JP4334623B2 - 自動変速機用潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents

自動変速機用潤滑油組成物 Download PDF

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JP4334623B2
JP4334623B2 JP15068496A JP15068496A JP4334623B2 JP 4334623 B2 JP4334623 B2 JP 4334623B2 JP 15068496 A JP15068496 A JP 15068496A JP 15068496 A JP15068496 A JP 15068496A JP 4334623 B2 JP4334623 B2 JP 4334623B2
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Prior art keywords
phosphate
acid
automatic transmission
lubricating oil
phosphite
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JP15068496A
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JPH09328697A (ja
Inventor
俊彦 市橋
英夫 五十嵐
順一 弟子丸
利樹 池田
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Priority to JP15068496A priority Critical patent/JP4334623B2/ja
Priority to TW086106913A priority patent/TW386108B/zh
Priority to EP97108977A priority patent/EP0812900B1/en
Priority to DE69719114T priority patent/DE69719114T2/de
Priority to US08/870,300 priority patent/US5972854A/en
Priority to KR1019970023749A priority patent/KR100519143B1/ko
Publication of JPH09328697A publication Critical patent/JPH09328697A/ja
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Publication of JP4334623B2 publication Critical patent/JP4334623B2/ja
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は自動変速機用潤滑油組成物に関し、詳しくは、自動変速機のクラッチ部の摩擦材のシャダー防止性能に優れ、かつシャダー防止性能を長期に渡って維持することができる自動変速機用潤滑油組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動変速機(AT)のクラッチ部で発生するシャダー(Shudder;車体異常振動)を防止する性能が、特に連続スリップ機構を備えた自動変速機に要求されている。従来から有る自動変速機油(ATF)では、シャダーが発生し車体が著しく振動する。そのシャダーを防止するために、種々な試みがなされている。例えば、特開平7−305082号公報には、基油に▲1▼ジチオリン酸亜鉛及び/又は塩基性ジチオリン酸亜鉛、▲2▼リン酸エステル,酸性リン酸エステル及び亜リン酸エステル等の群から選択される少なくとも一種の化合物、及び▲3▼分子中に特定の結合及び/又は官能基を導入した構造の有機系摩擦調整剤を配合した自動変速機用潤滑油組成物が開示されているが、初期のシャダー防止については良好であるが、長期に使用した場合、ジチオリン酸亜鉛が湿式クラッチ表面に付着し、シャダー防止寿命が著しく低下し、初期の性能が維持できなくなるという欠点がある。また、特開昭63−254196号公報には、ATFの添加剤としてリン酸エステル,脂肪酸エステル,脂肪酸アミド等の摩擦調整剤を用いることが開示されているが、初期シャダーの防止性能が不十分である。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記観点からなされたもので、自動変速機のクラッチ部の摩擦材のシャダー防止性能に優れ、かつシャダー防止性能を長期に渡って維持することができる自動変速機用潤滑油組成物を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は鋭意研究を重ねた結果、基油に、特定の酸化防止剤、リン酸エステル類又はそのアミン塩、及びカルボン酸とアミンの反応物を配合することにより本発明の目的を効果的に達成しうることを見出し本発明を完成したものである。
【0005】
すなわち、本発明は、基油に(A)硫黄含有酸化防止剤であるジアルキルチオジプロピオネート、(B)リン酸エステル類又はそのアミン塩、及び(C)カルボン酸とアミンの反応生成物を配合してなる自動変速機用潤滑油組成物を提供するものである。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
先ず、本発明の自動変速機用潤滑油組成物においては、基油として鉱油及び/又は合成油が用いられる。この鉱油や合成油については、一般に変速機油の基油として用いられているものであればよく、特に制限はないが、100℃における動粘度が1〜20mm2 /s、特に2〜10mm2 /sの範囲にあるものが好適である。基油の動粘度が高すぎると、低温粘度が悪化し、逆に、低すぎると、自動変速機のギヤ軸受、クラッチ等の摺動部において摩耗が増加し好ましくない。また、この基油の低温流動性の指標である流動点については特に制限はないが、−10℃以下であるのが望ましい。
【0007】
このような鉱油,合成油は各種のものがあり、用途などに応じて適宜選定すればよい。鉱油としては、例えばパラフィン系鉱油,ナフテン系鉱油,中間基系鉱油などが挙げられ、具体例としては、溶剤精製または水添精製による軽質ニュートラル油,中質ニュートラル油,重質ニュートラル油,ブライトストックなどを挙げることができる。
【0008】
一方合成油としては、例えば、ポリα−オレフィン,α−オレフィンコポリマー,ポリブテン,アルキルベンゼン,ポリオールエステル,二塩基酸エステル,ポリオキシアルキレングリコール,ポリオキシアルキレングリコールエステル,ポリオキシアルキレングリコールエーテル,シリコーンオイルなどを挙げることができる。
【0009】
これらの基油は、それぞれ単独で、あるいは二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができ、鉱油と合成油を組み合わせて使用してもよい。次に、基油に配合される(A)〜(C)成分について説明する。
【0010】
(A)成分
硫黄含有酸化防止剤としては、ジラウリルチオジプロピオネート,ジステアリルチオジプロピオネートなどのジアルキルチオジプロピオネートを用いる
【0011】
硫黄含有酸化防止剤は、基油に対して、組成物全重量基準で、0.01〜5重量%、好ましくは0.03〜3重量%の割合で配合される。
(B)成分
本発明のリン酸エステル類は、下記の一般式(I)〜(V)で表されるリン酸エステル,酸性リン酸エステル,亜リン酸エステル,酸性亜リン酸エステルを包含する。
【0012】
【化1】
Figure 0004334623
【0013】
【化2】
Figure 0004334623
【0014】
【化3】
Figure 0004334623
【0015】
【化4】
Figure 0004334623
【0016】
【化5】
Figure 0004334623
【0017】
上記一般式(I)〜(V)において、R1 〜R3 は炭素数4〜30のアルキル基,アルケニル基,アルキルアリール基及びアリールアルキル基を示し、R1 〜R3 は同一でも異なっていてもよい。
リン酸エステルとしては、トリアリールホスフェート,トリアルキルホスフェート,トリアルキルアリールホスフェート,トリアリールアルキルホスフェート,トリアルケニルホスフェートなどがあり、具体的には、例えばトリフェニルホスフェート,トリクレジルホスフェート,ベンジルジフェニルホスフェート,エチルジフェニルホスフェート,トリブチルホスフェート,エチルジブチルホスフェート,クレジルジフェニルホスフェート,ジクレジルフェニルホスフェート,エチルフェニルジフェニルホスフェート,ジエチルフェニルフェニルホスフェート,プロピルフェニルジフェニルホスフェート,ジプロピルフェニルフェニルホスフェート,トリエチルフェニルホスフェート,トリプロピルフェニルホスフェート,ブチルフェニルジフェニルホスフェート,ジブチルフェニルフェニルホスフェート,トリブチルフェニルホスフェート,トリヘキシルホスフェート,トリ(2−エチルヘキシル)ホスフェート,トリデシルホスフェート,トリラウリルホスフェート,トリミリスチルホスフェート,トリパルミチルホスフェート,トリステアリルホスフェート,トリオレイルホスフェートなどを挙げることができる。
【0018】
酸性リン酸エステルとしては、具体的には、例えば2−エチルヘキシルアシッドホスフェート,エチルアシッドホスフェート,ブチルアシッドホスフェート,オレイルアシッドホスフェート,テトラコシルアシッドホスフェート,イソデシルアシッドホスフェート,ラウリルアシッドホスフェート,トリデシルアシッドホスフェート,ステアリルアシッドホスフェート,イソステアリルアシッドホスフェートなどを挙げることができる。
【0019】
亜リン酸エステルとしては、具体的には、例えばトリエチルホスファイト,トリブチルホスファイト,トリフェニルホスファイト,トリクレジルホスファイト,トリ(ノニルフェニル)ホスファイト,トリ(2−エチルヘキシル)ホスファイト,トリデシルホスファイト,トリラウリルホスファイト,トリイソオクチルホスファイト,ジフェニルイソデシルホスファイト,トリステアリルホスファイト,トリオレイルホスファイトなどを挙げることができる。
【0020】
酸性亜リン酸エステルとしては、具体的には、例えばジブチルハイドロゲンホスファイト,ジラウリルハイドロゲンホスファイト,ジオレイルハイドゲンホスファイト,ジステアリルハイドロゲンホスファイト,ジフェニルハイドロゲンホスファイトなどを挙げることができる。
以上のリン酸エステル類の中で、オレイルアシッドホスフェート,トリクレジルホスフェートが好適である。
【0021】
さらに、これらとアミン塩を形成するアミン類としては、例えば一般式(VI)
n NH3-n ・・・(VI)
(式中、Rは炭素数3〜30のアルキル基もしくはアルケニル基,炭素数6〜30のアリール基もしくはアリールアルキル基又は炭素数2〜30のヒドロキシアルキル基を示し、nは1,2又は3を示す。また、Rが複数ある場合、複数のRは同一でも異なっていてもよい。)
で表されるモノ置換アミン,ジ置換アミン又はトリ置換アミンが挙げられる。上記一般式(VI)におけるRのうちの炭素数3〜30のアルキル基もしくはアルケニル基は、直鎖状,分岐状,環状のいずれであってもよい。
【0022】
ここで、モノ置換アミンの例としては、ブチルアミン,ペンチルアミン,ヘキシルアミン,シクロヘキシルアミン,オクチルアミン,ラウリルアミン,ステアリルアミン,オレイルアミン,ベンジルアミンなどを挙げることができ、ジ置換アミンの例としては、ジブチルアミン,ジペンチルアミン,ジヘキシルアミン,ジシクロヘキシルアミン,ジオクチルアミン,ジラウリルアミン,ジステアリルアミン,ジオレイルアミン,ジベンジルアミン,ステアリル・モノエタノールアミン,デシル・モノエタノールアミン,ヘキシル・モノプロパノールアミン,ベンジル・モノエタノールアミン,フェニル・モノエタノールアミン,トリル・モノプロパノールなどを挙げることができる。また、トリ置換アミンの例としては、トリブチルアミン,トリペンチルアミン,トリヘキシルアミン,トリシクロヘキシルアミン,トリオクチルアミン,トリラウリルアミン,トリステアリルアミン,トリオレイルアミン,トリベンジルアミン,ジオレイル・モノエタノールアミン,ジラウリル・モノプロパノールアミン,ジオクチル・モノエタノールアミン,ジヘキシル・モノプロパノールアミン,ジブチル・モノプロパノールアミン,オレイル・ジエタノールアミン,ステアリル・ジプロパノールアミン,ラウリル・ジエタノールアミン,オクチル・ジプロパノールアミン,ブチル・ジエタノールアミン,ベンジル・ジエタノールアミン,フェニル・ジエタノールアミン,トリル・ジプロパノールアミン,キシリル・ジエタノールアミン,トリエタノールアミン,トリプロパノールアミンなどを挙げることができる。
【0023】
リン酸エステル類又はそのアミン塩は、基油に対して、組成物全重量基準で、0.03〜5重量%、好ましくは0.1〜4重量%の割合で配合される。
(C)成分
アミンと反応させるカルボン酸としては、脂肪族カルボン酸,二価カルボン酸(二塩基酸),芳香族カルボン酸があり、ここで脂肪族カルボン酸については、炭素数8〜30で、飽和,不飽和のいずれであってもよく、また、直鎖,分岐のいずれであってもよい。脂肪族カルボン酸の具体例を示すと、ペラルゴン酸,ラウリン酸,トリデカン酸,ミリスチン酸,パルミチン酸,ステアリン酸,イソステアリン酸,エイコサン酸,ベヘン酸,トリアコンタン酸,カプロレイン酸,ウンデシレン酸,オレイン酸,リノレン酸,エルカ酸,リノール酸などがある。二価カルボン酸の具体例を示すと、オクタデシルコハク酸,オクタデセニルコハク酸,アジピン酸,アゼライン酸,セバシン酸などがある。また、芳香族カルボン酸についてはサリチル酸がある。
【0024】
一方、カルボン酸と反応させるアミンとしては、ジエチレントリアミン,トリエチレンテトラミン,テトラエチレンペンタミン,ペンタエチレンヘキサミン,ヘキサエチレンヘプタミン,ヘプタエチレンオクタミン,ジプロピレントリアミン,テトラプロピレンペンタミン,ヘキサブチレンヘプタミンなどのポリアルキレンポリアミン、モノエタノールアミン,ジエタノールアミンなどのアルカノールアミンを挙げることができる。
【0025】
なかでも、イソステアリン酸とテトラエチレンペンタミン,オレイン酸とジエタノールアミンの組み合わせが好適である。カルボン酸とアミンの反応生成物は、基油に対して、組成物全重量基準で、0.01〜5重量%、好ましくは0.03〜3重量%の割合で配合される。
本発明の組成物は基油に上記(A)〜(C)成分を配合することにより得られるが、通常潤滑油の物性向上のために、粘度指数向上剤,無灰分散剤,清浄剤,極圧剤,消泡剤,防錆剤などを適宜加えることもできる。
【0026】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によってなんら限定されるものではない。
実施例,比較例における各種性能試験法
【0027】
(1)シャダー防止性
自動変速機油の性能試験方法(JASO M349−95)に準拠し、μ1 /μ50で評価した。
μ1 ・・・すべり速度1rpmの時の摩擦係数
μ50・・・すべり速度50rpmの時の摩擦係数
(2)シャダー防止寿命
JASO M349−95に準拠し、下記条件で耐久試験を実施し8時間毎に摩擦特性を評価し、μ1 /μ50が1以上となるまでの寿命時間とした。
・油温:120℃
・面圧:1.00±0.05 MPa
・回転数 200rpm
(3)伝達トルク容量
JASO M349−95に準拠し、摩擦特性試験を行い、静摩擦係数(μS )で評価した。
【0028】
〔実施例1〕
基油としてパラフィン系鉱油(100℃における動粘度5mm2 /s)を使用し、(A)成分としてジラウリルチオジプロピオネート0.5重量%、(B)成分としてトリクレジルホスフェート0.5重量%、および(C)成分としてイソステアリン酸テトラエチルペンタミド0.5重量%を配合し、さらにその他の添加剤として、ポリメタクリレート(粘度指数向上剤)9.5重量%、ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド(無灰分散剤)2重量%、カルシウムスルホネート(清浄剤)2重量%、および硫化油脂(極圧剤)0.5重量%(計14重量%)を配合し、自動変速機用潤滑油組成物を得、前記の各種性能試験を行った。その結果を第1表に示す。
【0029】
〔実施例2、3、比較例1〜8〕
実施例1において、基油の量、(A)〜(C)成分とその量を第1表の記載のものに代えた以外は同様にして自動変速機用潤滑油組成物を得、同様に各種性能試験を行った。その結果を第1表に示す。
【0030】
【表1】
Figure 0004334623
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 0004334623
【0032】
【表3】
Figure 0004334623
【0033】
【表4】
Figure 0004334623
【0034】
【表5】
Figure 0004334623
【0035】
実施例と比較例より次のことがわかる。実施例において、μ1 /μ50は0.82〜0.86を示し1以下で十分なシャダー防止性を有している。また、シャダー防止寿命は所定の試験において50〜62時間を示し比較例の2倍以上となっている。また、その伝達トルク容量も0.1以上有り、自動変速機油として優れた性能を有している。
【0036】
一方、比較例1,6においては、(B)(C)成分を所定量配合したものであるが、シャダー防止寿命が極めて短く、本発明の目的を達していない。また比較例2,7では(C)成分がないためシャダー防止性能を満足せず、(B)成分のない比較例3,8ではシャダー防止寿命が短い。さらに比較例4,5においては(B)(C)成分を多量に配合しシャダー防止寿命の延長を図った例であるが、シャダー防止寿命は比較的長くなるものの、実施例に比べ、寿命は1/2以下である。また、伝達トルク容量も0.1以下となり、自動変速機油としては不十分である。よって、(B)(C)成分を単純に増量してシャダー防止寿命延長を図っても、トルク容量の不足を招き自動変速機油として実用に供することはできない。
【0037】
【発明の効果】
本発明の自動変速機用潤滑油組成物は、シャダー防止性能に優れ、かつシャダー防止性能を長期に渡って維持することができ、さらに伝達トルク容量が高いものである。

Claims (2)

  1. 基油に(A)硫黄含有酸化防止剤であるジアルキルチオジプロピオネート、(B)リン酸エステル類又はそのアミン塩、及び(C)カルボン酸とアミンの反応生成物を配合してなる自動変速機用潤滑油組成物。
  2. 硫黄含有酸化防止剤であるジアルキルチオジプロピオネートが、ジラウリルチオジプロピオネート、ジステアリルチオジプロピオネートから選ばれる1種以上の化合物である請求項1に記載の自動変速機用潤滑油組成物。
JP15068496A 1996-06-12 1996-06-12 自動変速機用潤滑油組成物 Expired - Lifetime JP4334623B2 (ja)

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TW086106913A TW386108B (en) 1996-06-12 1997-05-22 lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission
EP97108977A EP0812900B1 (en) 1996-06-12 1997-06-04 Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission
DE69719114T DE69719114T2 (de) 1996-06-12 1997-06-04 Schmierölzusammensetzung für Automatikgetriebe
US08/870,300 US5972854A (en) 1996-06-12 1997-06-06 Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission
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