JP2012107048A - 時限拍動性薬物送達システム - Google Patents
時限拍動性薬物送達システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012107048A JP2012107048A JP2012036624A JP2012036624A JP2012107048A JP 2012107048 A JP2012107048 A JP 2012107048A JP 2012036624 A JP2012036624 A JP 2012036624A JP 2012036624 A JP2012036624 A JP 2012036624A JP 2012107048 A JP2012107048 A JP 2012107048A
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】時限拍動性放出性質、即ち、経口投与で即時放出パルスの有無のある、経口投与後数時間発生する良好な時間制御された一連のパルスを有する製薬上優れた多粒子状(multi-particulate)剤形を製造する方法を提供する。
【選択図】なし
Description
拍動性送達システムは、制御された遅延時間後予定した時点で又は特定の部位で、1以上の即時放出パルスを提供することができる。しかしながら、大きさの潜在的限界又は剤形に使用する材料のために、幾つかのこのような経口的に適用可能な拍動性放出システムがあるだけである。Ishinoらは、Chemical Pharm. Bull. Vol. 40(11), p3036-3041(1992)で乾燥コートタブレット形態を開示する。P.R.Magruderらの1989年7月25日に公表された米国特許第4,851,229号明細書、K.Fujiokaらの1991年4月30日に公表された第5,011,692号明細書、Maruyama及びR.Crteseの1991年5月21日に公表された第5,017,381号明細書、F.Philipponらの1993年7月20日に公表された第5,229,135号明細書、及びJ.P.-F.Baoの1998年11月24日に公表された第5,840,329号明細書は、拍動性放出システムの調製を開示する。Y.Uedaらの1989年10月3日に公表された米国特許第4,871,549号明細書、C.M.Chenの1993年11月9日に公表された第5,260,068及び5,260,069号明細書及びC.M.Chenの1996年4月16日に公表された第5,508,040号明細書に、幾つかの他のデバイスが開示されている。C.M.Chenの1993年7月20日に公表された米国特許第5,229,135号明細書及び1996年10月22日に公表された第5,567,441号明細書は、膜を浸透性に変質する疎水性水不溶性剤薬剤又は腸溶性ポリマーを組み込んだ、遅延放出又は水不溶性ポリマー膜でコートしたペレットから成る拍動性放出システムを開示する。A.M.Mehtaらの1998年11月17日に公表された米国特許第5,837,284明細書は、経口投与でメチルフェニデートの即時放出投与量を提供し、その後に1以上の追加の投与量が数時間に渡って分散する剤形を開示する。
粒子含有水溶性/分散性薬物にコートする膜の層の1つは、可塑化腸溶性ポリマーから成り、他の層は、水不溶性ポリマー及び可塑性水分散性/腸溶性ポリマーの混合物からなり、水不溶性ポリマーは及び水分散性ポリマーは、質量比10:1〜1:1、典型的には約4:1〜1:1で存在し、コーティングの全質量は、多粒子剤形の全質量に基づいて約15〜80質量%、より典型的には約20〜60質量%である。
本発明に有用な腸溶性ポリマーの代表的な例として、セルロース及びその誘導体のエステル(セルロースアセテートフタレート、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート、コハク酸ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースアセテート)、ポリビニルアセテートフタレート、pH感受性メタクリル酸−メタメタクリレートコポリマー及びセラックが挙げられる。これらのポリマーは、乾燥パウダー又は分散水溶液として使用することができる。使用可能な幾つかの市販の材料は、ロームファーマ(Rhom Pharma)で製造された商標ユードラジット(Eudragit)(L100、S100、L30D)で販売されるメタクリル酸コポリマー、イーストマンケミカル(Eastman Chemical)社のセルアセファート(Cellacefate)(セルロースアセテートフタレート)、FMC社のアクアテリック(Aquateric)(セルロースアセテートフタレート分散水溶液)及び信越K.K.のアクオート(Aqoat)(コハク酸ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースアセテート分散水溶液)である。
膜を形成するのに使用される腸溶性及び水不溶性ポリマーは、通常、可塑性である。膜を可塑化するのに使用可能な可塑剤の代表的な例には、トリアセチン、クエン酸トリブチル、クエン酸トリエチル、クエン酸アセチルトリ-n-ブチル、ジエチルフタレート、ひまし油、セバシン酸ジブチル、アセチル化モノグリセリド等又はこれらの混合物が挙げられる。可塑剤は、ポリマーに基づいて約3〜30質量%、より典型的には約10〜25質量%を含む。可塑剤のタイプ及びその内容は、ポリマー又は複数のポリマー、コーティングシステムの性質(例えば、水性又は溶媒ベースの、溶液又は分散液ベースの、及び全固体)に依存する。
一般的に、拍動性放出膜コーティングを適用する前に粒子の表面を準備すること又は薄いヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)(オパドリークリア(Opadry Clear))フィルムを適用することによって異なる膜の層を分けることが望ましい。HPMCは典型的に使用され、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC)のような他のプライマーも使用できる。
膜コーティングは、製薬工業で一般的に使用されるコーティング技術を使用してコアに適用され得るが、流動床コーティングが特に有用である。
ノンパレイルシード(シュガー球)のような不活性粒子を薬物及びポリマー結合剤でコートする工程、又は造粒又は/及び押し出し成型/球状化により、粒子を含む薬物を調製して活性薬物粒子を形成する工程、
可塑化腸溶性のコート薬物粒子を形成する可塑化腸溶性コーティングで前記活性薬物粒子をコートする工程、及び
水不溶性ポリマー及び腸溶性ポリマーの混合物で前記可塑化腸溶性コート薬物粒子をコートする工程。
第二及び第三の操作は入れ替えることができ、この特色は、前記薬物粒子からの放出プロフィールの調節に、柔軟性を供給し付加する。本発明の他の付加された柔軟性は、第二と第三のコーティング操作の間の、膜を含む有機酸(例えばフマル又はコハク酸)の任意の適用であり、更に遅延時間及び薬物粒子からの放出プロフィールを調節する。
本発明による粒子含有多重コート薬物を組み込む剤形は、様々な形態をとることができる。1つの態様において、処方は、粒子の単一形を使用でき、経口投与後数時間薬物の時間制御拍動性放出を提供し、又は特定の吸収部位、例えば十二指腸/空腸又は大腸に又は近くを目標にする。別の態様において、処方は、異なる放出性質を有する2つ以上の薬物粒子を含むことができ、即ち、明瞭な異なる遅延時間を有する1つ以上の改善された放出ビーズと、時限拍動性放出薬物送達システムを形成する即時放出ビーズの有無の放出速度との組み合わせである。また、2つ以上の薬物の多重コート粒子は、相互依存的な効力及び患者の薬剤服用遵守を得ることに結びつく。
以下の非制限の例によって、本発明による調剤処方を説明する。
ソタロールHCl(194.7g)をポリビニルピロリドン(9.8gポビドン(Povidone)K-30)の水溶液にゆっくりと添加し、よく混合する。シュガー球(750g、20-25メッシュ)をベルサグラット(Versa Glatt)流動床造粒機で薬物溶液でコートする。粒子を含む薬物を乾燥し、オパドリークリア(Opadry Clear(2%質量/質量))のシールコートをそれらに塗布する。ユードラジッド(Eudragit)L30D(480.8g)、クエン酸アセチルトリ-n-ブチル(14.4g)、微粉化タルク(28.8g)及び精製水(462.8g)の懸濁液に、スプレーすることによって、第一コーティングを活性粒子に適用する。第二又は外側コーティングを2つの分れた分散水溶液を混合することによって調製する。第一分散液を、クエン酸アセチルトリ-n-ブチル(26.7g)及びユードラジットL30D(891.5g)を精製水(995.9g)に添加することによって調製する。第二分散液を、セバシン酸ジブチル(59.5g)をアクアコート(Aquacoat)、即ちFMCの30質量%エチルセルロース分散液に添加することによって調製する。2つの分散液を連続的な攪拌で一緒にブレンド(1:1比)する。次に、化合したコーティング処方を、第一コーティングでコートした活性粒子にゆっくりとスプレーする。多重コート粒子をポリマーが癒着するまで45〜70℃で硬化させる。例1の多重コート粒子の完成組成を表1に示した。
45及び55%質量/質量の外側コーティングを有する、同一の薬物内容及び内側コーティングの2ロットの完成粒子をUSP溶解装置2で37℃、0.1N HClで50rpmのパドルスピードで2時間、次にpH6.8で更に4時間、生体外溶解特性をテストした。得られた結果を表2に示す。溶解の結果は、適用した第二/外側コーティングのレベルに依存する3〜4時間の遅延時間及び90分以内の殆ど完全な薬物放出の発生があることを示す。同様の結果が例1の組成及び手順を使用して塩酸メチルフェニデートで達成された。
この例は、有機溶媒の腸溶性ポリマー及びエチルセルロース溶液の使用に基づく。粒子を含む塩酸ソタロールを例1の手順に従って製造する。これらの粒子を、98部のアセトン及び2部の水から成る、腸溶性ポリマー(ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート)溶液をスプレーすることによって20%質量増加するようにコートする。第2コーティングを、98部のアセトン及び2部の水からなる溶媒に、エチルセルロース10cps及び同量のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースの溶液を使用して塗布する。例2の多重コート粒子の最終組成を表3に示す。完成したコート粒子は、例1に述べたように生体外溶解のテストをし、得られた結果を表4に示す。
例えば、35質量%の溶媒コーティングは、55質量%水性コーティングの遅延時間と同様の遅延時間を有する。
内側及び外側コーティングを交換した以外は、例1の(45%質量/質量の質量増加における等量で)第二コーティングの処方の多重コートビーズを製造する。
表5に示した、得られた溶解データは、本発明が、内側及び外側コーティングを置き換える柔軟性を有することを示す。
薬物層状化ノンパレイルシードを、例1の手順に従ってユードラジットL30D分散液で20%質量増加になるようにコートする。フマル酸/PVP組成を、24%質量/質量の質量増加になるようにこれらのコートビーズに塗布する。塗布した外側膜は、1:1の比で腸溶性ポリマー及びエチルセルロースから成る。例4の多重コート粒子の最終組成を、表6に示す。完成したコート粒子を、例1に述べた生体外溶解のテストをし、得られた結果を表7に示す。表2及び7から、4時間のより長い遅延時間が、45%質量/質量の外側レベルで達成されることが明白である。
更に、薬物は、パルスのように放出されないが、6〜7時間に渡って分散される。
1. 薬物含有コア粒子を含む医薬剤形であって、前記粒子が、腸溶性ポリマーの第一膜と、水不溶性ポリマー及び腸溶性ポリマーの組み合わせの第二膜とでコートされ、前記水不溶性及び前記腸溶性ポリマーが、約10:1〜1:1の質量比で前記第二膜に存在し、かつ第一及び第二コーティングの全質量が、コートされた粒子の全質量に基づいて約15〜80質量%であり、前記第一及び第二膜が、いずれかの順でコア粒子の上にコートされ得ることを特徴とする、医薬剤形。
2. 更に、前記第一及び第二膜の間に、有機酸含有中間膜を含む、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
3. 選択される前記薬物が、酸性、塩基性、中性又は両性イオン又は製薬上許容される塩の形態である、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
4. 前記薬物の水溶解度が、約0.1〜1000mg/mlである、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
5. 前記薬物物質が、鎮痛薬、抗痙攣薬、麻酔薬、抗糖尿病性薬、抗感染薬、抗悪性腫瘍薬、抗パーキンソン薬、抗リウマチ薬、心血管性薬、中枢神経系(CNS)興奮剤、ドーパミン受容体作動薬、胃腸薬、精神治療薬及び尿路薬から成る群から選択される、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
6. 前記薬物物質が、硫酸アルブテロール、アモキシシリン、塩酸ビュープロピオン、カルビドパ、セファクロル、ジクロフェナクナトリウム、エリスロマイシン、フェロジピン、ロラチジン、炭酸リチウム、メチルフェニデート、酒石酸メタプロロール、ニフェジピン、オメプラゾール、塩酸ソタロール、塩酸ベラパミル及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
7. 前記コア粒子が、薬物及びポリマー結合剤でコートされたノンパレイルシュガーシードであるか、又は前記コア粒子が、造粒及び製粉によって又は押し出し成型/粒状化によって調製されて活性薬物粒子を形成する、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
8. 前記腸溶性ポリマーが、セルロースのエステル、ポリビニルアセテートフタレート、pH感受性メタクリルメチルメタクリレートコポリマー及びセラックから成る群から選択される、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
9. 前記第二コーティングの前記不溶性ポリマーが、エチルセルロース、ポリビニルアセテート、エチルアクリレート及びメチルメタクリレートに基づく中性コポリマー及び第四アンモニウム基を有するアクリル及びメタクリル酸エステルのコポリマーから成る群から選択される、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
10. 前記膜の少なくとも1つが、更に可塑剤を含む、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
11. 前記可塑剤が、トリアセチン、クエン酸トリブチル、クエン酸トリエチル、クエン酸アセチルトリ-n-ブチル、ジエチルフタレート、ひまし油、セバシン酸ジブチル、アセチル化モノグリセリド又はこれらの混合物から成る群から選択される、前記10記載の医薬剤形。
12. 前記膜コーティングが、製薬上許容される溶媒の溶液から、又は腸溶性ポリマー、水不溶性ポリマー又はこれらの混合物の分散水溶液から塗工される、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
13. 前記水不溶性及び腸溶性ポリマーの混合物の第二コーティングが、経口投与で3〜6時間の間、前記薬物の実質的な放出を防ぐのに十分な厚さに塗工される、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
14. 前記第一及び第二膜の間に適用される中間膜の有機酸が、フマル酸、コハク酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸及びマレイン酸から成る群から選択される、前記2記載の医薬剤形。
15. 前記医薬剤形が、硬ゼラチンカプセルの形態である、前記1記載の医薬剤形。
16. 前記カプセルが、経口投与で3〜6時間の前記薬物の時間制御拍動性放出を提供する前記粒子の単一形から成る、前記15記載の医薬剤形。
17. 前記カプセルが、特定の吸収部位で又は近くで、前記薬物の時間制御拍動性放出を提供する前記粒子の単一形から成る、前記15記載の医薬剤形。
18. 前記カプセルが、異なる放出性質を有する2つ以上の多重コート薬物粒子から成る、前記15記載の医薬剤形。
19. 前記カプセルが、2つ以上の薬物の多重コート粒子を含む、前記15記載の医薬剤形。
20. 薬物送達システムを製造する方法であって、
a)薬物及びポリマー結合剤含有コア粒子を調製する工程、
b)前記コア粒子含有薬物を、可塑化腸溶性ポリマー膜でコートする工程、
c)前記可塑化腸溶性コート薬物粒子を、水不溶性ポリマー及び腸溶性ポリマーの混合物でコートする工程であって、前記水不溶性ポリマー及び前記腸溶性ポリマーは、約10:1〜1:1の質量比で存在する工程、
を含み、前記コーティングの全質量が、前記コートされた粒子の全質量に基づいて15〜80質量%であることを特徴とする、方法。
21. 薬物送達システムを製造する方法であって、
a)フィルム形成性組成物含有薬物を含むコア粒子を調製する工程、
b)前記コア粒子含有前記薬物を可塑化腸溶性ポリマー膜でコートする工程、 c)前記可塑性腸溶性コート薬物粒子を、有機酸含有中間膜でコートする工程、
d)前記中間膜を、水不溶性ポリマー及び腸溶性ポリマーの混合物を含む膜でコートする工程であって、前記水不溶性ポリマー及び前記腸溶性ポリマーが、約10:1〜1:1の質量比で存在する工程、
を含み、前記コーティングの全質量が、前記コートされた粒子の全質量に基づいて約15〜80質量%であることを特徴とする、方法。
Claims (1)
- 薬物含有コア粒子を含む医薬剤形であって、前記粒子が、腸溶性ポリマーの第一膜と、水不溶性ポリマー及び腸溶性ポリマーの組み合わせの第二膜とでコートされ、前記水不溶性及び前記腸溶性ポリマーが、約10:1〜1:1の質量比で前記第二膜に存在し、かつ第一及び第二コーティングの全質量が、コートされた粒子の全質量に基づいて約15〜80質量%であり、前記第一及び第二膜が、いずれかの順でコア粒子の上にコートされ得ることを特徴とする、医薬剤形。
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