JP2022000856A - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
ニッケルと、マンガンと、コバルトとを含む層状構造であり、一次粒子が凝集された二次粒子であって、
前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である中心層と、
前記中心層の外殻に形成され、前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトのうち少なくとも1つの濃度が勾配を示す濃度勾配層と、
前記濃度勾配層の外殻に形成され、前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である表面層と、を含み、
前記濃度勾配層の厚さが10nm乃至500nmであることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を提供する。
前記二次粒子は、
下記化学式1で表示され、遷移金属の濃度が一定であるコア層と、
前記コア層の外殻に形成され、1つ以上の遷移金属の濃度が連続的に変わって濃度勾配を示す濃度勾配層と、
下記化学式2で表示され、前記濃度勾配層の外殻に形成され、遷移金属の濃度が一定である表面層と、を含むことを特徴とする。
LixNi1−a−b−cCoaMnbMecO2−yXy
(前記化学式1において、0.9≦x≦1.15、0≦a≦0.10、0≦b≦0.10、0≦c≦0.10、0≦y≦0.1、Meは、Al、Mg、B、P、Ti、Si、Zr、Ba及びこれらの組合からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素であり、Xは、F、BO3、PO4等の陰イオンから選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素又は乃至分子である。)
<化学式2>
LixNi1−a−b−cCoaMnbMecO2−yXy
(前記化学式2において、0.9≦x≦1.15、0≦a≦0.35、0≦b≦0.70、0≦c≦0.20、0≦y≦0.1、Meは、Al、Mg、B、P、Ti、Si、Zr、Ba及びこれらの組合からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素であり、XはF、BO3、PO4等の陰イオンから選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素又は分子である。)
本発明によるリチウム二次電池用正極活物質において、前記濃度勾配層の一次粒子は、リチウムイオン拡散経路が二次粒子の中心方向に向かうことを特徴とする。
第1段階として、内容積100L容量の共沈反応器(co-precipitationreactor、回転モーターの出力80W以上)に蒸留水20Lと、キレート剤としてアンモニア1000gとを加えた後、反応器内の温度を40℃〜50℃に維持しながら、300rpm〜1000rpmで反応器内部のインペラを攪拌した。
中心層の組成をLi(Ni0.97Co0.03)O2、表面層の組成をLi(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2、濃度勾配層がLi(Ni0.97Co0.03)O2からLi(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2まで連続的、且つ一定な濃度勾配を有することを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法によって正極を製造した。
中心層の組成をLi(Ni0.97Co0.03)O2、表面層の組成をLi(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.2)O2、濃度勾配層がLi(Ni0.97Co0.03)O2からLi(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.2)O2まで連続的、且つ一定な濃度勾配を有することを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法によって正極を製造した。
中心層の組成をLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2、表面層の組成をLi(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2、濃度勾配層がLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2からLi(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2まで連続的な、且つ一定な濃度勾配を有することを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法によって正極を製造した。
中心層の組成をLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2、表面層の組成をLi(Ni0.35Co0.15Mn0.50)O2、濃度勾配層がLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2からLi(Ni0.35Co0.15Mn0.50)O2まで連続的、且つ一定な濃度勾配を有することを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法によって正極を製造した。
中心層の組成をLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2、表面層の組成をLi(Ni0.30Co0.10Mn0.50)O2、濃度勾配層がLi(Ni0.90Co0.10)O2からLi(Ni0.30Co0.10Mn0.50)O2まで連続的、且つ一定な濃度勾配を有することを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法によって正極を製造した。
連続式反応器(100L、CSTR反応器)に蒸留水60Lとキレート剤としてアンモニアを1000gとを加えた後、反応器内の温度を40℃〜50℃に維持しながら、インペラを300rpm乃至1000rpmで攪拌した。また、反応器に窒素ガスを3L/min流量に連続的に供給した。次に硫酸ニッケルと、硫酸コバルトと、硫酸マンガンモルとの比が8:1:1で混合された1M濃度の前駆体水溶液を3.25L/hrで、28%濃度のアンモニア水溶液を0.15L/hrで、反応器に連続して投入した。また、pH調整のために25%濃度の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を0.8L/minの速度に供給してpHが11〜12になるように反応槽内に連続的に供給した。反応溶液温度は50±2℃に維持した。
実施例1乃至6及び比較例1にて製造された正極活物質粒子及び破断面のSEM写真を測定し、その結果を図3及び図4に示した。
前記実施例2及び3の粒子内の一次粒子の模様及び構造と遷移金属の濃度をTEM及びEDXを利用して測定し、その結果を図5乃至図6に示した。
前記実施例1乃至6及び比較例1にて製造されたリチウム金属複合酸化物の組成及び粒度分布を粒度分析器により測定して下記の表1に示した。
前記実施例1乃至6及び比較例1の製造された正極活物質と、導電剤としてsuper−P(登録商標)と、結合剤としてポリビニリデンフロランド(PVdF)とを92:5:3の重量比で混合してスラリーを製造した。前記スラリーを15μm厚さのアルミニウム薄に均一に塗布し、135℃で真空乾燥してリチウム二次電池用正極を製造した。
前記実施例1乃至6及び比較例1で製造された活物質により製造された電池の初期容量、初期効率、率特性、及び寿命特性を測定し、その結果を下の表2に示した。
以下に、本発明の実施形態を記載する。
条項1.
ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトを含む層状構造であり、一次粒子が凝集された二次粒子であり、
前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である中心層と、
前記中心層の外殻に形成され、前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの中で少なくとも1つの濃度が勾配を示す濃度勾配層と、
前記濃度勾配層の外殻に形成され、前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である表面層と、を含み、
前記濃度勾配層の厚さが10nm乃至500nmであり、
前記一次粒子の内部に形成されたリチウムイオン拡散経路(lithiumion diffusion path)が前記二次粒子の中心方向に形成され、
前記一次粒子のアスペクト比が1以上であり、前記一次粒子の内部に形成されたリチウムイオン拡散経路が粒子の長軸方向に形成されることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
条項2.
前記表面層の厚さが10nm乃至200nmであることを特徴とする、条項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
条項3.
前記アスペクト比が1以上であり、前記一次粒子の内部に形成されたリチウムイオン拡散経路が粒子の長軸方向に形成される一次粒子が占める面積が前記二次粒子の表面の全体面積の20%以上であることを特徴とする、条項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
条項4.
前記一次粒子の内部に形成されたリチウムイオン拡散経路が、前記二次粒子の中心方向で±45°以内に傾斜していることを特徴とする、条項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
条項5.
前記リチウムイオン拡散経路が前記二次粒子の中心方向に向かう前記一次粒子が占める面積が、前記二次粒子の表面の全体面積の40%以上であることを特徴とする、条項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
条項6.
前記一次粒子が前記二次粒子全体の中心方向への方向性を有して形成され、前記一次粒子の内部に形成されたリチウムイオン拡散経路が前記二次粒子全体の中心方向に形成され、前記二次粒子の表面から中心までリチウムイオン拡散経路が一次元又は二次元のトンネル構造を有することを特徴とする、条項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
条項7.
<化学式1>
LixNi1−a−b−cCoaMnbMecO2−yXy
(前記化学式1で0.9≦x≦1.15、0≦a≦0.35、0≦b≦0.70、0≦c≦0.20、0≦y≦0.1、MeはAl、Mg、B、P、Ti、Si、Zr、Ba及びこれらの組合からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素であり、XはF、BO3、PO4の陰イオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素又は分子である。)
<化学式2>
LixNi1−a−b−cCoaMnbMecO2−yXy
(前記化学式2で0.9≦x≦1.15、0≦a≦0.10、0≦b≦0.1、0≦c≦0.1、0≦y≦0.1、MeはAl、Mg、B、P、Ti、Si、Zr、Ba及びこれらの組合からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素であり、XはF、BO3、PO4の陰イオンからなされたグループから選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素又は分子である。)
前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である中心層は上記化学式1で表示され、
前記表面層は、上記化学式2で表示されることを特徴とする、条項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
条項8.
前記濃度勾配層の前記一次粒子の内部に形成されたリチウムイオン拡散経路が、前記二次粒子の中心方向に向かうことを特徴とする、条項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
条項9.
前記一次粒子は、針状、板状、直方体、傾いた直方体又は円柱状であることを特徴とする、条項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
条項10.
条項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池。
Claims (1)
- ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトを含む層状構造であり、一次粒子が凝集された二次粒子であり、
前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である中心層と、
前記中心層の外殻に形成され、前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの中で少なくとも1つの濃度が勾配を示す濃度勾配層と、
前記濃度勾配層の外殻に形成され、前記ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトの濃度が一定である表面層と、を含み、
前記濃度勾配層の厚さが10nm乃至500nmであることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
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| KR101185366B1 (ko) * | 2010-01-14 | 2012-09-24 | 주식회사 에코프로 | 회분식 반응기(batch reactor)를 사용하여 농도구배층을 가지는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극활물질 전구체 및 양극활물질을 제조하는 방법 |
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| JP5798524B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-10-21 | シャープ株式会社 | ダンパー開閉機構およびそれを備えた加熱調理器 |
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| CN103943822B (zh) * | 2014-05-13 | 2017-03-29 | 南通瑞翔新材料有限公司 | 一种锂离子二次电池用镍基正极活性材料及其制备方法 |
| KR101555594B1 (ko) * | 2014-10-02 | 2015-10-06 | 주식회사 에코프로 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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- 2015-01-21 EP EP15775064.7A patent/EP3024070B1/en active Active
- 2015-01-21 PL PL15775064T patent/PL3024070T3/pl unknown
- 2015-01-21 US US14/785,194 patent/US10522823B2/en active Active
- 2015-01-21 JP JP2017538151A patent/JP2017536686A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-01-21 CN CN201580000637.3A patent/CN105993090B/zh active Active
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| JP2012018925A (ja) * | 2010-07-06 | 2012-01-26 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法、並びにそれを備えるリチウム二次電池 |
| US20150053890A1 (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2015-02-26 | Iucf-Hyu (Industry-University Cooperation Founda Tion Hanyang University) | Method of preparing cathode active material precursor for lithium rechargeable battery, cathode active material precursor for lithium rechargeable battery prepared thereby, and cathode active material formed using the cathode active material precursor |
| US20140158932A1 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2014-06-12 | Iucf-Hyu (Industry-University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University) | Positive electrode active material precursor for lithium secondary battery, positive electrode active material manufactured by using thereof, and lithium secondary battery including same |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3024070A1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
| KR101555594B1 (ko) | 2015-10-06 |
| JP7461914B2 (ja) | 2024-04-04 |
| JP2017536686A (ja) | 2017-12-07 |
| CN105993090A (zh) | 2016-10-05 |
| HUE052913T2 (hu) | 2021-05-28 |
| PL3024070T3 (pl) | 2021-05-04 |
| US10522823B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
| CN105993090B (zh) | 2021-04-30 |
| JP2023155469A (ja) | 2023-10-20 |
| EP3024070B1 (en) | 2020-11-04 |
| JP7412258B2 (ja) | 2024-01-12 |
| JP2020109772A (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
| US20160359165A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
| EP3024070A4 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
| WO2016052820A1 (ko) | 2016-04-07 |
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