JP5378632B2 - 作動液 - Google Patents
作動液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5378632B2 JP5378632B2 JP2000612405A JP2000612405A JP5378632B2 JP 5378632 B2 JP5378632 B2 JP 5378632B2 JP 2000612405 A JP2000612405 A JP 2000612405A JP 2000612405 A JP2000612405 A JP 2000612405A JP 5378632 B2 JP5378632 B2 JP 5378632B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carbon atoms
- alkyl
- magnesium salicylate
- zinc dithiophosphate
- hydraulic fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
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- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
- C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M129/30—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 7 or less carbon atoms
- C10M129/34—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 7 or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
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- C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
- C10M129/42—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
- C10M129/48—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C10M129/54—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups
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- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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- C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
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- C10M2215/26—Amines
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- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description
WO 89/04358は、(A)酸性有機化合物の中性または塩基性金属塩、(B)金属不活性化剤、好ましくは任意に置換されたべンゾトリアゾール、および(C);(C−1)燐含有アミド、(C−2)燐含有エステル、(C−3)硫黄連結(coupled)ジチオカルバメート、(C−4)式(I)の硫黄含有化合物よりなる群から選ばれた硫黄および/または燐含有化合物を含む組成物に関する。金属塩(A)用の特に好ましい金属は、ナトリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウムまたはそれらの2種以上の混合物である。存在可能な他の化合物についての広範な例には、ジアルキルジチオ燐酸亜鉛が挙げられている。サリチル酸マグネシウム、ジチオ燐酸亜鉛の両方とも、それ自体については述べているが、これら化合物を組合せ使用することは教示していない。
US−A−4,627,928には、マグネシウム含有量が、存在する酸の全量を基準とするマグネシウムの理論当量に対し150%以上500%以下であることを特徴とし得る塩基性サリチル酸マグネシウムの製造方法が記載されている。得られたマグネシウム塩は、一般に添加剤、さらに詳しくは各種潤滑油および燃料、例えばガソリンやディーゼル燃料の添加剤としての用途に好適であると記載されている。これら特定のサリチル酸マグネシウムは、広範な他の化合物と組合せ使用できると述べている。作動液にジチオ燐酸亜鉛とサリチル酸亜鉛とを組合せ適用することについては開示も教示もない。
WO−A−97/10318には、連続(Seq.)5E試験で酸中和特性が向上すると共に、優れた汚泥・摩耗性能を示す潤滑剤が記載されている。前記潤滑剤は、スルホン酸、フェノール、硫化フェノールおよびカルボン酸(サリチル酸を含む)よりなる群から選ばれた油溶性有機酸のアルカリまたはアルカリ土類金属の1種以上を含有する洗剤ンステムを用いて形成される。ここで、少なくとも1種の金属塩は過剰に塩基化され、また無機塩(過剰塩基化用)から全モル量の有機塩までをTBNとして表わした該洗剤システムに存在する無機塩と有機塩との重量比は少なくとも2500である。
US−A−5558802には、低温ポンプ性(pumpability)が良好で、揮発性の低いクランク室用マルチグレード潤滑剤が記載されている。
US−A−5558802では、有機酸の中性・過剰塩基化カルシウム塩は、低温クランク回転シミュレーター(CCS)で測定すると、低温高せん断粘度が増大することが見い出されたと述べている。
またUS−A−5558802では、高せん断速度でCCS粘度の低い(即ち、低温でのエンジンのクランク回転をいっそう容易にし、こうして低温の周囲温度でエンジンの始動性を向上させる)潤滑剤を作るには、これらの塩を全く使用しないか、或いは潤滑剤100g当りカルシウム塩を0.0007以下のモル量で使用しなければならないと述べている。
WO−A−96/37582には、内燃機関、自動変速機ギアボックス、ダンパー、パワーステアリングユニット等に使用される潤滑油組成物が記載されている。
WO−A−96/37582に記載の潤滑油は、特定のアルキル基を有するジチオカルバミン酸スルホキシモリブデン、特定のアルキル基を有するジアルキルジチオ燐酸亜鉛、特定のアルキルサリチレート、および所望ならばホウ素含有コハク酸イミドを各々、潤滑油ベース原料中に特定量含むものである。
US−A−4462918には、大量の潤滑油と、各々少量の、ジチオ燐酸第II族金属塩および式:R1 O.CO.CR2 (NR3 R4 ).CR6 R7 .CO.OR5 (式中、R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 、R5 、R6 およびR7 は、水素または炭素数1〜30の炭化水素残基であり、且つR3 またはR4 は、独立に水素、炭素数1〜30の炭化水素残基および炭素数1〜30のアシルから選ばれる)を有する組成物とを含む潤滑油組成物が記載されている。
本発明は、潤滑剤ベースオイルに、(a)サリチル酸マグネシウム 0.001〜5重量%、(b)ジチオ燐酸亜鉛 0.01〜8重量%を組合せてなる作動液を提供する。なお、これらの量は作動液の全量を基準とする。
このサリチレートは、置換されていても置換されていなくてもよい。好適な置換基としては、炭素数が1〜40であって、任意に酸素および/または窒素原子を1個以上およびヒドロキシル基を含む脂肪族基が挙げられる。好ましい置換基は、炭素数6〜30、好ましくは炭素数12〜20のアルキル基である。置換基は直鎖状であることが好ましい。このサリチレートは、置換基を1〜4個、好ましくは1〜3個、最も好ましくは1個または2個含有することができる。最も好ましいサリチレートは、炭素数14〜18の直鎖状アルキル基1個で置換されたものである。
本発明で使用できるサリチル酸マグネシウムは、市販品として入手し得る。好適な市販品は、SAP 007(Infineum製)である。このサリチル酸マグネシウムは、通常、鉱油と組合せて供給される。この文献でいう量は、鉱油を含まない化合物自体に関する。
好適なサリチル酸マグネシウムが製造できる方法は、US−A−4,627,928に記載されている。
で表わされる。好ましい脂肪族基はヒドロカルビル基である。ヒドロカルビル基は、任意に酸基、ヒドロキシル基および/またはエステル基を含有する。好ましいヒドロカルビル基は、炭素数が12以下で、さらに任意に酸基、ヒドロキシル基および/またはエステル基を含有するアルキル基である。このヒドロカルビル置換ジチオホスフェートは、1個または2個の脂肪族基を含有してもよく、或いは1個の脂肪族基を有するジチオホスフェートと2個の脂肪族基を有するジチオホスフェートとの混合物であってよい。好ましいジチオ燐酸亜鉛は、ジアルキルジチオ燐酸亜鉛である。
市販品として入手できる好適なジチオ燐酸亜鉛としては、Elco 108(Elco Corporation製)、Lz 1375(Lubrizol製)、OLOA 4269Q(Oronite製)およびHITEC 680(Ethyl製)が挙げられる。
作動液はさらに、(c)防錆剤、好ましくはカルボン酸、エステル、アミドまたはイミドを含有する合計の炭素数が4〜70の化合物、さらに好ましくはジカルボン酸またはそのモノ−もしくはジ−エステルまたはそのモノ−アミド、ジ−アミドもしくはイミド、さらに好ましくはジカルボン酸またはそのエステル、アミドもしくはイミドを全組成物に対し0.001〜5重量%含有してよい。この化合物のさらに好ましい炭素数は20〜40である。好ましい化合物は、脂肪族こはく酸イミドまたはこはく酸ジアミドである。このような化合物はEP−A−776964に記載されている。
本発明の作動液は、サリチル酸マグネシウムを含有する。特定の用途には、作動液はサリチル酸カルシウムとサリチル酸マグネシウムとの組合せを含むと有利となり得る。
本発明の成分は、潤滑油にそれ自体添加してもよいし、或いは潤滑油に添加する前に混合して添加剤包装品としてもよい。この作動液製造用添加剤包装品は好ましくは、サリチル酸マグネシウム、ジチオ燐酸亜鉛、および任意に合計の炭素数が4〜70の、ジカルボン酸またはそのモノ−もしくはジ−エステルまたはそのモノ−アミド、ジ−アミドもしくはイミドを含み、サリチル酸マグネシウムとジチオ燐酸亜鉛との重量比が1:5〜1:100であり、またサリチル酸マグネシウムとジカルボン酸またはそのモノ−もしくはジ−エステルまたはそのモノ−アミド、ジ−アミドもしくはイミドとの重量比が1:0〜1:50である。
【0016】
下記添加剤を含む配合物を製造した。
サリチル酸マグネシウム:全塩基価が337mg KOH/gで(INFINEUM製SAP 007)、マグネシウム含有量が酸の全量を基準とするマグネシウムの理論当量に対し約750%であり、鉱油を40重量%含有する、高度に過剰塩基化したアルキルサリチル酸マグネシウム
サリチル酸カルシウム:全塩基価が168mg KOH/gで(INFINEUM製SAP 001)、鉱油を40重量%含有する、過剰に塩基化したアルキルサリチル酸カルシウム
表1に記載したサリチル酸金属の量は、鉱油を含まないサリチル酸金属自体の量である。
ジチオ燐酸亜鉛:ジ(エチルヘキシル)ジチオ燐酸亜鉛(Elco corporation製Elco 108)
式Iの化合物:アスパラギン酸、即ちN−(3−カルボキシ−1−オキソ−2−プロペニル)−N−オクタデシル,ビス(2−メチルプロピル)エステル
得られた組成物を表1に記載する。表記の量は、鉱油を含まない化合物自体の量である。
組成物1、2をVickers V104Cベーンポンプ試験に用いた。各試験には、新しいポンプカートリッジを使用した。試験時間は250時間とし、液温 約66℃、液の出口圧 35バール(3.5MPa)、ポンプ速度 1450回転/分で行った。結果を表1に記載する。
表1
組成物1 組成物2
サリチル酸マグネシウム 0.06%wt −
サリチル酸カルシウム − 0.06%wt
ジチオ燐酸亜鉛 0.37%wt 0.37%wt
式Iの化合物 0.10%wt 0.10%wt
潤滑剤ベースオイル 残部 残部
低負荷試験
リングの重量損失(mg) 13 96
ベーンの重量損失(mg) 2 1
全体の重量損失(mg) 15 97
Claims (10)
- 作動液における低負荷での摩耗性能を向上するため、潤滑剤ベースオイルに
(a)サリチル酸マグネシウム 0.001〜5重量%、
(b)ジチオ燐酸亜鉛 0.01〜8重量%
を組合せてなる組成物の使用。
- さらに(c)合計の炭素数が4〜70の、ジカルボン酸またはそのモノ−もしくはジ−エステルまたはそのモノ−アミド、ジ−アミドもしくはイミドを0.001〜5重量%含む請求項1に記載の組成物の使用。
- (c)が下記式I
【化1】
(式中、R1 およびR2 は各々水素、または炭素数1〜30の、アルキルもしくはヒドロキシアルキルであり、R3 、R4 およびR5 は各々水素、または炭素数1〜4の、アルキルもしくはヒドロキシアルキルであり、XはCHまたはNであり、R6 およびR7 は各々水素、炭素数1〜30の、アルキルもしくはアルケニル、または炭素数30以下の飽和もしくは不飽和カルボン酸から誘導されたアシル基である)
の化合物である請求項2に記載の組成物の使用。
- サリチル酸マグネシウム、ジチオ燐酸亜鉛および任意に式Iの化合物を、サリチル酸マグネシウムとジチオ燐酸亜鉛との重量比が1:5〜1:100で、且つサリチル酸マグネシウムと式Iの化合物との重量比が1:0〜1:50となるような量で含む請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 組成物がさらに流動点降下剤、消泡剤、および/または解乳化剤を含む請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 低負荷での摩耗性能を向上した作動液を製造するため、サリチル酸マグネシウム、ジチオ燐酸亜鉛、および任意に合計の炭素数が4〜70の、ジカルボン酸またはそのモノ−もしくはジ−エステルまたはそのモノ−アミド、ジ−アミドもしくはイミドを含有し、サリチル酸マグネシウムとジチオ燐酸亜鉛との重量比が1:5〜1:100であり、またサリチル酸マグネシウムとジカルボン酸またはそのモノ−もしくはジ−エステルまたはそのモノ−アミド、ジ−アミドもしくはイミドとの重量比が1:0〜1:50である添加剤の組合わせの使用。
- 潤滑剤ベースオイルに
(a)サリチル酸マグネシウム 0.001〜5重量%、
(b)ジチオ燐酸亜鉛 0.01〜8重量%、および
(c)下記式I
【化2】
(式中、R1 およびR2 は各々水素、または炭素数1〜30の、アルキルもしくはヒドロキシアルキルであり、R3 、R4 およびR5 は各々水素、または炭素数1〜4の、アルキルもしくはヒドロキシアルキルであり、XはCHまたはNであり、R6 およびR7 は各々水素、炭素数1〜30の、アルキルもしくはアルケニル、または炭素数30以下の飽和もしくは不飽和カルボン酸から誘導されたアシル基である)
の化合物0.001〜5重量%を組み合わせてなる作動液。
- サリチル酸マグネシウム、ジチオ燐酸亜鉛および式Iの化合物を、サリチル酸マグネシウムとジチオ燐酸亜鉛との重量比が1:5〜1:100で、且つサリチル酸マグネシウムと式Iの化合物との重量比が1:0〜1:50となるような量で含む請求項7に記載の作動液。
- 作動液がさらに流動点降下剤、消泡剤、および/または解乳化剤を含む請求項7または8に記載の作動液。
- 添加剤が、サリチル酸マグネシウム、ジチオ燐酸亜鉛、および下記式I
【化3】
(式中、R1 およびR2 は各々水素、または炭素数1〜30の、アルキルもしくはヒドロキシアルキルであり、R3 、R4 およびR5 は各々水素、または炭素数1〜4の、アルキルもしくはヒドロキシアルキルであり、XはCHまたはNであり、R6 およびR7 は各々水素、炭素数1〜30の、アルキルもしくはアルケニル、または炭素数30以下の飽和もしくは不飽和カルボン酸から誘導されたアシル基である)
の化合物を含有し、サリチル酸マグネシウムとジチオ燐酸亜鉛との重量比が1:5〜1:100であり、またサリチル酸マグネシウムと一般式Iの化合物との重量比が1:0〜1:50である作動液製造用添加剤。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99302883.6 | 1999-04-14 | ||
| EP99302883 | 1999-04-14 | ||
| PCT/EP2000/003258 WO2000063325A1 (en) | 1999-04-14 | 2000-04-11 | Hydraulic fluid |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002542378A JP2002542378A (ja) | 2002-12-10 |
| JP2002542378A5 JP2002542378A5 (ja) | 2007-05-10 |
| JP5378632B2 true JP5378632B2 (ja) | 2013-12-25 |
Family
ID=8241330
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000612405A Expired - Lifetime JP5378632B2 (ja) | 1999-04-14 | 2000-04-11 | 作動液 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1173534B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5378632B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100697579B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1229477C (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU762520B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR0009738B1 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2370468C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2000063325A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200108402B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0011115D0 (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2000-06-28 | Infineum Int Ltd | Lubricating oil compositions |
| WO2004013263A1 (ja) | 2002-08-05 | 2004-02-12 | Nippon Oil Corporation | 潤滑油組成物 |
| US20080139430A1 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-12 | Lam William Y | Additives and lubricant formulations for improved antiwear properties |
| US20100029525A1 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-04 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Antiwear hydraulic fluid composition with useful emulsifying and rust prevention properties |
| JP5875952B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-12 | 2016-03-02 | コスモ石油ルブリカンツ株式会社 | 農業機械用潤滑油組成物 |
| JP6714503B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-28 | 2020-06-24 | シェルルブリカンツジャパン株式会社 | 電子制御機器を配した油圧作動機用潤滑油組成物 |
| TWI912301B (zh) | 2020-03-30 | 2026-01-21 | 大陸商中國石油化工科技開發有限公司 | 燃油潤滑性改進劑及其用途 |
| CN115537242B (zh) | 2021-06-30 | 2023-11-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 柴油抗磨剂组合物、其制备方法及柴油组合物 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4627928A (en) * | 1976-08-26 | 1986-12-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Basic non-carbonated magnesium compositions and fuel, lubricant and additive concentrate compositions containing same |
| GB2115000B (en) * | 1982-02-17 | 1985-02-06 | Shell Int Research | Lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids |
| GB8929096D0 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1990-02-28 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd | Metal free lubricants |
| DE69202849T2 (de) * | 1991-05-01 | 1995-10-26 | Lubrizol Corp | Thermisch stabile Zusammensetzungen und diese enthaltende Schmiermitteln und funktionelle Flüssigkeiten. |
| CA2086970A1 (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 1993-07-25 | Michelle M. Cervenka | Low ash lubricating oil compositions |
| JP3151784B2 (ja) * | 1992-05-01 | 2001-04-03 | 出光興産株式会社 | 耐熱作動油組成物 |
| JPH07316577A (ja) * | 1994-05-20 | 1995-12-05 | Tonen Corp | 潤滑油組成物 |
| US5558802A (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1996-09-24 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Multigrade crankcase lubricants with low temperature pumpability and low volatility |
| JPH11513412A (ja) * | 1995-09-14 | 1999-11-16 | エクソン・ケミカル・パテンツ・インク | クランク室潤滑組成物 |
-
2000
- 2000-04-11 JP JP2000612405A patent/JP5378632B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-11 AU AU38203/00A patent/AU762520B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-11 BR BRPI0009738-1A patent/BR0009738B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-11 KR KR1020017013035A patent/KR100697579B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-11 WO PCT/EP2000/003258 patent/WO2000063325A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-11 CA CA002370468A patent/CA2370468C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-11 CN CNB008070253A patent/CN1229477C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-11 EP EP00917078.8A patent/EP1173534B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-10-12 ZA ZA200108402A patent/ZA200108402B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU3820300A (en) | 2000-11-02 |
| JP2002542378A (ja) | 2002-12-10 |
| CN1349556A (zh) | 2002-05-15 |
| CN1229477C (zh) | 2005-11-30 |
| EP1173534A1 (en) | 2002-01-23 |
| BR0009738B1 (pt) | 2011-01-25 |
| WO2000063325A1 (en) | 2000-10-26 |
| CA2370468A1 (en) | 2000-10-26 |
| KR20020010602A (ko) | 2002-02-04 |
| CA2370468C (en) | 2008-01-15 |
| EP1173534B1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
| BR0009738A (pt) | 2002-01-22 |
| KR100697579B1 (ko) | 2007-03-22 |
| ZA200108402B (en) | 2002-12-24 |
| AU762520B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
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