 pueden incluir porciones roscadas 151, 152 que engranan con las roscas 121, 131 exteriores de manguitos 120, 130 roscados En algunos ejemplos, como se muestra, los manguitos 120, 130 de engranaje roscados pueden ser esencialmente sólidos. En otros ejemplos, los manguitos de engranaje roscados pueden incluir una o más ranuras a través del manguito para la reducción de masa y ahorro de material.
Los mecanismos 101 de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial pueden accionarse, y el dispositivo 100 por lo tanto expandirse, con la ayuda de un tornillo 140 sin fin que se extiende a través de una abertura 154 de tornillo sin fin en el dispositivo 100. El tornillo 140 sin fin puede tener primera 142 y segunda 141 secciones roscadas opuestas configuradas para interconectarse con las roscas exteriores que tienen dientes 124, 134 de manguitos 120, 130 de engranaje roscados a través de un par de aberturas 157, 158 en las porciones 151, 152 roscadas de aberturas 161, 162 de manguitos. El tornillo 140 sin fin puede incluir una hexagonal 143, 144 en cada extremo del tornillo 140 sin fin que permite que sea accionado por un dispositivo externo.
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Una vista en sección parcial de un par de mecanismos 101 de manguito de engranaje de tomillo coaxial en uso con un dispositivo 100 en la figura 1D ayuda a ilustrar cómo un dispositivo puede emplear múltiples mecanismos de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial como mecanismos telescópicos utilizando los miembros 111, 112 de poste roscados, manguitos 120, 130 de engranaje roscado y el tornillo 140 sin fin para expandir el primer miembro 110 y el segundo miembro 150 uno con respecto al otro. Al girar la hexagonal 144 en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj, y por lo tanto, el tornillo 140 sin fin en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj, la primera sección 142 roscada del tornillo 140 sin fin tira de los dientes 134 del manguito 130 de engranaje roscado hacia la cabeza 144 hexagonal. Esto hace que el manguito 130 se traslade hacia arriba desde el segundo miembro 150 y el tornillo 140 sin fin a lo largo de las roscas 152 internas. A medida que el manguito 130 gira mientras se traslada hacia arriba, el miembro 112 de poste roscado que se extiende desde el primer miembro 110, que no es capaz de girar, también se traslada hacia arriba con respecto al manguito 130 y el segundo miembro 150. Esta segunda traslación resulta de las roscas 114 externas opuestas del miembro 112 de poste roscado siendo accionadas por las roscas 132 internas correspondientes del manguito 130. Las mismas mecánicas están ocurriendo en el otro lado del dispositivo con el manguito 120 roscado opuesto que tiene roscas 121 externas y roscas 122 internas, miembro 111 de poste que tiene roscas 113 externas y segunda sección 141 roscada del tornillo 140 sin fin.
Debido a que las roscas para componentes similares para cada dispositivo son opuestas, las roscas 142 en un lado del tornillo 140 sin fin estarán tirando de los dientes 134 del engranaje del manguito 130 de engranaje roscado mientras que las roscas 141 en el otro lado del tornillo 140 sin fin estarán empujando los dientes 124 del engranaje en el otro manguito 120, o viceversa, dependiendo de la dirección de rotación del tornillo 140 sin fin. Estas fuerzas opuestas aplicadas al tornillo 140 sin fin por los manguitos 120, 130 roscados se efectúan ya sea en tensión o compresión por el tornillo 140 sin fin.
Los mecanismos de accionamiento alternativos a la transmisión por tornillo sin fin para accionar los mecanismos de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial incluyen actuadores piezoeléctricos y cualquier configuración o mecanismo de choque que imparta impulso.
Con referencia ahora a las figuras 2A y 2B, se muestra un ajuste preferido de dientes 124, 134 del engranaje de manguitos 120, 130 de engranaje roscados con una rosca cooperante tales como las porciones roscadas 151, 152 internas del segundo miembro 150. Mientras los dientes 124, 134 del engranaje son empujados hacia las roscas 151, 152 internas del segundo miembro 150 por el tornillo sin fin, la carga entre los dientes 124, 134 del engranaje y las roscas 151, 152 se equilibran por las superficies 163, 164 de apoyo entre los componentes, que da como resultado la capacidad del dispositivo 100 para expandirse por debajo o elevar una carga sustancial. Este ajuste entre los dientes 124, 134 del engranaje y las roscas 151, 152 internas puede contrastar con el ajuste mostrado en las figuras 3A y 3B. En esas figuras, cuando los dientes 124', 134' del engranaje de los manguitos 120', 130' de engranaje roscados se empujan hacia las roscas 151', 152' internas del segundo miembro 150', la fuerza no se equilibra con superficies de apoyo como en la figura 2B, sino por la fuerza que las roscas 151', 152' internas aplican a los dientes 124', 134' del engranaje. Esto puede dar como resultado que los dientes 124', 134' del engranaje actúen como una cuña y se atasquen contra las roscas 151', 152' internas, lo que reduce drásticamente la capacidad de los mecanismos de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial para expandirse o elevar cargas sustanciales y hace el mecanismo más sensible a la fricción entre los componentes. Opcionalmente, se puede usar un lubricante líquido o gaseoso, como el lubricante de silicio, para reducir la fricción en el mecanismo. También se puede usar como lubricante una solución salina.
Debe señalarse que aunque las roscas representadas en las figuras son todas roscas de tornillo en forma de nervaduras helicoidales salientes, "rosca" para los fines de la presente invención también puede referirse a cualquier otro mecanismo que traduzca la fuerza rotacional en translacional o movimiento longitudinal. Por ejemplo, en algunos ejemplos, las roscas pueden estar compuestas por una disposición recirculante o en espiral de cojinetes o cualquier otra disposición de baja fricción, tal como imanes cooperantes.
En un ejemplo, la altura de un dispositivo 100 que utiliza mecanismos 101 de manguito de engranaje coaxial entre las superficies 102, 104 de apoyo en la configuración completamente comprimida es de 6,5 milímetros y la altura máxima completamente expandida es de 12 milímetros, proporcionando así una cantidad muy grande de expansión relativa a la altura inicial del dispositivo. La altura máxima se define por la altura más grande a la que el dispositivo puede cumplir los requisitos de compresión dinámica, cizallamiento y torsión para el uso determinado del dispositivo. Las variables que determinan esta altura incluyen el ancho de los manguitos de engranaje roscados, que está limitado por el ancho deseado del dispositivo y el material del que está hecho el dispositivo. Con respecto al material para el dispositivo, los materiales con mayor rendimiento de fatiga permiten que la altura máxima del dispositivo sea más alta incluso con un ancho más estrecho.
Una vez expandidos, los mecanismos 101 de manguito de engranaje coaxial no requieren un mecanismo de bloqueo para mantener la altura deseada, incluso en condiciones de carga. Esto se debe a que, cuando se acciona hacia atrás, el mecanismo presenta una relación de transmisión muy alta que hace que incluso la más mínima fricción en el sistema sobrepase cualquier cantidad de compresión, torsión o carga de cizallamiento que pueda aplicarse al dispositivo. En los ensayos dinámicos de cizallamiento, torsión y compresión, la cantidad máxima por la cual cambió la altura de un ejemplo del dispositivo que tuvo una expansión máxima de 5,5 milímetros fue de aproximadamente
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0,01 milímetros. El dispositivo 100, puesto que la altura puede mantenerse en cualquier punto a lo largo de los manguitos de engranaje roscados, por tanto también presenta un control de altura de resolución muy alta, del orden de 1 micrómetro.
En un ejemplo, las roscas 121, 131 externas y los dientes 124, 134 del engranaje en los manguitos 120, 130 de engranaje roscados pueden tener una forma esencialmente trapezoidal. En un ejemplo, la rosca es una rosca métrica trapezoidal de 8 milímetros por 1,5 milímetros. Un diseño trapezoidal permite un tamaño de diente de engranaje relativamente grande y, en consecuencia, un área más grande sobre la cual se distribuye la carga de expansión o elevación. Además, con fabricación precisa, se pueden acoplar múltiples dientes 124, 134 del engranaje en los manguitos 120, 130 roscados mediante el tornillo 140 sin fin al mismo tiempo a lo largo del ángulo de presión ANG, como se muestra en las figuras 4A y 4B. La distribución de la carga de expansión sobre múltiples dientes de los manguitos 120, 130 y el tornillo 140 sin fin es crítica para lograr el tamaño mínimo del dispositivo a la vez que proporciona una cantidad máxima de expansión o capacidad de carga y elevación.
En un ejemplo, los mecanismos 101 de manguito de engranaje coaxial se pueden usar con un dispositivo 100 que tiene un segundo miembro 150 reforzado como se muestra en las figuras 5A y 5B. Esto se puede hacer bajando la abertura 154 del tornillo sin fin, y por lo tanto el tornillo 140 sin fin, de manera que cuando el dispositivo 100 se expande a su altura completa, el tornillo 140 sin fin se acopla con un diente 134A de engranaje completo en el manguito 130 de engranaje roscado más cercano al fondo 136 del manguito 130 de engranaje roscado. Esto permite que se baje una superficie 166 superior del segundo miembro 150, lo que permite que el primer miembro 110 sea más grueso, y por lo tanto más fuerte, mientras se mantiene la misma altura inicial. Además, esto permite que se haga más grueso el material 168 entre la superficie 166 superior del segundo miembro 150 y la abertura 154 del tornillo sin fin. Una ventaja adicional de esta configuración es que al menos una rosca 152A interna completa del segundo miembro 150 está engranada con el manguito 134 de engranaje roscado cuando el dispositivo está completamente expandido. En una configuración de este tipo, se puede añadir un grosor 167 adicional al lado del segundo miembro 150 opuesto a la abertura 154 del tornillo sin fin a lo que previamente se describió como la superficie 166A superior de ese lado del segundo miembro 150. Esto permite a una rosca 152B interna completa acoplarse al manguito 130 de engranaje roscado en el lado opuesto a la rosca 152A interna. Al capturar el manguito de engranaje roscado con una rosca completa en ambos lados, cuando el dispositivo está cargado con cizallamiento y torsión, una cantidad máxima de material resiste la carga, lo que minimiza la tensión resultante y aumenta la resistencia a la fatiga del dispositivo 100.
Las figuras 6A y 6B representan otro ejemplo de la presente invención en donde los postes 111, 112 roscados emplean una rosca 113A, 114A trapezoidal (compárense las roscas 113A en la figura 6B con las roscas 113, 114 en la figura 1D). Una configuración de rosca trapezoidal hace que la cara de rosca que soporta la carga sea perpendicular al eje del tornillo del poste 111, 112, lo que aumenta la resistencia axial de los mecanismos de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial. Las figuras 7A y 7B representan un ejemplo adicional que utiliza una rosca estándar 113B, 114B de 60 grados en los postes 111, 112 roscados. Las roscas de 60 grados se consideran estándar de la industria y, por lo tanto, se pueden crear con prácticas de mecanizado comunes. Esto puede dar como resultado un dispositivo que se puede producir más rápida y económicamente.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las figuras 8A-8D, otro dispositivo 400 expansible incluye un par de mecanismos 401 de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial que comprenden postes 423 de engranaje roscados que se extienden entre el primer miembro 410 y el segundo miembro 450 en lugar de los manguitos 120, 130 de engranaje roscados separados y los postes 111, 112 roscados descritos anteriormente. Los postes 423 de engranaje roscados incluyen cada uno una porción 421 de engranaje roscada y una porción 411 de poste. Las porciones 421 de engranaje roscadas encajan dentro de las aberturas 461 en el segundo miembro 450 y se interconectan con el tornillo 440 sin fin y roscas 451 internas para hacer que el dispositivo 400 se expanda o eleve. Las porciones de postes 411 encajan dentro de las aberturas 416 en el primer miembro 410 y pueden unirse a las arandelas 418. Las arandelas 418 mantienen el primer miembro 410 en posición con respecto a los postes 423 de engranaje roscados cuando los postes 423 de engranaje roscados giran libremente independientemente del primer miembro 410 cuando el dispositivo 400 es accionado. Por lo tanto, como se ve en las figuras 8C y 8D, la expansión entre el primer miembro 410 y el segundo miembro 450 es causada por las porciones 421 de engranaje roscadas más gruesas mientras que las porciones 411 de poste permanecen dentro de las aberturas 416 en el primer miembro 410. Esto conduce a un dispositivo 400 que tiene una mayor resistencia axial.
Las figuras 9A-9D representan un ejemplo adicional de un dispositivo 500 expansible que utiliza mecanismos 501 de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial que permite el ajuste diferencial de los manguitos 520 de engranaje roscados. Los postes 511 roscados pueden incluir cada uno una porción 515 arqueada que corresponde a un rebaje 517 arqueado en el primer miembro 510. La interconexión arqueada entre los postes 511 roscados y el primer miembro 510 creado por las porciones 515 arqueadas correspondientes y los rebajes 517 arqueados permite que el primer miembro 510 gire y se vuelva en relación al ángulo con el segundo miembro 550. Una junta de pasador que utiliza un pasador 572 de pivote puede usarse para mantener una interconexión fijo un entre el primer miembro 510 y un poste 511 roscado, mientras que la otra interconexión puede deslizarse debido a las superficies arqueadas. Se usa un pasador 570 de colocación para evitar que el tornillo 540 sin fin se deslice fuera del segundo miembro 550 cuando se expande el dispositivo. El tornillo 540 sin fin puede ser un tornillo sin fin de dos partes que incluye una
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primera porción 546 que tiene una primera sección 543 roscada y una segunda porción 548 que tiene una segunda sección 544 roscada que encaja sobre un poste 547 de la primera porción 546. Las dos porciones 546, 548 pueden por lo tanto ser giradas independientemente una de otra, con cada una accionando un manguito 520 de engranaje separado. Debido a que cada manguito 520 de engranaje se puede acoplar por separado, se pueden expandir en diferentes cantidades, dando como resultado un primer miembro 510 en ángulo como se muestra más claramente en la figura 9D. Opcionalmente, los rebajes 517 arqueados en el primer miembro 550 y las superficies 515 arqueadas de los postes 511 podrían reemplazarse por juntas flexibles o esféricas o junta de cilindro y de rotula.
Un dispositivo 600 expansible según otro ejemplo de la presente invención se representa en las figuras 10A-10D. El dispositivo 600 utiliza tres mecanismos 601 de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial, teniendo cada uno un manguito 620 de engranaje roscado y un poste 621 roscado, entre el primer miembro 610 y el segundo miembro 650. Como se ve en las figuras 10C y 10D, para expandir o elevar el dispositivo, la trasmisión 640 por tornillo sin fin se gira y se acopla con uno de los manguitos 620 de engranaje roscados, haciendo que gire. Cuando el primer manguito 620 de engranaje roscado gira, se acopla con los otros dos manguitos 620 de engranaje roscados, haciendo que giren y el dispositivo 600 se expanda. La rotación de los manguitos 620 de engranaje roscados también hace que los postes 621 roscados se expandan, como se describió previamente. El uso de tres mecanismos de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial proporciona un dispositivo que tiene una mayor resistencia en la dirección axial y un área de superficie más amplia para soportar cargas. Opcionalmente, cada uno de los tres mecanismos de expansión podría accionarse independientemente para ajustar la superficie del dispositivo en grados de libertad adicionales.
Las figuras 11A y 11B representan un dispositivo 700 que emplea solo un único mecanismo 701 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial que tiene un manguito 720 de engranaje roscado y un poste 721 roscado para expandir el primer miembro 710 con relación al segundo miembro 750 con el tornillo 740 sin fin. El dispositivo 700 también puede incluir primeros 774 y segundos 776 elementos de soporte telescópicos. Los elementos 774, 776 de soporte telescópicos sirven para mantener el posicionamiento rotacional relativo del primer miembro 710 con respecto al segundo miembro 750, permitiendo que el manguito 720 de engranaje roscado gire con respecto tanto al primer miembro 710 como al segundo miembro 750 para expandir el dispositivo 700. Las figuras 12A y 12B representan una variación adicional del dispositivo 700 que utiliza una multitud de puntas 778 que se extienden desde el primer miembro 710 y el segundo miembro 750 para restringir rotacionalmente el primer miembro 710 y el segundo miembro 750. En funcionamiento, las puntas 778 contactan superficies adyacentes y pueden fijarse a esas superficies para evitar que el primer miembro 710 y el segundo miembro 750 giren uno con respecto al otro. Un ejemplo adicional se representa en las figuras 13A y 13B. Este ejemplo incluye un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial que tiene solamente un manguito 720 de engranaje roscado entre el primer miembro 710 y el segundo miembro 750 y permite que el primer miembro 710 gire con el manguito 720 a medida que el dispositivo 700 se expande por rotación del tornillo 740 sin fin. Opcionalmente, el primer miembro 710 podría estar libre de rotación con respecto al manguito 720 de engranaje roscado de modo que el primer miembro 710 pueda acoplarse y no girar contra una superficie adyacente.
Las figuras 14A y 14B representan un dispositivo 800 expansible que incluye un manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente con cojinetes recirculantes de acuerdo con otro modo de realización de la presente invención. El dispositivo 800 incluye un poste 810, un manguito 820 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente, un tornillo 830 sin fin y una carcasa 840. El poste 810 incluye una superficie 812 exterior lisa y un anillo 811 de rodadura helicoidal mecanizado para los cojinetes 813. Un anillo de rodadura helicoidal (no mostrado) está también mecanizado en la superficie interior del manguito 820 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente que es complementario al anillo 811 de rodadura helicoidal para acomodar los cojinetes 813. La superficie interior del manguito 820 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial también incluye un túnel mecanizado para los cojinetes 813 recirculantes a medida que el poste 810 se mueve con respecto al manguito 820. Los cojinetes recirculantes se representan como cojinetes 814 en la figura 14B. La superficie exterior del manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente también incluye un anillo 821 de rodadura helicoidal para cojinetes 814 recirculantes y un engranaje 822 de tornillo envolvente. El tornillo 830 sin fin tiene una rosca helicoidal configurada para acoplarse al engranaje 822 de tornillo envolvente del manguito 820. La superficie interior del alojamiento 840 tiene un anillo de rodadura helicoidal (no mostrado) que coopera con el anillo 821 de rodadura helicoidal para retener los cojinetes 814 y un túnel para cojinetes 814 recirculantes a medida que el manguito 820 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial se mueve con respecto a la carcasa 840.
Para expandir el dispositivo 800, el tornillo 830 sin fin gira en el sentido de las agujas del reloj para acoplarse al engranaje 822 de tornillo envolvente para girar y trasladar el manguito 820 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente fuera de la carcasa 840. Esto provoca simultáneamente la traslación del poste 810 (pero sin girar) fuera del manguito 820 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial y alejándolo de la carcasa 840. Los cojinetes 813, 814 permiten la rotación del manguito 820 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente con muy poca fricción, permitiendo que el dispositivo 800 presente una ventaja mecánica muy alta y un control de desplazamiento con muy alta resolución. El uso del engranaje 822 de tornillo envolvente permite que la interconexión entre el tornillo 830 sin fin y el manguito 820 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente lleve una carga sustancialmente mayor.
Con referencia ahora a las figuras 15A-15D, se puede ver otro dispositivo 900 expansible que utiliza un manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial. El dispositivo 900 incluye un engranaje 910 de tornillo coaxial envolvente, una carcasa
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920 y un tomillo 930 sin fin. La superficie exterior del manguito 910 de engranaje de tomillo coaxial envolvente incluye una ranura helicoidal que tiene una serie de dientes 914 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolventes. La ranura helicoidal puede cooperar con una rosca 921 interna en la superficie 922 interior de la carcasa 920 para permitir que el dispositivo 900 transporte una carga axial. En otro ejemplo, los dientes 914 de engranaje pueden mecanizarse directamente en la superficie exterior del manguito 910 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente. En un ejemplo, la superficie exterior del manguito 910 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente puede ser una superficie mecanizada lisa que actúa como una superficie de apoyo cuando está configurada con una superficie de apoyo lisa similar en la superficie 922 interior de la carcasa 920 para permitir que el dispositivo 900 transporte una carga lateral. Opcionalmente, el manguito 920 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial podría tener cojinetes recirculantes tanto en el interior como en el exterior del manguito y el túnel de recirculación podría estar entre el interior y el exterior del manguito, facilitando ambos el montaje y la fabricación.
Para expandir el dispositivo 900, el tornillo 930 sin fin gira para acoplarse con los dientes 914 del engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente para girar y trasladar el manguito 910 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente con respecto a la carcasa 920. En un ejemplo, la superficie 910 interna y el orificio 912 central pueden configurarse para contener un poste similar al poste 910 descrito en las figuras 14A y 14B para aumentar la expansión o elevación del dispositivo. En un ejemplo, no hay rosca 921 presente en la superficie 922 interior de la carcasa 920, por lo que la ranura helicoidal y/o los dientes 914 del engranaje del manguito 910 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente hacen que el manguito 910 se traslade con respecto a la carcasa 930 mientras el manguito 910 gira. En una configuración de este tipo, el tornillo 930 sin fin llevaría cualquier carga axial, sin ayuda de una interconexión inclinada entre el manguito 910 de engranaje de tornillo coaxial envolvente y la carcasa 920.
Los mecanismos de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial tal como se describen en el presente documento pueden estar hechos de cualquier material, incluidos metales, plásticos y cerámicas. En un ejemplo, los mecanismos de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial como se describen en el presente documento pueden estar hechos de titanio. En otros ejemplos, se pueden hacer mecanismos a partir de cobalto cromo, MP35N, PEEK, acero inoxidable o fibra de carbono.
Los mecanismos de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial se pueden fabricar de diversas maneras. En un ejemplo, se puede implementar un fresado de roscas para fabricar las diversas roscas en el dispositivo. El electroerosionado por hilo se puede utilizar para fabricar algunos o todos los agujeros y aberturas en el dispositivo. Las plantillas de montaje y los pasos posteriores al procesamiento también se pueden utilizar para permitir que el dispositivo se fabrique con los estándares más exigentes.
Se han descrito en el presente documento diversos modos de realización de sistemas, dispositivos y métodos. Estos modos de realización se dan solo a modo de ejemplo y no pretenden limitar el alcance de la presente invención. Hay que señalar, además, que las diversas características de los modos de realización que se han descrito se pueden combinar de diversas maneras para producir numerosos modos de realización adicionales. Además, aunque se han descrito diversos materiales, dimensiones, formas, lugares de implantación, etc. para su uso con los modos de realización divulgados, pueden utilizarse otros además de los divulgados, sin exceder el alcance de la invención tal como se define en las reivindicaciones adjuntas.
Claims (8)
- 51015202530354045505560REIVINDICACIONES1. Un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tomillo coaxial que comprende:un primer miembro (110) y un segundo miembro (150) teniendo cada uno una superficie interior configurada para mirar hacia la superficie interior de la otra;un primer poste y (111, 112, 511, 621, 721, 810) un segundo poste teniendo cada uno una superficie (113, 114, 113A, 114A, 113B, 114B, 811) exterior roscada en una porción del poste; yun manguito correspondiente (120, 130, 520, 620, 720, 820) para cada poste configurado para envolver el poste respectivo y que tiene:una superficie (122, 132) interior roscada en una porción del manguito configurada para interconectarse directamente con la superficie (113, 114, 113A, 114A, 113B, 114B, 811) exterior roscada del poste; y una superficie (124, 134, 134A, 822) exterior engranada helicoidalmente en una porción del manguito; yun mecanismo de accionamiento que tiene una superficie configurada para interconectarse simultáneamente con y accionar la superficie exterior engranada de cada uno de los manguitos,dispuesta de manera que el funcionamiento selectivo del mecanismo de accionamiento provoca una expansión telescópica del primer miembro (110) con respecto al segundo miembro (150) por una expansión axial telescópica simultánea del primer manguito y el segundo manguito que se trasladan con relación al mecanismo de accionamiento y el primer poste y el segundo poste que se trasladan con relación al primer manguito y al segundo manguito,y en donde el segundo miembro define un par de aberturas (161, 162) de manguito roscadas en la superficie interior, cada una dimensionadas para acomodar de forma rotatoria uno de los manguitos en las mismas, yel segundo miembro define además una abertura (154) de mecanismo de accionamiento dimensionada para contener de forma rotatoria el mecanismo de accionamiento en la misma, y en donde el mecanismo interconecta con los manguitos a través de las respectivas aberturas (157, 158) en el segundo miembro entre la apertura del mecanismo de accionamiento y las aberturas del manguito.
- 2. El mecanismo de la reivindicación 1, en donde la superficie (124,134,134A, 822) exterior de engranaje del manguito (120,130,520,620,720,820) tiene una orientación de paso de rosca generalmente opuesta a una orientación de paso de rosca de la superficie (113,114,113A, 114A, 113B, 114B, 811) exterior roscada del poste (111, 112, 511, 621, 721, 810) y la superficie (122, 132) interior roscada del manguito.
- 3. El mecanismo de la reivindicación 1, en donde la superficie (122) interior roscada y la superficie (124) exterior de engranaje del manguito (120) de uno de los mecanismos de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial tienen una orientación de paso de rosca generalmente opuesta a una orientación de paso de rosca de la superficie (132) interior roscada y la superficie (134, 134A) exterior de engranaje del otro mecanismo de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial.
- 4. Mecanismo según la reivindicación 1, en donde el mecanismo de accionamiento es un accionamiento (140, 540, 640, 740, 830) por tornillo sin fin que tiene un par de secciones (141, 142, 533, 544) roscadas, cada sección roscada configurada para interconectarse con uno de los mecanismos de manguito de engranaje de tornillo coaxial.
- 5. El mecanismo de la reivindicación 1, en donde la interconexión entre el manguito (820) y el poste (810) incluye una pluralidad de cojinetes (813, 814) de bolas.
- 6. El mecanismo de la reivindicación 5, en donde la superficie (820) interna del manguito incluye un túnel (821) de recirculación para recircular los cojinetes (813, 814) de bolas a medida que se expande el mecanismo.
- 7. El mecanismo de la reivindicación 1, en donde la superficie (124, 134, 134A, 822) exterior de engranaje en la porción del manguito (120, 130, 520, 620, 720, 820) está definida en una rosca (121, 131) que se extiende en un patrón helicoidal a lo largo de la altura del manguito.
- 8. Un método de funcionamiento de un dispositivo de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8.
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| ES10802904.2T Active ES2651069T3 (es) | 2009-07-22 | 2010-07-22 | Aparatos para la distracción y la fusión del cuerpo vertebral que emplean un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje helicoidal coaxial |
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| ES10802904.2T Active ES2651069T3 (es) | 2009-07-22 | 2010-07-22 | Aparatos para la distracción y la fusión del cuerpo vertebral que emplean un mecanismo de manguito de engranaje helicoidal coaxial |
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| US (10) | US9358125B2 (es) |
| EP (2) | EP2457001B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP5656997B2 (es) |
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| CA (1) | CA2768867C (es) |
| DK (1) | DK2456396T3 (es) |
| ES (2) | ES2653567T3 (es) |
| IN (1) | IN2012DN00952A (es) |
| WO (2) | WO2011011626A2 (es) |
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2010
- 2010-07-22 IN IN952DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN00952A/en unknown
- 2010-07-22 EP EP10802916.6A patent/EP2457001B1/en active Active
- 2010-07-22 CN CN201080043015.6A patent/CN102625682B/zh active Active
- 2010-07-22 US US12/841,869 patent/US9358125B2/en active Active
- 2010-07-22 ES ES10802916.6T patent/ES2653567T3/es active Active
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- 2010-07-22 WO PCT/US2010/042941 patent/WO2011011626A2/en not_active Ceased
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