JPH0314328B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0314328B2 JPH0314328B2 JP19790782A JP19790782A JPH0314328B2 JP H0314328 B2 JPH0314328 B2 JP H0314328B2 JP 19790782 A JP19790782 A JP 19790782A JP 19790782 A JP19790782 A JP 19790782A JP H0314328 B2 JPH0314328 B2 JP H0314328B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- silver
- tabular
- grain
- grains
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 283
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 145
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 145
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 53
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 51
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 153
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 69
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 46
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 39
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 33
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 33
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 24
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 14
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001016 Ostwald ripening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000051 modifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000342 Monte Carlo simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HOLVRJRSWZOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].ICl Chemical compound [Ag].ICl HOLVRJRSWZOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012992 electron transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine monobromide Chemical compound IBr CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoselenazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[se]C=NC2=C1 AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDDLMJULQGRLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)OCO1 XJDDLMJULQGRLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHKAJLSKXBADFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-indandione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)CC(=O)C2=C1 UHKAJLSKXBADFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRHUHDUEXWHZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CC=NN1 ZRHUHDUEXWHZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKAMEFMDQNTDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC=NC2=N1 ZKAMEFMDQNTDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVKCAQKXTLCSBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-isoquinolin-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=NCC2=C1 PVKCAQKXTLCSBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=S)N1 UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiobarbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=S)N1 RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3H-indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALGIYXGLGIECNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-benzo[e]indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=CN3)=C3C=CC2=C1 ALGIYXGLGIECNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1C(N)CCC2=C1SC(N)=N2 RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNPNXLYNSXZPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCC(=S)N1 DNPNXLYNSXZPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBWUTXXJFOIVME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4h-1,2-oxazol-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CC=NO1 QBWUTXXJFOIVME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090898 Desensitizer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010073306 Exposure to radiation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWVVNNZRDBXOQL-AATRIKPKSA-O [(e)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-enyl]-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CN(C)\C=C\C[NH+](C)C LWVVNNZRDBXOQL-AATRIKPKSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N barbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMTXUWGBSGZXCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzoselenazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C[se]3)=C3C=CC2=C1 AMTXUWGBSGZXCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=CS3)=C3C=CC2=C1 KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=CO3)=C3C=CC2=C1 WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HJSLFCCWAKVHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)C1 HJSLFCCWAKVHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001951 dura mater Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010946 fine silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940091173 hydantoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BICAGYDGRXJYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrobromide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Br BICAGYDGRXJYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=[NH+]1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;quinoline Chemical compound [NH+]1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012216 imaging agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-O isoquinolin-2-ium Chemical compound C1=[NH+]C=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical compound N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003109 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003142 primary aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DNTVKOMHCDKATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidine-3,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NN1 DNTVKOMHCDKATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodanine Chemical compound O=C1CSC(=S)N1 KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PODWXQQNRWNDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([S-])(=O)=O PODWXQQNRWNDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071240 tetrachloroaurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Description
(a) çºæã®åé
æ¬çºæã¯åçã®åéã«æçšã§ããããã®åºé¡ã®
第ïŒã®çºæã¯åæ£åªãšããã²ã³åéç²åãšãå«ã
æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ã«é¢ããããã®åºé¡ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®çº
æã¯åèšä¹³å€ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã«é¢ããã (b) å è¡æè¡ å¡©åéãå«ãæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³
å€ã¯å ¬ç¥ã§ãããç¹å¥ã®å©ç¹ãäžãããããšã
ã°ãåçã«æå¹ãªä»ã®ããã²ã³åéãããã¹ãã¯
ãã«ã®å¯èŠéšåã«å¯ŸããŠããäœããã¬æ床ãæã
ããããã«ãå¡©åéã¯åçã«æå¹ãªä»ã®ããã²ã³
åéãããããå¯æº¶æ§ã§ãã€ãŠããã®ããçŸåã
ãã³å®çãããçæéå ã«éæããããããšãŠå¡©
åéä¹³å€ã¯ãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã¢ãŒãã®åŠãé«ãã³ã³
ãã©ã¹ããå¿ èŠããçšéåã³é»çœåã³ã«ã©ãŒå°å·
補åã®åŠãæ¥éåŠçãå¿ èŠãšããçšéã«ãããŠç¹
å¥ã®æçšæ§ãåŸãããŠããã 極ããŠçš®ã ã®ç²å圢ç¶ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€
ã«èŠ³å¯ãããŠãããç²åæé·æ¹è³ªå€åã¯çæå€ã®
ååšåã¯ããã«ãžãšããåã¯åäžãžãšããæ²æŸ±ã®
éžæã®åŠãçš®ã ã®å åã¯çµæ¶åœ¢æ ã«å¯ŸããŠå®è³ªç
ãªåœ±é¿ãæããããã©ããç²åæ²æŸ±ã®éã«ååšã
ããã©ã€ããããéèŠãªå åã¯ä»ã«ååšããªãã å¡©åéã極ããŠïœ100ïœçµæ¶é¢ãæããçµæ¶ã
圢æãããããšããäºã¯åœæ¥è ã«ããèªèãããŠ
ãããå§åçå€æ°ã®åçä¹³å€ã«ãããŠãå¡©åéçµ
æ¶ãååšããå Žåãããã¯ç«æ¹äœç²åã®åœ¢ã«ã
ãã幟åãã®å°é£ã¯ããããã©ããå¡©åéã®çµæ¶
ç¹æ§ãå€ããããšã¯å¯èœã§ãã€ããã¯ã©ã€ã¹
ïŒclaesïŒä»ã¯ãã溶åªåã決å®ããäžçŽç©ã«ãã
Agclã®çµæ¶ç¹æ§ã®å€æŽïŒCrystal Habit
Modification of Agcl by Impurities
Determing the SolvationïŒããã¶ã»ãžã€ãŒãã«ã»
ãªãâããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã21å·»ã
39ã50ããŒãžã1973幎ãã«ãããŠãçš®ã ã®ç²åæ
é·æ¹è³ªå€ã®äœ¿çšã«ããïœ110ïœããã³ïœ111ïœé¢ã
æããå¡©åéçµæ¶ã®åœ¢æãæ瀺ããããŠã€ã«ã·ãŠ
ïŒwyrschïŒã¯ããïœ111ïœãïœ110ïœããã³ïœ100ïœçµ
æ¶ç¹æ§ãæããåäžå¯žæ³åå¡©åéä¹³å€ã®ç¡«é»å¢æ
ïŒSulfur Sensitization of Monosized Silver
Chloride Emulsionsãwithïœ111ïœãïœ110ïœand
ïœ100ïœCrystal HabitïŒããããŒããŒâ13ãã€ã³
ã¿ãŒãã·ãšãã«ã»ã³ã³ã°ã¬ã¹ã»ãªãã»ããªãã°ã©
ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã122ã124ããŒãžã1978
幎ãã«ãããŠã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ããã³å°éã®ïŒäŸ¡ã®ã«ã
ããŠã ã€ãªã³ã®ååšäžã«å¡©åéãæ²æŸ±ããããã
ãªãã«ãžãšããæ²æŸ±ãæŒã»ã¹ãé瀺ããŠãããã«
ãããŠã ã€ãªã³ã®ååšã«ãããpAgããã³PHã®ã³
ã³ãããŒã«ã¯ææ¹12é¢äœïœ110ïœãïŒé¢äœïœ111ïœã
ããã³ç«æ¹äœïœ100ïœçµæ¶ç¹æ§ãçãããããã å¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åãåºãç 究ãããŠããããã»
ãšãã©ãã¯ãâãµã€ãºã®ãã®ã§ãã€ãŠåçåéã§
ã¯å©çšã§ããªããã®ã§ãã€ããããã§å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ãšã¯ãç²åã®ä»ã®ãããªãåçµæ¶é¢ãããå®è³ªç
ã«å€§ããªïŒã€ã®å¹³è¡ãªåã¯å®è³ªçã«å¹³è¡ãªçµæ¶é¢
ãæããç²åãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ïŒå³ããåãã«å¯ŸããçŽåŸã®æ¯çïŒã¯å®è³ªçã«
ïŒïŒïŒãã倧ãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åè
åéä¹³å€ã¯ã¯ããã¯ïŒCugnacïŒããã³ã·ã€ããŒ
ïŒChateauïŒããç©çççææã®èåéçµæ¶ã®åœ¢æ
åŠã®é²å±ïŒEvolution of the Morphology of
Silver Bromide Crystals During Physical
RipeningïŒãããµã€ãšã³ãšã»ãšã»ã€ã³ãã¹ããª
ãšã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãŒã33å·»ãNo.ïŒïŒ1962ïŒã
pp.121â125ã«å ±åãããŠããã 1937幎ãã1950幎代ã«ãããŠã€ãŒã¹ããã³ã»ã³
ããã¯ç€Ÿã¯ããŠããªã¿ã€ãºãïŒç»é²åæšïŒæŸå°ç·
åçãã€ã«ã 補åãããŒã»ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã»ïŒžç·ã³ãŒ
ã5133ãªãå称ã§è²©å£²ããããã®è£œåã¯ãã€ã«ã
æ¯æäœã®äºãã«å察åŽã®äž»èŠé¢ã«ç¡«é»å¢æèåé
ä¹³å€ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å±€ããã€ãŠããããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ïŒž
ç·ç §å°ã«é²åºããçºã®ãã®ã§ãã€ãããåå å¢æ
ãããŠããªãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯çŽïŒãïŒïŒïŒããã€ãŠããããã®ç²åã¯ããã®
æ圱é¢ç©ã®50ïŒ ãè¶ããéšåãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå
ããæ圱é¢ç©ã®25ïŒ ãè¶ããéšåãéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ãå ããŠããããããã®ä¹³å€ãäœåãè€è£œããã
ã¡ãæé«ã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæã€ä¹³å€ã¯å¹³åå¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åçŽåŸ2.5ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãå¹³åå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åå0.36ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ããã³å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ïŒïŒïŒã瀺ãããä»ã®è€è£œåã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããå
ããããçŽåŸã®å€§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã§ãã€ãŠããã®
å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯å°ãããã®ã§ãã€ãã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšãŠèåéä¹³å€ã¯åçæ¥çã«ãããŠ
ç¥ãããŠããããã©ãããšãŒãžãã®ååšã¯ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ãå¶éããããšãç¥ãããŠãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ãš
ãŠèåéç²åã¯ããã€ã³ïŒDuffinïŒããåçä¹³å€å
åŠïŒPhotographic Emulsion ChemistryïŒããã
ãªãŒã«ã«ã»ãã¬ã¹ã1966ãpp.66â72ããã³ããª
ããªïŒTrivelliïŒããã³ã¹ãã¹ïŒSmithïŒãããšãŠ
èåç©æ²æŸ±ç³»åã®æ§é ã«ãããŒããšãŠåéã®åœ±é¿
ïŒThe Effect of Silver Iodide Upon the
Structure of BromoâIodide Precipitation
SeriesïŒããã¶ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãžã€ãŒã
ã«ãLXXXå·»ã1940ãïŒæãpp.285â288ã«èª¬æ
ãããŠãããããªããªããã³ã¹ãã¹ã¯ãšãŠåç©ã®
å°å ¥ã«ããç²åãµã€ãºããã³ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯äž¡è ã®
é¡èãªäœæžã芳å¯ããŠãããã°ããïŒGutoffïŒ
ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã®æ²æŸ±çæã«ãããæ žç
æããã³æé·é床ïŒNucleation and Growth
RatesDuring the Precipitation of Silver
Halide Photographic EmulsionsïŒããããªãã°
ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€ãšã³ã·ãŒãºã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãšã³ãžã
ã¢ãªã³ã°ã14å·»ãNo.ïŒã1970ãïŒæâïŒæã
pp.248â257ã«ã¯ãé£ç¶æ²æŸ±è£ 眮ãçšããŠåäžãž
ãšããæ²æŸ±çæã«ãã調補ãããã¿ã€ãã®èåé
ããã³ãšãŠèåéä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œãå ±åãããŠããã ããã²ã³åéã®å€§éšåãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®åœ¢ã§ååš
ãããããªä¹³å€ã調補ããããã®æ¹æ³ãæè¿ã«ãª
ã€ãŠå ¬ããšãªã€ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4063951å·ã«ã¯ã
ïœ100ïœç«æ¹äœé¢ã«ãã€ãŠèŠå®ããã1.5ãïŒïŒïŒ
ã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ã®ããã²ã³åéçµ
æ¶ã圢æããããšãæ瀺ãããŠããããããã®å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯æ¹åœ¢åã³é·æ¹åœ¢äž»èŠé¢ãïœ100ïœçµæ¶
é¢ã®ç¹æ§ã瀺ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4067739å·ã«ã¯ãçš®
æ¶ã圢æããããã²ã³åé溶å€ã®ååšäžã«ãªã¹ã
ã¯ã«ãçæã«ããçš®æ¶ã®ãµã€ãºãå¢å€§ããããã
ããŠPBrïŒèåç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®å¯Ÿæ°ã®éæ°ïŒãå¶
埡ããªããåæ žçæãŸãã¯ãªã¹ãã¯ã«ãçæãè¡
ãããšãªãç²åæé·ãå®äºããããšã«ãã€ãŠã倧
éšåãåæ¶ãæãïŒé¢äœçµæ¶ã§ããåäžå¯žæ³ã®ã
ãã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã調補ããããšã説æãããŠã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4067739å·ã¯å¡©åéã«ã€ããŠã¯è§Š
ããŠããªããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4150994å·ããã³å第
4184877å·ãè±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1570581å·äžŠã³ã«ãã€ãç¹
èš±å ¬é第2905655å·ããã³å第2921077å·ã«ã¯å°ãª
ããšã90ã¢ã«ïŒ ããšãŠåç©ã§ããçš®æ¶ãçšããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠå¹³åŠãªåæ¶ïŒé¢äœç¶ããã²ã³åéç²å
ã®åœ¢æãæ瀺ãããŠãããããã§ãç¹ã«æãããª
ãéããããã²ã³åç©ã®çŸåçã¯ãã¹ãŠå¯Ÿå¿ãã
ä¹³å€ãŸãã¯ç²åé åã«ååšããéã«åºã¥ããäŸã
ã°ã60ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®ãããããå«ãèå¡©åéãããªã
ç²åã¯ãŸã40ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®ã¯ããªãããå«ããäžè¿°ã®
åŒäŸã®ããã€ãã«ã¯ãå¢å€§ãã被èŠåãæããä¹³
å€ãå ±åãããããããé»çœããã³ã«ã©ãŒäž¡ã«ã¡
ã©ãã€ã«ã ãšããŠæçšã§ããããšã説æãããŠã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4063951å·ã«ã¯å ·äœçã«ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ã®äžéãïŒïŒïŒã§ãããšå ±åãããŠãããã
ãã®å®æœäŸã«ã¯éåžžã«äœãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å³ã¡ïŒïŒ
ïŒãèšèŒãããŠããã«éãããããã«èšèŒããã
ïŒïŒïŒã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯çŸå®çãªãã®ã§ãªããšèã
ããããå®æœäŸããã³é¡åŸ®é¡åçããèŠããšä»ã®
äžè¿°ã®åŒäŸã«èŠãããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯ïŒïŒïŒãã
å°ããããããã®åŒäŸã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããã²ã³å
éä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œãåºãæ±ã€ãŠããããã©ããå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åèå¡©åéä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œã«åããããç¹å®ã®å®æœ
äŸåã¯æ瀺ãæããŠã¯ããªãã æ¥æ¬ç¹èš±å ¬é第55â142329å·ïŒ1980幎11æïŒ
æ¥ïŒã«ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4150994å·ãšå®è³ªçã«åæ§ãª
æ瀺ããªãããŠããããçš®ç²åãšããŠãšãŠåéã®
䜿çšã«éå®ãããŠã¯ããªãããŸãããã®åè¡ç©ã¯
ç¹ã«50ã¢ã«ïŒ æªæºã®ã¯ããªããå«ãå¹³æ¿ç¶èå¡©å
éç²åã®åœ¢æã«è§ŠããŠããããã®ãããªä¹³å€ã®ç¹
å®ã®å®æœäŸã¯äžããããŠããªãããã©ããäžãã
ããæ å ±ãæ€èšããŠã¿ãã°ããã®åè¡ç©ã«åŸãã°
æ¯èŒçäœãå²åã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åãåŸã
ãããŸãåŸãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4150944å·ã®ãããããé«ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæã
ãŠã¯ããªããã®ãšèŠåããããã (c) çºæã®é瀺 æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãåæ£åªãšããã²ã³åéç²åãš
ãããªãæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ãåã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã
æäŸããããšã«ããããã®ä¹³å€ã¯å ¬ç¥ã®å€æèå¡©
åéä¹³å€ãããé«ãçŸåé床ãæããã æ¬çºæã«åŸãã°ãå ããåæ£åªãšããã²ã³åé
ç²åãšãããªãã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¯Ÿåããå¹³è¡ãªïœ111ïœäž»èŠé¢ã
æãã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå°ãªããšãç°ç¶ã®ç²åé åã«
ãããŠã¯ããªããšãããããšãå«ã¿ããã€ãåèš
ç°ç¶ã®ç²åé åã«ãã€ãŠæšªæ¹åãå²ãŸããäžå€®é
åã«ãããŠãç°ç¶é åã®ãã®ãšçãããåã¯ãã
ããäœã溶解床ãæããããã²ã³åéçµæãå«
ã¿ã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®
åããå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®çŽåŸå
ã³å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãã
ãã€åèšããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®å°ãªã
ãšã35ïŒ ãå ãããã㊠åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå°ãªããšãåèšç°ç¶ã®ç²åé
åã«ãããŠãïŒïŒ99ãïŒïŒïŒã®ã¯ããªã察ããã
ãã®å¹³åã¢ã«æ¯ãæããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ãæäŸ
ãããã æ¬çºæã«åŸãã°ããŸããåæ£åªãšããã²ã³åé
ç²åãšããªãã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¯Ÿåããå¹³è¡ãªïœ111ïœäž»èŠé¢ã
æãããã€å°ãªããšãç°ç¶ã®ç²åé åã«ãããŠã
ã¯ããªããšãããããå«ã¿ããã€ãåèšç°ç¶ã®ç²
åé åã«ãã€ãŠæšªæ¹åãå²ãŸããäžå€®é åã«ãã
ãŠãç°ç¶é åã®ãã®ãšçãããåã¯ããããäœã
溶解床ãæããããã²ã³åéçµæãå«ã¿ã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®
åããå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®çŽåŸå
ã³å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãã
ãã€åèšããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®å°ãªã
ãšã35ïŒ ãå ãã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå°ãªããšãåèšç°ç¶ã®ç²åé
åã«ãããŠãïŒïŒ99ãïŒïŒïŒã®ã¯ããªã察ããã
ãã®å¹³åã¢ã«æ¯ãæããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ããå
æ£åªã®å°ãªããšãäžéšãå«ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«éãã¯
ããªãåã³ããããå¡©ãåæã«å°å ¥ããããšã«ã
ã補é ããæ¹æ³ã§ãã€ãŠã åå¿å®¹åšå ã®ã¯ããªãã€ãªã³å¯Ÿããããã€ãªã³
ã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã1.6ïŒïŒãïŒã258ïŒïŒã«ä¿æãããã
㊠åå¿å®¹åšå ã®ããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã®åèšæ¿åºŠã0.10
ã0.90èŠå®ã®ç¯å²ã«ä¿æããããšãããªãæŸå°ç·
æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã 奜ãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã¯é«ã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãããæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã«é©çšããã
ãããªãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ããªãèªã¯ãå°ãªããšã
ç°ç¶ã®ç²åé åã«ãããŠã¯ããªãåã³ããããã
å«ã¿ã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®åãåã³å°ãª
ããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®çŽåŸãæããå¹³æ¿
ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åãïŒïŒïŒãã倧ããå¹³åã¢ã¹
ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãããã€ããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šæ圱
é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã35ïŒ ãå ããããšãæå³ããã
å šãŠã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯åã³åŸã§æ€èšããæ圱é¢
ç©ã¯ãä»ã«æããªãéããåæ§ã«æ±ºå®ãããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã¯ãïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ãæããŠããŠãããããã©ããïŒïŒïŒãããé«
ãé«å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæããã®ã奜ãŸãããå¹³
åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯15ïŒïŒãŸã§ã30ïŒïŒãŸã§ããã
ãã¯ãã以äžã«ãŸã§ãªãããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®
奜ãŸããä¹³å€ã¯0.2ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®å¹³å
åãæãããæ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ã
ãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å°ãªããšãç°ç¶ã®ç²åé å
ã«ãããŠã¯ããªããšãããããšãå«ãããã²ã³å
éç²åã®å šææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã50ïŒ ãæé©ã«ã¯
å°ãªããšã70ïŒ ãå ããã æ圱é¢ç©ã®æå®çŸåçãå ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å
ããèããã°èãçšãä¹³å€ã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯
é«ããªããéåžžãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å°ãªããšã0.10ã
ã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®å¹³ååãæããããåççã«ã¯
ããããèããŠããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®åãã¯ç¹æ®
ãªçšéã«é©åãããããã«å¢å ããåŸããšããã
ãšãç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ã0.5ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒã
ã«ãŸã§ã®å¹³ååãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ç»å転åã
ã€ã«ã ãŠãããã«çšããããšãã§ããããã®ãã
ãªçšéã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®æ±ºå®ã«é¢ãã
0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãšããèšåã¯å šãŠ0.5ãã€ã¯
ãã¡ãŒãã«ã«ä¿®æ£ãããã¹ãã§ãããããããªã
ããç²ååŸãäžåœã«å¢å ãããããšãªãããé«ã
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãéæããããã«ã¯ããã®çºæã®ä¹³
å€ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®å¹³
ååãæããããšã¯éåžžå¯èœã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã®äžè¿°ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯åœæ¥è ã«
ãããŠåšç¥ã®ææ³ã«ãã容æã«ç¢ºããããšãã§ã
ãããã®æ现æžã«ãããŠçšããçšèªãã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ããšã¯ç²åã®åãã«å¯ŸããçŽåŸã®æ¯ã瀺ããç²
åã®ãçŽåŸããšã¯ãä¹³å€ãé¡åŸ®é¡ãŸãã¯é»åé¡åŸ®
é¡ã§èŠ³å¯ããæç²åã®æ圱é¢ç©ãšçããé¢ç©ãæ
ããåã®çŽåŸãæããã®ãšãããä¹³å€è©Šæã®é°åœ±
ã®ããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçããããããã®ç²åã®åã
åã³çŽåŸã枬å®ããããšãã§ããåã0.3ãã€ã¯
ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºåã³çŽåŸå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ã
ã¡ãŒãã«ãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãåå®ããããšãã§
ããããã®ããã«ããŠæž¬å®ããçŽåŸãšåãããã
ãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãèšç®ããã
ãšãã§ãããããŠãåã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æª
æºããã³çŽåŸå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãš
ããåºæºãæºè¶³ããè©Šæäžã®å šãŠã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãå¹³ååããŠå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãåŸ
ãããšãã§ããããã®ããšããæãããªããã«å¹³
åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãšã¯åã ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ã®å¹³åã§ãããå®éã«ã¯ãéåžžåã0.3ãã€
ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ããã³çŽåŸå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ã
ã¡ãŒãã«ãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å¹³ååãåã³å¹³å
çŽåŸãæ±ãããããïŒã€ã®å¹³åå€ã®æ¯ãèšç®ããŠ
å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæ±ããã®ã簡䟿ã§ãããå¹³å
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã決å®ããã®ã«åã ã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ã®å¹³åå€ããšã€ãŠãããŸãåãåã³çŽåŸã®å¹³åå€
ããç®åºããŠãå¯èœãªç²å枬å®ã®èš±å®¹ç¯å²å ã§ã
ãããããã°åŸãããå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯å®è³ªäž
å·®ããªããåãåã³çŽåŸåºæºãæºè¶³ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ã
ãã²ã³åéç²åã®æ圱é¢ç©ãç©ç®ãããŸããã®é¡
埮é¡åçäžã®æ®ãã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã®æ圱é¢ç©
ãå¥ã«ç©ç®ãããããŠãããïŒã€ã®ç©ç®å€ããã
åãããã³çŽåŸåºæºãæºè¶³ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããã
ã²ã³åéç²åå šäœã®æ圱é¢ç©äžã«å ããçŸåçã
ç®åºããããšãã§ããã äžè¿°ã®æ±ºå®ã«ãããŠåã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«
æªæºã®æšæºå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããåçç¹æ§ã«å£ãããå
ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšåºå¥ããããã«éžå®ãããæšæºç²
åãšããŠã¯å°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®çŽ
åŸãæãããã®ãéžãã ããšããã®ã¯ãçŽåŸãã
ãå°ãããšé¡åŸ®é¡åçã§å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åãšãå¿ ãããåºå¥ã§ããªãããã§ãããåœæ¥ç
ã§åºã䜿ãããŠããçšèªãæ圱é¢ç©ïŒãããžãšã¯
ã·ãšã³ã»ãšãŒãªã¢ãŸãã¯ãããžãšã¯ãã€ãã»ãšãŒ
ãªã¢ïŒãã«ã€ããŠã¯äŸãã°ãžãšãŒã ãºïŒJamesïŒ
ããã³ãã®ã³ã¹ïŒHigginsïŒããåççè«ã®åºç€
ïŒFundamentals of Photographic TheoryïŒãã
ã¢ã«ã¬ã³ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã¢ã«ã¬ã³ïŒããŠãŒãšãŒã¯ïŒ
p.15ãåç §ããããã æ¬çºæã®ç¹å®ã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãä¹³å€
ã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯æ¬è³ªçã«ã¯ãšãŠå¡©åéãã
ãªããã¯ããªãã®ããããã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã«æ¯ã¯ïŒïŒ
ïŒãŸã§ã®ç¯å²ããšãåŸããåççã«æå¹ãªæ¹è³ªå¹
æã¯çŽïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ãšäœãã¯ããªãæ¿åºŠã«ããçã
ããïŒã30ïŒ ã®ã¯ããªãæ¿åºŠã奜ãŸãããæ¬çºæ
ã®å®æœã«ã¯ïŒã20ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠãæé©ã§ãããæ®
ãã®ãã©ã€ãã¯æ¬è³ªçã«ã¯ãããããããªã€ãŠã
ãŠãããã¯ããªãã®ããããã«å¯Ÿããå²åã¯ç²å
ãéããŠå®è³ªçã«åäžã§ãããäžè¿°ããç¯å²å ã«
ãããŠææã«å€ãåŸããã¯ããªã察ããããã®å²
åãäžå€®é åããåšå²ã®ç°ç¶ç²åé åãŸã§å¢å ã
ãããã«ããããšãã§ããããã®å¢å ã¯äžé£ç¶ã®
ãã®ã§ãã€ãŠãããããããã¯åŸã ã«å€åããã
ã®ã§ãã€ãŠããããã¯ããªã察ããããã®å²åã
éã«ãªã€ãŠãããããŸããã¯ããªã察ããããã®
å²åã¯ç²åè¡šé¢ã«é£æ¥ããç°ç¶ç²åé åã«å¯ŸããŠ
å¢å ãããŠããæžå°ãããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãéãã¯ããªãåã³ãã
ããã«å ããŠãå¿ èŠãšããããã§ã¯ãªãããã©
ãããšãŒãžããå«ãããšãã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åäž
ã«ååšãããšãŒãžãã®éã¯ãæ¢è¿°ã®ã¯ããªã察ã
ãããã®å²åãä¿æãããéããåºãå€ãåŸãã
ãšãŒãžãã®å¯èœãªç¯å²ã¯ãã®ç²åå ã«ãããäœçœ®
ã«äŸåããããšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠã¯ãç²åã®æ žåœ¢æå³ã¡
ç²åã®äžå€®åã¯ãã®ä»è¿ã®åœ¢æã®éãçŽïŒã¢ã«ïŒ
æªæºãæé©ã«ã¯0.05ïŒ æªæºã§ããã®ãäžè¬ã«å¥œãŸ
ãããæ žåœ¢æåŸïŒå³ã¡æšªæ¹ååšå²ã®ç°ç¶ç²åéšå
ãæé·ããã€ã€ããéïŒã«ãããŠã¯ããšãŠåéã®
æé·ãã€ã€ããèå¡©åéçµæ¶é åã«ããã溶解床
éçãŸã§ã®ã¯ããã«é«ããšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠãå¯èœã§ã
ããåŸã€ãŠãç°ç¶ç²åé åã«ããããšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠ
ã¯ããé«ããŠãããããããã奜ãŸããã¯20ã¢ã«
ïŒ æªæºãæé©ã«ã¯15ã¢ã«ïŒ æªæºã§ãããç°ç¶ç²å
é åã®ãšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®æ žåœ¢æã®éã«
ååšãããšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠããé«ãå Žåã«ã¯ãå®æã
ããä¹³å€ã«å¯Ÿããå¹æã¯ããšãŒãžãã®ãã€ã°ã¬ãŒ
ã·ãšã³ãæ²æŸ±ã®éã«çããã®ã§ãäžå€®ç²åé åã®
ãšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠãäžããããšãšãªãããšãŒãžãã®ã
ã€ã°ã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã®çšåºŠã¯ãã¡ããæ²æŸ±ã®æ¡ä»¶ãç¹
ã«ããã²ã³åéã®æº¶è§£æ§åã³çæã«åœ±é¿ãäžãã
æ¡ä»¶ãšãšãã«å€ããã§ãããã æ¬çºæã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åã®ãšãŒãžãæ¿
床ã¯ãäžèšã®èæ ®ç¹ã«ãã€ãŠãå šäœã«åäžã§ãã€
ãŠãããããããã¯ææã«å€ããããŠããããç°
ç¶ç²åé åã«ãããŠã¯ããé«ãïŒå°ãªããšãïŒã¢
ã«ïŒ é«ãïŒãšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠãæããããšãã§ããã
ç²åäžã®ãšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠå¢å ãæ¥æ¿ã«ãããã¯åŸã
ã«å¢ãããšãã§ããããšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠãäžå€®ç²åé
åãšç°ç¶ç²åé åãšã®éã§å¢å ããã次ãã§ç²å
ã®å€åŽã®ãšããžã«åã€ãŠåã³äœäžãããããšãã§
ããã ã¯ããªããšãããããšãå«ãç°ç¶ç²åé åãå°
ãªããšãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯æ²
柱ããã»ã¹ã«ãã調補ããããšãã§ãããã®ãã
ã»ã¹ããŸãæ¬çºæã®äžéšã圢æãããå¹ççãªæ¬
ææ©æ§ãåããåžžçšãããããã²ã³åéæ²æŸ±çæ
çšåå¿åšäžã«åæ£åªãå ¥ãããéåžžæåã®æ®µéã§
åå¿åšäžã«å ¥ããåæ£åªã®éã¯æçµç²åæ²æŸ±çæ
段éã§ä¹³å€äžã«ååšããåæ£åªã®åèšééã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠå°ãªããšãçŽ10ééïŒ ã奜ãŸããã¯20ã100é
éïŒ ã§ããããã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±ç¬¬866645å·ïŒãã©ã³ã¹
ç¹èš±ç¬¬2471620å·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããïŒã«æ瀺ãããåŠãã
åæ£åªã¯ç²åæ²æŸ±çæéçšã§é å¿åé¢ã«ãã€ãŠå
å¿åšããé€å»ããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãæåã«åå¿
åšäžã«ååšããããåæ£åªã®éã¯æçµç²åæ²æŸ±ç
æ段éã§åå¿åšäžã«ååšããä¹³å€ã®éãšçéãŸã
ã¯ãã以äžã«ããããããšãã§ãããåå¿åšäžã«
æåã«å ¥ããåæ£åªãšããŠã¯ãæ°ŽãŸãã¯è§£è å€ã®
æ°Žäžåæ£äœã§ãã€ãŠããã®åæ£åªã¯å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠ
ä»ã®æåãäŸãã°ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®ããã²ã³åé
çæå€ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯åŸã§è©³è¿°ããéå±ããŒãå€
ïŒããŒãã³ãïŒãé åããã解è å€ãæåã«ååš
ããããå Žåãã®æ¿åºŠã¯æ²æŸ±çæã®æçµæ®µéã§å
åšãã解è å€å šéã®å°ãªããšã10ïŒ ãç¹ã«å°ãªã
ãšã20ïŒ ã§ããããšã奜ãŸãããéããã³ãã©ã€
ãå¡©ãšå ±ã«åå¿åšäžã«è¿œå ã®åæ£åªãå ãããã
ããã¯å¥ã®ãžãšããããå°å ¥ããããšãã§ããã
äžè¬ã«ã¯ãç¹ã«è§£è å€ã®å²åãå¢å€§ããããã«ã
ã©ã€ãå¡©å°å ¥ãå®äºããåŸã«åæ£åªã®å²åã調ç¯
ããã ã¯ããªãåã³ãããããäžå€®ç²åé åã«å«ãå¹³
æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åã圢æããããããªããã»
ã¹ã®å¥œãŸããå®æœã«ãããŠã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®çæ
ã«çšããã¯ããªãåã³ããããå¡©ã®å°éãéåžžã¯
10ã¢ã«ïŒ æªæºãæåã«åå¿å®¹åšäžååšããããŠã
æ²æŸ±çæã®éå§æã«ãããåæ£åªäžã®ããã²ã³ã€
ãªã³æ¿åºŠã調æŽãããã¯ããªãåã³ããããã€ãª
ã³ãäžèšã®ãããªæ¿åºŠåã³éæ¯ã«ãããŠååšãåŸ
ãããã©ããåå¿åšäžã®åæ£åªã¯åãã«0.05ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠæªæºã®ãšãŒãžãã€ãªã³ãå«ã¿ãåœåã¯ãšãŒãž
ãã€ãªã³ãå«ãŸãªãã®ã奜ãŸããããšããã®ã¯ã
éãã¯ããªãåã³ããããå¡©ã®åæå°å ¥ã®åã«å
å¿åšäžã«ãšãŒãžãã€ãªã³ãååšãããšãã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ã®äœãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãçæãæãããã§ããã æ²æŸ±ãçæããããéãåœæ¥è ã«åšç¥ã®ææ³ã«
åŸã€ãŠãéãã¯ããªããããããããã³ææã«ã
ããšãŒãžãå¡©ãåå¿åšã«å ãããéåžžãã©ã€ãå¡©
ã®å°å ¥ãšåæã«åå¿åšäžã«ç¡é žéã®ãããªå¯æº¶æ§
éå¡©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãå°å ¥ããããŸãããã©ã€ãå¡©ã¯é
åžžãïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®å¯æº¶æ§ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã¢ã«
ã«ãªéå±ïŒäŸãã°ããããªãŠã ãŸãã¯ã«ãªãŠã ïŒ
ãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ïŒäŸãã°ããã°ãã·ãŠã
ãŸãã¯ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒãã©ã€ãå¡©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã®ãããª
塩氎溶液ãšããŠå°å ¥ãããéå¡©ã¯å°ãªããšãåœå
ã¯ãã©ã€ãå¡©ãšã¯å¥ã«åå¿åšäžã«å°å ¥ããããã©
ã€ãå¡©ã¯åå¿åšäžã«å¥ã ã«å ããŠãããããæ··å
ç©ãšããŠå°å ¥ããŠãããã éããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ã氎溶液ãšããŠå°å ¥ããã®
ã«ä»£ããŠãéããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ãåæ£åªã«æžæ¿ã
ã埮现ãªããã²ã³åéç²åã®åœ¢æ ã§åœåã«ãŸãã¯
æé·æ®µéã§å°å ¥ããããšãã§ãããç²åãµã€ãº
ã¯ãåå¿åšäžã«å°å ¥ãããæã«ãååšãåŸããã
倧ããªç²åæ žäžãžå®¹æã«ãªã¹ãã¯ã«ãçæããçš
床ã§ãããæçšãªæ倧ç²åãµã€ãºã¯åå¿åšå ã®æ¡
件ãå³ã¡æž©åºŠäžŠã³ã«å¯æº¶ååã³çæå€ã®ååŠã«äŸ
åããã§ããããèåéãå¡©åéããã³ïŒãŸãã¯
æ··åããã²ã³åéç²åãå°å ¥ããããšãã§ããã
ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯éåžžã«åŸ®çŽ°ãªãäŸãã°ãå¹³å
çŽåŸã0.1ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®ãã®ã§ããã
ãšãæãŸããã ã¯ããªããäžèšã«è¿°ã¹ãå²åã§å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åäžã«
é åããããããã«ã¯ãã¯ããªãã€ãªã³ãããã
ãã€ãªã³ãããã¯ããã«é«ãå²åã§åå¿å®¹åšäžã«
ååšããããšãå¿ é ã§ãããç¹ã«ãå¹³æ¿ç²åäžã®
ã¯ããªã察ããããã®ã¢ã«æ¯ãïŒïŒ99ã«ãããã
ã«ã¯ã1.6ïŒïŒã®ã¯ããªã察ããããã€ãªã³ã®ã¢
ã«æ¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ååšãããªããã°ãªããªãã
å¹³æ¿ç²åäžã®ã¯ããªã察ããããã®ã¢ã«æ¯ãïŒïŒ
ïŒã«é«ããããã«ã¯ãæ²æŸ±çæã®æž©åºŠã«äŸåã
ãŠãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®ã¯ããªãã€ãªã³å¯Ÿããããã€ãª
ã³ã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã258ïŒïŒã«å¢å ãããããšãå¿ èŠã§
ããããåå¿å®¹åšäžã®ã¯ããªãåã³ããããã€ãª
ã³éæ¯ã®åã³å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åäžã«åŸãããã¯ããªãå
ã³ããããã®ä»£è¡šçãªã¢ã«æ¯é¢ä¿ãã30åã³90â
ãšãã極端ãªæ²æŸ±çæ枩床åã³40ã80âã®å¥œãŸã
ãæ²æŸ±çæ枩床ç¯å²å ã®55âãšããæ²æŸ±çæ枩床
ã«å¯ŸããŠãäžèšã®è¡šã«ç€ºãã
第ïŒã®çºæã¯åæ£åªãšããã²ã³åéç²åãšãå«ã
æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ã«é¢ããããã®åºé¡ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®çº
æã¯åèšä¹³å€ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã«é¢ããã (b) å è¡æè¡ å¡©åéãå«ãæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³
å€ã¯å ¬ç¥ã§ãããç¹å¥ã®å©ç¹ãäžãããããšã
ã°ãåçã«æå¹ãªä»ã®ããã²ã³åéãããã¹ãã¯
ãã«ã®å¯èŠéšåã«å¯ŸããŠããäœããã¬æ床ãæã
ããããã«ãå¡©åéã¯åçã«æå¹ãªä»ã®ããã²ã³
åéãããããå¯æº¶æ§ã§ãã€ãŠããã®ããçŸåã
ãã³å®çãããçæéå ã«éæããããããšãŠå¡©
åéä¹³å€ã¯ãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã¢ãŒãã®åŠãé«ãã³ã³
ãã©ã¹ããå¿ èŠããçšéåã³é»çœåã³ã«ã©ãŒå°å·
補åã®åŠãæ¥éåŠçãå¿ èŠãšããçšéã«ãããŠç¹
å¥ã®æçšæ§ãåŸãããŠããã 極ããŠçš®ã ã®ç²å圢ç¶ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€
ã«èŠ³å¯ãããŠãããç²åæé·æ¹è³ªå€åã¯çæå€ã®
ååšåã¯ããã«ãžãšããåã¯åäžãžãšããæ²æŸ±ã®
éžæã®åŠãçš®ã ã®å åã¯çµæ¶åœ¢æ ã«å¯ŸããŠå®è³ªç
ãªåœ±é¿ãæããããã©ããç²åæ²æŸ±ã®éã«ååšã
ããã©ã€ããããéèŠãªå åã¯ä»ã«ååšããªãã å¡©åéã極ããŠïœ100ïœçµæ¶é¢ãæããçµæ¶ã
圢æãããããšããäºã¯åœæ¥è ã«ããèªèãããŠ
ãããå§åçå€æ°ã®åçä¹³å€ã«ãããŠãå¡©åéçµ
æ¶ãååšããå Žåãããã¯ç«æ¹äœç²åã®åœ¢ã«ã
ãã幟åãã®å°é£ã¯ããããã©ããå¡©åéã®çµæ¶
ç¹æ§ãå€ããããšã¯å¯èœã§ãã€ããã¯ã©ã€ã¹
ïŒclaesïŒä»ã¯ãã溶åªåã決å®ããäžçŽç©ã«ãã
Agclã®çµæ¶ç¹æ§ã®å€æŽïŒCrystal Habit
Modification of Agcl by Impurities
Determing the SolvationïŒããã¶ã»ãžã€ãŒãã«ã»
ãªãâããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã21å·»ã
39ã50ããŒãžã1973幎ãã«ãããŠãçš®ã ã®ç²åæ
é·æ¹è³ªå€ã®äœ¿çšã«ããïœ110ïœããã³ïœ111ïœé¢ã
æããå¡©åéçµæ¶ã®åœ¢æãæ瀺ããããŠã€ã«ã·ãŠ
ïŒwyrschïŒã¯ããïœ111ïœãïœ110ïœããã³ïœ100ïœçµ
æ¶ç¹æ§ãæããåäžå¯žæ³åå¡©åéä¹³å€ã®ç¡«é»å¢æ
ïŒSulfur Sensitization of Monosized Silver
Chloride Emulsionsãwithïœ111ïœãïœ110ïœand
ïœ100ïœCrystal HabitïŒããããŒããŒâ13ãã€ã³
ã¿ãŒãã·ãšãã«ã»ã³ã³ã°ã¬ã¹ã»ãªãã»ããªãã°ã©
ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã122ã124ããŒãžã1978
幎ãã«ãããŠã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ããã³å°éã®ïŒäŸ¡ã®ã«ã
ããŠã ã€ãªã³ã®ååšäžã«å¡©åéãæ²æŸ±ããããã
ãªãã«ãžãšããæ²æŸ±ãæŒã»ã¹ãé瀺ããŠãããã«
ãããŠã ã€ãªã³ã®ååšã«ãããpAgããã³PHã®ã³
ã³ãããŒã«ã¯ææ¹12é¢äœïœ110ïœãïŒé¢äœïœ111ïœã
ããã³ç«æ¹äœïœ100ïœçµæ¶ç¹æ§ãçãããããã å¹³æ¿ç¶èåéç²åãåºãç 究ãããŠããããã»
ãšãã©ãã¯ãâãµã€ãºã®ãã®ã§ãã€ãŠåçåéã§
ã¯å©çšã§ããªããã®ã§ãã€ããããã§å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ãšã¯ãç²åã®ä»ã®ãããªãåçµæ¶é¢ãããå®è³ªç
ã«å€§ããªïŒã€ã®å¹³è¡ãªåã¯å®è³ªçã«å¹³è¡ãªçµæ¶é¢
ãæããç²åãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ïŒå³ããåãã«å¯ŸããçŽåŸã®æ¯çïŒã¯å®è³ªçã«
ïŒïŒïŒãã倧ãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åè
åéä¹³å€ã¯ã¯ããã¯ïŒCugnacïŒããã³ã·ã€ããŒ
ïŒChateauïŒããç©çççææã®èåéçµæ¶ã®åœ¢æ
åŠã®é²å±ïŒEvolution of the Morphology of
Silver Bromide Crystals During Physical
RipeningïŒãããµã€ãšã³ãšã»ãšã»ã€ã³ãã¹ããª
ãšã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãŒã33å·»ãNo.ïŒïŒ1962ïŒã
pp.121â125ã«å ±åãããŠããã 1937幎ãã1950幎代ã«ãããŠã€ãŒã¹ããã³ã»ã³
ããã¯ç€Ÿã¯ããŠããªã¿ã€ãºãïŒç»é²åæšïŒæŸå°ç·
åçãã€ã«ã 補åãããŒã»ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã»ïŒžç·ã³ãŒ
ã5133ãªãå称ã§è²©å£²ããããã®è£œåã¯ãã€ã«ã
æ¯æäœã®äºãã«å察åŽã®äž»èŠé¢ã«ç¡«é»å¢æèåé
ä¹³å€ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å±€ããã€ãŠããããã®ä¹³å€ã¯ïŒž
ç·ç §å°ã«é²åºããçºã®ãã®ã§ãã€ãããåå å¢æ
ãããŠããªãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯çŽïŒãïŒïŒïŒããã€ãŠããããã®ç²åã¯ããã®
æ圱é¢ç©ã®50ïŒ ãè¶ããéšåãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå
ããæ圱é¢ç©ã®25ïŒ ãè¶ããéšåãéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ãå ããŠããããããã®ä¹³å€ãäœåãè€è£œããã
ã¡ãæé«ã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæã€ä¹³å€ã¯å¹³åå¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åçŽåŸ2.5ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãå¹³åå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åå0.36ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ããã³å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ïŒïŒïŒã瀺ãããä»ã®è€è£œåã®ä¹³å€ã¯ããå
ããããçŽåŸã®å€§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã§ãã€ãŠããã®
å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯å°ãããã®ã§ãã€ãã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšãŠèåéä¹³å€ã¯åçæ¥çã«ãããŠ
ç¥ãããŠããããã©ãããšãŒãžãã®ååšã¯ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ãå¶éããããšãç¥ãããŠãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ãš
ãŠèåéç²åã¯ããã€ã³ïŒDuffinïŒããåçä¹³å€å
åŠïŒPhotographic Emulsion ChemistryïŒããã
ãªãŒã«ã«ã»ãã¬ã¹ã1966ãpp.66â72ããã³ããª
ããªïŒTrivelliïŒããã³ã¹ãã¹ïŒSmithïŒãããšãŠ
èåç©æ²æŸ±ç³»åã®æ§é ã«ãããŒããšãŠåéã®åœ±é¿
ïŒThe Effect of Silver Iodide Upon the
Structure of BromoâIodide Precipitation
SeriesïŒããã¶ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãžã€ãŒã
ã«ãLXXXå·»ã1940ãïŒæãpp.285â288ã«èª¬æ
ãããŠãããããªããªããã³ã¹ãã¹ã¯ãšãŠåç©ã®
å°å ¥ã«ããç²åãµã€ãºããã³ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯äž¡è ã®
é¡èãªäœæžã芳å¯ããŠãããã°ããïŒGutoffïŒ
ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã®æ²æŸ±çæã«ãããæ žç
æããã³æé·é床ïŒNucleation and Growth
RatesDuring the Precipitation of Silver
Halide Photographic EmulsionsïŒããããªãã°
ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€ãšã³ã·ãŒãºã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãšã³ãžã
ã¢ãªã³ã°ã14å·»ãNo.ïŒã1970ãïŒæâïŒæã
pp.248â257ã«ã¯ãé£ç¶æ²æŸ±è£ 眮ãçšããŠåäžãž
ãšããæ²æŸ±çæã«ãã調補ãããã¿ã€ãã®èåé
ããã³ãšãŠèåéä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œãå ±åãããŠããã ããã²ã³åéã®å€§éšåãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®åœ¢ã§ååš
ãããããªä¹³å€ã調補ããããã®æ¹æ³ãæè¿ã«ãª
ã€ãŠå ¬ããšãªã€ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4063951å·ã«ã¯ã
ïœ100ïœç«æ¹äœé¢ã«ãã€ãŠèŠå®ããã1.5ãïŒïŒïŒ
ã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ã®ããã²ã³åéçµ
æ¶ã圢æããããšãæ瀺ãããŠããããããã®å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯æ¹åœ¢åã³é·æ¹åœ¢äž»èŠé¢ãïœ100ïœçµæ¶
é¢ã®ç¹æ§ã瀺ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4067739å·ã«ã¯ãçš®
æ¶ã圢æããããã²ã³åé溶å€ã®ååšäžã«ãªã¹ã
ã¯ã«ãçæã«ããçš®æ¶ã®ãµã€ãºãå¢å€§ããããã
ããŠPBrïŒèåç©ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®å¯Ÿæ°ã®éæ°ïŒãå¶
埡ããªããåæ žçæãŸãã¯ãªã¹ãã¯ã«ãçæãè¡
ãããšãªãç²åæé·ãå®äºããããšã«ãã€ãŠã倧
éšåãåæ¶ãæãïŒé¢äœçµæ¶ã§ããåäžå¯žæ³ã®ã
ãã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã調補ããããšã説æãããŠã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4067739å·ã¯å¡©åéã«ã€ããŠã¯è§Š
ããŠããªããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4150994å·ããã³å第
4184877å·ãè±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1570581å·äžŠã³ã«ãã€ãç¹
èš±å ¬é第2905655å·ããã³å第2921077å·ã«ã¯å°ãª
ããšã90ã¢ã«ïŒ ããšãŠåç©ã§ããçš®æ¶ãçšããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠå¹³åŠãªåæ¶ïŒé¢äœç¶ããã²ã³åéç²å
ã®åœ¢æãæ瀺ãããŠãããããã§ãç¹ã«æãããª
ãéããããã²ã³åç©ã®çŸåçã¯ãã¹ãŠå¯Ÿå¿ãã
ä¹³å€ãŸãã¯ç²åé åã«ååšããéã«åºã¥ããäŸã
ã°ã60ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®ãããããå«ãèå¡©åéãããªã
ç²åã¯ãŸã40ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®ã¯ããªãããå«ããäžè¿°ã®
åŒäŸã®ããã€ãã«ã¯ãå¢å€§ãã被èŠåãæããä¹³
å€ãå ±åãããããããé»çœããã³ã«ã©ãŒäž¡ã«ã¡
ã©ãã€ã«ã ãšããŠæçšã§ããããšã説æãããŠã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4063951å·ã«ã¯å ·äœçã«ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ã®äžéãïŒïŒïŒã§ãããšå ±åãããŠãããã
ãã®å®æœäŸã«ã¯éåžžã«äœãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å³ã¡ïŒïŒ
ïŒãèšèŒãããŠããã«éãããããã«èšèŒããã
ïŒïŒïŒã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯çŸå®çãªãã®ã§ãªããšèã
ããããå®æœäŸããã³é¡åŸ®é¡åçããèŠããšä»ã®
äžè¿°ã®åŒäŸã«èŠãããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯ïŒïŒïŒãã
å°ããããããã®åŒäŸã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããã²ã³å
éä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œãåºãæ±ã€ãŠããããã©ããå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åèå¡©åéä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œã«åããããç¹å®ã®å®æœ
äŸåã¯æ瀺ãæããŠã¯ããªãã æ¥æ¬ç¹èš±å ¬é第55â142329å·ïŒ1980幎11æïŒ
æ¥ïŒã«ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4150994å·ãšå®è³ªçã«åæ§ãª
æ瀺ããªãããŠããããçš®ç²åãšããŠãšãŠåéã®
䜿çšã«éå®ãããŠã¯ããªãããŸãããã®åè¡ç©ã¯
ç¹ã«50ã¢ã«ïŒ æªæºã®ã¯ããªããå«ãå¹³æ¿ç¶èå¡©å
éç²åã®åœ¢æã«è§ŠããŠããããã®ãããªä¹³å€ã®ç¹
å®ã®å®æœäŸã¯äžããããŠããªãããã©ããäžãã
ããæ å ±ãæ€èšããŠã¿ãã°ããã®åè¡ç©ã«åŸãã°
æ¯èŒçäœãå²åã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åãåŸã
ãããŸãåŸãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4150944å·ã®ãããããé«ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæã
ãŠã¯ããªããã®ãšèŠåããããã (c) çºæã®é瀺 æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãåæ£åªãšããã²ã³åéç²åãš
ãããªãæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ãåã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã
æäŸããããšã«ããããã®ä¹³å€ã¯å ¬ç¥ã®å€æèå¡©
åéä¹³å€ãããé«ãçŸåé床ãæããã æ¬çºæã«åŸãã°ãå ããåæ£åªãšããã²ã³åé
ç²åãšãããªãã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¯Ÿåããå¹³è¡ãªïœ111ïœäž»èŠé¢ã
æãã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå°ãªããšãç°ç¶ã®ç²åé åã«
ãããŠã¯ããªããšãããããšãå«ã¿ããã€ãåèš
ç°ç¶ã®ç²åé åã«ãã€ãŠæšªæ¹åãå²ãŸããäžå€®é
åã«ãããŠãç°ç¶é åã®ãã®ãšçãããåã¯ãã
ããäœã溶解床ãæããããã²ã³åéçµæãå«
ã¿ã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®
åããå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®çŽåŸå
ã³å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãã
ãã€åèšããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®å°ãªã
ãšã35ïŒ ãå ãããã㊠åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå°ãªããšãåèšç°ç¶ã®ç²åé
åã«ãããŠãïŒïŒ99ãïŒïŒïŒã®ã¯ããªã察ããã
ãã®å¹³åã¢ã«æ¯ãæããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ãæäŸ
ãããã æ¬çºæã«åŸãã°ããŸããåæ£åªãšããã²ã³åé
ç²åãšããªãã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¯Ÿåããå¹³è¡ãªïœ111ïœäž»èŠé¢ã
æãããã€å°ãªããšãç°ç¶ã®ç²åé åã«ãããŠã
ã¯ããªããšãããããå«ã¿ããã€ãåèšç°ç¶ã®ç²
åé åã«ãã€ãŠæšªæ¹åãå²ãŸããäžå€®é åã«ãã
ãŠãç°ç¶é åã®ãã®ãšçãããåã¯ããããäœã
溶解床ãæããããã²ã³åéçµæãå«ã¿ã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®
åããå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®çŽåŸå
ã³å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãã
ãã€åèšããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®å°ãªã
ãšã35ïŒ ãå ãã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå°ãªããšãåèšç°ç¶ã®ç²åé
åã«ãããŠãïŒïŒ99ãïŒïŒïŒã®ã¯ããªã察ããã
ãã®å¹³åã¢ã«æ¯ãæããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ããå
æ£åªã®å°ãªããšãäžéšãå«ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«éãã¯
ããªãåã³ããããå¡©ãåæã«å°å ¥ããããšã«ã
ã補é ããæ¹æ³ã§ãã€ãŠã åå¿å®¹åšå ã®ã¯ããªãã€ãªã³å¯Ÿããããã€ãªã³
ã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã1.6ïŒïŒãïŒã258ïŒïŒã«ä¿æãããã
㊠åå¿å®¹åšå ã®ããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã®åèšæ¿åºŠã0.10
ã0.90èŠå®ã®ç¯å²ã«ä¿æããããšãããªãæŸå°ç·
æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã 奜ãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã¯é«ã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãããæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã«é©çšããã
ãããªãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ããªãèªã¯ãå°ãªããšã
ç°ç¶ã®ç²åé åã«ãããŠã¯ããªãåã³ããããã
å«ã¿ã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®åãåã³å°ãª
ããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®çŽåŸãæããå¹³æ¿
ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åãïŒïŒïŒãã倧ããå¹³åã¢ã¹
ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãããã€ããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šæ圱
é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã35ïŒ ãå ããããšãæå³ããã
å šãŠã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯åã³åŸã§æ€èšããæ圱é¢
ç©ã¯ãä»ã«æããªãéããåæ§ã«æ±ºå®ãããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã¯ãïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ãæããŠããŠãããããã©ããïŒïŒïŒãããé«
ãé«å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæããã®ã奜ãŸãããå¹³
åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯15ïŒïŒãŸã§ã30ïŒïŒãŸã§ããã
ãã¯ãã以äžã«ãŸã§ãªãããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®
奜ãŸããä¹³å€ã¯0.2ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®å¹³å
åãæãããæ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ã
ãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å°ãªããšãç°ç¶ã®ç²åé å
ã«ãããŠã¯ããªããšãããããšãå«ãããã²ã³å
éç²åã®å šææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã50ïŒ ãæé©ã«ã¯
å°ãªããšã70ïŒ ãå ããã æ圱é¢ç©ã®æå®çŸåçãå ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å
ããèããã°èãçšãä¹³å€ã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯
é«ããªããéåžžãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å°ãªããšã0.10ã
ã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®å¹³ååãæããããåççã«ã¯
ããããèããŠããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®åãã¯ç¹æ®
ãªçšéã«é©åãããããã«å¢å ããåŸããšããã
ãšãç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ã0.5ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒã
ã«ãŸã§ã®å¹³ååãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ç»å転åã
ã€ã«ã ãŠãããã«çšããããšãã§ããããã®ãã
ãªçšéã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®æ±ºå®ã«é¢ãã
0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãšããèšåã¯å šãŠ0.5ãã€ã¯
ãã¡ãŒãã«ã«ä¿®æ£ãããã¹ãã§ãããããããªã
ããç²ååŸãäžåœã«å¢å ãããããšãªãããé«ã
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãéæããããã«ã¯ããã®çºæã®ä¹³
å€ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®å¹³
ååãæããããšã¯éåžžå¯èœã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã®äžè¿°ã®ç²åç¹æ§ã¯åœæ¥è ã«
ãããŠåšç¥ã®ææ³ã«ãã容æã«ç¢ºããããšãã§ã
ãããã®æ现æžã«ãããŠçšããçšèªãã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯ããšã¯ç²åã®åãã«å¯ŸããçŽåŸã®æ¯ã瀺ããç²
åã®ãçŽåŸããšã¯ãä¹³å€ãé¡åŸ®é¡ãŸãã¯é»åé¡åŸ®
é¡ã§èŠ³å¯ããæç²åã®æ圱é¢ç©ãšçããé¢ç©ãæ
ããåã®çŽåŸãæããã®ãšãããä¹³å€è©Šæã®é°åœ±
ã®ããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçããããããã®ç²åã®åã
åã³çŽåŸã枬å®ããããšãã§ããåã0.3ãã€ã¯
ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºåã³çŽåŸå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ã
ã¡ãŒãã«ãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãåå®ããããšãã§
ããããã®ããã«ããŠæž¬å®ããçŽåŸãšåãããã
ãããã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãèšç®ããã
ãšãã§ãããããŠãåã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æª
æºããã³çŽåŸå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãš
ããåºæºãæºè¶³ããè©Šæäžã®å šãŠã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãå¹³ååããŠå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãåŸ
ãããšãã§ããããã®ããšããæãããªããã«å¹³
åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãšã¯åã ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ã®å¹³åã§ãããå®éã«ã¯ãéåžžåã0.3ãã€
ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ããã³çŽåŸå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ã
ã¡ãŒãã«ãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å¹³ååãåã³å¹³å
çŽåŸãæ±ãããããïŒã€ã®å¹³åå€ã®æ¯ãèšç®ããŠ
å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæ±ããã®ã簡䟿ã§ãããå¹³å
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã決å®ããã®ã«åã ã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
ã®å¹³åå€ããšã€ãŠãããŸãåãåã³çŽåŸã®å¹³åå€
ããç®åºããŠãå¯èœãªç²å枬å®ã®èš±å®¹ç¯å²å ã§ã
ãããããã°åŸãããå¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯å®è³ªäž
å·®ããªããåãåã³çŽåŸåºæºãæºè¶³ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ã
ãã²ã³åéç²åã®æ圱é¢ç©ãç©ç®ãããŸããã®é¡
埮é¡åçäžã®æ®ãã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã®æ圱é¢ç©
ãå¥ã«ç©ç®ãããããŠãããïŒã€ã®ç©ç®å€ããã
åãããã³çŽåŸåºæºãæºè¶³ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããã
ã²ã³åéç²åå šäœã®æ圱é¢ç©äžã«å ããçŸåçã
ç®åºããããšãã§ããã äžè¿°ã®æ±ºå®ã«ãããŠåã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«
æªæºã®æšæºå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããåçç¹æ§ã«å£ãããå
ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšåºå¥ããããã«éžå®ãããæšæºç²
åãšããŠã¯å°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®çŽ
åŸãæãããã®ãéžãã ããšããã®ã¯ãçŽåŸãã
ãå°ãããšé¡åŸ®é¡åçã§å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åãšãå¿ ãããåºå¥ã§ããªãããã§ãããåœæ¥ç
ã§åºã䜿ãããŠããçšèªãæ圱é¢ç©ïŒãããžãšã¯
ã·ãšã³ã»ãšãŒãªã¢ãŸãã¯ãããžãšã¯ãã€ãã»ãšãŒ
ãªã¢ïŒãã«ã€ããŠã¯äŸãã°ãžãšãŒã ãºïŒJamesïŒ
ããã³ãã®ã³ã¹ïŒHigginsïŒããåççè«ã®åºç€
ïŒFundamentals of Photographic TheoryïŒãã
ã¢ã«ã¬ã³ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã¢ã«ã¬ã³ïŒããŠãŒãšãŒã¯ïŒ
p.15ãåç §ããããã æ¬çºæã®ç¹å®ã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãä¹³å€
ã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯æ¬è³ªçã«ã¯ãšãŠå¡©åéãã
ãªããã¯ããªãã®ããããã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã«æ¯ã¯ïŒïŒ
ïŒãŸã§ã®ç¯å²ããšãåŸããåççã«æå¹ãªæ¹è³ªå¹
æã¯çŽïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ãšäœãã¯ããªãæ¿åºŠã«ããçã
ããïŒã30ïŒ ã®ã¯ããªãæ¿åºŠã奜ãŸãããæ¬çºæ
ã®å®æœã«ã¯ïŒã20ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠãæé©ã§ãããæ®
ãã®ãã©ã€ãã¯æ¬è³ªçã«ã¯ãããããããªã€ãŠã
ãŠãããã¯ããªãã®ããããã«å¯Ÿããå²åã¯ç²å
ãéããŠå®è³ªçã«åäžã§ãããäžè¿°ããç¯å²å ã«
ãããŠææã«å€ãåŸããã¯ããªã察ããããã®å²
åãäžå€®é åããåšå²ã®ç°ç¶ç²åé åãŸã§å¢å ã
ãããã«ããããšãã§ããããã®å¢å ã¯äžé£ç¶ã®
ãã®ã§ãã€ãŠãããããããã¯åŸã ã«å€åããã
ã®ã§ãã€ãŠããããã¯ããªã察ããããã®å²åã
éã«ãªã€ãŠãããããŸããã¯ããªã察ããããã®
å²åã¯ç²åè¡šé¢ã«é£æ¥ããç°ç¶ç²åé åã«å¯ŸããŠ
å¢å ãããŠããæžå°ãããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãéãã¯ããªãåã³ãã
ããã«å ããŠãå¿ èŠãšããããã§ã¯ãªãããã©
ãããšãŒãžããå«ãããšãã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åäž
ã«ååšãããšãŒãžãã®éã¯ãæ¢è¿°ã®ã¯ããªã察ã
ãããã®å²åãä¿æãããéããåºãå€ãåŸãã
ãšãŒãžãã®å¯èœãªç¯å²ã¯ãã®ç²åå ã«ãããäœçœ®
ã«äŸåããããšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠã¯ãç²åã®æ žåœ¢æå³ã¡
ç²åã®äžå€®åã¯ãã®ä»è¿ã®åœ¢æã®éãçŽïŒã¢ã«ïŒ
æªæºãæé©ã«ã¯0.05ïŒ æªæºã§ããã®ãäžè¬ã«å¥œãŸ
ãããæ žåœ¢æåŸïŒå³ã¡æšªæ¹ååšå²ã®ç°ç¶ç²åéšå
ãæé·ããã€ã€ããéïŒã«ãããŠã¯ããšãŠåéã®
æé·ãã€ã€ããèå¡©åéçµæ¶é åã«ããã溶解床
éçãŸã§ã®ã¯ããã«é«ããšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠãå¯èœã§ã
ããåŸã€ãŠãç°ç¶ç²åé åã«ããããšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠ
ã¯ããé«ããŠãããããããã奜ãŸããã¯20ã¢ã«
ïŒ æªæºãæé©ã«ã¯15ã¢ã«ïŒ æªæºã§ãããç°ç¶ç²å
é åã®ãšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®æ žåœ¢æã®éã«
ååšãããšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠããé«ãå Žåã«ã¯ãå®æã
ããä¹³å€ã«å¯Ÿããå¹æã¯ããšãŒãžãã®ãã€ã°ã¬ãŒ
ã·ãšã³ãæ²æŸ±ã®éã«çããã®ã§ãäžå€®ç²åé åã®
ãšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠãäžããããšãšãªãããšãŒãžãã®ã
ã€ã°ã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã®çšåºŠã¯ãã¡ããæ²æŸ±ã®æ¡ä»¶ãç¹
ã«ããã²ã³åéã®æº¶è§£æ§åã³çæã«åœ±é¿ãäžãã
æ¡ä»¶ãšãšãã«å€ããã§ãããã æ¬çºæã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åã®ãšãŒãžãæ¿
床ã¯ãäžèšã®èæ ®ç¹ã«ãã€ãŠãå šäœã«åäžã§ãã€
ãŠãããããããã¯ææã«å€ããããŠããããç°
ç¶ç²åé åã«ãããŠã¯ããé«ãïŒå°ãªããšãïŒã¢
ã«ïŒ é«ãïŒãšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠãæããããšãã§ããã
ç²åäžã®ãšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠå¢å ãæ¥æ¿ã«ãããã¯åŸã
ã«å¢ãããšãã§ããããšãŒãžãæ¿åºŠãäžå€®ç²åé
åãšç°ç¶ç²åé åãšã®éã§å¢å ããã次ãã§ç²å
ã®å€åŽã®ãšããžã«åã€ãŠåã³äœäžãããããšãã§
ããã ã¯ããªããšãããããšãå«ãç°ç¶ç²åé åãå°
ãªããšãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯æ²
柱ããã»ã¹ã«ãã調補ããããšãã§ãããã®ãã
ã»ã¹ããŸãæ¬çºæã®äžéšã圢æãããå¹ççãªæ¬
ææ©æ§ãåããåžžçšãããããã²ã³åéæ²æŸ±çæ
çšåå¿åšäžã«åæ£åªãå ¥ãããéåžžæåã®æ®µéã§
åå¿åšäžã«å ¥ããåæ£åªã®éã¯æçµç²åæ²æŸ±çæ
段éã§ä¹³å€äžã«ååšããåæ£åªã®åèšééã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠå°ãªããšãçŽ10ééïŒ ã奜ãŸããã¯20ã100é
éïŒ ã§ããããã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±ç¬¬866645å·ïŒãã©ã³ã¹
ç¹èš±ç¬¬2471620å·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããïŒã«æ瀺ãããåŠãã
åæ£åªã¯ç²åæ²æŸ±çæéçšã§é å¿åé¢ã«ãã€ãŠå
å¿åšããé€å»ããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãæåã«åå¿
åšäžã«ååšããããåæ£åªã®éã¯æçµç²åæ²æŸ±ç
æ段éã§åå¿åšäžã«ååšããä¹³å€ã®éãšçéãŸã
ã¯ãã以äžã«ããããããšãã§ãããåå¿åšäžã«
æåã«å ¥ããåæ£åªãšããŠã¯ãæ°ŽãŸãã¯è§£è å€ã®
æ°Žäžåæ£äœã§ãã€ãŠããã®åæ£åªã¯å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠ
ä»ã®æåãäŸãã°ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®ããã²ã³åé
çæå€ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯åŸã§è©³è¿°ããéå±ããŒãå€
ïŒããŒãã³ãïŒãé åããã解è å€ãæåã«ååš
ããããå Žåãã®æ¿åºŠã¯æ²æŸ±çæã®æçµæ®µéã§å
åšãã解è å€å šéã®å°ãªããšã10ïŒ ãç¹ã«å°ãªã
ãšã20ïŒ ã§ããããšã奜ãŸãããéããã³ãã©ã€
ãå¡©ãšå ±ã«åå¿åšäžã«è¿œå ã®åæ£åªãå ãããã
ããã¯å¥ã®ãžãšããããå°å ¥ããããšãã§ããã
äžè¬ã«ã¯ãç¹ã«è§£è å€ã®å²åãå¢å€§ããããã«ã
ã©ã€ãå¡©å°å ¥ãå®äºããåŸã«åæ£åªã®å²åã調ç¯
ããã ã¯ããªãåã³ãããããäžå€®ç²åé åã«å«ãå¹³
æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åã圢æããããããªããã»
ã¹ã®å¥œãŸããå®æœã«ãããŠã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®çæ
ã«çšããã¯ããªãåã³ããããå¡©ã®å°éãéåžžã¯
10ã¢ã«ïŒ æªæºãæåã«åå¿å®¹åšäžååšããããŠã
æ²æŸ±çæã®éå§æã«ãããåæ£åªäžã®ããã²ã³ã€
ãªã³æ¿åºŠã調æŽãããã¯ããªãåã³ããããã€ãª
ã³ãäžèšã®ãããªæ¿åºŠåã³éæ¯ã«ãããŠååšãåŸ
ãããã©ããåå¿åšäžã®åæ£åªã¯åãã«0.05ã¢ã«
æ¿åºŠæªæºã®ãšãŒãžãã€ãªã³ãå«ã¿ãåœåã¯ãšãŒãž
ãã€ãªã³ãå«ãŸãªãã®ã奜ãŸããããšããã®ã¯ã
éãã¯ããªãåã³ããããå¡©ã®åæå°å ¥ã®åã«å
å¿åšäžã«ãšãŒãžãã€ãªã³ãååšãããšãã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ã®äœãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãçæãæãããã§ããã æ²æŸ±ãçæããããéãåœæ¥è ã«åšç¥ã®ææ³ã«
åŸã€ãŠãéãã¯ããªããããããããã³ææã«ã
ããšãŒãžãå¡©ãåå¿åšã«å ãããéåžžãã©ã€ãå¡©
ã®å°å ¥ãšåæã«åå¿åšäžã«ç¡é žéã®ãããªå¯æº¶æ§
éå¡©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãå°å ¥ããããŸãããã©ã€ãå¡©ã¯é
åžžãïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®å¯æº¶æ§ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã¢ã«
ã«ãªéå±ïŒäŸãã°ããããªãŠã ãŸãã¯ã«ãªãŠã ïŒ
ãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ïŒäŸãã°ããã°ãã·ãŠã
ãŸãã¯ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒãã©ã€ãå¡©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã®ãããª
塩氎溶液ãšããŠå°å ¥ãããéå¡©ã¯å°ãªããšãåœå
ã¯ãã©ã€ãå¡©ãšã¯å¥ã«åå¿åšäžã«å°å ¥ããããã©
ã€ãå¡©ã¯åå¿åšäžã«å¥ã ã«å ããŠãããããæ··å
ç©ãšããŠå°å ¥ããŠãããã éããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ã氎溶液ãšããŠå°å ¥ããã®
ã«ä»£ããŠãéããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ãåæ£åªã«æžæ¿ã
ã埮现ãªããã²ã³åéç²åã®åœ¢æ ã§åœåã«ãŸãã¯
æé·æ®µéã§å°å ¥ããããšãã§ãããç²åãµã€ãº
ã¯ãåå¿åšäžã«å°å ¥ãããæã«ãååšãåŸããã
倧ããªç²åæ žäžãžå®¹æã«ãªã¹ãã¯ã«ãçæããçš
床ã§ãããæçšãªæ倧ç²åãµã€ãºã¯åå¿åšå ã®æ¡
件ãå³ã¡æž©åºŠäžŠã³ã«å¯æº¶ååã³çæå€ã®ååŠã«äŸ
åããã§ããããèåéãå¡©åéããã³ïŒãŸãã¯
æ··åããã²ã³åéç²åãå°å ¥ããããšãã§ããã
ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯éåžžã«åŸ®çŽ°ãªãäŸãã°ãå¹³å
çŽåŸã0.1ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®ãã®ã§ããã
ãšãæãŸããã ã¯ããªããäžèšã«è¿°ã¹ãå²åã§å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åäžã«
é åããããããã«ã¯ãã¯ããªãã€ãªã³ãããã
ãã€ãªã³ãããã¯ããã«é«ãå²åã§åå¿å®¹åšäžã«
ååšããããšãå¿ é ã§ãããç¹ã«ãå¹³æ¿ç²åäžã®
ã¯ããªã察ããããã®ã¢ã«æ¯ãïŒïŒ99ã«ãããã
ã«ã¯ã1.6ïŒïŒã®ã¯ããªã察ããããã€ãªã³ã®ã¢
ã«æ¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ååšãããªããã°ãªããªãã
å¹³æ¿ç²åäžã®ã¯ããªã察ããããã®ã¢ã«æ¯ãïŒïŒ
ïŒã«é«ããããã«ã¯ãæ²æŸ±çæã®æž©åºŠã«äŸåã
ãŠãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®ã¯ããªãã€ãªã³å¯Ÿããããã€ãª
ã³ã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã258ïŒïŒã«å¢å ãããããšãå¿ èŠã§
ããããåå¿å®¹åšäžã®ã¯ããªãåã³ããããã€ãª
ã³éæ¯ã®åã³å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åäžã«åŸãããã¯ããªãå
ã³ããããã®ä»£è¡šçãªã¢ã«æ¯é¢ä¿ãã30åã³90â
ãšãã極端ãªæ²æŸ±çæ枩床åã³40ã80âã®å¥œãŸã
ãæ²æŸ±çæ枩床ç¯å²å ã®55âãšããæ²æŸ±çæ枩床
ã«å¯ŸããŠãäžèšã®è¡šã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
è¡šã«ã¯ä»£è¡šçãªå€ã®ã¿ãäžããããŠãããã
ã©ãããã®ä»ã®å€ã¯å€æ¿åã¯å æ¿ã«ããæ±ããã
ãšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åãåŸãã
ãã«ã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ååšããããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã®
åèšæ¿åºŠãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãæŽã«å¿ èŠã§ã
ããçŽ0.10ã0.90Nã®ç¯å²ã®åå¿å®¹åšå åèšãã
ã²ã³ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãã¯ããªãåã³ããããã®æ²æŸ±ã«
å¹³æ¿ç¶çµæ¶ç¹æ§ãäžããããã«å¿ èŠã§ãããå ±æ²
柱ã®éã«çæãããææã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã®å²åãæ倧ã«ããããã«ã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®
åèšããã²ã³ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãçŽ0.30ãçŽ0.60Nã®ç¯
å²ã«ä¿æããã®ã奜ãŸããã äžèšã®æ²æŸ±çæããã»ã¹ã¯ãã¯ããªãåã³ãã
ãããå«ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®æ žã®åœ¢æåã³ç²åæ žã®æ
æã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²ååãåã³ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãžã®æé·ã®
äž¡æ¹ã®ããã«çšããããšãã§ããããããã¯ãæ²
柱çæããã»ã¹ã¯ãå¹³æ¿çµæ¶ç¹æ§ã®ã¯ããªãåã³
ãããããäºã圢æããåã¯åå¿å®¹åšäžã«å°å ¥ã
ããããã²ã³åéç²åäžã«å ±æ²æŸ±ãããããã«çš
ããããšãã§ããããã®æ æ§ã«ãããŠãæ¬çºæã®
æ¹æ³ã¯éãã¯ããªããããããåã³ãææã«ã
ãããšãŒãžããå«ãç°ç¶ç²åé åã®ã¿ãçæãã
ãããã«çšããããã ãã®çºæã®æ¹æ³ãç°ç¶ç²åé åã®ã¿ã圢æãã
ããã«çšããããå ŽåãåŸãããç²åã®äžå€®é å
ã圢æããããã²ã³åéã¯ç²åã®æšªåšå²ã®ç°ç¶é
åã圢æããããã«å°å ¥ãããããã²ã³åéã®æº¶
解床ãšçãããåã¯ãããããäœã溶解床ãæã
ããããªãããªãããã²ã³çµæãæããŠããŠãã
ããæ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãäžå€®ç²å
é åã圢æããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ã§ã
ããå®æãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ææã®åãããã倧
ãããªãåããæãããäžå€®ç²åé åã圢æãã
ç²åã¯é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®ãã®ã§ãã€ãŠããããã
ããïŒïŒïŒãã倧ããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæããå¿ èŠ
ã¯ãªããäžå€®ç²åé åã圢æããããã²ã³åéç²
åã®ããã®èš±å®¹å¯èœãªã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯äžå€®é åã«
ãã圢æãããã¹ãç²åã®å²åã«äŸåããŠå€ãã
ã§ããããäŸãã°ãããäžå€®ç²åé åãç²åå šäœ
ã®99ïŒ ãå ããã¹ãã§ãããªãã°ããããå¹³æ¿ç¶
ã§ãããšããã ãã§ãªããå®æãããç²åãïŒïŒ
ïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã瀺ãããã«ã¯ïŒïŒïŒã«æ¥µ
ããŠè¿ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ããæããŠããªããã°ãªã
ãªãããšã¯æããã§ãããäžæ¹ãããäžå€®ç²åé
åãå®æãããç²åã®ïŒïŒ ã ããå ããã®ã§ãã
ã°ãäžå€®ç²åé åã圢æããç²åã®åæã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ã¯ïŒïŒïŒã§ãã€ãŠãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯åã
ã«ååšããç²åç¶ãžã®æ²æŸ±ã«ãããŠç°ç¶ç²åé å
äžã«ååšããã¯ããªãåã³ããããã«ããå°ãªã
ãšãïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã容
æã«çæããããšãã§ãããäžå€®ç²åé åã«å¯Ÿã
ãããã²ã³çµæã®åã ã®éžå®åã³äžå€®ç²åé åã«
ããå ããããå šäœç²åã®å²åã¯ç¹å®ã®åççšé
ã«äŸåããŠå€ããã§ãããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ãçšããŠç°ç¶ç²åé åã圢æãã
ããšã«ãããäžå€®åã³ç°ç¶ç²åé åãç°ãªããã
ã²ã³çµæãæãããããªæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãçæããããšãã§ãããäŸã
ã°ãäžå€®ç²åé åãèåéãããªããå¡©åéåã³
èåéãç°ç¶ç²åé åã«ååšãããããªæ¬çºæã«
ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãçæããããšãã§ãããç¹
å®ã®æ æ§ã§ã¯ãäžå€®ç²åé åããèªäœãé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ãæãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšãŠèåéä¹³å€ã圢
æãã次ãã§æ¬çºæã«åŸã€ãŠå¡©åéåã³èåéã
å«ãç°ç¶ç²åé åã圢æããããšãå šé¢çã«åã¯
éšåçã«å¯èœã§ãããå¡©åéããäž»ãšããŠãªãçµ
æã®äžå€®ç²åé åã圢æããããšãå¯èœã§ããã
ãŸããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ãæé·ã®éã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã
é«ããããã«çšããããšãã§ãããããäžå€®ç²å
é åã¯å¿ ãããå®æç²åã«å¿ èŠãªã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã«
æé·ãããããå¿ èŠããªãã äžå€®ç²åé åã®ãšããžäžã«éãã¯ããªãããã
ããåã³ãææã«ããããšãŒãžããæ²æŸ±ãããŠç°
ãªãããã²ã³å«éã®ç°ç¶ç²åé åã圢æãããé
çšã«ãããŠãç°ç¶ç²åé åã®åœ¢æã§æ²æŸ±ãããã
ã²ã³åéã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®äž»èŠé¢ã圢æãããã®
ãšåæã«ãç°ç¶ç²åãšããžäžã«éžæçã«æ²æŸ±ã
ããåŸã€ãŠãæ²ç©ãé²ãã«ã€ããŠç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ã¯æŽã«é«ããªããéžã°ããç¹å®ã®æ²æŸ±çææ¡
件ã«ãã€ãŠã¯ãæ²æŸ±çæã®éã«ã³ã¢ãŒç²åé åã
幟ååããªãããšãçµéšãããããšãããããã
ãã圢æããã€ã€ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®äž»èŠé¢äžã®æ²
ç©ã¯ããããããšããŠããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç°ç¶ãšã
ãžäžã«ãããæ²ç©ãããäœéã§èµ·ãã äžè¿°ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºè¶³ãããããšãæ¡ä»¶ãšããŠãé
ããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ã®æ¿åºŠããã³å°å ¥é床ã¯åŸæ¥æ £
çšããããã®ãšåæ§ã§ãã€ãŠããããç¹ã«å¥œãŸã
ãæ²æŸ±çæææ³ã¯ãææ¥ã®éã«ãããéããã³ã
ã©ã€ãå¡©ã®å°å ¥é床ãå¢å€§ããããŠæ²æŸ±çææé
ãççž®ããããããšã§ãããéããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©
ã®å°å ¥é床ã¯ãåæ£åªäžŠã³ã«éããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©
ãå°å ¥ããé床ãå¢å€§ããããšã«ãã€ãŠããŸãã¯
å°å ¥ãããåæ£åªäžã®éããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ã®æ¿åºŠ
ãå¢å€§ããããšã«ãã€ãŠå¢å€§ããããããšãã§ã
ããéããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©å°å ¥é床ã¯å¢å€§ããããš
ãæãŸããããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3650757å·ãå第
3672900å·ãå第4242445å·ããã€ãç¹èš±åºé¡å ¬é
第2107118å·ããšãŒãããç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬80102242å·
ããã³ãŠãšã€ïŒWeyïŒåã³ã¹ããã°ïŒStrongïŒã
ããŒã©ãã³æº¶æ¶²äžã«ãããAgBrçµæ¶ã®æé·æ©æ§
ïŒGrowth Mechanism of AgBr Crystals in
Gelatin SolutionïŒããããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€
ãšã³ã¹ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ã21å·»ãNo.
ïŒã1977幎ïŒæâïŒæãã»14以éã«æ瀺ããã
ããã«å°å ¥é床ãæ°ããç²åæ žã®çæãèµ·ããæ
ãéçå€æªæºã«ä¿æããïŒå³ã¡åæ žçæãåé¿ã
ãããã«ïŒããšãç¹ã«æãŸããã æ¹è³ªçšååç©ãããã²ã³åéæ²æŸ±çæéçšã§å
åšããããããšãã§ããããã®ãããªååç©ã¯å
å¿åšäžã«æåã«ååšããããŠããããããŸãåžžæ³
ã«åŸã€ãŠïŒãããã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®å¡©ãå ãããšå ±ã«æ·»
å ããããšãã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1195432å·ã第
1951933å·ã第2448060å·ã第2628167å·ã第
2950972å·ã第3488709å·ã第3737313å·ã第
3772031å·ããã³ç¬¬4269927å·äžŠã³ã«ãªãµãŒãã»ã
ã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒã134å·»ã1975幎ïŒæãã¢ã€ã
ã 134å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«é ãã¿ãªãŠã ãéã
ãã¹ãã¹ãã«ãããŠã ãäºéãäžéã«ã«ã³ã²ã³
ïŒå³ã¡ãç¡«é»ãã»ã¬ã³åã³ãã«ã«ïŒãéããã³ç¬¬
å±è²Žéå±ã®ååç©ã®ãããªæ¹è³ªçšååç©ãããã²
ã³åéæ²æŸ±çæéçšã§ååšããããããšãã§ã
ãããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒåã³ãã®å身
ã§ãããããã¯ãã»ã©ã€ã»ã³ã·ã³ã°ã»ã€ã³ããã¯
ã¹ã¯è±åœïŒPO9â1EFïŒãã³ãã·ã€ãŒïŒããŒãã³
ãïŒããŒã ãŠãšã«ïŒã€ã³ãã¹ããªã¢ã«ã»ãªãããŠ
ããã€ãŒãºã»ãªããã€ããã®åè¡ç©ã§ãããã¢ã€
ã¶ãŒïŒMoiserïŒçããžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ããªã
ã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ïŒ25å·»ïŒ1977ïŒPP.19
â27ã«èšèŒãããããã«å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯æ²æŸ±ç
æéçšã«ãããŠå éšéå å¢æããããšãã§ããã ããããã®éå¡©ããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±
第3821002å·ãå第3031304å·ããã³ã¯ã©ãšã¹
ïŒCjaesïŒçãããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã·ãšã»ã³ã¬ã¹ãã³
ãã³ãïŒ102å·»ïŒ10å·ïŒ1967ïŒP.162ã«èšèŒããã
ãã«åé å²åã調æŽãäžã€åå¿åšå 容ç©ã®PHïŒ
PBrããã³ïŒãŸãã¯pAgã調æŽããããã«åé è£
眮ãå©çšããŠãŸãã¯ééäŸçµŠãå©çšããŠè¡šé¢ãã
ãã¯è¡šé¢äžäŸçµŠç®¡ãéããŠåå¿åšã«å ããããšã
ã§ãããåå¿åšäžã«åå¿æåãæ¥éã«åé ããã
ãã«ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2996287å·ãå第3342605å·ãå
第3415650å·ãå第3785777å·ãå第4147551å·å
ã³å第4171224å·ãè±åœç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬2022431Aãã
ã€ãç¹èš±åºé¡å ¬é第2555364å·ããã³å第2556885
å·äžŠã³ã«ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ166å·»ïŒ
1978幎ïŒæïŒã¢ã€ãã 16662ã«èšèŒãããããã«
ç¹å¥ã«ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãããæ··åè£ çœ®ãçšãã
ããšãã§ããããã®æ现æžã«èŠå®ããããã«ã
PHãpBråã³pAgã¯ããããæ°ŽçŽ ãèçŽ åã³éã€
ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®è² 察æ°ãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œã«ãããŠåæ£åªã¯åå¿åš
äžã«æåã«å ¥ããŠããã奜ãŸãã圢æ ã«ãããŠå
æ£åªã¯è§£è å€ã®æ°Žæ§åæ£æ¶²ãããªããåå¿åšäžã®
ä¹³å€æåå šééã«åºã¥ããŠ0.2ãçŽ10ééïŒ ã®è§£
è å€æ¿åºŠãæ¡çšããããšãã§ãããããã²ã³åé
ãçæããåããã³çæäžã«åå¿åšäžã«ããã解
è å€æ¿åºŠãå šééã«åºã¥ãçŽïŒïŒ æªæºã«ç¶æãã
äžã€ãæé©ã®ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ç¹æ§ãåŸãããããã«
åŸããä¹³å€ããã¯ã«ãå ããããšã«ãã€ãŠä¹³å€ã
ãã¯ã«æ¿åºŠãé«æ¿åºŠã«èª¿ç¯ããã®ãäžè¬çãªæ¹æ³
ã§ãããæåã«åœ¢æãããä¹³å€ã«ã¯ããã²ã³åé
ã¢ã«åœããçŽïŒã50ïœã®è§£è å€ã奜ãŸããã¯çŽ10
ã30ïœã®è§£è å€ãå«ãŸããããšãã§ãããè¿œå ã®
ããã¯ã«ã¯åŸããå ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãã®æ¿åºŠã
ããã²ã³åéã¢ã«åœãã1000ïœãšããé«ãå€ã«ãŸ
ã§é«ããããšãã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯æçµãšãã«ãž
ãšã³äžã®ããã¯ã«æ¿åºŠã¯ããã²ã³åéã¢ã«åœãã
50ïœãã倧ã§ãããåçèŠçŽ ã®è£œäœæã«ãããŠã³
ãŒãã€ã³ã°ããã³ä¹Ÿç¥ãè¡ãéããã¯ã«ã¯ä¹³å€å±€
ã®çŽ30ã70ééïŒ ãå ããããšãæãŸããã ããã¯ã«ïŒãã€ã³ããŒããã³è§£è å€ã®äž¡è ãå«
ãïŒã¯ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œã«åžžçšããããã®
ã®äžããéžã¶ããšãã§ããã奜ãŸãã解è å€ã¯èŠª
æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã§ãã€ãŠããããã¯åç¬ã§ããŸãç
æ°Žæ§ç©è³ªãšçµåãããŠçšããããšãã§ãããé©åœ
ãªèŠªæ°Žæ§ç©è³ªã«ã¯ãèçœè³ªãèçœè³ªèªå°äœãäŸã
ã°ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãšã¹ãã«ã®ãããªã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°
äœãäŸãã°ã¢ã«ã«ãªåŠçãŒã©ãã³ïŒç骚ãŸãã¯ç®
é©ãŒã©ãã³ïŒãŸãã¯é žåŠçãŒã©ãã³ïŒè±ç®ãŒã©ã
ã³ïŒã®ãããªãŒã©ãã³ãäŸãã°ã¢ã»ãã«åãŒã©ã
ã³ãã³ãã¿ã«åãŒã©ãã³ã®ãããªãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœ
ã®åŠãç©è³ªãå«ãŸããããããã®ããã¯ã«ããã³
ãã®ä»ã®ããã¯ã«ã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€
ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒã»ã¯ã·
ãšã³ã«èšèŒãããŠãããç¹ã«èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã
å«ãããã¯ã«ç©è³ªã¯ïŒãŸããããšå ±ã«çšããçæ°Ž
æ§ç©è³ªãïŒæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçèŠçŽ ã®ä¹³å€å±€äžã®ã¿
ãªãããäžå¡å±€ãäžé局䞊ã³ã«ä¹³å€å±€äžã«äœçœ®ã
ãå±€ã®ãããªä»ã®å±€äžã«é åããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œéçšã§ç²åã®çæãèµ·
ããåŸããå¡©åéã¯ãã®æº¶è§£åºŠãé«ãããã«çæ
å€ã«ãã圱é¿ãä»ã®ããã²ã³åéãããå°ãªãã
çæãä¿é²ããã®ã«æ¢ç¥ã®ããã²ã³åé溶å€ãæ
çšã§ãããäŸãã°ãçæãä¿é²ããã®ã«éå°éã®
ãããã€ãã€ãªã³ãåå¿åšäžã«ååšããããããš
ãç¥ãããŠãããããæ ããããã€ã塩溶液ãå
å¿åšäžã«å°å ¥ããã ãã§çæãä¿é²ãåŸãããšã¯
æããã§ãããä»ã®çæå€ãçšããããšãã§ãã
ãããããã®çæå€ã¯éããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ãæ·»å
ããåã«åå¿åšäžã®åæ£åªäžã«å šéãé åããŠã
ãããšãã§ãããããŸãïŒãããã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®ãã©
ã€ãå¡©ãéå¡©ãŸãã¯è§£è å€ãå ãããšå ±ã«åå¿åš
äžã«å°å ¥ããããšãã§ãããå¥ã®å€åœ¢æ æ§ãšã
ãŠãçæå€ããã©ã€ãå¡©ããã³éå¡©æ·»å 段éã§ç¬
ç«ããŠå°å ¥ããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯æŽæµ
ããŠå¯æº¶æ§å¡©é¡ãé€å»ãããå¯æº¶æ§å¡©é¡ã®é€å»
ã¯ããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ
1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒã»ã¯ã·ãšã³ã«èª¬
æãããããã«ãåŸãããéãããã³ïŒãŸãã¯
å·åŽæ²éããã³ãªãŒãã³ã°ã®ãããªããç¥ããã
ææ³ã«ãã€ãŠè¡ãããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠ
ã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®åãã®å¢å€§ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®äœ
æžããã³ïŒãŸãã¯çŽåŸã®é床ã®å¢å€§ãåé¿ããã
ãã«ãæ²æŸ±çæãå®äºããåŸå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®çæã
çµäºããéã«æŽæµããããšãç¹ã«æå©ã§ããã䜿
çšã«å ç«ã€ãŠãå¢æå€ãå«ããŸãã¯å«ãŸãªãä¹³å€
ã¯ä¹Ÿç¥ã貯èµããã äžè¿°ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²å調補æ¹æ³ã«åŸã
ã°ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã«å¯Ÿããåãåã³çŽåŸåºæºãæº
足ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå šããã²ã³åéç²åã®åèšæ
æ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã35ïŒ ãå ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã調補ããããšãã§ãããããã®
ãããªå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å²åãå¢å€§ããããšã«ãã€ãŠ
ãã倧ããªå©ç¹ãéæãããããšãèªããããã
åãåã³çŽåŸåºæºãæºè¶³ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åé
ç²åãå šææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã50ïŒ ãæŽã«å¥œãŸã
ãã¯å°ãªããšã70ïŒ ïŒæé©ã«ã¯å°ãªããšã90ïŒ ïŒ
ãå ããããšãæãŸãããå°éã®éå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã
ååšããŠãå€ãã®åççšéåéã§ã¯å šãåé¡ãèµ·
ããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å©ç¹ãåŸãããããå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã®å²åãå¢å€§ããããšãã§ããã倧ããªå¹³æ¿
ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãåžžçšãããåé¢æè¡ãäŸ
ãã°ãé å¿åé¢ãŸãã¯ãã€ãããµã€ã¯ãã³ãçšã
ãŠç²åæ··åç©äžã®å°ããªéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããåé¢ã
ãããšãã§ããããã€ãããµã€ã¯ãã³ã«ããåé¢
ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3326641å·ã«æ瀺ãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ããäžæŠåœ¢æãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ä¹³å€ã¯åœæ¥çã«ãããŠåšç¥ã®ææ³ã«ãã€ãŠéã§å
ã¿ãè¯éä¹³å€ãšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«
ãã調補ãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã«
éã圢æããã®ã«ãããªãåççã«æçšãªéå¡©ã
çšããããšãã§ãããéå¡©éã圢æããææ³ã¯ç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3367778å·ãå第3206313å·ãå第
3317322å·ãå第3917485å·ãå第4150994å·ãå
第4184877å·ããã³å第4184878å·ã«èšèŒãããŠã
ããåžžçšãããé圢æææ³ã¯é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åã®åœ¢æã«ã¯æå©ã§ã¯ãªããé圢æãé²ããš
ä¹³å€ã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãäœæžããããã§ããã
é圢æéçšã«ãããŠå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åçæã«æå©ãªæ¡ä»¶
ãåå¿åšäžã«ååšãããªãã°ãäžèšã«æŽã«è©³ãã
è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãé圢æã¯ç²åã®å€çžã«åªå çã«èµ·
ããããã®çµæã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯å¿ ãããäœäžããª
ãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ååŠçã«å¢æããããååŠçå¢æã¯
ã»ïŒšã»JamesïŒã¶ã»ã»ãªãªã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»ããªã
ã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ããã»ã¹ïŒç¬¬ïŒçïŒãã¯ãã©ã³ïŒ
1977ïŒpp.67â76ã«èšèŒãããããã«æŽ»æ§ãŒã©ã
ã³ãçšããŠè¡ãããšãã§ãããããŸããªãµãŒãã»
ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒ120å·»ïŒ1974幎ïŒæïŒã¢ã€ã
ã 12008ãïŒãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ134
å·»ïŒ1975幎ïŒæïŒã¢ã€ãã 13452ïŒç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
1623499å·ãå第1673522å·ãå第2399083å·ãå
第2642361å·ãå第3297447å·ãå第3297446å·ã
å第3772031å·ãå第3761267å·ãå第3857711å·ã
å第3565633å·ãå第3901714å·ããã³å第
3904415å·äžŠã³ã«è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1315755å·ããã³å第
1396696å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«pAg5ã10ïŒPHïŒã
ïŒããã³æž©åºŠ30ã80âã«ãããŠç¡«é»ãã»ã¬ã³ãã
ã«ã«ãéãçœéããã©ãžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠã ããªã¹
ããŠã ãããžãŠã ãã¬ããŠã ãããã¯çå¢æå€ãŸ
ãã¯ãããå¢æå€ã®è€æ°ã®çµåãããçšããŠè¡ã
ããšãã§ãããååŠå¢æã¯æé©ã«ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2642361å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«ããªã·ã¢ããŒãå
åç©ã®ååšäžã«ããŸãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2521926å·ãå
第3021215å·ããã³å第4054457å·ã«èšèŒãããã¿
ã€ãã®ç¡«é»å«æååç©ã®ååšäžã«è¡ããä»äžã
ïŒååŠå¢æïŒæ¹è³ªå€ã®ååšäžã«ååŠçã«å¢æãã
ããšãã§ãããçšããããä»äžãæ¹è³ªå€ã«ã¯ãã¢
ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãã¢ã¶ããªããžã³ãã¢ã¶ããªããžã³ã
ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã å¡©ã䞊ã³ã«ïŒãããã¯ïŒä»¥äž
ã®è€çŽ ç°æ žãæããå¢æå€ã®ããã«ãååŠå¢æã®
éçšã§ã«ããªãæå¶ãäžã€æ床ãå¢å€§ãããã®ãš
ããŠç¥ãããååç©ãçšãããããä»äžãæ¹è³ªå€
ã®äŸã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2131038å·ãå第3411914å·ã
å第3554757å·ãå第3565631å·ããã³å第
3901714å·ãã«ããç¹èš±ç¬¬778723å·ããã³ããã€
ã³ïŒDuffinïŒïŒããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãšãã«ãžãš
ã³ã»ã±ãã¹ããªãŒïŒããªãŒã«ã«ã»ãã¬ã¹ïŒ1966ïŒïŒ
ããŠãŒãšãŒã¯ïŒpp.138â143ã«èšèŒãããŠããã
ååŠå¢æã«å ããŠããŸãã¯ä»£æ¿ã«ãŠãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3891446å·ããã³å第3984249å·ã«èšèŒããããã
ã«ãäŸãã°æ°ŽçŽ ãçšããŠéå å¢æããããšãã§ã
ããããŸãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2983609å·ããªããããŒã«
ïŒOftedahlïŒä»ããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€
ãŒïŒ136å·»ïŒ1975幎ïŒæïŒã¢ã€ãã 13654ãç±³åœç¹
蚱第2518698å·ãå第2739060å·ãå第2743182å·ã
å第2743183å·ãå第3026203å·ããã³å第
3361564å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«å¡©å第äžé«ãäºé ž
åããªãŠã¬ã¢ãããªã¢ãã³ãã³ã¢ãã³ãã©ã³ãã
ãªéå å€ãçšããŠããŸãã¯äœpAgïŒäŸãã°ïŒæªæºïŒ
åã³ïŒãŸãã¯é«PHïŒäŸãã°ïŒãã倧ïŒåŠçã«ãã€
ãŠéå å¢æããããšãã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3917485å·ããã³å第3966476å·ã«èšèŒãããè¡šé¢
äžå¢æãå«ãè¡šé¢ååŠå¢æãè¡ãããšãã§ããã ååŠå¢æã«å ããŠãæ¬çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åå¡©åéä¹³å€ã¯ãåå å¢æããããšãã§
ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãšçµåãã
ãŠãå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®éããã³ãã€ãã¹éïŒå³ã¡
ç·ããã³èµ€ïŒéšåã«åžå極倧ã瀺ãåå å¢æè²çŽ
ãçšããããšãã§ãããå ããŠãç¹å¥ã®å©çšåé
ã§ã¯ãåå å¢æè²çŽ ãçšããŠãå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã
è¶ããåå æå¿ãæ¹è¯ããããšãã§ãããäŸã
ã°ãèµ€å€ç·åžååå å¢æå€ã®äœ¿çšãå¯èœã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã¯çš®ã ã®è²çŽ ãçšããŠåå å¢æã
ãããšãã§ãããçšããããè²çŽ ã«ã¯ãã·ã¢ã
ã³ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ãé¯ã·ã¢ãã³ããã³é¯ã¡ãã·ã¢
ãã³ïŒå³ã¡ãããªâãããã©âããã³å€âæ žãã¢
ãã³ããã³ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ïŒããªããœããŒã«ããã
ãªããœãŒã«ãã¹ããªã«ãã¡ãã¹ããªã«ããã³ã¹ã
ã¬ããã·ã¢ãã³ãå«ãããªã¡ãã³è²çŽ ãå«ãŸã
ãã ã·ã¢ãã³åå å¢æè²çŽ ã«ã¯ããããªããŠã ãã
ãªãžããŠã ãã€ãœãããªããŠã ã3Hâã€ã³ããª
ãŠã ããã³ããïœ ãã€ã³ããªãŠã ããªããµãŸãªãŠ
ã ããªããµãŸãªããŠã ããã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããã¢ãŸãª
ããŠã ãã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠã ãã»ã¬ããŸãªããŠã ãã€
ãããŸãªãŠã ãã€ãããŸãªããŠã ããã³ãŸããµãŸ
ãªããŠã ããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸ
ãªãŠã ããã³ãã€ãããŸãªãŠã ããããããµãŸãª
ãŠã ãããããã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããããã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠ
ã ããã¢ãŸãªããŠã ããžãããããããã¢ãŸãªãŠ
ã ãããªãªãŠã ããã³ã€ãããŸãã©ãžããŠã 第å
çŽå¡©ããå°ããããããªãã¡ãã³çµåã«ãã€ãŠçµ
åãããïŒã€ã®å¡©åºæ§è€çŽ ç°æ žãå«ãŸããã ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³åå å¢æè²çŽ ã«ã¯ããã«ãããŒã«
é žãïŒâããªãã«ãããŒã«é žãããŒããã³ããã
ã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâããªããã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâããªãã
ã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâãã©ãŸãªã³âïŒâãªã³ãïŒâã€ãœ
ããµãŸãªã³âïŒâãªã³ãã€ã³ãã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãª
ã³ãã·ã¯ããããµã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ãïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžãªããµã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ããã©ãŸãªã³âïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžãªã³ããã³ã¿ã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ããããªã«ãããããããªã«ã
ã€ãœãããªã³âïŒâãªã³ããã³ã¯ããã³âïŒïŒïŒ
âãžãªã³ããèªå°ããããããªé žæ§æ žãšã·ã¢ãã³
è²çŽ åã®å¡©åºæ§è€çŽ ç°æ žãšãã¡ãã³çµåã«ããçµ
åããããã®ãå«ãã ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®åå å¢æè²çŽ ãçšããããšã
ã§ããå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å šäœã«äºãæ³¢é·ã«æ倧æ床
ãæãäžã€éåžžã«ãã©ãšãã€ã«å¯ãåå æ床æ²ç·
圢ç¶ãæããè²çŽ ãç¥ãããŠãããè²çŽ ã®éžæã
ãã³çžå¯Ÿçãªå²åã¯å¢æãæãŸããŠããã¹ãã¯ã
ã«ã®é å䞊ã³ã«æãŸããŠããåå æ床æ²ç·ã®åœ¢ç¶
ã«äŸåãããéè€ããåå æ床æ²ç·ãæããè²çŽ
ã¯ãã°ãã°ãéè€é åã®ããããã®æ³¢é·ã«ããã
æ床ãåã ã®è²çŽ ã®æ床ã®åãšã»ãŒçããçµåã
ããã圢ã®æ²ç·ã瀺ããåŸã€ãŠãç°ãªãæ倧æ床
ãæããè€æ°ã®è²çŽ ãçµåãããŠçšããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠãåã ã®è²çŽ ã®æ倧æ床ã®äžéã«æ倧å€ãæ
ããåå æ床æ²ç·ãåŸãããšãã§ããã è€æ°ã®åå å¢æè²çŽ ãçµåãã䜿çšããããšã
ã§ããããã«ãã€ãŠè¶ å¢æãå³ã¡ãããåå é å
ã«ãããŠããããã®åå å¢æè²çŽ ã®äžæ¹ãåç¬ã§
ãããªãæ¿åºŠã«ãããŠçšããå Žåããã倧ããã
ãŸããããã®åå å¢æè²çŽ ã®å æçå¹æã«ç±æ¥ã
ãå¢æããã倧ããªåå å¢æãéæããããè¶ å¢
æã¯ãåå å¢æè²çŽ 䞊ã³ã«ä»ã®æ·»å å€ïŒäŸãã°å®
å®å€åã³ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€ãŸãã¯æå¶
å€ãã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å©å€ãèå å¢çœå€ããã³åž¯é»é²
æ¢å€ïŒã®éžã°ããçµåãã«ãã€ãŠéæããããè¶
å¢æã®åå ãšãªãåŸãããã€ãã®æ©æ§ããã³åå
ç©ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããããžã«ãã³ïŒGilmanïŒããè¶
å¢ææ©æ§ã®æŠèŠ³ïŒReview of the Mechanisms
of SupersensitizationïŒããããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»
ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ïŒ18å·»ïŒ
1974ïŒpp.418â430ã«èšèŒãããŠããã åå å¢æè²çŽ ã¯ãŸãä»ã®æ¹æ³ã§ä¹³å€ã«åœ±é¿ãäž
ããããŸããåå å¢æè²çŽ ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2131038å·ããã³å第3930860å·ã«é瀺ããããã
ã«ããã²ã³å容äœãŸãã¯é»åå容äœãã«ããªé²æ¢
å€ãŸãã¯å®å®å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€ãŸãã¯æå¶å€ãšããŠ
äœçšããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãå¢æããã®ã«æçšãªåå å¢
æå€ã®äžã«ã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒã
176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒã»ã¯ã·ãšã³
ã«èšèŒããããã®ãããããšãŒãžããåå å¢æ
ãæ¹åããããã«çšããå Žåã«ãç²åè¡šé¢ã«ååš
ãããã©ã€ãã眮ãæããããšãã§ããããã«ã
ãç²åããšãŠããã²ã³åéç²åã«å€æããããšã
ã§ããã éå¹³æ¿ç¶åã¯äœã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³å
éç²åãå«ãä¹³å€å±€ãåå å¢æããã®ã«åžžçšãã
ãéã®è²çŽ ãçšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®å®å š
ãªå©ç¹ãããããããã«ãæé©éïŒå³ã¡ãé²å æ¡
件äžã«ç²åããéæãåŸãæ倧åçæ床ã®å°ãªã
ãšã60ïŒ ãéæããã«ååãªéïŒã®åå å¢æè²çŽ
ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®ç²åè¡šé¢ã«åž
åããããããšãæãŸããã䜿çšããè²çŽ ã®é
ã¯ãçšããç¹å®ã®è²çŽ ãããã¯éžã°ããææã®çµ
åãã䞊ã³ã«ç²åã®å€§ããåã³ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã«åº
ã¥ããŠå€ããã§ããããæé©ã®åå å¢æããè¡šé¢
å¢æããã²ã³åéç²åã®å©çšå¯èœãªåèšè¡šé¢ç©ã®
çŽ25ã100ïŒ ãããã¯ãã以äžã«çžåœããååå
局被èŠéã«ãããŠææ©è²çŽ ãçšããå Žåã«éæã
ããããšã¯åçæè¡åéã«ãããŠç¥ãããŠããã
å³ã¡ããã®ããšã¯äŸãã°ããŠãšã¹ãïŒWestïŒçã
ãåçä¹³å€ã«ãããå¢æè²çŽ ã®åžçïŒThe
Adsorption of Sensitizing Dyes in
Photographic EmulsionsïŒãïŒãžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãª
ãã»ãã€ãžã«ã«ã»ã±ãã¹ããªãŒïŒ56å·»ïŒp1065ïŒ
1952ïŒã¹ãã³ã¹ïŒSpenceïŒçããå¢æè²çŽ ã®æžæ
ïŒDesensitzation of Sensitizing DyesïŒãïŒãžã€
ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ãã€ãžã«ãã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã³ãã€ãã»
ã±ãã¹ããªãŒïŒ56å·»ïŒïŒå·ïŒ1948幎ïŒæïŒ
pp.1090ã1103ïŒããã³ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3979213å·ã«èš
èŒãããŠããæé©ãªè²çŽ æ¿åºŠã¬ãã«ã¯ãã¡ãŒãº
ïŒMeesïŒãã»ãªãªãŒã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€
ãã¯ã»ããã»ã¹ïŒ1942ïŒãã¯ãã©ã³ïŒpp.1067ã
1069ïŒã«æ瀺ãããææ³ã«ããéžã°ããã åå å¢æã¯ããããŸã§æçšã§ãããšç¥ãããŠã
ãä¹³å€èª¿è£œã®ãããªã段éã«ãããŠè¡ãããšãã§
ããæãæ®éã«ã¯ãåå å¢æã¯ååŠå¢æã®å®äºåŸ
ã«åŒç¶ããŠè¡ããããããããªãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3628960å·åã³å第4225666å·ã«æ瀺ãããããã«
åå å¢æã¯ååŠå¢æãšåæã«è¡ãããšãã§ãããŸ
ãååŠå¢æã«å šãå ç«ã€ãŠè¡ãããšãã§ãããã
ã«ããã²ã³åéç²åæ²æŸ±çæã®å®äºåã«åå å¢æ
ãéå§ããããšãã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4225666å·
ã«æ瀺ãããããã«ãåå å¢æè²çŽ ãåããŠä¹³å€
äžã«å°å ¥ããããšãå³ã¡ãåå å¢æè²çŽ ã®äžéšã
ååŠå¢æã«å ç«ã€ãŠååšããããæ®éšãååŠå¢æ
ã®åŸã§å°å ¥ããããšãå¯èœã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4225666å·ãšã¯çžéããŠãããã²ã³åéã®80ïŒ ã
æ²æŸ±ããåŸã«åå å¢æè²çŽ ãä¹³å€ã«å ããããšã
ã§ãããååŠããã³ïŒãŸãã¯åå å¢æã®éçšã§åŸª
ç°ãå«ãpAg調ç¯ã«ãã€ãŠå¢æãé«ããããšãã§
ããpAg調ç¯ã®äŸã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€
ãŒïŒ181å·»ïŒ1979幎ïŒæïŒã¢ã€ãã 18155ã«èšèŒã
ããŠããã ïŒã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢æ ã«ãããŠãåå å¢æå€ã¯ã
ãã²ã³åéã®æ²æŸ±ã®çæã®å®äºåŸã§ãååŠå¢æã®
åã«ãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€äžã«æ··å ¥ããããšãã§ã
ãããŸããããå Žåã«ã¯ãä»äžãå€æ§å€ã®ãããª
ä»ã®åžçå¯èœç©è³ªãååŠå¢æã«å ç«ã€ãŠä¹³å€äžã«
å°å ¥ããããšã«ããåæ§ãªçµæãéæãããã åžçå¯èœç©è³ªãåãã€ãŠæ··å ¥ããããšãšã¯ç¬ç«
ããŠãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2642361å·ã«æ瀺ãããããã«
ååŠå¢æã®éçšã§éã«åºã¥ããŠçŽïŒÃ10-1ãïŒã¢
ã«ïŒ ã®ããªã·ã¢ããŒããçšããããšãæãŸããã
ååŠå¢æã®éçšã§ä»ã®çæå€ãçšããããšãã§ã
ãã äžè¿°ã®ææ³ã®ããããäžæ¹ãŸãã¯äž¡è ãšçµåã
ããŠããŸãã¯ããããšã¯ç¬ç«ããŠã第ïŒã®ææ³ãš
ããŠãåå å¢æããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³
å€ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®æå®ã®å¥ã
ã®äœçœ®ã§ååŠå¢æããã®ã奜ãŸãããåå å¢æè²
çŽ ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®äž»èŠè¡šé¢ã圢æããçµæ¶è¡šé¢ã«
åªå çã«åžçãããããšã«ãã€ãŠãååŠå¢æãå¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åã®äºãã«ç°ãªãçµæ¶è¡šé¢ã§éžæçã«èµ·ã
ãåŸããã®ãšæããããéžæçã«åžåãããè²çŽ
ãšãšãã«çããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã³ãŒããŒã«ãããã
ãã²ã³åéã®æ²ç©ã¯ç²åã®æ床ãå¢å€§ããããã
ã®åŸéåžžã®ååŠå¢æã¯ä¹³å€ã®æ床ãå¢å€§ãããã
ããšãã§ããã ãã¹ãŠã®å©ç¹ãéæããããã«å¿ ãããå¿ èŠã§
ã¯ãªãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã¯ä»£è¡šçãªå®çšç補
é æ³ã«åŸãã°æé©ã«ååŠããã³åå å¢æãããã
å³ã¡ãå¯èœãªäœ¿çšããã³åŠçæ¡ä»¶äžã«å¢æã¹ãã¯
ãã«é åã«ãããŠãããã®ç²åããéæãããæ
倧logæ床ã®å°ããšã60ïŒ ã«çžåœããæ床ãéæ
ããããšãæãŸããã®ã§ãããããã§logæ床ãš
ã¯100ïŒïŒâlogEïŒãæå³ãããã®åŒã«ãããŠïŒ¥
ã¯ã«ããªäž0.1ã®æ¿åºŠã«ãããŠã¡ãŒãã«âãã€ã³
ãã«âç§ã§è¡šç€ºããé²å éã§ãããä¹³å€å±€äžã®ã
ãã²ã³åéç²åãäžæŠç¹åŸŽã¥ãããªãã°ãããç
æç©ãä»ã®è£œé è ã®å¹æµãåŸãååã«é¢ããŠæé©
ã«ååŠããã³åå å¢æãããŠãããåŠãã¯ãã補
ååæããã³æ§èœè©äŸ¡ãè¡ãããšã«ããå€æãã
ããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®é®®é床ã®å©ç¹ãéæãã
ããã«ã¯ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãå¹ççã«åã¯éå¹
ççã«ååŠå¢æåã¯åå å¢æãããŠãããã©ãã
ãšããããšã¯éèŠã§ã¯ãªãã äžè¿°ã®ããã«æ²æŸ±çææ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠäžæŠå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åä¹³å€ãçæããããæŽæµããå¢æãããªã
ã°ãåžžçšãããåççšæ·»å å€ãé åããããšã«ã
ããããã®èª¿è£œãå®äºããããšãã§ãããããŠã
ãããã¯éåãçæãã¹ãåçå¿çšåéãäŸã
ã°ãéåžžã®é»çœåçã«å¿çšããããšãã§ããã éåã圢æããããšãæå³ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³
å€ãæããåçèŠçŽ ã¯ãåŠçã®éã«è¿œå ã®ç¡¬èå€
ãé åããå¿ èŠããªãçšåºŠã«åå硬èåããããš
ãã§ããããã®ç¡¬èåã«ãã€ãŠãåæ§ã«ç¡¬èåã
äžã€åŠçãããéå¹³æ¿ç¶ãŸãã¯é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã
ãäœãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãçšããå
çèŠçŽ ãšæ¯èŒããŠé被èŠåãå¢å€§ããããšãã§ã
ããç¹ã«ãé»çœåçèŠçŽ ã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åä¹³å€å±€ããã³ãã®ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ãã
ãããã®å±€ã®èšæœ€åºŠã200ïŒ æªæºã«äœæžããã«å
åãªçšåºŠç¡¬èåããããšãã§ãããããã§ãèšæœ€
åºŠïŒ ã¯ã(a)åçèŠçŽ ã38âããã³çžå¯Ÿæ¹¿åºŠ50ïŒ ã«
ãããŠïŒæ¥éç¶æãã(b)å±€ã®åãã枬å®ãã(c)å
çèŠçŽ ã20âã®èžçæ°Žäžã«ïŒåé浞挬ãã次ãã§
(d)å±€ã®åãå€åã枬å®ããããšã«ãã決å®ãã
ããéåã®åœ¢æãæå³ããåçèŠçŽ ãåŠç液äžã«
硬èå€ãé åããå¿ èŠããªãçšåºŠã«ç¡¬èåããã
ãšã¯ç¹ã«æãŸããããã©ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã®
硬èåã®çšåºŠã¯ãããªãåžžçšãããæ°Žæºã§ãã€ãŠ
ããããããã«ãåŠç液äžã«ç¡¬èåãé åããã
ãšãå¯èœã§ããããã®ããšã¯ãç¹ã«ã©ãžãªã°ã©ã
ã€ãŒææã®åŠçã«é¢ããŠã§ã¯ããããäŸãã°ããª
ãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ãããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ184å·»ïŒ1979幎ïŒ
æïŒã¢ã€ãã 18431ïŒïŒ«é ã«èšèŒãããŠããã 代衚çãªé å硬èå€ïŒå硬èå€ïŒã¯ãªãµãŒãã»
ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€
ãã 17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒãããŠããã ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978
幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒããããã
ã«ãå®å®å€ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ããã³ã¯é²æ¢å€ãæœå
å®å®å€ããã³åæ§ãªæ·»å å€ãã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°åã«ä¹³
å€åã³é£æ¥å±€ã«æ··å ¥ããããšã«ããããã¬åä¹³å€
ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ã«ãããæå°æ¿åºŠïŒå³ã¡ã«ããªïŒã
å¢å€§ãããŸãã¯çŽæ¥ããžåä¹³å€ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ã«ã
ããæå°æ¿åºŠãå¢å€§ãããããã¯æ倧æ¿åºŠãäœæž
ããããäžå®å®æ§ãã解æŸããããšãã§ãããC.
E.K.ã¡ãŒãºïŒMeesïŒïŒã¶ã»ã»ãªãªãŒã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»
ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ããã»ã¹ïŒç¬¬ïŒçïŒãã¯ã
ã©ã³ïŒ1954ïŒpp.677â680ã«èšèŒãããããã«ã
ä¹³å€ã«æå¹ãªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã®å€ãã¯ãŸãçŸåå€ã«
é åããããšãã§ãããŸãïŒïŒïŒã®äžè¬çãªèŠåº
ãã®ããšã«åé¡ããããšãã§ããã ã¢ã«ãããã¿ã€ãã®ç¡¬èå€ãçšããããå Žåã
ä¹³å€å±€ã¯éåžžã®ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã«ããä¿è·ããããš
ãã§ããã å¢æå€ã硬èå€ã䞊ã³ã«ã«ããªé²æ¢å€åã³å®å®
å€ã®ä»ã«çš®ã ã®åžžçšãããåççšæ·»å å€ãååšã
ãããããšãã§ããã䜿çšããæ·»å å€ã®å ·äœçãª
éžåºã¯åçå©çšåéã«ãããç¹æ§ã«äŸåããåœæ¥
è ãªãã°å®¹æã«éæãåŸããçš®ã ã®æçšãªæ·»å å€
ã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978
幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ã«èšèŒãããŠãããåæ
ç®ã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒãããããã«èå
å¢çœå€ãé åããããšãã§ããããŸããåæç®
é ã«èšèŒãããåŠããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ããã³å
çèŠçŽ ã®å¥ã ã®å±€äžã«åžåæ§åã³æ£ä¹±æ§ç©è³ªãçš
ããããšãã§ããããŸããXIé ã«èšèŒãããåŠ
ããã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å©å€ããã³XIIé ã«èšèŒãããåŠ
ãå¯å¡å€ããã³æ»å€ãååšããããããšãã§ã
ããé ã«èšèŒãããããã«åž¯é»é²æ¢å±€ãååš
ããããããšãã§ãããæ·»å ç©ã®æ·»å æ¹æ³ã¯
é ã«èšèŒãããŠãããé ã«èšèŒãããããã«
è·æ¶å€ãé åããããšãã§ãããææãªãã°ã
é ããã³XIé ã«èšèŒãããããã«çŸåå€ãã
ã³çŸåå€æ§å€ãé åããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã«
ä¿ãä¹³å€ãå«ãåçèŠçŽ ã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒåéã§
å©çšããå Žåã«ã¯ã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒèŠçŽ ã®ä¹³å€ã
ãã³ãã®ä»ã®å±€ãäžã«åŒçšãããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹
ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒã¢ã€ãã 18431ã«å ·äœçã«èšèŒã
ãããããªã圢æ ãšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã«
ä¿ãä¹³å€äžŠã³ã«åçèŠçŽ äžã«ä»ã®åžžçšããããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãäžéå±€ããªãŒããŒã³ãŒãããã³
äžå¡å±€ãååšããããå Žåãããã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ã
ã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ã
ã 17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒãããåŠãã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°
ãã也ç¥ããããšãã§ããã åœæ¥è éã«ç¢ºç«ãããæ £è¡ã«åŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã«ä¿
ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãçžäºã«ãŸãã¯
ããããšåžžçšãããä¹³å€ãšããã¬ã³ãããããšã«
ãã€ãŠç¹å®ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã«èŠæ±ãããç¹æ§ãæºè¶³ãã
ããããšãã§ãããäŸãã°ãè€æ°ã®ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³
ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠãæå®ç®çãæºè¶³ããããã«
åçèŠçŽ ã®ç¹æ§æ²ç·ã調ç¯ããããšãã§ãããã
ã¬ã³ãã«ãã€ãŠãé²å ããã³åŠçã«ãã€ãŠéæã
ããæ倧匷床ãå¢å€§ãããŸãã¯äœæžããæå°æ¿åºŠ
ãäœæžãããŸãã¯å¢å€§ããäžã€ç¹æ§æ²ç·ã®åœ¢ç¶ã
ã€ãŸå ãšè©éšã®éã§èª¿ç¯ããããšãã§ããããã®
çºã«æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãäžèšãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯
ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã
17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒããããããªåžžçšããããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšãã¬ã³ãããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãçšããåçèŠçŽ ã¯ãæãå
çŽãªåœ¢æ ã§ã¯ãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åèå¡©åé
ä¹³å€ãå«ãåäžä¹³å€å±€ãšåçæ¯æäœãå«ãããã¡
ãããïŒä»¥äžã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€äžŠã³ã«ãªãŒã
ãŒã³ãŒããäžå¡å±€ããã³äžéå±€ãå«ãŸããããšã
ã§ãããäžè¿°ã®ããã«ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³ãããããšã«
代ããŠãã¬ã³ããã¹ãä¹³å€ãããããå¥ã®å±€ãšã
ãŠã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ããããšã«ãã€ãŠåæ§ãªå¹æãé
æããããšãã§ãããä¹³å€å±€ãå¥ã ã«ã³ãŒãã€ã³
ã°ããŠé²å 蚱容ç¯å²ãåŸãããšã¯åçæè¡åéã«
ãããŠåšç¥ã§ãã€ãŠãããšãªã¯ãã³ïŒZelikmanïŒ
ããã³ã¬ãïŒLeviïŒãã¡ãŒãã³ã°ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã³ãŒ
ãã€ã³ã°ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãšãã«ãžãšã³
ãºïŒããªãŒã«ã«ãã¬ã¹ïŒ1964幎ïŒpp.234â238ïŒ
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3663228å·ããã³è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬923045å·
ã«èšèŒãããŠãããããã«ãé«æ床ããã³äœæ床
ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³ãã§ã¯ãªãå¥ã ã®å±€ã«ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°
ããããšã«ãã€ãŠåçæ床ãå¢å€§ãããåŸãããš
ãåçæè¡åéã«ãããŠåšç¥ã§ãããéåžžé«æ床
ä¹³å€å±€ã¯äœæ床乳å€å±€ãããé²å æºã«è¿ãäœçœ®ã«
ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ããããã®ææ³ã¯ïŒãŸãã¯ãã以äž
ç©å±€ããä¹³å€å±€ã®èª¿è£œã«å¿çšããããšãã§ããã
ãã®ãããªå±€æ§æã¯æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã®å®æœã«ã
ããŠãå©çšå¯èœã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã®å±€ã¯çš®ã ã®æ¯æäœäžã«ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°
圢æããããšãã§ããã代衚çãªåçæ¯æäœã«ã¯
éåäœãã€ã«ã ãæšæç¹ç¶ïŒäŸãã°çŽïŒãéå±ã·
ãŒãããã³ããªã€ã«ãã¬ã©ã¹ããã³ã»ã©ããã¯æ¯
æäœèŠçŽ ãããããããã¯æ¯æäœè¡šé¢ã®æ¥çæ§ã
垯é»é²æ¢æ§ã寞æ³å®å®æ§ãèæ©èæ§ã硬ããæ©æŠ
ç¹æ§ããã¬ã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢æ§ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®
ä»ã®ç¹æ§ãåäžããçºã«ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®äžå¡å±€
ã圢æããããšãã§ããããããã®æ¯æäœã¯åœæ¥
çã«ãããŠåšç¥ã§ãã€ãŠãäŸãã°ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€
ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã
17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒãããŠããã åæ°ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã¯é垞察å®ããå¹³ããª
äž»èŠè¡šé¢ãæããæ¯æäœäžã«é£ç¶å±€ãšããŠã³ãŒã
ã€ã³ã°ãããããå¿ ãããããã§ãªããšãããã
ä¹³å€å±€ã¯å¹³ãã¯æ¯æäœè¡šé¢äžã«è€æ°ã®æšªæ¹åã«å€
äœããå±€ã»ã°ã¡ã³ããšããŠã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ããããš
ãã§ãããåæ°ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®ä¹³å€å±€ãã»ã°ã¡ã³ã
ãšããå Žåã埮åæ§æ¯æäœãçšããããšãæãŸã
ããæçšãªåŸ®åæ§æ¯æäœã¯PCTåºé¡å ¬å第
W080ïŒ01614ïŒ1980幎ïŒæïŒæ¥å ¬åïŒãã«ã®ãŒç¹
蚱第881513å·ïŒ1980幎ïŒæïŒæ¥ïŒã«å¯Ÿå¿ïŒããã³
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4307165å·ã«é瀺ãããŠããã埮现å
ã®å€§ããã¯å¹ ïŒã200ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãæ·±ã
1000ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ä»¥äžãšããããšãã§ããã
äžè¬ã«ãéåžžã®é»çœåçåéãç¹ã«åçåãåŒäŒž
ã°ãå Žåã«ã¯ã埮现åã®å€§ããã¯å¹ å°ããšãïŒã
ã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãæ·±ã200ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæº
ã奜ãŸãããæè¯ã®å€§ããã¯å¹ ããã³æ·±ãããã
ãçŽ10ã100ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãæããåçèŠçŽ ã¯åžžçšãã
ããããªãæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠãåç¶ã«é²å ããããšã
ã§ãããããã«ã€ããŠã¯äžèšãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯
ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒé ãåç §ãã
ãããæ¬çºæã¯ç¹ã«ãååšããåå å¢æå€ãæ倧
åžåã瀺ãã¹ãã¯ãã«é åã«ãããŠé»ç£ç·ãçšã
ãŠåç¶é²å ãè¡ãå Žåæçšã§ãããåçèŠçŽ ã«é
è²ãç·è²ãèµ€è²ãŸãã¯èµ€å€é²å ãèšé²ããå Žå
ã¯ãéè²ãç·è²ãèµ€è²ãŸãã¯ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®èµ€å€éš
åã«åžåãããåå å¢æå€ãååšãããããé»çœ
åã®åéã§ã¯åçèŠçŽ ããªã«ãœã¯ããããã¯ãŸã
ã¯ãã³ã¯ããããã¯ã«å¢æããããŠå¯èŠãã¯ãã«
å ã«ãããæ床ã延ã°ãããšãæãŸãããã¬ãŒã¶
ãŒã«ãã€ãŠçæãããé²å ã«çšãããã茻å°ç·ã¯
éå¹²æžæ§ïŒã©ã³ãã çžïŒãŸãã¯å¹²æžæ§ïŒã€ã³ã»ã
ãšã€ãºïŒã®ãããã§ãã€ãŠããããé«ãããã¯äœ
匷床é²å ãéæ¬ çãããã¯é£ç¶çé²å ãæ°åãã
æ°ããªç§ããã€ã¯ãç§ãšããæ¯èŒççãæéã«äº
ãé²å æéããã³ãœã©ãªãŒãŒã·ãšã³é²å ãå«ãã
åžžæž©ãé«æž©ãããã¯äœæž©ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯åžžå§ãé«
å§ãããã¯äœå§ã«ãããåé²å ããããããã€ã»
ãšã€ãã»ãžãšã€ã ãºïŒã¶ã»ã»ãªãªãŒã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»
ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ïŒããã»ã¹ïŒç¬¬ïŒçïŒãã¯ã
ã©ã³ïŒ1977幎ïŒç¬¬ïŒïŒïŒïŒ17ïŒ18ããã³23ç« ã«èš
èŒãããåŠããåžžçšãããã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒææ³
ã«ãã決å®ãããæçšãªæå¿ç¯å²å ã«ãããŠçšã
ãããšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã«å«ãŸããæå æ§ããã²ã³åéã¯ãé²
å ã«åŒç¶ããŠãã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§åªäœãŸãã¯åçèŠçŽ äž
ã«å«ãŸããçŸåå€ã®ååšäžã«ããã²ã³åéãæ°Žæ§
ã¢ã«ã«ãªåªäœãšçµåãããããšã«ãã€ãŠåžžæ³ã«åŸ
ã€åŠçããå¯èŠåã圢æããããšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ äžã«äžæŠéåã圢æããããåŸãæªçŸ
åã®ããã²ã³åéãå®çããã®ãæ®éã®æ¹æ³ã§ã
ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã¯ç¹ã«ããçæéã«å®çãå®äºå¯èœãšããç¹ã§æ
å©ã§ãããããã«ãã€ãŠå éãããåŠçãå¯èœãš
ãªãã éåãçæããããã®äžè¿°ã®åçèŠçŽ ããã³æ
æ³ã¯è²çŽ ãçšããŠã«ã©ãŒåãçæããã®ã«å®¹æã«
é©çšããããšãã§ãããããããææ å¯èœãªã«ã©
ãŒåãåŸãæãç°¡åãªææ³ã«ãããŠã¯ãåžžçšãã
ãè²çŽ ãåçèŠçŽ ã®æ¯æäœäžã«æ··å ¥ããããšãã§
ãããããŠäžè¿°ã®åŠãéåã®åœ¢æãè¡ãããšãã§
ãããéåã圢æãããé åã«ãããŠã¯åçèŠçŽ
ã¯å®è³ªçã«å ééæ§ã§ãªããªãããã®ä»ã®é åã§
ã¯æ¯æäœã®è²ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠå ãééããããã®ãã
ã«ããŠã«ã©ãŒåã容æã«åœ¢æããåŸãããããšå
äžå¹æã¯ãŸããå¥ã®è²çŽ ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ãŸãã¯è²çŽ
ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒèŠçŽ ãšéææ¯æäœèŠçŽ ãæããèŠçŽ ãš
ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠéæããããšãã§ããã ããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã¯è²çŽ ã®éžæçç Žå£ãŸã
ã¯åœ¢æã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ åã圢æããã®ã«çšããããš
ãã§ããäžè¿°ã®éåã圢æããããã®åçèŠçŽ
ã¯ããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ
1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒïŒïŒ€é ã«èšèŒ
ãããããã«ã«ã©ãŒã«ãã©ãŒã®ãããªè²çŽ å圢æ
å€ãå«æããçŸåå€ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ å
ã圢æããã®ã«çšããããšãã§ããããã®ãããª
圢æ ã«ãããŠãçŸåå€ã¯ãé žåããã圢æ ã«ãã
ãŠã«ãã©ãŒãšåå¿ïŒã«ããªã³ã°ïŒããŠè²çŽ åã圢
æãåŸãã«ã©ãŒçŸåå€ïŒäŸãã°ã第äžçŽè³éŠæã¢
ãã³ïŒãå«ãã è²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯ãããã¯åžžæ³ã«åŸã€ãŠå
çèŠçŽ äžã«æ··å ¥ããããšãã§ãããè²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«
ãã©ãŒã¯ç°ãªãåçå¹æãéæããããã«ç°ãªã
éã§æ··å ¥ããããšãã§ããäŸãã°ãé被èŠéã«é¢
ãã«ãã©ãŒã®æ¿åºŠã¯é«æ床åã³äžéæ床乳å€å±€ã«
éåžžçšããããéããäœãå¶éããããšãã§ã
ãã è²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯éåžžãæžæ³æ··è²åè²ïŒå³
ã¡ãé»ãããŒã³ã¿ããã³ã·ã¢ã³ïŒç»åè²çŽ ã圢æ
ããããã«éžã°ãããããã®ã«ãã©ãŒã¯éæ¡æ£æ§
ç¡è²ã«ãã©ãŒã§ãããç¹å®ã®åçå¿çšåéã§æãŸ
ãå¹æãéæããããã«åäžãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®å¥ã ã®
å±€ã«ãããåå¿é床ãçžéããè²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©
ãŒãçšããããšãã§ãã è²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯ã«ããªã³ã°ã«ãã€ãŠãçŸ
åæå¶å€ã¿ããä¿é²å€ãæŒçœä¿é²å€ãçŸåå€ãã
ãã²ã³åé溶å€ããããŒã硬èå€ãã«ããªå€ãã«
ããªé²æ¢å€ã競äºã«ãã©ãŒãååŠãŸãã¯åå å¢æ
å€ããã³æžæå€ã®ãããªåççã«æçšãªãã©ã°ã¡
ã³ããæŸåºãããçŸåæå¶å€æŸåºæ§ïŒDIRïŒã«ã
ã©ãŒã¯åçåéã«ãããŠåšç¥ã§ããããããã¯ã
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4248962å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«ã«ããª
ã³ã°æã«çš®ã ã®åççã«æçšãªåºãæŸåºããéè²
çŽ æ§ååç©ã䞊ã³ã«è²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã§ããã
é žåããã«ã©ãŒçŸåå€ãšåå¿ããéè²çŽ ã圢æã
ãªãDIRååç©ããŸãçšããããšãã§ããããªã
ããã³ä¹³å€ã®ããã«æ¯èŒçæå æ§ã«ä¹ããããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯çŸåæå¶å€ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ãã®ç§»è¡ãé»
æ¢ãŸãã¯æå¶ããããã«äžéå±€ããã³ãªãŒããŒã³
ãŒãå±€ãšããŠå©çšããã åçèŠçŽ ã«ã¯ããã¬ã«ã©ãŒåçšç©å±€ãã¹ã¯ã圢
ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã®ãããªçè²ããè²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©
ãŒåã³ïŒãŸãã¯ç«¶äºã«ãã©ãŒãæ··å ¥ããããšãã§
ãããåçèŠçŽ ã«ã¯ããã«ç»åè²çŽ å®å®å€ãé å
ããããšãã§ããããããã¯ãã¹ãŠãªãµãŒãã»ã
ã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ã
ã 17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒãããŠããã è²çŽ ç»å圢ææ§éå å€ã«çµåãããŠäžæŽ»æ§é·ç§»
éå±ã€ãªã³é¯äœã®åœ¢æ ãæããé žåå€ãåã³ïŒå
ã¯ãã«ãªãã·ãé žåå€ãçšããæ¹æ³ãæ¡çšããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ ç»åã圢æããŸãã¯å¢å¹ ããããš
ãã§ãããåçèŠçŽ ã¯è²çŽ ç»åã圢æããã®ã«ç¹
ã«é©åããã éâè²çŽ âæŒçœæ³ã®ãããªè²çŽ ãŸãã¯è²çŽ åé§
ç©è³ªã®éžæçç Žå£ã«ãã€ãŠåçèŠçŽ ã«è²çŽ åã圢
æããããšãã§ããã æŒçœã«ãã€ãŠçŸåããéãé€å»ããã®ã¯ããã²
ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã«è²çŽ ç»åã圢æããææ³ã«ãã
ãæ®éã®æ £è¡ã§ããããã®ãããªéã®é€å»ã¯åŠç
溶液ãŸãã¯åçèŠçŽ ã®ããå±€ã«æŒçœä¿é²å€ãŸãã¯
ãã®åé§ç©è³ªãæ··å ¥ããããšã«ããä¿é²ããããš
ãã§ãããããå Žåã«ã¯ãç¹ã«äžè¿°ã®ããã«è²çŽ
ç»åãå¢å¹ ããæã¯ãçŸåã«ãã圢æãããéã®
éã¯çæããè²çŽ ã®éãšæ¯èŒããŠå°ãããåŸã€
ãŠãå®è³ªçã«ç®ã«èŠãã圱é¿ãªãéæŒçœãçç¥ã
ãããããã«ä»ã®å¿çšã«ãããŠã¯ãéåãä¿æã
ãããããŠè²çŽ ç»åã¯ãã®éåã«ããæäŸããã
æ¿åºŠãé«ããŸãã¯è£ãããã«æŽ»çšããããéåã®
æ¿åºŠãè²çŽ ã§é«ããå Žåäžæ§ã®åäžè²çŽ ãŸãã¯å š
äœãšããŠäžæ§åãçæãåŸãè€æ°ã®è²çŽ ãçµåã
ãçšããããšãéåžžæãŸããã æ¬çºæåã¯å€è²åçåãçæããã®ã«çšããã
ãšãã§ãããäžè¬ã«å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ããã²ã³å
éä¹³å€å±€ãå«ããããªãåžžçšãããå€è²åèŠçŽ
ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ãæ·»å ãŸãã¯è©²ä¹³å€ã§çœ®æããããšã®ã¿ã«ãã€ãŠ
æ¹è¯å¯èœã§ãããæ¬çºæã¯å æ³å€è²åããã³æžæ³
å€è²åã®ãããã«ãå¿çšå¯èœã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®å æ³å€è²åãžã®å¿çšã«ã€ããŠèª¬
æãããšãéåãçæãåŸãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã
å«ãåçèŠçŽ ãšçµåãããŠãå éšé 眮éè²ãç·è²
ããã³èµ€è²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒèŠçŽ ãå«ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒè£ 眮
ãçšããããšãã§ããããã³ã¯ãããã€ãã¯ã«æ
å ããäžã€åçèŠçŽ ã®ïŒã€ã®å±€ã圢æããæ¬çºæ
ã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯å æ³æ··è²
åè²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒè£ 眮ãéããŠåé²å ããããéå
ãçæããåŠçãæœãããã€ã«ã¿ãŒè£ 眮ãéããŠ
èŠããšå€è²åãã¿ãããããã®ãããªåã¯ææ ã«
ãã€ãŠæãè¯ãèŠããããããæ ãåçèŠçŽ åã³
ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒè£ 眮ã¯ããããéææ¯æäœãä¿æãã
ããŸãã¯å ±åããŠåæ ããã æžæ³æ··è²åè²ç»åçæè²çŽ ã®çµåããã«ãã€ãŠ
å€è²åãçæããå€è²åçèŠçŽ ã«æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã
å¿çšããããšã«ããæ Œå¥ã®å©ç¹ãããããããšã
ã§ããããã®ãããªåçèŠçŽ ã¯æ¯æäœäžŠã³ã«é
åžžãéè²å ãç·è²å ããã³èµ€è²å ãããããã€ãš
ããŒïŒããŒã³ã¿ããã³ã·ã¢ã³è²çŽ åãšããŠå¥ã ã«
èšé²ããéãªãåã€ãå°ãªããšãïŒçµã®ããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€å±€ãããªãã äžèšã«è¿°ã¹ãåŠãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åå¡©
åéä¹³å€ãïŒçš®ã®ã¿å¿ èŠãšãããããå€è²åçèŠ
çŽ ã¯ããããéãç·åã³èµ€è²å ãèšé²ããããã®
å°ãªããšãïŒçš®ã®å¥ã ã®ä¹³å€ãå«ããå¿ èŠãšãã
ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åç·åã¯èµ€èšé²ä¹³å€ä»¥
å€ã®ä¹³å€ã¯åžžçšãããã©ã®ãããªåœ¢æ ã«ãã€ãŠã
ãããçš®ã ã®éåžžã®ä¹³å€ãäžèšã®ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€
ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒé ã«èª¬æã
ããŠãããïŒã€ä»¥äžã®ä¹³å€å±€ãã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®éã
ç·åã³ïŒåã¯èµ€éšãèšé²ããããã«äžããããŠã
ãã°ãå°ãªããšãæ床ã®é«ãæ¹ã®ä¹³å€å±€ãåè¿°ã
ãåŠãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãå«ãã®ã
奜ãŸããããã¡ãããåçèŠçŽ ã®éãç·åã³èµ€èš
é²ä¹³å€å±€ã®å šãŠããææã«ãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãããªãã®ãæå©ã§ãããšããããš
ã確èªãããŠããã å€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯ãã°ãã°ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãã
ãã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããããæãæ®éã®å€è²åçèŠçŽ
ã¯ïŒã€ã®éãªãåã€ãè²åœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠããããå«
ã¿ãããããã®è²åœ¢æå±€ãŠãããã¯ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®
ç°ãªã1/3ãèšé²ããããšãã§ãäžã€è£è²æžæ³æ··
è²åè²è²çŽ åãçæãåŸãå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ãã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãå«ããå³ã¡ãéè²ãç·è²ããã³
èµ€è²èšé²ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠããããããããã€ãš
ããŒïŒããŒã³ã¿ããã³ã·ã¢ã³è²çŽ åãçæããã®
ã«çšãããããè²çŽ åçæç©è³ªã¯å¿ ããããããª
ãã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããäžã«ååšããããªããš
ããããåŠç溶液ããå šãäŸçµŠããããšãã§ã
ããè²çŽ åçæç©è³ªãåçèŠçŽ äžã«èšããã«éã
ãŠã¯ãããä¹³å€å±€äžã«é 眮ããããšãã§ãããŸã
åãã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã®é£æ¥ä¹³å€å±€ããé ž
åãããçŸåãŸãã¯é»å移åå€ãå容ãã¹ãäœçœ®
ããå±€äžã«é 眮ããããšãã§ããã ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããéã§é žåããçŸåãŸã
ã¯é»å移åå€ã移åããŠè²ãå£åããã®ãé»æ¢ã
ãããã«äžè¬ã«ã¯ã¹ã«ãã³ãžã€ãŒãçšããããã
ã¹ã«ãã³ãžã€ãŒã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2937086å·ã«æ瀺ã
ããããã«ä¹³å€å±€èªèº«äžã«äœçœ®ããããããšãã§
ããããã³ïŒãŸãã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2336327å·ã«èšèŒ
ãããããã«äžéå±€ãé£æ¥ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãã
ãéã«é 眮ããããšãã§ããã åã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã«ã¯åäžã®ä¹³å€å±€ã
å«ãŸããããšãã§ããããåäžã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€
ãŠãããäžã«ãã°ãã°ïŒïŒïŒãŸãã¯ãã以äžã®å
çæ床ã®ç°ãªãä¹³å€å±€ãèšãããããææå±€æ§æ
ãæ床ã®ç°ãªãè€æ°ã®å€è²ä¹³å€å±€ãåäžã«ã©ãŒåœ¢
ææ§å±€ãŠãããäžã«é 眮ããã®ãèš±ãã¬å Žåã¯ã
åäžåçèŠçŽ äžã«è€æ°ã®ïŒéåžžïŒãŸãã¯ïŒïŒé
è²ãç·è²ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯èµ€è²èšé²ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€
ãŠããããèšããã®ãäžè¬ã§ããã å€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯äžè¿°ã®èŠæ±ãæºããéãåžžçšã
ãããããªã圢æ ã§ãã€ãŠãããããŽãã³ãã¹ã
ã€ïŒGorokhovskiiïŒïŒã¹ãã¯ãã«ã»ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºã»
ãªãã»ã¶ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ããã»ã¹ïŒããª
ãŒã«ã«ã»ãã¬ã¹ïŒããŠãŒãšãŒã¯ïŒP.211ïŒè¡š27aã«
èšèŒãããïŒã€ã®å¯èœãªå±€é 眮ã®ããããæ¡çšå¯
èœã§ãããç°¡æãã€æ確ã«èª¬æãããªãã°ãåžžçš
ãããå€è²ããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã®èª¿è£œéçšã«ã
ããŠãã®ãããªåçèŠçŽ ã«ãã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®ãã€ã
ã¹éè²éšåã«æå¿ãããäžã€ä»ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã«å ç«ã€
ãŠæŸå°ç·æé²ãåããããã«ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®é«
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ãèšããããšãã§
ãããããããªããã倧äœã®å Žåãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠ
å±€é 眮ãæ¹å€ããããåŸæ¥ã®ãã€ãã¹éè²èšé²ä¹³
å€å±€ãïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åãã€ãã¹éè²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã§çœ®ãæ¿ããããšãæ
ãŸãããä»ã®å±€é 眮ã¯äžèšã®å¥œãŸããäŸãåç §ã
ãã°ããæãããšãªããã
ã©ãããã®ä»ã®å€ã¯å€æ¿åã¯å æ¿ã«ããæ±ããã
ãšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åãåŸãã
ãã«ã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ååšããããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã®
åèšæ¿åºŠãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãæŽã«å¿ èŠã§ã
ããçŽ0.10ã0.90Nã®ç¯å²ã®åå¿å®¹åšå åèšãã
ã²ã³ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãã¯ããªãåã³ããããã®æ²æŸ±ã«
å¹³æ¿ç¶çµæ¶ç¹æ§ãäžããããã«å¿ èŠã§ãããå ±æ²
柱ã®éã«çæãããææã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã®å²åãæ倧ã«ããããã«ã¯ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã®
åèšããã²ã³ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãçŽ0.30ãçŽ0.60Nã®ç¯
å²ã«ä¿æããã®ã奜ãŸããã äžèšã®æ²æŸ±çæããã»ã¹ã¯ãã¯ããªãåã³ãã
ãããå«ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®æ žã®åœ¢æåã³ç²åæ žã®æ
æã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²ååãåã³ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãžã®æé·ã®
äž¡æ¹ã®ããã«çšããããšãã§ããããããã¯ãæ²
柱çæããã»ã¹ã¯ãå¹³æ¿çµæ¶ç¹æ§ã®ã¯ããªãåã³
ãããããäºã圢æããåã¯åå¿å®¹åšäžã«å°å ¥ã
ããããã²ã³åéç²åäžã«å ±æ²æŸ±ãããããã«çš
ããããšãã§ããããã®æ æ§ã«ãããŠãæ¬çºæã®
æ¹æ³ã¯éãã¯ããªããããããåã³ãææã«ã
ãããšãŒãžããå«ãç°ç¶ç²åé åã®ã¿ãçæãã
ãããã«çšããããã ãã®çºæã®æ¹æ³ãç°ç¶ç²åé åã®ã¿ã圢æãã
ããã«çšããããå ŽåãåŸãããç²åã®äžå€®é å
ã圢æããããã²ã³åéã¯ç²åã®æšªåšå²ã®ç°ç¶é
åã圢æããããã«å°å ¥ãããããã²ã³åéã®æº¶
解床ãšçãããåã¯ãããããäœã溶解床ãæã
ããããªãããªãããã²ã³çµæãæããŠããŠãã
ããæ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãäžå€®ç²å
é åã圢æããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ã§ã
ããå®æãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ææã®åãããã倧
ãããªãåããæãããäžå€®ç²åé åã圢æãã
ç²åã¯é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®ãã®ã§ãã€ãŠããããã
ããïŒïŒïŒãã倧ããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæããå¿ èŠ
ã¯ãªããäžå€®ç²åé åã圢æããããã²ã³åéç²
åã®ããã®èš±å®¹å¯èœãªã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯äžå€®é åã«
ãã圢æãããã¹ãç²åã®å²åã«äŸåããŠå€ãã
ã§ããããäŸãã°ãããäžå€®ç²åé åãç²åå šäœ
ã®99ïŒ ãå ããã¹ãã§ãããªãã°ããããå¹³æ¿ç¶
ã§ãããšããã ãã§ãªããå®æãããç²åãïŒïŒ
ïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã瀺ãããã«ã¯ïŒïŒïŒã«æ¥µ
ããŠè¿ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ããæããŠããªããã°ãªã
ãªãããšã¯æããã§ãããäžæ¹ãããäžå€®ç²åé
åãå®æãããç²åã®ïŒïŒ ã ããå ããã®ã§ãã
ã°ãäžå€®ç²åé åã圢æããç²åã®åæã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ã¯ïŒïŒïŒã§ãã€ãŠãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯åã
ã«ååšããç²åç¶ãžã®æ²æŸ±ã«ãããŠç°ç¶ç²åé å
äžã«ååšããã¯ããªãåã³ããããã«ããå°ãªã
ãšãïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã容
æã«çæããããšãã§ãããäžå€®ç²åé åã«å¯Ÿã
ãããã²ã³çµæã®åã ã®éžå®åã³äžå€®ç²åé åã«
ããå ããããå šäœç²åã®å²åã¯ç¹å®ã®åççšé
ã«äŸåããŠå€ããã§ãããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ãçšããŠç°ç¶ç²åé åã圢æãã
ããšã«ãããäžå€®åã³ç°ç¶ç²åé åãç°ãªããã
ã²ã³çµæãæãããããªæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãçæããããšãã§ãããäŸã
ã°ãäžå€®ç²åé åãèåéãããªããå¡©åéåã³
èåéãç°ç¶ç²åé åã«ååšãããããªæ¬çºæã«
ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãçæããããšãã§ãããç¹
å®ã®æ æ§ã§ã¯ãäžå€®ç²åé åããèªäœãé«ã¢ã¹ã
ã¯ãæ¯ãæãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãšãŠèåéä¹³å€ã圢
æãã次ãã§æ¬çºæã«åŸã€ãŠå¡©åéåã³èåéã
å«ãç°ç¶ç²åé åã圢æããããšãå šé¢çã«åã¯
éšåçã«å¯èœã§ãããå¡©åéããäž»ãšããŠãªãçµ
æã®äžå€®ç²åé åã圢æããããšãå¯èœã§ããã
ãŸããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ãæé·ã®éã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã
é«ããããã«çšããããšãã§ãããããäžå€®ç²å
é åã¯å¿ ãããå®æç²åã«å¿ èŠãªã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã«
æé·ãããããå¿ èŠããªãã äžå€®ç²åé åã®ãšããžäžã«éãã¯ããªãããã
ããåã³ãææã«ããããšãŒãžããæ²æŸ±ãããŠç°
ãªãããã²ã³å«éã®ç°ç¶ç²åé åã圢æãããé
çšã«ãããŠãç°ç¶ç²åé åã®åœ¢æã§æ²æŸ±ãããã
ã²ã³åéã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®äž»èŠé¢ã圢æãããã®
ãšåæã«ãç°ç¶ç²åãšããžäžã«éžæçã«æ²æŸ±ã
ããåŸã€ãŠãæ²ç©ãé²ãã«ã€ããŠç²åã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ã¯æŽã«é«ããªããéžã°ããç¹å®ã®æ²æŸ±çææ¡
件ã«ãã€ãŠã¯ãæ²æŸ±çæã®éã«ã³ã¢ãŒç²åé åã
幟ååããªãããšãçµéšãããããšãããããã
ãã圢æããã€ã€ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®äž»èŠé¢äžã®æ²
ç©ã¯ããããããšããŠããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ç°ç¶ãšã
ãžäžã«ãããæ²ç©ãããäœéã§èµ·ãã äžè¿°ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºè¶³ãããããšãæ¡ä»¶ãšããŠãé
ããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ã®æ¿åºŠããã³å°å ¥é床ã¯åŸæ¥æ £
çšããããã®ãšåæ§ã§ãã€ãŠããããç¹ã«å¥œãŸã
ãæ²æŸ±çæææ³ã¯ãææ¥ã®éã«ãããéããã³ã
ã©ã€ãå¡©ã®å°å ¥é床ãå¢å€§ããããŠæ²æŸ±çææé
ãççž®ããããããšã§ãããéããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©
ã®å°å ¥é床ã¯ãåæ£åªäžŠã³ã«éããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©
ãå°å ¥ããé床ãå¢å€§ããããšã«ãã€ãŠããŸãã¯
å°å ¥ãããåæ£åªäžã®éããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ã®æ¿åºŠ
ãå¢å€§ããããšã«ãã€ãŠå¢å€§ããããããšãã§ã
ããéããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©å°å ¥é床ã¯å¢å€§ããããš
ãæãŸããããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3650757å·ãå第
3672900å·ãå第4242445å·ããã€ãç¹èš±åºé¡å ¬é
第2107118å·ããšãŒãããç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬80102242å·
ããã³ãŠãšã€ïŒWeyïŒåã³ã¹ããã°ïŒStrongïŒã
ããŒã©ãã³æº¶æ¶²äžã«ãããAgBrçµæ¶ã®æé·æ©æ§
ïŒGrowth Mechanism of AgBr Crystals in
Gelatin SolutionïŒããããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€
ãšã³ã¹ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ã21å·»ãNo.
ïŒã1977幎ïŒæâïŒæãã»14以éã«æ瀺ããã
ããã«å°å ¥é床ãæ°ããç²åæ žã®çæãèµ·ããæ
ãéçå€æªæºã«ä¿æããïŒå³ã¡åæ žçæãåé¿ã
ãããã«ïŒããšãç¹ã«æãŸããã æ¹è³ªçšååç©ãããã²ã³åéæ²æŸ±çæéçšã§å
åšããããããšãã§ããããã®ãããªååç©ã¯å
å¿åšäžã«æåã«ååšããããŠããããããŸãåžžæ³
ã«åŸã€ãŠïŒãããã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®å¡©ãå ãããšå ±ã«æ·»
å ããããšãã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1195432å·ã第
1951933å·ã第2448060å·ã第2628167å·ã第
2950972å·ã第3488709å·ã第3737313å·ã第
3772031å·ããã³ç¬¬4269927å·äžŠã³ã«ãªãµãŒãã»ã
ã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒã134å·»ã1975幎ïŒæãã¢ã€ã
ã 134å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«é ãã¿ãªãŠã ãéã
ãã¹ãã¹ãã«ãããŠã ãäºéãäžéã«ã«ã³ã²ã³
ïŒå³ã¡ãç¡«é»ãã»ã¬ã³åã³ãã«ã«ïŒãéããã³ç¬¬
å±è²Žéå±ã®ååç©ã®ãããªæ¹è³ªçšååç©ãããã²
ã³åéæ²æŸ±çæéçšã§ååšããããããšãã§ã
ãããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒåã³ãã®å身
ã§ãããããã¯ãã»ã©ã€ã»ã³ã·ã³ã°ã»ã€ã³ããã¯
ã¹ã¯è±åœïŒPO9â1EFïŒãã³ãã·ã€ãŒïŒããŒãã³
ãïŒããŒã ãŠãšã«ïŒã€ã³ãã¹ããªã¢ã«ã»ãªãããŠ
ããã€ãŒãºã»ãªããã€ããã®åè¡ç©ã§ãããã¢ã€
ã¶ãŒïŒMoiserïŒçããžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ããªã
ã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ïŒ25å·»ïŒ1977ïŒPP.19
â27ã«èšèŒãããããã«å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯æ²æŸ±ç
æéçšã«ãããŠå éšéå å¢æããããšãã§ããã ããããã®éå¡©ããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±
第3821002å·ãå第3031304å·ããã³ã¯ã©ãšã¹
ïŒCjaesïŒçãããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã·ãšã»ã³ã¬ã¹ãã³
ãã³ãïŒ102å·»ïŒ10å·ïŒ1967ïŒP.162ã«èšèŒããã
ãã«åé å²åã調æŽãäžã€åå¿åšå 容ç©ã®PHïŒ
PBrããã³ïŒãŸãã¯pAgã調æŽããããã«åé è£
眮ãå©çšããŠãŸãã¯ééäŸçµŠãå©çšããŠè¡šé¢ãã
ãã¯è¡šé¢äžäŸçµŠç®¡ãéããŠåå¿åšã«å ããããšã
ã§ãããåå¿åšäžã«åå¿æåãæ¥éã«åé ããã
ãã«ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2996287å·ãå第3342605å·ãå
第3415650å·ãå第3785777å·ãå第4147551å·å
ã³å第4171224å·ãè±åœç¹èš±åºé¡ç¬¬2022431Aãã
ã€ãç¹èš±åºé¡å ¬é第2555364å·ããã³å第2556885
å·äžŠã³ã«ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ166å·»ïŒ
1978幎ïŒæïŒã¢ã€ãã 16662ã«èšèŒãããããã«
ç¹å¥ã«ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãããæ··åè£ çœ®ãçšãã
ããšãã§ããããã®æ现æžã«èŠå®ããããã«ã
PHãpBråã³pAgã¯ããããæ°ŽçŽ ãèçŽ åã³éã€
ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®è² 察æ°ãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œã«ãããŠåæ£åªã¯åå¿åš
äžã«æåã«å ¥ããŠããã奜ãŸãã圢æ ã«ãããŠå
æ£åªã¯è§£è å€ã®æ°Žæ§åæ£æ¶²ãããªããåå¿åšäžã®
ä¹³å€æåå šééã«åºã¥ããŠ0.2ãçŽ10ééïŒ ã®è§£
è å€æ¿åºŠãæ¡çšããããšãã§ãããããã²ã³åé
ãçæããåããã³çæäžã«åå¿åšäžã«ããã解
è å€æ¿åºŠãå šééã«åºã¥ãçŽïŒïŒ æªæºã«ç¶æãã
äžã€ãæé©ã®ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ç¹æ§ãåŸãããããã«
åŸããä¹³å€ããã¯ã«ãå ããããšã«ãã€ãŠä¹³å€ã
ãã¯ã«æ¿åºŠãé«æ¿åºŠã«èª¿ç¯ããã®ãäžè¬çãªæ¹æ³
ã§ãããæåã«åœ¢æãããä¹³å€ã«ã¯ããã²ã³åé
ã¢ã«åœããçŽïŒã50ïœã®è§£è å€ã奜ãŸããã¯çŽ10
ã30ïœã®è§£è å€ãå«ãŸããããšãã§ãããè¿œå ã®
ããã¯ã«ã¯åŸããå ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãã®æ¿åºŠã
ããã²ã³åéã¢ã«åœãã1000ïœãšããé«ãå€ã«ãŸ
ã§é«ããããšãã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯æçµãšãã«ãž
ãšã³äžã®ããã¯ã«æ¿åºŠã¯ããã²ã³åéã¢ã«åœãã
50ïœãã倧ã§ãããåçèŠçŽ ã®è£œäœæã«ãããŠã³
ãŒãã€ã³ã°ããã³ä¹Ÿç¥ãè¡ãéããã¯ã«ã¯ä¹³å€å±€
ã®çŽ30ã70ééïŒ ãå ããããšãæãŸããã ããã¯ã«ïŒãã€ã³ããŒããã³è§£è å€ã®äž¡è ãå«
ãïŒã¯ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œã«åžžçšããããã®
ã®äžããéžã¶ããšãã§ããã奜ãŸãã解è å€ã¯èŠª
æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã§ãã€ãŠããããã¯åç¬ã§ããŸãç
æ°Žæ§ç©è³ªãšçµåãããŠçšããããšãã§ãããé©åœ
ãªèŠªæ°Žæ§ç©è³ªã«ã¯ãèçœè³ªãèçœè³ªèªå°äœãäŸã
ã°ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãšã¹ãã«ã®ãããªã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°
äœãäŸãã°ã¢ã«ã«ãªåŠçãŒã©ãã³ïŒç骚ãŸãã¯ç®
é©ãŒã©ãã³ïŒãŸãã¯é žåŠçãŒã©ãã³ïŒè±ç®ãŒã©ã
ã³ïŒã®ãããªãŒã©ãã³ãäŸãã°ã¢ã»ãã«åãŒã©ã
ã³ãã³ãã¿ã«åãŒã©ãã³ã®ãããªãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœ
ã®åŠãç©è³ªãå«ãŸããããããã®ããã¯ã«ããã³
ãã®ä»ã®ããã¯ã«ã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€
ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒã»ã¯ã·
ãšã³ã«èšèŒãããŠãããç¹ã«èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã
å«ãããã¯ã«ç©è³ªã¯ïŒãŸããããšå ±ã«çšããçæ°Ž
æ§ç©è³ªãïŒæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçèŠçŽ ã®ä¹³å€å±€äžã®ã¿
ãªãããäžå¡å±€ãäžé局䞊ã³ã«ä¹³å€å±€äžã«äœçœ®ã
ãå±€ã®ãããªä»ã®å±€äžã«é åããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œéçšã§ç²åã®çæãèµ·
ããåŸããå¡©åéã¯ãã®æº¶è§£åºŠãé«ãããã«çæ
å€ã«ãã圱é¿ãä»ã®ããã²ã³åéãããå°ãªãã
çæãä¿é²ããã®ã«æ¢ç¥ã®ããã²ã³åé溶å€ãæ
çšã§ãããäŸãã°ãçæãä¿é²ããã®ã«éå°éã®
ãããã€ãã€ãªã³ãåå¿åšäžã«ååšããããããš
ãç¥ãããŠãããããæ ããããã€ã塩溶液ãå
å¿åšäžã«å°å ¥ããã ãã§çæãä¿é²ãåŸãããšã¯
æããã§ãããä»ã®çæå€ãçšããããšãã§ãã
ãããããã®çæå€ã¯éããã³ãã©ã€ãå¡©ãæ·»å
ããåã«åå¿åšäžã®åæ£åªäžã«å šéãé åããŠã
ãããšãã§ãããããŸãïŒãããã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®ãã©
ã€ãå¡©ãéå¡©ãŸãã¯è§£è å€ãå ãããšå ±ã«åå¿åš
äžã«å°å ¥ããããšãã§ãããå¥ã®å€åœ¢æ æ§ãšã
ãŠãçæå€ããã©ã€ãå¡©ããã³éå¡©æ·»å 段éã§ç¬
ç«ããŠå°å ¥ããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯æŽæµ
ããŠå¯æº¶æ§å¡©é¡ãé€å»ãããå¯æº¶æ§å¡©é¡ã®é€å»
ã¯ããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ
1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒã»ã¯ã·ãšã³ã«èª¬
æãããããã«ãåŸãããéãããã³ïŒãŸãã¯
å·åŽæ²éããã³ãªãŒãã³ã°ã®ãããªããç¥ããã
ææ³ã«ãã€ãŠè¡ãããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠ
ã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®åãã®å¢å€§ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®äœ
æžããã³ïŒãŸãã¯çŽåŸã®é床ã®å¢å€§ãåé¿ããã
ãã«ãæ²æŸ±çæãå®äºããåŸå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®çæã
çµäºããéã«æŽæµããããšãç¹ã«æå©ã§ããã䜿
çšã«å ç«ã€ãŠãå¢æå€ãå«ããŸãã¯å«ãŸãªãä¹³å€
ã¯ä¹Ÿç¥ã貯èµããã äžè¿°ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²å調補æ¹æ³ã«åŸã
ã°ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã«å¯Ÿããåãåã³çŽåŸåºæºãæº
足ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå šããã²ã³åéç²åã®åèšæ
æ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã35ïŒ ãå ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã調補ããããšãã§ãããããã®
ãããªå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å²åãå¢å€§ããããšã«ãã€ãŠ
ãã倧ããªå©ç¹ãéæãããããšãèªããããã
åãåã³çŽåŸåºæºãæºè¶³ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åé
ç²åãå šææ é¢ç©ã®å°ãªããšã50ïŒ ãæŽã«å¥œãŸã
ãã¯å°ãªããšã70ïŒ ïŒæé©ã«ã¯å°ãªããšã90ïŒ ïŒ
ãå ããããšãæãŸãããå°éã®éå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã
ååšããŠãå€ãã®åççšéåéã§ã¯å šãåé¡ãèµ·
ããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®å©ç¹ãåŸãããããå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åã®å²åãå¢å€§ããããšãã§ããã倧ããªå¹³æ¿
ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãåžžçšãããåé¢æè¡ãäŸ
ãã°ãé å¿åé¢ãŸãã¯ãã€ãããµã€ã¯ãã³ãçšã
ãŠç²åæ··åç©äžã®å°ããªéå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããåé¢ã
ãããšãã§ããããã€ãããµã€ã¯ãã³ã«ããåé¢
ã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3326641å·ã«æ瀺ãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ããäžæŠåœ¢æãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ä¹³å€ã¯åœæ¥çã«ãããŠåšç¥ã®ææ³ã«ãã€ãŠéã§å
ã¿ãè¯éä¹³å€ãšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«
ãã調補ãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã«
éã圢æããã®ã«ãããªãåççã«æçšãªéå¡©ã
çšããããšãã§ãããéå¡©éã圢æããææ³ã¯ç±³
åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3367778å·ãå第3206313å·ãå第
3317322å·ãå第3917485å·ãå第4150994å·ãå
第4184877å·ããã³å第4184878å·ã«èšèŒãããŠã
ããåžžçšãããé圢æææ³ã¯é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿
ç¶ç²åã®åœ¢æã«ã¯æå©ã§ã¯ãªããé圢æãé²ããš
ä¹³å€ã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãäœæžããããã§ããã
é圢æéçšã«ãããŠå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åçæã«æå©ãªæ¡ä»¶
ãåå¿åšäžã«ååšãããªãã°ãäžèšã«æŽã«è©³ãã
è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãé圢æã¯ç²åã®å€çžã«åªå çã«èµ·
ããããã®çµæã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯å¿ ãããäœäžããª
ãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ååŠçã«å¢æããããååŠçå¢æã¯
ã»ïŒšã»JamesïŒã¶ã»ã»ãªãªã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»ããªã
ã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ããã»ã¹ïŒç¬¬ïŒçïŒãã¯ãã©ã³ïŒ
1977ïŒpp.67â76ã«èšèŒãããããã«æŽ»æ§ãŒã©ã
ã³ãçšããŠè¡ãããšãã§ãããããŸããªãµãŒãã»
ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒ120å·»ïŒ1974幎ïŒæïŒã¢ã€ã
ã 12008ãïŒãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ134
å·»ïŒ1975幎ïŒæïŒã¢ã€ãã 13452ïŒç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
1623499å·ãå第1673522å·ãå第2399083å·ãå
第2642361å·ãå第3297447å·ãå第3297446å·ã
å第3772031å·ãå第3761267å·ãå第3857711å·ã
å第3565633å·ãå第3901714å·ããã³å第
3904415å·äžŠã³ã«è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1315755å·ããã³å第
1396696å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«pAg5ã10ïŒPHïŒã
ïŒããã³æž©åºŠ30ã80âã«ãããŠç¡«é»ãã»ã¬ã³ãã
ã«ã«ãéãçœéããã©ãžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠã ããªã¹
ããŠã ãããžãŠã ãã¬ããŠã ãããã¯çå¢æå€ãŸ
ãã¯ãããå¢æå€ã®è€æ°ã®çµåãããçšããŠè¡ã
ããšãã§ãããååŠå¢æã¯æé©ã«ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2642361å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«ããªã·ã¢ããŒãå
åç©ã®ååšäžã«ããŸãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2521926å·ãå
第3021215å·ããã³å第4054457å·ã«èšèŒãããã¿
ã€ãã®ç¡«é»å«æååç©ã®ååšäžã«è¡ããä»äžã
ïŒååŠå¢æïŒæ¹è³ªå€ã®ååšäžã«ååŠçã«å¢æãã
ããšãã§ãããçšããããä»äžãæ¹è³ªå€ã«ã¯ãã¢
ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãã¢ã¶ããªããžã³ãã¢ã¶ããªããžã³ã
ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã å¡©ã䞊ã³ã«ïŒãããã¯ïŒä»¥äž
ã®è€çŽ ç°æ žãæããå¢æå€ã®ããã«ãååŠå¢æã®
éçšã§ã«ããªãæå¶ãäžã€æ床ãå¢å€§ãããã®ãš
ããŠç¥ãããååç©ãçšãããããä»äžãæ¹è³ªå€
ã®äŸã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2131038å·ãå第3411914å·ã
å第3554757å·ãå第3565631å·ããã³å第
3901714å·ãã«ããç¹èš±ç¬¬778723å·ããã³ããã€
ã³ïŒDuffinïŒïŒããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãšãã«ãžãš
ã³ã»ã±ãã¹ããªãŒïŒããªãŒã«ã«ã»ãã¬ã¹ïŒ1966ïŒïŒ
ããŠãŒãšãŒã¯ïŒpp.138â143ã«èšèŒãããŠããã
ååŠå¢æã«å ããŠããŸãã¯ä»£æ¿ã«ãŠãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3891446å·ããã³å第3984249å·ã«èšèŒããããã
ã«ãäŸãã°æ°ŽçŽ ãçšããŠéå å¢æããããšãã§ã
ããããŸãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2983609å·ããªããããŒã«
ïŒOftedahlïŒä»ããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€
ãŒïŒ136å·»ïŒ1975幎ïŒæïŒã¢ã€ãã 13654ãç±³åœç¹
蚱第2518698å·ãå第2739060å·ãå第2743182å·ã
å第2743183å·ãå第3026203å·ããã³å第
3361564å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«å¡©å第äžé«ãäºé ž
åããªãŠã¬ã¢ãããªã¢ãã³ãã³ã¢ãã³ãã©ã³ãã
ãªéå å€ãçšããŠããŸãã¯äœpAgïŒäŸãã°ïŒæªæºïŒ
åã³ïŒãŸãã¯é«PHïŒäŸãã°ïŒãã倧ïŒåŠçã«ãã€
ãŠéå å¢æããããšãã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3917485å·ããã³å第3966476å·ã«èšèŒãããè¡šé¢
äžå¢æãå«ãè¡šé¢ååŠå¢æãè¡ãããšãã§ããã ååŠå¢æã«å ããŠãæ¬çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åå¡©åéä¹³å€ã¯ãåå å¢æããããšãã§
ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãšçµåãã
ãŠãå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®éããã³ãã€ãã¹éïŒå³ã¡
ç·ããã³èµ€ïŒéšåã«åžå極倧ã瀺ãåå å¢æè²çŽ
ãçšããããšãã§ãããå ããŠãç¹å¥ã®å©çšåé
ã§ã¯ãåå å¢æè²çŽ ãçšããŠãå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã
è¶ããåå æå¿ãæ¹è¯ããããšãã§ãããäŸã
ã°ãèµ€å€ç·åžååå å¢æå€ã®äœ¿çšãå¯èœã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã¯çš®ã ã®è²çŽ ãçšããŠåå å¢æã
ãããšãã§ãããçšããããè²çŽ ã«ã¯ãã·ã¢ã
ã³ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ãé¯ã·ã¢ãã³ããã³é¯ã¡ãã·ã¢
ãã³ïŒå³ã¡ãããªâãããã©âããã³å€âæ žãã¢
ãã³ããã³ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ïŒããªããœããŒã«ããã
ãªããœãŒã«ãã¹ããªã«ãã¡ãã¹ããªã«ããã³ã¹ã
ã¬ããã·ã¢ãã³ãå«ãããªã¡ãã³è²çŽ ãå«ãŸã
ãã ã·ã¢ãã³åå å¢æè²çŽ ã«ã¯ããããªããŠã ãã
ãªãžããŠã ãã€ãœãããªããŠã ã3Hâã€ã³ããª
ãŠã ããã³ããïœ ãã€ã³ããªãŠã ããªããµãŸãªãŠ
ã ããªããµãŸãªããŠã ããã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããã¢ãŸãª
ããŠã ãã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠã ãã»ã¬ããŸãªããŠã ãã€
ãããŸãªãŠã ãã€ãããŸãªããŠã ããã³ãŸããµãŸ
ãªããŠã ããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸ
ãªãŠã ããã³ãã€ãããŸãªãŠã ããããããµãŸãª
ãŠã ãããããã¢ãŸãªãŠã ããããã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠ
ã ããã¢ãŸãªããŠã ããžãããããããã¢ãŸãªãŠ
ã ãããªãªãŠã ããã³ã€ãããŸãã©ãžããŠã 第å
çŽå¡©ããå°ããããããªãã¡ãã³çµåã«ãã€ãŠçµ
åãããïŒã€ã®å¡©åºæ§è€çŽ ç°æ žãå«ãŸããã ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³åå å¢æè²çŽ ã«ã¯ããã«ãããŒã«
é žãïŒâããªãã«ãããŒã«é žãããŒããã³ããã
ã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâããªããã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâããªãã
ã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâãã©ãŸãªã³âïŒâãªã³ãïŒâã€ãœ
ããµãŸãªã³âïŒâãªã³ãã€ã³ãã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãª
ã³ãã·ã¯ããããµã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ãïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžãªããµã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ããã©ãŸãªã³âïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžãªã³ããã³ã¿ã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ããããªã«ãããããããªã«ã
ã€ãœãããªã³âïŒâãªã³ããã³ã¯ããã³âïŒïŒïŒ
âãžãªã³ããèªå°ããããããªé žæ§æ žãšã·ã¢ãã³
è²çŽ åã®å¡©åºæ§è€çŽ ç°æ žãšãã¡ãã³çµåã«ããçµ
åããããã®ãå«ãã ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®åå å¢æè²çŽ ãçšããããšã
ã§ããå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«å šäœã«äºãæ³¢é·ã«æ倧æ床
ãæãäžã€éåžžã«ãã©ãšãã€ã«å¯ãåå æ床æ²ç·
圢ç¶ãæããè²çŽ ãç¥ãããŠãããè²çŽ ã®éžæã
ãã³çžå¯Ÿçãªå²åã¯å¢æãæãŸããŠããã¹ãã¯ã
ã«ã®é å䞊ã³ã«æãŸããŠããåå æ床æ²ç·ã®åœ¢ç¶
ã«äŸåãããéè€ããåå æ床æ²ç·ãæããè²çŽ
ã¯ãã°ãã°ãéè€é åã®ããããã®æ³¢é·ã«ããã
æ床ãåã ã®è²çŽ ã®æ床ã®åãšã»ãŒçããçµåã
ããã圢ã®æ²ç·ã瀺ããåŸã€ãŠãç°ãªãæ倧æ床
ãæããè€æ°ã®è²çŽ ãçµåãããŠçšããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠãåã ã®è²çŽ ã®æ倧æ床ã®äžéã«æ倧å€ãæ
ããåå æ床æ²ç·ãåŸãããšãã§ããã è€æ°ã®åå å¢æè²çŽ ãçµåãã䜿çšããããšã
ã§ããããã«ãã€ãŠè¶ å¢æãå³ã¡ãããåå é å
ã«ãããŠããããã®åå å¢æè²çŽ ã®äžæ¹ãåç¬ã§
ãããªãæ¿åºŠã«ãããŠçšããå Žåããã倧ããã
ãŸããããã®åå å¢æè²çŽ ã®å æçå¹æã«ç±æ¥ã
ãå¢æããã倧ããªåå å¢æãéæããããè¶ å¢
æã¯ãåå å¢æè²çŽ 䞊ã³ã«ä»ã®æ·»å å€ïŒäŸãã°å®
å®å€åã³ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€ãŸãã¯æå¶
å€ãã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å©å€ãèå å¢çœå€ããã³åž¯é»é²
æ¢å€ïŒã®éžã°ããçµåãã«ãã€ãŠéæããããè¶
å¢æã®åå ãšãªãåŸãããã€ãã®æ©æ§ããã³åå
ç©ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããããžã«ãã³ïŒGilmanïŒããè¶
å¢ææ©æ§ã®æŠèŠ³ïŒReview of the Mechanisms
of SupersensitizationïŒããããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»
ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ïŒ18å·»ïŒ
1974ïŒpp.418â430ã«èšèŒãããŠããã åå å¢æè²çŽ ã¯ãŸãä»ã®æ¹æ³ã§ä¹³å€ã«åœ±é¿ãäž
ããããŸããåå å¢æè²çŽ ã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2131038å·ããã³å第3930860å·ã«é瀺ããããã
ã«ããã²ã³å容äœãŸãã¯é»åå容äœãã«ããªé²æ¢
å€ãŸãã¯å®å®å€ãçŸåä¿é²å€ãŸãã¯æå¶å€ãšããŠ
äœçšããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãå¢æããã®ã«æçšãªåå å¢
æå€ã®äžã«ã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒã
176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒã»ã¯ã·ãšã³
ã«èšèŒããããã®ãããããšãŒãžããåå å¢æ
ãæ¹åããããã«çšããå Žåã«ãç²åè¡šé¢ã«ååš
ãããã©ã€ãã眮ãæããããšãã§ããããã«ã
ãç²åããšãŠããã²ã³åéç²åã«å€æããããšã
ã§ããã éå¹³æ¿ç¶åã¯äœã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³å
éç²åãå«ãä¹³å€å±€ãåå å¢æããã®ã«åžžçšãã
ãéã®è²çŽ ãçšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®å®å š
ãªå©ç¹ãããããããã«ãæé©éïŒå³ã¡ãé²å æ¡
件äžã«ç²åããéæãåŸãæ倧åçæ床ã®å°ãªã
ãšã60ïŒ ãéæããã«ååãªéïŒã®åå å¢æè²çŽ
ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®ç²åè¡šé¢ã«åž
åããããããšãæãŸããã䜿çšããè²çŽ ã®é
ã¯ãçšããç¹å®ã®è²çŽ ãããã¯éžã°ããææã®çµ
åãã䞊ã³ã«ç²åã®å€§ããåã³ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã«åº
ã¥ããŠå€ããã§ããããæé©ã®åå å¢æããè¡šé¢
å¢æããã²ã³åéç²åã®å©çšå¯èœãªåèšè¡šé¢ç©ã®
çŽ25ã100ïŒ ãããã¯ãã以äžã«çžåœããååå
局被èŠéã«ãããŠææ©è²çŽ ãçšããå Žåã«éæã
ããããšã¯åçæè¡åéã«ãããŠç¥ãããŠããã
å³ã¡ããã®ããšã¯äŸãã°ããŠãšã¹ãïŒWestïŒçã
ãåçä¹³å€ã«ãããå¢æè²çŽ ã®åžçïŒThe
Adsorption of Sensitizing Dyes in
Photographic EmulsionsïŒãïŒãžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãª
ãã»ãã€ãžã«ã«ã»ã±ãã¹ããªãŒïŒ56å·»ïŒp1065ïŒ
1952ïŒã¹ãã³ã¹ïŒSpenceïŒçããå¢æè²çŽ ã®æžæ
ïŒDesensitzation of Sensitizing DyesïŒãïŒãžã€
ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ãã€ãžã«ãã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã³ãã€ãã»
ã±ãã¹ããªãŒïŒ56å·»ïŒïŒå·ïŒ1948幎ïŒæïŒ
pp.1090ã1103ïŒããã³ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3979213å·ã«èš
èŒãããŠããæé©ãªè²çŽ æ¿åºŠã¬ãã«ã¯ãã¡ãŒãº
ïŒMeesïŒãã»ãªãªãŒã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€
ãã¯ã»ããã»ã¹ïŒ1942ïŒãã¯ãã©ã³ïŒpp.1067ã
1069ïŒã«æ瀺ãããææ³ã«ããéžã°ããã åå å¢æã¯ããããŸã§æçšã§ãããšç¥ãããŠã
ãä¹³å€èª¿è£œã®ãããªã段éã«ãããŠè¡ãããšãã§
ããæãæ®éã«ã¯ãåå å¢æã¯ååŠå¢æã®å®äºåŸ
ã«åŒç¶ããŠè¡ããããããããªãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3628960å·åã³å第4225666å·ã«æ瀺ãããããã«
åå å¢æã¯ååŠå¢æãšåæã«è¡ãããšãã§ãããŸ
ãååŠå¢æã«å šãå ç«ã€ãŠè¡ãããšãã§ãããã
ã«ããã²ã³åéç²åæ²æŸ±çæã®å®äºåã«åå å¢æ
ãéå§ããããšãã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4225666å·
ã«æ瀺ãããããã«ãåå å¢æè²çŽ ãåããŠä¹³å€
äžã«å°å ¥ããããšãå³ã¡ãåå å¢æè²çŽ ã®äžéšã
ååŠå¢æã«å ç«ã€ãŠååšããããæ®éšãååŠå¢æ
ã®åŸã§å°å ¥ããããšãå¯èœã§ãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4225666å·ãšã¯çžéããŠãããã²ã³åéã®80ïŒ ã
æ²æŸ±ããåŸã«åå å¢æè²çŽ ãä¹³å€ã«å ããããšã
ã§ãããååŠããã³ïŒãŸãã¯åå å¢æã®éçšã§åŸª
ç°ãå«ãpAg調ç¯ã«ãã€ãŠå¢æãé«ããããšãã§
ããpAg調ç¯ã®äŸã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€
ãŒïŒ181å·»ïŒ1979幎ïŒæïŒã¢ã€ãã 18155ã«èšèŒã
ããŠããã ïŒã€ã®å¥œãŸãã圢æ ã«ãããŠãåå å¢æå€ã¯ã
ãã²ã³åéã®æ²æŸ±ã®çæã®å®äºåŸã§ãååŠå¢æã®
åã«ãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€äžã«æ··å ¥ããããšãã§ã
ãããŸããããå Žåã«ã¯ãä»äžãå€æ§å€ã®ãããª
ä»ã®åžçå¯èœç©è³ªãååŠå¢æã«å ç«ã€ãŠä¹³å€äžã«
å°å ¥ããããšã«ããåæ§ãªçµæãéæãããã åžçå¯èœç©è³ªãåãã€ãŠæ··å ¥ããããšãšã¯ç¬ç«
ããŠãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2642361å·ã«æ瀺ãããããã«
ååŠå¢æã®éçšã§éã«åºã¥ããŠçŽïŒÃ10-1ãïŒã¢
ã«ïŒ ã®ããªã·ã¢ããŒããçšããããšãæãŸããã
ååŠå¢æã®éçšã§ä»ã®çæå€ãçšããããšãã§ã
ãã äžè¿°ã®ææ³ã®ããããäžæ¹ãŸãã¯äž¡è ãšçµåã
ããŠããŸãã¯ããããšã¯ç¬ç«ããŠã第ïŒã®ææ³ãš
ããŠãåå å¢æããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³
å€ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®æå®ã®å¥ã
ã®äœçœ®ã§ååŠå¢æããã®ã奜ãŸãããåå å¢æè²
çŽ ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®äž»èŠè¡šé¢ã圢æããçµæ¶è¡šé¢ã«
åªå çã«åžçãããããšã«ãã€ãŠãååŠå¢æãå¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åã®äºãã«ç°ãªãçµæ¶è¡šé¢ã§éžæçã«èµ·ã
ãåŸããã®ãšæããããéžæçã«åžåãããè²çŽ
ãšãšãã«çããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®ã³ãŒããŒã«ãããã
ãã²ã³åéã®æ²ç©ã¯ç²åã®æ床ãå¢å€§ããããã
ã®åŸéåžžã®ååŠå¢æã¯ä¹³å€ã®æ床ãå¢å€§ãããã
ããšãã§ããã ãã¹ãŠã®å©ç¹ãéæããããã«å¿ ãããå¿ èŠã§
ã¯ãªãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã¯ä»£è¡šçãªå®çšç補
é æ³ã«åŸãã°æé©ã«ååŠããã³åå å¢æãããã
å³ã¡ãå¯èœãªäœ¿çšããã³åŠçæ¡ä»¶äžã«å¢æã¹ãã¯
ãã«é åã«ãããŠãããã®ç²åããéæãããæ
倧logæ床ã®å°ããšã60ïŒ ã«çžåœããæ床ãéæ
ããããšãæãŸããã®ã§ãããããã§logæ床ãš
ã¯100ïŒïŒâlogEïŒãæå³ãããã®åŒã«ãããŠïŒ¥
ã¯ã«ããªäž0.1ã®æ¿åºŠã«ãããŠã¡ãŒãã«âãã€ã³
ãã«âç§ã§è¡šç€ºããé²å éã§ãããä¹³å€å±€äžã®ã
ãã²ã³åéç²åãäžæŠç¹åŸŽã¥ãããªãã°ãããç
æç©ãä»ã®è£œé è ã®å¹æµãåŸãååã«é¢ããŠæé©
ã«ååŠããã³åå å¢æãããŠãããåŠãã¯ãã補
ååæããã³æ§èœè©äŸ¡ãè¡ãããšã«ããå€æãã
ããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®é®®é床ã®å©ç¹ãéæãã
ããã«ã¯ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãå¹ççã«åã¯éå¹
ççã«ååŠå¢æåã¯åå å¢æãããŠãããã©ãã
ãšããããšã¯éèŠã§ã¯ãªãã äžè¿°ã®ããã«æ²æŸ±çææ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠäžæŠå¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åä¹³å€ãçæããããæŽæµããå¢æãããªã
ã°ãåžžçšãããåççšæ·»å å€ãé åããããšã«ã
ããããã®èª¿è£œãå®äºããããšãã§ãããããŠã
ãããã¯éåãçæãã¹ãåçå¿çšåéãäŸã
ã°ãéåžžã®é»çœåçã«å¿çšããããšãã§ããã éåã圢æããããšãæå³ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³
å€ãæããåçèŠçŽ ã¯ãåŠçã®éã«è¿œå ã®ç¡¬èå€
ãé åããå¿ èŠããªãçšåºŠã«åå硬èåããããš
ãã§ããããã®ç¡¬èåã«ãã€ãŠãåæ§ã«ç¡¬èåã
äžã€åŠçãããéå¹³æ¿ç¶ãŸãã¯é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã
ãäœãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãçšããå
çèŠçŽ ãšæ¯èŒããŠé被èŠåãå¢å€§ããããšãã§ã
ããç¹ã«ãé»çœåçèŠçŽ ã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶
ç²åä¹³å€å±€ããã³ãã®ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ãã
ãããã®å±€ã®èšæœ€åºŠã200ïŒ æªæºã«äœæžããã«å
åãªçšåºŠç¡¬èåããããšãã§ãããããã§ãèšæœ€
åºŠïŒ ã¯ã(a)åçèŠçŽ ã38âããã³çžå¯Ÿæ¹¿åºŠ50ïŒ ã«
ãããŠïŒæ¥éç¶æãã(b)å±€ã®åãã枬å®ãã(c)å
çèŠçŽ ã20âã®èžçæ°Žäžã«ïŒåé浞挬ãã次ãã§
(d)å±€ã®åãå€åã枬å®ããããšã«ãã決å®ãã
ããéåã®åœ¢æãæå³ããåçèŠçŽ ãåŠç液äžã«
硬èå€ãé åããå¿ èŠããªãçšåºŠã«ç¡¬èåããã
ãšã¯ç¹ã«æãŸããããã©ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã®
硬èåã®çšåºŠã¯ãããªãåžžçšãããæ°Žæºã§ãã€ãŠ
ããããããã«ãåŠç液äžã«ç¡¬èåãé åããã
ãšãå¯èœã§ããããã®ããšã¯ãç¹ã«ã©ãžãªã°ã©ã
ã€ãŒææã®åŠçã«é¢ããŠã§ã¯ããããäŸãã°ããª
ãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ãããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ184å·»ïŒ1979幎ïŒ
æïŒã¢ã€ãã 18431ïŒïŒ«é ã«èšèŒãããŠããã 代衚çãªé å硬èå€ïŒå硬èå€ïŒã¯ãªãµãŒãã»
ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€
ãã 17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒãããŠããã ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978
幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒããããã
ã«ãå®å®å€ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ããã³ã¯é²æ¢å€ãæœå
å®å®å€ããã³åæ§ãªæ·»å å€ãã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°åã«ä¹³
å€åã³é£æ¥å±€ã«æ··å ¥ããããšã«ããããã¬åä¹³å€
ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ã«ãããæå°æ¿åºŠïŒå³ã¡ã«ããªïŒã
å¢å€§ãããŸãã¯çŽæ¥ããžåä¹³å€ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ã«ã
ããæå°æ¿åºŠãå¢å€§ãããããã¯æ倧æ¿åºŠãäœæž
ããããäžå®å®æ§ãã解æŸããããšãã§ãããC.
E.K.ã¡ãŒãºïŒMeesïŒïŒã¶ã»ã»ãªãªãŒã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»
ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ããã»ã¹ïŒç¬¬ïŒçïŒãã¯ã
ã©ã³ïŒ1954ïŒpp.677â680ã«èšèŒãããããã«ã
ä¹³å€ã«æå¹ãªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã®å€ãã¯ãŸãçŸåå€ã«
é åããããšãã§ãããŸãïŒïŒïŒã®äžè¬çãªèŠåº
ãã®ããšã«åé¡ããããšãã§ããã ã¢ã«ãããã¿ã€ãã®ç¡¬èå€ãçšããããå Žåã
ä¹³å€å±€ã¯éåžžã®ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã«ããä¿è·ããããš
ãã§ããã å¢æå€ã硬èå€ã䞊ã³ã«ã«ããªé²æ¢å€åã³å®å®
å€ã®ä»ã«çš®ã ã®åžžçšãããåççšæ·»å å€ãååšã
ãããããšãã§ããã䜿çšããæ·»å å€ã®å ·äœçãª
éžåºã¯åçå©çšåéã«ãããç¹æ§ã«äŸåããåœæ¥
è ãªãã°å®¹æã«éæãåŸããçš®ã ã®æçšãªæ·»å å€
ã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978
幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ã«èšèŒãããŠãããåæ
ç®ã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒãããããã«èå
å¢çœå€ãé åããããšãã§ããããŸããåæç®
é ã«èšèŒãããåŠããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ããã³å
çèŠçŽ ã®å¥ã ã®å±€äžã«åžåæ§åã³æ£ä¹±æ§ç©è³ªãçš
ããããšãã§ããããŸããXIé ã«èšèŒãããåŠ
ããã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°å©å€ããã³XIIé ã«èšèŒãããåŠ
ãå¯å¡å€ããã³æ»å€ãååšããããããšãã§ã
ããé ã«èšèŒãããããã«åž¯é»é²æ¢å±€ãååš
ããããããšãã§ãããæ·»å ç©ã®æ·»å æ¹æ³ã¯
é ã«èšèŒãããŠãããé ã«èšèŒãããããã«
è·æ¶å€ãé åããããšãã§ãããææãªãã°ã
é ããã³XIé ã«èšèŒãããããã«çŸåå€ãã
ã³çŸåå€æ§å€ãé åããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã«
ä¿ãä¹³å€ãå«ãåçèŠçŽ ã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒåéã§
å©çšããå Žåã«ã¯ã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒèŠçŽ ã®ä¹³å€ã
ãã³ãã®ä»ã®å±€ãäžã«åŒçšãããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹
ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒã¢ã€ãã 18431ã«å ·äœçã«èšèŒã
ãããããªã圢æ ãšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã«
ä¿ãä¹³å€äžŠã³ã«åçèŠçŽ äžã«ä»ã®åžžçšããããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãäžéå±€ããªãŒããŒã³ãŒãããã³
äžå¡å±€ãååšããããå Žåãããã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ã
ã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ã
ã 17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒãããåŠãã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°
ãã也ç¥ããããšãã§ããã åœæ¥è éã«ç¢ºç«ãããæ £è¡ã«åŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã«ä¿
ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãçžäºã«ãŸãã¯
ããããšåžžçšãããä¹³å€ãšããã¬ã³ãããããšã«
ãã€ãŠç¹å®ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã«èŠæ±ãããç¹æ§ãæºè¶³ãã
ããããšãã§ãããäŸãã°ãè€æ°ã®ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³
ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠãæå®ç®çãæºè¶³ããããã«
åçèŠçŽ ã®ç¹æ§æ²ç·ã調ç¯ããããšãã§ãããã
ã¬ã³ãã«ãã€ãŠãé²å ããã³åŠçã«ãã€ãŠéæã
ããæ倧匷床ãå¢å€§ãããŸãã¯äœæžããæå°æ¿åºŠ
ãäœæžãããŸãã¯å¢å€§ããäžã€ç¹æ§æ²ç·ã®åœ¢ç¶ã
ã€ãŸå ãšè©éšã®éã§èª¿ç¯ããããšãã§ããããã®
çºã«æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãäžèšãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯
ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã
17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒããããããªåžžçšããããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšãã¬ã³ãããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãçšããåçèŠçŽ ã¯ãæãå
çŽãªåœ¢æ ã§ã¯ãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åèå¡©åé
ä¹³å€ãå«ãåäžä¹³å€å±€ãšåçæ¯æäœãå«ãããã¡
ãããïŒä»¥äžã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€äžŠã³ã«ãªãŒã
ãŒã³ãŒããäžå¡å±€ããã³äžéå±€ãå«ãŸããããšã
ã§ãããäžè¿°ã®ããã«ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³ãããããšã«
代ããŠãã¬ã³ããã¹ãä¹³å€ãããããå¥ã®å±€ãšã
ãŠã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ããããšã«ãã€ãŠåæ§ãªå¹æãé
æããããšãã§ãããä¹³å€å±€ãå¥ã ã«ã³ãŒãã€ã³
ã°ããŠé²å 蚱容ç¯å²ãåŸãããšã¯åçæè¡åéã«
ãããŠåšç¥ã§ãã€ãŠãããšãªã¯ãã³ïŒZelikmanïŒ
ããã³ã¬ãïŒLeviïŒãã¡ãŒãã³ã°ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã³ãŒ
ãã€ã³ã°ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãšãã«ãžãšã³
ãºïŒããªãŒã«ã«ãã¬ã¹ïŒ1964幎ïŒpp.234â238ïŒ
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3663228å·ããã³è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬923045å·
ã«èšèŒãããŠãããããã«ãé«æ床ããã³äœæ床
ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³ãã§ã¯ãªãå¥ã ã®å±€ã«ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°
ããããšã«ãã€ãŠåçæ床ãå¢å€§ãããåŸãããš
ãåçæè¡åéã«ãããŠåšç¥ã§ãããéåžžé«æ床
ä¹³å€å±€ã¯äœæ床乳å€å±€ãããé²å æºã«è¿ãäœçœ®ã«
ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ããããã®ææ³ã¯ïŒãŸãã¯ãã以äž
ç©å±€ããä¹³å€å±€ã®èª¿è£œã«å¿çšããããšãã§ããã
ãã®ãããªå±€æ§æã¯æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã®å®æœã«ã
ããŠãå©çšå¯èœã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã®å±€ã¯çš®ã ã®æ¯æäœäžã«ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°
圢æããããšãã§ããã代衚çãªåçæ¯æäœã«ã¯
éåäœãã€ã«ã ãæšæç¹ç¶ïŒäŸãã°çŽïŒãéå±ã·
ãŒãããã³ããªã€ã«ãã¬ã©ã¹ããã³ã»ã©ããã¯æ¯
æäœèŠçŽ ãããããããã¯æ¯æäœè¡šé¢ã®æ¥çæ§ã
垯é»é²æ¢æ§ã寞æ³å®å®æ§ãèæ©èæ§ã硬ããæ©æŠ
ç¹æ§ããã¬ã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢æ§ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®
ä»ã®ç¹æ§ãåäžããçºã«ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®äžå¡å±€
ã圢æããããšãã§ããããããã®æ¯æäœã¯åœæ¥
çã«ãããŠåšç¥ã§ãã€ãŠãäŸãã°ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€
ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã
17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒãããŠããã åæ°ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã¯é垞察å®ããå¹³ããª
äž»èŠè¡šé¢ãæããæ¯æäœäžã«é£ç¶å±€ãšããŠã³ãŒã
ã€ã³ã°ãããããå¿ ãããããã§ãªããšãããã
ä¹³å€å±€ã¯å¹³ãã¯æ¯æäœè¡šé¢äžã«è€æ°ã®æšªæ¹åã«å€
äœããå±€ã»ã°ã¡ã³ããšããŠã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ããããš
ãã§ãããåæ°ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®ä¹³å€å±€ãã»ã°ã¡ã³ã
ãšããå Žåã埮åæ§æ¯æäœãçšããããšãæãŸã
ããæçšãªåŸ®åæ§æ¯æäœã¯PCTåºé¡å ¬å第
W080ïŒ01614ïŒ1980幎ïŒæïŒæ¥å ¬åïŒãã«ã®ãŒç¹
蚱第881513å·ïŒ1980幎ïŒæïŒæ¥ïŒã«å¯Ÿå¿ïŒããã³
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4307165å·ã«é瀺ãããŠããã埮现å
ã®å€§ããã¯å¹ ïŒã200ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãæ·±ã
1000ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ä»¥äžãšããããšãã§ããã
äžè¬ã«ãéåžžã®é»çœåçåéãç¹ã«åçåãåŒäŒž
ã°ãå Žåã«ã¯ã埮现åã®å€§ããã¯å¹ å°ããšãïŒã
ã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ãæ·±ã200ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæº
ã奜ãŸãããæè¯ã®å€§ããã¯å¹ ããã³æ·±ãããã
ãçŽ10ã100ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãæããåçèŠçŽ ã¯åžžçšãã
ããããªãæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠãåç¶ã«é²å ããããšã
ã§ãããããã«ã€ããŠã¯äžèšãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯
ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒé ãåç §ãã
ãããæ¬çºæã¯ç¹ã«ãååšããåå å¢æå€ãæ倧
åžåã瀺ãã¹ãã¯ãã«é åã«ãããŠé»ç£ç·ãçšã
ãŠåç¶é²å ãè¡ãå Žåæçšã§ãããåçèŠçŽ ã«é
è²ãç·è²ãèµ€è²ãŸãã¯èµ€å€é²å ãèšé²ããå Žå
ã¯ãéè²ãç·è²ãèµ€è²ãŸãã¯ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®èµ€å€éš
åã«åžåãããåå å¢æå€ãååšãããããé»çœ
åã®åéã§ã¯åçèŠçŽ ããªã«ãœã¯ããããã¯ãŸã
ã¯ãã³ã¯ããããã¯ã«å¢æããããŠå¯èŠãã¯ãã«
å ã«ãããæ床ã延ã°ãããšãæãŸãããã¬ãŒã¶
ãŒã«ãã€ãŠçæãããé²å ã«çšãããã茻å°ç·ã¯
éå¹²æžæ§ïŒã©ã³ãã çžïŒãŸãã¯å¹²æžæ§ïŒã€ã³ã»ã
ãšã€ãºïŒã®ãããã§ãã€ãŠããããé«ãããã¯äœ
匷床é²å ãéæ¬ çãããã¯é£ç¶çé²å ãæ°åãã
æ°ããªç§ããã€ã¯ãç§ãšããæ¯èŒççãæéã«äº
ãé²å æéããã³ãœã©ãªãŒãŒã·ãšã³é²å ãå«ãã
åžžæž©ãé«æž©ãããã¯äœæž©ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯åžžå§ãé«
å§ãããã¯äœå§ã«ãããåé²å ããããããã€ã»
ãšã€ãã»ãžãšã€ã ãºïŒã¶ã»ã»ãªãªãŒã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»
ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ïŒããã»ã¹ïŒç¬¬ïŒçïŒãã¯ã
ã©ã³ïŒ1977幎ïŒç¬¬ïŒïŒïŒïŒ17ïŒ18ããã³23ç« ã«èš
èŒãããåŠããåžžçšãããã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒææ³
ã«ãã決å®ãããæçšãªæå¿ç¯å²å ã«ãããŠçšã
ãããšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ ã«å«ãŸããæå æ§ããã²ã³åéã¯ãé²
å ã«åŒç¶ããŠãã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§åªäœãŸãã¯åçèŠçŽ äž
ã«å«ãŸããçŸåå€ã®ååšäžã«ããã²ã³åéãæ°Žæ§
ã¢ã«ã«ãªåªäœãšçµåãããããšã«ãã€ãŠåžžæ³ã«åŸ
ã€åŠçããå¯èŠåã圢æããããšãã§ããã åçèŠçŽ äžã«äžæŠéåã圢æããããåŸãæªçŸ
åã®ããã²ã³åéãå®çããã®ãæ®éã®æ¹æ³ã§ã
ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã¯ç¹ã«ããçæéã«å®çãå®äºå¯èœãšããç¹ã§æ
å©ã§ãããããã«ãã€ãŠå éãããåŠçãå¯èœãš
ãªãã éåãçæããããã®äžè¿°ã®åçèŠçŽ ããã³æ
æ³ã¯è²çŽ ãçšããŠã«ã©ãŒåãçæããã®ã«å®¹æã«
é©çšããããšãã§ãããããããææ å¯èœãªã«ã©
ãŒåãåŸãæãç°¡åãªææ³ã«ãããŠã¯ãåžžçšãã
ãè²çŽ ãåçèŠçŽ ã®æ¯æäœäžã«æ··å ¥ããããšãã§
ãããããŠäžè¿°ã®åŠãéåã®åœ¢æãè¡ãããšãã§
ãããéåã圢æãããé åã«ãããŠã¯åçèŠçŽ
ã¯å®è³ªçã«å ééæ§ã§ãªããªãããã®ä»ã®é åã§
ã¯æ¯æäœã®è²ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠå ãééããããã®ãã
ã«ããŠã«ã©ãŒåã容æã«åœ¢æããåŸãããããšå
äžå¹æã¯ãŸããå¥ã®è²çŽ ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ãŸãã¯è²çŽ
ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒèŠçŽ ãšéææ¯æäœèŠçŽ ãæããèŠçŽ ãš
ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠéæããããšãã§ããã ããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã¯è²çŽ ã®éžæçç Žå£ãŸã
ã¯åœ¢æã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ åã圢æããã®ã«çšããããš
ãã§ããäžè¿°ã®éåã圢æããããã®åçèŠçŽ
ã¯ããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ
1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒïŒïŒ€é ã«èšèŒ
ãããããã«ã«ã©ãŒã«ãã©ãŒã®ãããªè²çŽ å圢æ
å€ãå«æããçŸåå€ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ å
ã圢æããã®ã«çšããããšãã§ããããã®ãããª
圢æ ã«ãããŠãçŸåå€ã¯ãé žåããã圢æ ã«ãã
ãŠã«ãã©ãŒãšåå¿ïŒã«ããªã³ã°ïŒããŠè²çŽ åã圢
æãåŸãã«ã©ãŒçŸåå€ïŒäŸãã°ã第äžçŽè³éŠæã¢
ãã³ïŒãå«ãã è²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯ãããã¯åžžæ³ã«åŸã€ãŠå
çèŠçŽ äžã«æ··å ¥ããããšãã§ãããè²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«
ãã©ãŒã¯ç°ãªãåçå¹æãéæããããã«ç°ãªã
éã§æ··å ¥ããããšãã§ããäŸãã°ãé被èŠéã«é¢
ãã«ãã©ãŒã®æ¿åºŠã¯é«æ床åã³äžéæ床乳å€å±€ã«
éåžžçšããããéããäœãå¶éããããšãã§ã
ãã è²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯éåžžãæžæ³æ··è²åè²ïŒå³
ã¡ãé»ãããŒã³ã¿ããã³ã·ã¢ã³ïŒç»åè²çŽ ã圢æ
ããããã«éžã°ãããããã®ã«ãã©ãŒã¯éæ¡æ£æ§
ç¡è²ã«ãã©ãŒã§ãããç¹å®ã®åçå¿çšåéã§æãŸ
ãå¹æãéæããããã«åäžãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®å¥ã ã®
å±€ã«ãããåå¿é床ãçžéããè²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©
ãŒãçšããããšãã§ãã è²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã¯ã«ããªã³ã°ã«ãã€ãŠãçŸ
åæå¶å€ã¿ããä¿é²å€ãæŒçœä¿é²å€ãçŸåå€ãã
ãã²ã³åé溶å€ããããŒã硬èå€ãã«ããªå€ãã«
ããªé²æ¢å€ã競äºã«ãã©ãŒãååŠãŸãã¯åå å¢æ
å€ããã³æžæå€ã®ãããªåççã«æçšãªãã©ã°ã¡
ã³ããæŸåºãããçŸåæå¶å€æŸåºæ§ïŒDIRïŒã«ã
ã©ãŒã¯åçåéã«ãããŠåšç¥ã§ããããããã¯ã
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4248962å·ã«èšèŒãããããã«ã«ããª
ã³ã°æã«çš®ã ã®åççã«æçšãªåºãæŸåºããéè²
çŽ æ§ååç©ã䞊ã³ã«è²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã§ããã
é žåããã«ã©ãŒçŸåå€ãšåå¿ããéè²çŽ ã圢æã
ãªãDIRååç©ããŸãçšããããšãã§ããããªã
ããã³ä¹³å€ã®ããã«æ¯èŒçæå æ§ã«ä¹ããããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯çŸåæå¶å€ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ãã®ç§»è¡ãé»
æ¢ãŸãã¯æå¶ããããã«äžéå±€ããã³ãªãŒããŒã³
ãŒãå±€ãšããŠå©çšããã åçèŠçŽ ã«ã¯ããã¬ã«ã©ãŒåçšç©å±€ãã¹ã¯ã圢
ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã®ãããªçè²ããè²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©
ãŒåã³ïŒãŸãã¯ç«¶äºã«ãã©ãŒãæ··å ¥ããããšãã§
ãããåçèŠçŽ ã«ã¯ããã«ç»åè²çŽ å®å®å€ãé å
ããããšãã§ããããããã¯ãã¹ãŠãªãµãŒãã»ã
ã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒ176å·»ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã¢ã€ã
ã 17643ïŒé ã«èšèŒãããŠããã è²çŽ ç»å圢ææ§éå å€ã«çµåãããŠäžæŽ»æ§é·ç§»
éå±ã€ãªã³é¯äœã®åœ¢æ ãæããé žåå€ãåã³ïŒå
ã¯ãã«ãªãã·ãé žåå€ãçšããæ¹æ³ãæ¡çšããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠè²çŽ ç»åã圢æããŸãã¯å¢å¹ ããããš
ãã§ãããåçèŠçŽ ã¯è²çŽ ç»åã圢æããã®ã«ç¹
ã«é©åããã éâè²çŽ âæŒçœæ³ã®ãããªè²çŽ ãŸãã¯è²çŽ åé§
ç©è³ªã®éžæçç Žå£ã«ãã€ãŠåçèŠçŽ ã«è²çŽ åã圢
æããããšãã§ããã æŒçœã«ãã€ãŠçŸåããéãé€å»ããã®ã¯ããã²
ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã«è²çŽ ç»åã圢æããææ³ã«ãã
ãæ®éã®æ £è¡ã§ããããã®ãããªéã®é€å»ã¯åŠç
溶液ãŸãã¯åçèŠçŽ ã®ããå±€ã«æŒçœä¿é²å€ãŸãã¯
ãã®åé§ç©è³ªãæ··å ¥ããããšã«ããä¿é²ããããš
ãã§ãããããå Žåã«ã¯ãç¹ã«äžè¿°ã®ããã«è²çŽ
ç»åãå¢å¹ ããæã¯ãçŸåã«ãã圢æãããéã®
éã¯çæããè²çŽ ã®éãšæ¯èŒããŠå°ãããåŸã€
ãŠãå®è³ªçã«ç®ã«èŠãã圱é¿ãªãéæŒçœãçç¥ã
ãããããã«ä»ã®å¿çšã«ãããŠã¯ãéåãä¿æã
ãããããŠè²çŽ ç»åã¯ãã®éåã«ããæäŸããã
æ¿åºŠãé«ããŸãã¯è£ãããã«æŽ»çšããããéåã®
æ¿åºŠãè²çŽ ã§é«ããå Žåäžæ§ã®åäžè²çŽ ãŸãã¯å š
äœãšããŠäžæ§åãçæãåŸãè€æ°ã®è²çŽ ãçµåã
ãçšããããšãéåžžæãŸããã æ¬çºæåã¯å€è²åçåãçæããã®ã«çšããã
ãšãã§ãããäžè¬ã«å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ããã²ã³å
éä¹³å€å±€ãå«ããããªãåžžçšãããå€è²åèŠçŽ
ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ãæ·»å ãŸãã¯è©²ä¹³å€ã§çœ®æããããšã®ã¿ã«ãã€ãŠ
æ¹è¯å¯èœã§ãããæ¬çºæã¯å æ³å€è²åããã³æžæ³
å€è²åã®ãããã«ãå¿çšå¯èœã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®å æ³å€è²åãžã®å¿çšã«ã€ããŠèª¬
æãããšãéåãçæãåŸãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã
å«ãåçèŠçŽ ãšçµåãããŠãå éšé 眮éè²ãç·è²
ããã³èµ€è²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒèŠçŽ ãå«ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒè£ 眮
ãçšããããšãã§ããããã³ã¯ãããã€ãã¯ã«æ
å ããäžã€åçèŠçŽ ã®ïŒã€ã®å±€ã圢æããæ¬çºæ
ã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯å æ³æ··è²
åè²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒè£ 眮ãéããŠåé²å ããããéå
ãçæããåŠçãæœãããã€ã«ã¿ãŒè£ 眮ãéããŠ
èŠããšå€è²åãã¿ãããããã®ãããªåã¯ææ ã«
ãã€ãŠæãè¯ãèŠããããããæ ãåçèŠçŽ åã³
ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒè£ 眮ã¯ããããéææ¯æäœãä¿æãã
ããŸãã¯å ±åããŠåæ ããã æžæ³æ··è²åè²ç»åçæè²çŽ ã®çµåããã«ãã€ãŠ
å€è²åãçæããå€è²åçèŠçŽ ã«æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã
å¿çšããããšã«ããæ Œå¥ã®å©ç¹ãããããããšã
ã§ããããã®ãããªåçèŠçŽ ã¯æ¯æäœäžŠã³ã«é
åžžãéè²å ãç·è²å ããã³èµ€è²å ãããããã€ãš
ããŒïŒããŒã³ã¿ããã³ã·ã¢ã³è²çŽ åãšããŠå¥ã ã«
èšé²ããéãªãåã€ãå°ãªããšãïŒçµã®ããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€å±€ãããªãã äžèšã«è¿°ã¹ãåŠãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åå¡©
åéä¹³å€ãïŒçš®ã®ã¿å¿ èŠãšãããããå€è²åçèŠ
çŽ ã¯ããããéãç·åã³èµ€è²å ãèšé²ããããã®
å°ãªããšãïŒçš®ã®å¥ã ã®ä¹³å€ãå«ããå¿ èŠãšãã
ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åç·åã¯èµ€èšé²ä¹³å€ä»¥
å€ã®ä¹³å€ã¯åžžçšãããã©ã®ãããªåœ¢æ ã«ãã€ãŠã
ãããçš®ã ã®éåžžã®ä¹³å€ãäžèšã®ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€
ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒã¢ã€ãã 17643ïŒé ã«èª¬æã
ããŠãããïŒã€ä»¥äžã®ä¹³å€å±€ãã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®éã
ç·åã³ïŒåã¯èµ€éšãèšé²ããããã«äžããããŠã
ãã°ãå°ãªããšãæ床ã®é«ãæ¹ã®ä¹³å€å±€ãåè¿°ã
ãåŠãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãå«ãã®ã
奜ãŸããããã¡ãããåçèŠçŽ ã®éãç·åã³èµ€èš
é²ä¹³å€å±€ã®å šãŠããææã«ãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³
æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãããªãã®ãæå©ã§ãããšããããš
ã確èªãããŠããã å€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯ãã°ãã°ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãã
ãã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããããæãæ®éã®å€è²åçèŠçŽ
ã¯ïŒã€ã®éãªãåã€ãè²åœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠããããå«
ã¿ãããããã®è²åœ¢æå±€ãŠãããã¯ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®
ç°ãªã1/3ãèšé²ããããšãã§ãäžã€è£è²æžæ³æ··
è²åè²è²çŽ åãçæãåŸãå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ãã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãå«ããå³ã¡ãéè²ãç·è²ããã³
èµ€è²èšé²ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠããããããããã€ãš
ããŒïŒããŒã³ã¿ããã³ã·ã¢ã³è²çŽ åãçæããã®
ã«çšãããããè²çŽ åçæç©è³ªã¯å¿ ããããããª
ãã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããäžã«ååšããããªããš
ããããåŠç溶液ããå šãäŸçµŠããããšãã§ã
ããè²çŽ åçæç©è³ªãåçèŠçŽ äžã«èšããã«éã
ãŠã¯ãããä¹³å€å±€äžã«é 眮ããããšãã§ãããŸã
åãã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã®é£æ¥ä¹³å€å±€ããé ž
åãããçŸåãŸãã¯é»å移åå€ãå容ãã¹ãäœçœ®
ããå±€äžã«é 眮ããããšãã§ããã ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããéã§é žåããçŸåãŸã
ã¯é»å移åå€ã移åããŠè²ãå£åããã®ãé»æ¢ã
ãããã«äžè¬ã«ã¯ã¹ã«ãã³ãžã€ãŒãçšããããã
ã¹ã«ãã³ãžã€ãŒã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2937086å·ã«æ瀺ã
ããããã«ä¹³å€å±€èªèº«äžã«äœçœ®ããããããšãã§
ããããã³ïŒãŸãã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2336327å·ã«èšèŒ
ãããããã«äžéå±€ãé£æ¥ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãã
ãéã«é 眮ããããšãã§ããã åã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€ãŠãããã«ã¯åäžã®ä¹³å€å±€ã
å«ãŸããããšãã§ããããåäžã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€
ãŠãããäžã«ãã°ãã°ïŒïŒïŒãŸãã¯ãã以äžã®å
çæ床ã®ç°ãªãä¹³å€å±€ãèšãããããææå±€æ§æ
ãæ床ã®ç°ãªãè€æ°ã®å€è²ä¹³å€å±€ãåäžã«ã©ãŒåœ¢
ææ§å±€ãŠãããäžã«é 眮ããã®ãèš±ãã¬å Žåã¯ã
åäžåçèŠçŽ äžã«è€æ°ã®ïŒéåžžïŒãŸãã¯ïŒïŒé
è²ãç·è²ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯èµ€è²èšé²ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€
ãŠããããèšããã®ãäžè¬ã§ããã å€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯äžè¿°ã®èŠæ±ãæºããéãåžžçšã
ãããããªã圢æ ã§ãã€ãŠãããããŽãã³ãã¹ã
ã€ïŒGorokhovskiiïŒïŒã¹ãã¯ãã«ã»ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºã»
ãªãã»ã¶ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ããã»ã¹ïŒããª
ãŒã«ã«ã»ãã¬ã¹ïŒããŠãŒãšãŒã¯ïŒP.211ïŒè¡š27aã«
èšèŒãããïŒã€ã®å¯èœãªå±€é 眮ã®ããããæ¡çšå¯
èœã§ãããç°¡æãã€æ確ã«èª¬æãããªãã°ãåžžçš
ãããå€è²ããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã®èª¿è£œéçšã«ã
ããŠãã®ãããªåçèŠçŽ ã«ãã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®ãã€ã
ã¹éè²éšåã«æå¿ãããäžã€ä»ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã«å ç«ã€
ãŠæŸå°ç·æé²ãåããããã«ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®é«
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ãèšããããšãã§
ãããããããªããã倧äœã®å Žåãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠ
å±€é 眮ãæ¹å€ããããåŸæ¥ã®ãã€ãã¹éè²èšé²ä¹³
å€å±€ãïŒãŸãã¯ïŒä»¥äžã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åãã€ãã¹éè²èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã§çœ®ãæ¿ããããšãæ
ãŸãããä»ã®å±€é 眮ã¯äžèšã®å¥œãŸããäŸãåç §ã
ãã°ããæãããšãªããã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
äžèšã«ãããŠãïŒïŒ§ãåã³ïŒ²ã¯ããããéåžž
ã®ã¿ã€ãã®éãç·ãåã³èµ€èšé²ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€å
äœã瀺ããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœïŒ¢ïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®
åã«ããã¯ä¹³å€å±€ãåèšã«ãããŠãããããã
説æããããšãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãå«ãããšã瀺ã
ãŠãããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœïŒ¢ïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®å
ã«ããã¯ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœãåäžã®å±€é äœé
眮ã«ãããŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åäžã®1/3ã«ãããé²å
ãèšé²ããå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ä»ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€
åäœãããé«ãåçæ床ãæãããšããããšã瀺
ããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœïŒ¢ïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®åã«ã
ãã¯ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœãåäžã®å±€é äœé 眮ã«
ãããã¹ãã¯ãã«åäžã®1/3ã«ãããŠé²å ãèšé²
ããå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ä»ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœã
ããäœãåçæ床ãæãããšããããšç€ºãããã
ãŠILã¯ã¹ãã€ãã³ãžã€ãŒãå«ã¿ããã ãé»è²ã
ã€ã«ã¿ãŒææãå®è³ªçã«å«ãŸãªãäžéå±€ã瀺ãã
é«æ床ãŸãã¯äœæ床ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœã¯ãã
ãããå±€é äœé 眮ã«ãããŠå ããäœçœ®ã®ããã«ã
ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åäžã®1/3ã«ãããé²å ãèšé²ãã
ä»ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœãšã¯ããã®åçæ床ãåº
æã®æ床ç¹æ§ããŸãã¯äž¡è ã®çµåããã«ãããŠç°
ãªãããšãã§ããã å±€é äœé 眮ãªããã«ãããŠãæ¯æäœã®äœçœ®
ã¯ç€ºãããŠããªããæ £äŸã«ããã°ãæ¯æäœã»ãšã
ã©ã®å Žåé²å æŸå°ç·æºãããã€ãšãé ãäœçœ®ãã
ãªãã¡ç€ºãããå±€ã®äžã«ããã§ããããæ¯æäœã
ç¡è²ã§æ£ééæ§ããªãã¡éæã§ãããªãã°ãé²å
æºãšç€ºãããå±€ãšã®éã«ã€ãŠããããããäžè¬ç
ã«ããã°ãæ¯æäœã¯é²å æºãšæ¯æäœãããã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠéæã§ãããããªå ãèšé²ããããã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢
ææ§å±€åäœãšã®éã«ããããšãã§ããã æžæ³æ··è²ã®åè²è²çŽ ã®çµåãããããªãå€è²ç»
åã圢æããããã®åçä¹³å€ã¯éåžžã¯é åããã
è²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã®ããšãè²çŽ 圢ææ§ææãå«
ãè€æ°ã®éãåããå±€ã®åœ¢ããšãããã©ãããã
ã¯ãã¯ãå¿ èŠã§ã¯ãªããããããå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«
ã®1/3ã«ãããå ãèšé²ããããã®ããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€ãšè£è²æžæ³æ··è²ã®åè²è²çŽ ã圢æããããšã®
ã§ããã«ãã©ãŒãšãå«ããéåžžã¯ãã±ãããšåŒã°
ãããïŒçš®ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§æåã¯å€è²ç»åãçæ
ããããã®åäžå±€ã®åçèŠçŽ äžã«äžç·ã«ããããš
ãã§ãããå žåçãªæ··åãã±ããå€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2698794å·åã³å第2843489å·ã«é瀺ã
ããŠããã æ¬çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéä¹³å€ã¯ã
éå¹³æ¿ç¶åã³äœã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãšæ¯
èŒããŠãã€ã¢ã³ã°ã«ã®å æ£ä¹±ãå°ãªãããã«ãæ
å©ã§ãããããã¯å®éçã«ç€ºãããšãã§ããã第
ïŒå³ã«ãããŠãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ïŒã®ãµã³ãã«ã
1.08ïœïŒm2ã®é被èŠéã«ãããŠéæãªïŒæ£ééæ§
ã®ïŒæ¯æäœïŒäžã«å¡åžããããå³ç€ºãããŠããªã
ããã©ããä¹³å€åã³æ¯æäœã¯ãæ¯æäœåã³ä¹³å€ã®
è¡šé¢ã«ããããã¬ã¹ãã«åå°ãæå°ã«ãããã
ã«ãå®è³ªçã«ã€ãåã€ãå±æçãæãã液äœäžã«
浞挬ãããã®ã奜ãŸãããä¹³å€å±€ã¯å¹³è¡å æºïŒã«
ããæ¯æäœå¹³é¢ã«å¯ŸããŠçŽè§ã«é²å ããããå 軞
ã圢æããç¹ç·ïŒã§ç€ºãããéè·¯ã«ç¶ãå æºãã
ã®å ã¯ç¹ïŒ¡ã«ãããŠä¹³å€å±€ã«ããããæ¯æäœåã³
ä¹³å€ãééããå ã¯åç圢ã®æ€åºè¡šé¢ïŒã«ãããŠ
ä¹³å€ããäžå®ã®è·é¢ã«ãããŠæ€åºããããšãã§ã
ããåæå è·¯ã®å»¶é·ãšæ€åºè¡šé¢ãšã®äº€ç¹ã«ããç¹
ã«ãããŠæ倧匷床ã¬ãã«ã®å ãæ€åºãããã ä»»æã«éžæãããç¹ïŒ£ã第ïŒå³ã«ãããŠæ€åºè¡š
é¢äžã«ç€ºãããŠããããšïŒ£ã®éã®ç¹ç·ã¯ä¹³å€å±€
ã«å¯ŸããŠè§åºŠÏã圢æããç¹ïŒ£ãæ€åºè¡šé¢äžã移
åãããããšã«ããÏãïŒãã90ããŸã§å€ããã
ãšãã§ãããæ£ä¹±å ã®åŒ·åºŠãè§åºŠÏã®é¢æ°ãšããŠ
枬å®ããããšã«ããã环ç©å ååžãè§åºŠÏã®é¢æ°
ãšããŠæ±ºå®ããããšãã§ããïŒããã¯å 軞ïŒã®ãŸ
ããã«ãããå æ£ä¹±ãå転察称ã§ããããã§ã
ãïŒã环ç©å æ£ä¹±ã®èæ¯çãªèšè¿°ãšããŠã¯ããã
ã«ãïŒDepalmaïŒåã³ã®ã€ã¹ããŒïŒGasperïŒã
ãã¢ã³ãã«ã«ãæ³ã«ããåçä¹³å€ã®å åŠç¹æ§ã®æž¬
å®ïŒDetermining the Optical Properties of
Photographic Emulsions by the Monte Carlo
MethodïŒããããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã»
ã¢ã³ãã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ã16å·»ãïŒå·ã1971幎
ïŒãïŒæã181ã191é ãåç §ããããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ïŒã«å¯ŸããŠïŒã90ãã®å€ã«ã
ããè§åºŠÏã®é¢æ°ãšããŠçŽ¯ç©å ååžã決å®åŸãæ¯
æäœïŒã®ä»ã®éšåã«åãé被èŠéã§å¡åžããåã
å¹³åç²å容ç©ã®éåžžã®ä¹³å€ãçšããŠåãæäœãç¹°
ããããããïŒçš®ã®ãšãã«ãžãšã³ã«å¯Ÿãã70ããŸ
ã§ïŒåã³ããå Žåã«ã¯80°ãŸã§åã³ãã以äžïŒã®
Ïã®å€ã«é¢ããè§åºŠÏã®é¢æ°ãšããŠã®çŽ¯ç©å ååž
ã®æ¯èŒã«ãããŠãæ£ä¹±å ã®éã¯æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€
ã®æ¹ãå°ãªãã第ïŒå³ã«ãããŠãè§åºŠÎžã¯è§åºŠÏ
ã®æåãšããŠç€ºãããŠãããæ£ä¹±ã®è§åºŠã¯ãã®æ
现æžã§ã¯è§åºŠÎžã«é¢ããŠè°è«ããŠããããããã€
ãŠããã®çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã¯ãããäœããã€ã¢ã³ã°ã«æ£ä¹±ã瀺ãããã€ã¢ã³
ã°ã«å æ£ä¹±ã¯ç»åã®é®®é床ã«ãããé床ã®äœäžã
ããããããæ¬çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ä¹³å€ã¯ããããã®å Žåã«ããé®®éãªç»åãäžãã
ããšãã§ããã®ã§ããã ããã«å®çŸ©ããããã«ããéåè§ããªãèªã¯æ€
åºè¡šé¢ã«ãããå ã®ååãç·ACã極軞ã®ãŸãã
ã«è§åºŠÎžã§å転ãããããšã«ãã圢æãããã³ãŒ
ã³ã«ãã€ãŠèŠå®ãããé åå ã«ãããäžæ¹æ€åºè¡š
é¢ã«ãããå ã®ååãæ®ãã®é å以å€ã®æ€åºè¡šé¢
ã«ããããããªè§åºŠÎžã®å€ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®
äœäžããããã€ã¢ã³ã°ã«æ£ä¹±ç¹æ§ãç¹å¥ã®çè«ã«
ãã€ãŠèª¬æããããšããã€ããã§ã¯ãªãããã©
ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«ããæäŸããã
倧ããå¹³ããªäž»çµæ¶é¢ãªãã³ã«å¡åžå±€äžã®ç²åã®
é åã芳å¯ãããé®®é床ã«æ¹è¯ãäžãããã®ãšè
ãããããç¹ã«ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€äžã«ååšã
ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãã®äžã«ç²åãããããå¹³ããªæ¯
æäœè¡šé¢ãšå®è³ªçã«å¹³è¡ã«ãªã€ãŠãããšããããš
ã芳å¯ãããããããã€ãŠãä¹³å€å±€ã«ããããå
çèŠçŽ ã«å¯ŸããŠçŽè§ã«ãããããå ã¯ïŒã€ã®äž»çµ
æ¶é¢ã«å¯ŸããŠå®è³ªçã«çŽè§ã«å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«ããã
ããšãšãªããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãèãããšãªãã³ã«ãã
ããå¡åžãããæã®é åã¯ãã®çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ãéåžžã®ä¹³å€å±€ãããå®è³ª
çã«ããèããªãããšã蚱容ãããã®ããšããŸã
é®®é床ãäžããããšãã§ãããããããªãããã
ã®çºæã®ä¹³å€å±€ã¯ããããéåžžã®ä¹³å€å±€ãšåãå
ãã«å¡åžãããå Žåã«ãé®®é床ã®åäžã瀺ãã ãã®çºæã®ç¹å®ã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãé«
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åïŒèå¡©åéïŒä¹³å€å±€ã¯å°
ãªããšã1.0ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ããã€ãšã奜ãŸã
ãã¯å°ãªããšãïŒãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®æå°å¹³åç²
åçŽåŸã瀺ããæ¹è¯ãããæ床åã³é®®é床ã¯ãšã
ã«å¹³åç²ååŸãå¢å€§ãããã«ã€ããŠéæå¯èœãšãª
ããæ倧æå¹å¹³åç²ååŸã¯ç¹å®ã®ç»å圢æçšéã«
察ããŠèããããšã®ã§ããç²ç¶åºŠãšãšãã«ããã
ã§ãããããã©ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®æ倧平åç²ååŸã¯å šãŠã®å Žåã«
30ãã¯ãã³ã奜ãŸããã¯10ãã¯ãã³ãããå°ã
ããæé©ã«ã¯10ãã¯ãã³ãã倧ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®
åäžå±€ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ç©ã«ããäœäžãããéåè§ã
åŸãããšãå¯èœã§ããããã©ããäœãéåè§ã¯å¿
ããããå€è²ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ç©ã«ãããŠå®çŸããã
ãã®ã§ããªããããçš®ã®å€è²ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ããªãŒ
ãããã«ãããŠã¯ãå¢å€§ãããé®®é床ã¯ãã®çºæ
ã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã«ããéæãã
ããšãã§ãããããããä»ã®å€è²ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ã
ãªãŒãããã«ãããŠã¯ããã®çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯äžã«ããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®é床ãå®
éäžäœäžãããããšãããã ãµãããã€ãŠå±€é äœé 眮ãåç §ããã«ãéèš
é²ä¹³å€å±€ã¯é²å æŸå°ç·æºã«ãã€ãšãè¿ããšããã«
ãããäžæ¹ãã®äžã«ããç·èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã¯ãã®çºæ
ã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã§ãããšããããšãããããäž
æ¹ããã®ç·èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã¯èµ€èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ã
ããéèšé²ä¹³å€å±€ããå€ãã®éå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ã«éåžž
ã®ããšã0.2ã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®ç¯å²ã®å¹³å
çŽåŸãæããç²åãå«ãå Žåã«ã¯ããããééã
ç·åã³èµ€èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã«éããå ã®æ倧æ£ä¹±ã瀺ã
ã§ããããããéæªãå ãç·èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã圢æã
ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã«éããåã«æ£
ä¹±ãããŠããŸããªãã°ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ééããŠèµ€
èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã«éããå ãéåžžã®ä¹³å€ãããããã«
é«ãçšåºŠã«ãŸã§æ£ä¹±ãããããšãããããããã€
ãŠãä¹³å€åã³å±€é 眮ã®ãã®ç¹å®ã®éžæã¯ããã®çº
æã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãå±€é äœé 眮äžã«ååšããªããããª
å Žåã«æ¯èŒããŠãããã«é«ãçšåºŠã«èµ€èšé²ä¹³å€å±€
ã®é®®é床ãäœäžãããããšã«ãªãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ããä¹³å€
å±€ã«ãããŠé®®é床ã®å©ç¹ãååã«å®çŸããããã«
ã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€å±€ãæãããªæ£ä¹±ããªãå ãåã
ãããã«äœçœ®ãããã®ã奜ãŸããïŒå®è³ªçã«çŽç
è«çã«ééããå ãåããäœçœ®ã奜ãŸããïŒãã
ããããã°ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ããä¹³å€å±€
ã«ãããé®®é床ã®æ¹è¯ã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ããã
èªäœæ··æ¿å±€ã®äžã«ãªãæã«ã®ã¿ãã€ãšãè¯ãå®çŸ
ãããã®ã§ãããäŸãã°ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åç·èšé²ä¹³å€
å±€ãèµ€èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ããããã€ãªãããã³ä¹³
å€å±€åã³ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åéèšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ãããªãã°ãèµ€èš
é²ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®é床ã¯äžã«ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã®
ååšã«ãã€ãŠæ¹åãããã§ããããå®éçã«ãã
ã°ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åç·èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ããéåè§ã
çŽ10ãããå°ããå Žåã«ã¯ãèµ€èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®é
床ã«ãããæ¹è¯ãåŸãããããã¡ãããäžã«ãã
å±€ã®é®®é床ã«å¯Ÿãã圱é¿ã«é¢ããéããèµ€èšé²ä¹³
å€å±€ããèªäœããã®çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€
ã§ãããã©ããã¯éèŠã§ã¯ãªãã éãåããããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§åäœãå«ãå€è²å
çèŠçŽ ã«ãããŠã¯ãå°ãªããšãé²å æŸå°æºã«ãã€
ãšãè¿ããšããã«ããä¹³å€å±€ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã§
ããããšããé®®é床ã®å©ç¹ãåŸãããã«å¥œãŸã
ããç¹ã«å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãä»ã®ç»åèšé²
ä¹³å€å±€ãããé²å æŸå°ç·æºã«ããè¿ããšããã«ã
ãåä¹³å€å±€ã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã§ãããåè¿°ãã
å±€é äœé 眮ããããåã³ã¯äžã«ãã
ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®é床ãæããã«å¢å ãããããšã®ã§ã
ãå€è²åçèŠçŽ å±€é 眮ã®äŸã§ããã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®å€è²åçèŠçŽ ã«
ãããç»åé®®é床ã«å¯Ÿããæå©ãªäœçšãå€è²åç
èŠçŽ ã«é¢ããŠç¹å®çã«èª¬æããããã©ããé®®é床
ã®å©ç¹ã¯éç»åã圢æãããã®å€å±€é»çœåçèŠçŽ
ã«ãããŠãåŸãããšãã§ãããé»çœç»åãäžãã
ä¹³å€ãé«æ床åã³äœæ床局ã«åããããšã¯éåžžã®
ããšã§ããããã®çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãé²
å æŸå°ç·æºã«ãã€ãšãè¿ãå±€ã«çšããããšã«ãã
äžã«ããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®é床ãæ¹åãããã§ãããã (d) å®æœæ æ§ å®æœäŸ äžèšã®ç¹å®ã®äŸãåç §ããããšã«ããæ¬çºæã
ããããç解ããããšãã§ããã åäŸã«ãããŠãåå¿å®¹åšã®å 容ç©ã¯éåã³ãã
ã²ã³å¡©ã®å°å ¥ã®éãéããŠæ¿ããæ¬æãããã
ãïŒ ããªã誀ã¯ä»ã«ããšãããªãéãééããŒã»
ã³ããæå³ãããïŒããªãèªã¯ä»ã«ããšãããªã
éãã¢ã«æ¿åºŠãããããããããªãèªã¯ä»ã«ã
ãšãããªãéãèŠå®åºŠãããããããã¹ãŠã®æº¶æ¶²
ã¯ä»ã«ããšãããªãéã氎溶液ã§ããã äŸ ïŒ æ¿ããæ¬æãã55âã®ïŒïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã0.47Må¡©
åã«ãªãŠã ã0.01Mèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液ïŒãªããã«
ã«ãããã«ãžãšããã«ããïŒåéã§ã1.72Mèå
ã«ãªãŠã 溶液ïŒå¡©åã«ãªãŠã 1.24MïŒåã³2.0M
ç¡é žé溶液ãæ·»å ãããã©ã€ãåã³éã®æ·»å ã®é
å§åã«èªã¿åã€ãpAgãä¿æããïŒçšããåèšç¡
é žéã®3.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã次ãã§ãïŒã€ã®æº¶æ¶²ã®æ·»å
ãå éæµã«ãããŠïŒéå§ããçµäºã«ãããŠïŒåå³
ã¡çµäºæã«ã¯éå§æããïŒåéãïŒã64åéç¶ãã
ãã®épAgãå€åãããã«ä¿æããçšããå šç¡é ž
éã®96.2ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ããããæ²æŸ±çæã®éã®åå¿å®¹
åšäžã®å¡©çŽ åã³èçŽ ã€ãªã³ã®ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã¯0.48Mã«
äžå®ã«ä¿æãããå¡©çŽ ã€ãªã³å¯ŸèçŽ ã€ãªã³ã®ã¢ã«
æ¯ã¯47ïŒïŒã§ãã€ããåèšã§ïŒã¢ã«ã®ç¡é žéãçš
ããã次ã«ãä¹³å€ãå·åŽããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2614929
å·ã®æ¹æ³ã§ååºæŽæµããã 第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãåŠãã極ããŠé«ãå²åã§å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åãå«ãèå¡©åéä¹³å€ãåŸããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯
ç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®çŽ80ïŒ ãå ããŠãããä¹³å€ã®
å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯10ïŒïŒã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®
å¹³ååã¯0.1ÎŒmã§ãã€ãã0.6ÎŒmããå°ããçŽåŸ
ãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå®æœäŸã§æž¬å®ãããå¹³åã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯åã³æ圱é¢ç©ã決å®ããéã«ããã¶ã
ãã¯å å«ãããããã§ããããçµæãææã«å€ã
ãã«ååãªæ°ã¯ååšããªãã€ããä¹³å€ã®ãã©ã€ã
å«éã¯ããããã85ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ãã¯ããªãã15ã¢ã«
ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äŸ ïŒãïŒ äŸïŒã®æäœãç¹°ãè¿ããããã ããåå¿å®¹åšå
ã®å šãã©ã€ãã€ãªã³ã®èŠå®åºŠãå€åããïŒå³ã¡æ²
柱çææã®pAgãå€åããïŒãä»ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã¯
äžå€ã§ãã€ãã äŸïŒãïŒã®çµæãäžèšã®è¡šã«ç€ºããäŸïŒåã³
ïŒã¯æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããå®æœæ æ§ãæ§æããäŸïŒã¯
å¯Ÿç §ã§ããã
ã®ã¿ã€ãã®éãç·ãåã³èµ€èšé²ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€å
äœã瀺ããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœïŒ¢ïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®
åã«ããã¯ä¹³å€å±€ãåèšã«ãããŠãããããã
説æããããšãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãå«ãããšã瀺ã
ãŠãããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœïŒ¢ïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®å
ã«ããã¯ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœãåäžã®å±€é äœé
眮ã«ãããŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åäžã®1/3ã«ãããé²å
ãèšé²ããå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ä»ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€
åäœãããé«ãåçæ床ãæãããšããããšã瀺
ããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœïŒ¢ïŒïŒ§ãåã¯ïŒ²ã®åã«ã
ãã¯ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœãåäžã®å±€é äœé 眮ã«
ãããã¹ãã¯ãã«åäžã®1/3ã«ãããŠé²å ãèšé²
ããå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ä»ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœã
ããäœãåçæ床ãæãããšããããšç€ºãããã
ãŠILã¯ã¹ãã€ãã³ãžã€ãŒãå«ã¿ããã ãé»è²ã
ã€ã«ã¿ãŒææãå®è³ªçã«å«ãŸãªãäžéå±€ã瀺ãã
é«æ床ãŸãã¯äœæ床ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœã¯ãã
ãããå±€é äœé 眮ã«ãããŠå ããäœçœ®ã®ããã«ã
ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®åäžã®1/3ã«ãããé²å ãèšé²ãã
ä»ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§å±€åäœãšã¯ããã®åçæ床ãåº
æã®æ床ç¹æ§ããŸãã¯äž¡è ã®çµåããã«ãããŠç°
ãªãããšãã§ããã å±€é äœé 眮ãªããã«ãããŠãæ¯æäœã®äœçœ®
ã¯ç€ºãããŠããªããæ £äŸã«ããã°ãæ¯æäœã»ãšã
ã©ã®å Žåé²å æŸå°ç·æºãããã€ãšãé ãäœçœ®ãã
ãªãã¡ç€ºãããå±€ã®äžã«ããã§ããããæ¯æäœã
ç¡è²ã§æ£ééæ§ããªãã¡éæã§ãããªãã°ãé²å
æºãšç€ºãããå±€ãšã®éã«ã€ãŠããããããäžè¬ç
ã«ããã°ãæ¯æäœã¯é²å æºãšæ¯æäœãããã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠéæã§ãããããªå ãèšé²ããããã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢
ææ§å±€åäœãšã®éã«ããããšãã§ããã æžæ³æ··è²ã®åè²è²çŽ ã®çµåãããããªãå€è²ç»
åã圢æããããã®åçä¹³å€ã¯éåžžã¯é åããã
è²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«ãã©ãŒã®ããšãè²çŽ 圢ææ§ææãå«
ãè€æ°ã®éãåããå±€ã®åœ¢ããšãããã©ãããã
ã¯ãã¯ãå¿ èŠã§ã¯ãªããããããå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«
ã®1/3ã«ãããå ãèšé²ããããã®ããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€ãšè£è²æžæ³æ··è²ã®åè²è²çŽ ã圢æããããšã®
ã§ããã«ãã©ãŒãšãå«ããéåžžã¯ãã±ãããšåŒã°
ãããïŒçš®ã®ã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§æåã¯å€è²ç»åãçæ
ããããã®åäžå±€ã®åçèŠçŽ äžã«äžç·ã«ããããš
ãã§ãããå žåçãªæ··åãã±ããå€è²åçèŠçŽ ã¯
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2698794å·åã³å第2843489å·ã«é瀺ã
ããŠããã æ¬çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶å¡©åéä¹³å€ã¯ã
éå¹³æ¿ç¶åã³äœã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãšæ¯
èŒããŠãã€ã¢ã³ã°ã«ã®å æ£ä¹±ãå°ãªãããã«ãæ
å©ã§ãããããã¯å®éçã«ç€ºãããšãã§ããã第
ïŒå³ã«ãããŠãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ïŒã®ãµã³ãã«ã
1.08ïœïŒm2ã®é被èŠéã«ãããŠéæãªïŒæ£ééæ§
ã®ïŒæ¯æäœïŒäžã«å¡åžããããå³ç€ºãããŠããªã
ããã©ããä¹³å€åã³æ¯æäœã¯ãæ¯æäœåã³ä¹³å€ã®
è¡šé¢ã«ããããã¬ã¹ãã«åå°ãæå°ã«ãããã
ã«ãå®è³ªçã«ã€ãåã€ãå±æçãæãã液äœäžã«
浞挬ãããã®ã奜ãŸãããä¹³å€å±€ã¯å¹³è¡å æºïŒã«
ããæ¯æäœå¹³é¢ã«å¯ŸããŠçŽè§ã«é²å ããããå 軞
ã圢æããç¹ç·ïŒã§ç€ºãããéè·¯ã«ç¶ãå æºãã
ã®å ã¯ç¹ïŒ¡ã«ãããŠä¹³å€å±€ã«ããããæ¯æäœåã³
ä¹³å€ãééããå ã¯åç圢ã®æ€åºè¡šé¢ïŒã«ãããŠ
ä¹³å€ããäžå®ã®è·é¢ã«ãããŠæ€åºããããšãã§ã
ããåæå è·¯ã®å»¶é·ãšæ€åºè¡šé¢ãšã®äº€ç¹ã«ããç¹
ã«ãããŠæ倧匷床ã¬ãã«ã®å ãæ€åºãããã ä»»æã«éžæãããç¹ïŒ£ã第ïŒå³ã«ãããŠæ€åºè¡š
é¢äžã«ç€ºãããŠããããšïŒ£ã®éã®ç¹ç·ã¯ä¹³å€å±€
ã«å¯ŸããŠè§åºŠÏã圢æããç¹ïŒ£ãæ€åºè¡šé¢äžã移
åãããããšã«ããÏãïŒãã90ããŸã§å€ããã
ãšãã§ãããæ£ä¹±å ã®åŒ·åºŠãè§åºŠÏã®é¢æ°ãšããŠ
枬å®ããããšã«ããã环ç©å ååžãè§åºŠÏã®é¢æ°
ãšããŠæ±ºå®ããããšãã§ããïŒããã¯å 軞ïŒã®ãŸ
ããã«ãããå æ£ä¹±ãå転察称ã§ããããã§ã
ãïŒã环ç©å æ£ä¹±ã®èæ¯çãªèšè¿°ãšããŠã¯ããã
ã«ãïŒDepalmaïŒåã³ã®ã€ã¹ããŒïŒGasperïŒã
ãã¢ã³ãã«ã«ãæ³ã«ããåçä¹³å€ã®å åŠç¹æ§ã®æž¬
å®ïŒDetermining the Optical Properties of
Photographic Emulsions by the Monte Carlo
MethodïŒããããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã»
ã¢ã³ãã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ã16å·»ãïŒå·ã1971幎
ïŒãïŒæã181ã191é ãåç §ããããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ïŒã«å¯ŸããŠïŒã90ãã®å€ã«ã
ããè§åºŠÏã®é¢æ°ãšããŠçŽ¯ç©å ååžã決å®åŸãæ¯
æäœïŒã®ä»ã®éšåã«åãé被èŠéã§å¡åžããåã
å¹³åç²å容ç©ã®éåžžã®ä¹³å€ãçšããŠåãæäœãç¹°
ããããããïŒçš®ã®ãšãã«ãžãšã³ã«å¯Ÿãã70ããŸ
ã§ïŒåã³ããå Žåã«ã¯80°ãŸã§åã³ãã以äžïŒã®
Ïã®å€ã«é¢ããè§åºŠÏã®é¢æ°ãšããŠã®çŽ¯ç©å ååž
ã®æ¯èŒã«ãããŠãæ£ä¹±å ã®éã¯æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€
ã®æ¹ãå°ãªãã第ïŒå³ã«ãããŠãè§åºŠÎžã¯è§åºŠÏ
ã®æåãšããŠç€ºãããŠãããæ£ä¹±ã®è§åºŠã¯ãã®æ
现æžã§ã¯è§åºŠÎžã«é¢ããŠè°è«ããŠããããããã€
ãŠããã®çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€
ã¯ãããäœããã€ã¢ã³ã°ã«æ£ä¹±ã瀺ãããã€ã¢ã³
ã°ã«å æ£ä¹±ã¯ç»åã®é®®é床ã«ãããé床ã®äœäžã
ããããããæ¬çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
ä¹³å€ã¯ããããã®å Žåã«ããé®®éãªç»åãäžãã
ããšãã§ããã®ã§ããã ããã«å®çŸ©ããããã«ããéåè§ããªãèªã¯æ€
åºè¡šé¢ã«ãããå ã®ååãç·ACã極軞ã®ãŸãã
ã«è§åºŠÎžã§å転ãããããšã«ãã圢æãããã³ãŒ
ã³ã«ãã€ãŠèŠå®ãããé åå ã«ãããäžæ¹æ€åºè¡š
é¢ã«ãããå ã®ååãæ®ãã®é å以å€ã®æ€åºè¡šé¢
ã«ããããããªè§åºŠÎžã®å€ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®
äœäžããããã€ã¢ã³ã°ã«æ£ä¹±ç¹æ§ãç¹å¥ã®çè«ã«
ãã€ãŠèª¬æããããšããã€ããã§ã¯ãªãããã©
ããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«ããæäŸããã
倧ããå¹³ããªäž»çµæ¶é¢ãªãã³ã«å¡åžå±€äžã®ç²åã®
é åã芳å¯ãããé®®é床ã«æ¹è¯ãäžãããã®ãšè
ãããããç¹ã«ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€äžã«ååšã
ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãã®äžã«ç²åãããããå¹³ããªæ¯
æäœè¡šé¢ãšå®è³ªçã«å¹³è¡ã«ãªã€ãŠãããšããããš
ã芳å¯ãããããããã€ãŠãä¹³å€å±€ã«ããããå
çèŠçŽ ã«å¯ŸããŠçŽè§ã«ãããããå ã¯ïŒã€ã®äž»çµ
æ¶é¢ã«å¯ŸããŠå®è³ªçã«çŽè§ã«å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã«ããã
ããšãšãªããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãèãããšãªãã³ã«ãã
ããå¡åžãããæã®é åã¯ãã®çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ãéåžžã®ä¹³å€å±€ãããå®è³ª
çã«ããèããªãããšã蚱容ãããã®ããšããŸã
é®®é床ãäžããããšãã§ãããããããªãããã
ã®çºæã®ä¹³å€å±€ã¯ããããéåžžã®ä¹³å€å±€ãšåãå
ãã«å¡åžãããå Žåã«ãé®®é床ã®åäžã瀺ãã ãã®çºæã®ç¹å®ã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãé«
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åïŒèå¡©åéïŒä¹³å€å±€ã¯å°
ãªããšã1.0ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ããã€ãšã奜ãŸã
ãã¯å°ãªããšãïŒãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®æå°å¹³åç²
åçŽåŸã瀺ããæ¹è¯ãããæ床åã³é®®é床ã¯ãšã
ã«å¹³åç²ååŸãå¢å€§ãããã«ã€ããŠéæå¯èœãšãª
ããæ倧æå¹å¹³åç²ååŸã¯ç¹å®ã®ç»å圢æçšéã«
察ããŠèããããšã®ã§ããç²ç¶åºŠãšãšãã«ããã
ã§ãããããã©ããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®æ倧平åç²ååŸã¯å šãŠã®å Žåã«
30ãã¯ãã³ã奜ãŸããã¯10ãã¯ãã³ãããå°ã
ããæé©ã«ã¯10ãã¯ãã³ãã倧ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®
åäžå±€ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ç©ã«ããäœäžãããéåè§ã
åŸãããšãå¯èœã§ããããã©ããäœãéåè§ã¯å¿
ããããå€è²ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ç©ã«ãããŠå®çŸããã
ãã®ã§ããªããããçš®ã®å€è²ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ããªãŒ
ãããã«ãããŠã¯ãå¢å€§ãããé®®é床ã¯ãã®çºæ
ã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã«ããéæãã
ããšãã§ãããããããä»ã®å€è²ã³ãŒãã€ã³ã°ã
ãªãŒãããã«ãããŠã¯ããã®çºæã®é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ã
æ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã¯äžã«ããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®é床ãå®
éäžäœäžãããããšãããã ãµãããã€ãŠå±€é äœé 眮ãåç §ããã«ãéèš
é²ä¹³å€å±€ã¯é²å æŸå°ç·æºã«ãã€ãšãè¿ããšããã«
ãããäžæ¹ãã®äžã«ããç·èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã¯ãã®çºæ
ã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã§ãããšããããšãããããäž
æ¹ããã®ç·èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã¯èµ€èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ã
ããéèšé²ä¹³å€å±€ããå€ãã®éå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€ã«éåžž
ã®ããšã0.2ã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®ç¯å²ã®å¹³å
çŽåŸãæããç²åãå«ãå Žåã«ã¯ããããééã
ç·åã³èµ€èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã«éããå ã®æ倧æ£ä¹±ã瀺ã
ã§ããããããéæªãå ãç·èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã圢æã
ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã«éããåã«æ£
ä¹±ãããŠããŸããªãã°ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ééããŠèµ€
èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã«éããå ãéåžžã®ä¹³å€ãããããã«
é«ãçšåºŠã«ãŸã§æ£ä¹±ãããããšãããããããã€
ãŠãä¹³å€åã³å±€é 眮ã®ãã®ç¹å®ã®éžæã¯ããã®çº
æã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãå±€é äœé 眮äžã«ååšããªããããª
å Žåã«æ¯èŒããŠãããã«é«ãçšåºŠã«èµ€èšé²ä¹³å€å±€
ã®é®®é床ãäœäžãããããšã«ãªãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ããä¹³å€
å±€ã«ãããŠé®®é床ã®å©ç¹ãååã«å®çŸããããã«
ã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ä¹³å€å±€ãæãããªæ£ä¹±ããªãå ãåã
ãããã«äœçœ®ãããã®ã奜ãŸããïŒå®è³ªçã«çŽç
è«çã«ééããå ãåããäœçœ®ã奜ãŸããïŒãã
ããããã°ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ããä¹³å€å±€
ã«ãããé®®é床ã®æ¹è¯ã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ããã
èªäœæ··æ¿å±€ã®äžã«ãªãæã«ã®ã¿ãã€ãšãè¯ãå®çŸ
ãããã®ã§ãããäŸãã°ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åç·èšé²ä¹³å€
å±€ãèµ€èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ããããã€ãªãããã³ä¹³
å€å±€åã³ïŒãŸãã¯ãã®çºæã«ä¿ãé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯
å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åéèšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ãããªãã°ãèµ€èš
é²ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®é床ã¯äžã«ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã®
ååšã«ãã€ãŠæ¹åãããã§ããããå®éçã«ãã
ã°ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åç·èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®äžã«ããéåè§ã
çŽ10ãããå°ããå Žåã«ã¯ãèµ€èšé²ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®é
床ã«ãããæ¹è¯ãåŸãããããã¡ãããäžã«ãã
å±€ã®é®®é床ã«å¯Ÿãã圱é¿ã«é¢ããéããèµ€èšé²ä¹³
å€å±€ããèªäœããã®çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€
ã§ãããã©ããã¯éèŠã§ã¯ãªãã éãåããããã«ã©ãŒåœ¢ææ§åäœãå«ãå€è²å
çèŠçŽ ã«ãããŠã¯ãå°ãªããšãé²å æŸå°æºã«ãã€
ãšãè¿ããšããã«ããä¹³å€å±€ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã§
ããããšããé®®é床ã®å©ç¹ãåŸãããã«å¥œãŸã
ããç¹ã«å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠã¯ãä»ã®ç»åèšé²
ä¹³å€å±€ãããé²å æŸå°ç·æºã«ããè¿ããšããã«ã
ãåä¹³å€å±€ã¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€å±€ã§ãããåè¿°ãã
å±€é äœé 眮ããããåã³ã¯äžã«ãã
ä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®é床ãæããã«å¢å ãããããšã®ã§ã
ãå€è²åçèŠçŽ å±€é 眮ã®äŸã§ããã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®å€è²åçèŠçŽ ã«
ãããç»åé®®é床ã«å¯Ÿããæå©ãªäœçšãå€è²åç
èŠçŽ ã«é¢ããŠç¹å®çã«èª¬æããããã©ããé®®é床
ã®å©ç¹ã¯éç»åã圢æãããã®å€å±€é»çœåçèŠçŽ
ã«ãããŠãåŸãããšãã§ãããé»çœç»åãäžãã
ä¹³å€ãé«æ床åã³äœæ床局ã«åããããšã¯éåžžã®
ããšã§ããããã®çºæã«ä¿ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ãé²
å æŸå°ç·æºã«ãã€ãšãè¿ãå±€ã«çšããããšã«ãã
äžã«ããä¹³å€å±€ã®é®®é床ãæ¹åãããã§ãããã (d) å®æœæ æ§ å®æœäŸ äžèšã®ç¹å®ã®äŸãåç §ããããšã«ããæ¬çºæã
ããããç解ããããšãã§ããã åäŸã«ãããŠãåå¿å®¹åšã®å 容ç©ã¯éåã³ãã
ã²ã³å¡©ã®å°å ¥ã®éãéããŠæ¿ããæ¬æãããã
ãïŒ ããªã誀ã¯ä»ã«ããšãããªãéãééããŒã»
ã³ããæå³ãããïŒããªãèªã¯ä»ã«ããšãããªã
éãã¢ã«æ¿åºŠãããããããããªãèªã¯ä»ã«ã
ãšãããªãéãèŠå®åºŠãããããããã¹ãŠã®æº¶æ¶²
ã¯ä»ã«ããšãããªãéã氎溶液ã§ããã äŸ ïŒ æ¿ããæ¬æãã55âã®ïŒïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã0.47Må¡©
åã«ãªãŠã ã0.01Mèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液ïŒãªããã«
ã«ãããã«ãžãšããã«ããïŒåéã§ã1.72Mèå
ã«ãªãŠã 溶液ïŒå¡©åã«ãªãŠã 1.24MïŒåã³2.0M
ç¡é žé溶液ãæ·»å ãããã©ã€ãåã³éã®æ·»å ã®é
å§åã«èªã¿åã€ãpAgãä¿æããïŒçšããåèšç¡
é žéã®3.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ïŒã次ãã§ãïŒã€ã®æº¶æ¶²ã®æ·»å
ãå éæµã«ãããŠïŒéå§ããçµäºã«ãããŠïŒåå³
ã¡çµäºæã«ã¯éå§æããïŒåéãïŒã64åéç¶ãã
ãã®épAgãå€åãããã«ä¿æããçšããå šç¡é ž
éã®96.2ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ããããæ²æŸ±çæã®éã®åå¿å®¹
åšäžã®å¡©çŽ åã³èçŽ ã€ãªã³ã®ã¢ã«æ¿åºŠã¯0.48Mã«
äžå®ã«ä¿æãããå¡©çŽ ã€ãªã³å¯ŸèçŽ ã€ãªã³ã®ã¢ã«
æ¯ã¯47ïŒïŒã§ãã€ããåèšã§ïŒã¢ã«ã®ç¡é žéãçš
ããã次ã«ãä¹³å€ãå·åŽããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2614929
å·ã®æ¹æ³ã§ååºæŽæµããã 第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãåŠãã極ããŠé«ãå²åã§å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åãå«ãèå¡©åéä¹³å€ãåŸããããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯
ç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®çŽ80ïŒ ãå ããŠãããä¹³å€ã®
å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã¯10ïŒïŒã§ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®
å¹³ååã¯0.1ÎŒmã§ãã€ãã0.6ÎŒmããå°ããçŽåŸ
ãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå®æœäŸã§æž¬å®ãããå¹³åã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯åã³æ圱é¢ç©ã決å®ããéã«ããã¶ã
ãã¯å å«ãããããã§ããããçµæãææã«å€ã
ãã«ååãªæ°ã¯ååšããªãã€ããä¹³å€ã®ãã©ã€ã
å«éã¯ããããã85ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ãã¯ããªãã15ã¢ã«
ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äŸ ïŒãïŒ äŸïŒã®æäœãç¹°ãè¿ããããã ããåå¿å®¹åšå
ã®å šãã©ã€ãã€ãªã³ã®èŠå®åºŠãå€åããïŒå³ã¡æ²
柱çææã®pAgãå€åããïŒãä»ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã¯
äžå€ã§ãã€ãã äŸïŒãïŒã®çµæãäžèšã®è¡šã«ç€ºããäŸïŒåã³
ïŒã¯æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããå®æœæ æ§ãæ§æããäŸïŒã¯
å¯Ÿç §ã§ããã
ãè¡šã
ïŒ éå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
äŸ ïŒ æ¿ããæ¬æãã80âã®1.5ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã0.168M
èåã«ãªãŠã 溶液1.95ãªããã«ã«ãããã«ãžãšã
ãã«ããïŒåéã§ã2.20Mèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液ãæ·»
å ããçšããå šç¡é žéã®2.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ãããé床
ã§2.0Mç¡é žé溶液ãæ·»å ãããã®éå®éšã®éå§
åã«èšé²ãããpAgãä¿æããã次ãã§ãããã
ãåã³ç¡é žé溶液ã®æ·»å ãå éæµããã€ãŠïŒéå§
ããçµäºã«ãããŠ11.4åïŒïŒåéç¶ãããã®éå
ãpAgãä¿æããçšããå šç¡é žéã®52.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»
ããã 次ã«ã30mlã®0.68Mã®å¡©åãããªãŠã 溶液ãæ·»
å ãã次ãã§ç¡é žæº¶æ¶²ãçšããå šç¡é žéã®22.5ïŒ
ãæ¶è²»ãããæµéã«ãããŠ1.5åéã§æ·»å ããã
ããšã®pAgå€ããã3pAgåäœäœãpAgå€ãäžã
ãã次ã«ã1.4Mèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液ïŒ0.61Må¡©å
ãããªãŠã ïŒåã³2.0Mç¡é žé溶液ããçšããå š
ç¡é žéã®22.1ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ãããäžå®ã®åäžæµéã«ã
ããŠ2.2åéã§ãåæã«æ·»å ãããã®épAgãäž
å®ã«ä¿æããã次ã«ãpAgã0.4pAgåäœã ãäž
ãããåèšã§2.2ã¢ã«ã®ç¡é žéãçšããããã ç²åã¯èåéäžå€®ç²åé åãšäžå€®ç²åé åã暪
æ¹åã«å²ãèå¡©åéããæ¬è³ªçã«ãªãç°ç¶ç²åé
åãå«ãã§ããã0.3ÎŒmããå°ããåããšå°ãªã
ãšã0.6ÎŒmã®çŽåŸãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯10ïŒïŒã®
å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã瀺ããååšããããã²ã³åé
ç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®çŽ90ïŒ ãå ããŠãããç²åã¯
çŽ0.16ÎŒmã®å¹³ååãš1.6ÎŒmã®å¹³åçŽåŸãæããŠã
ããä¹³å€ã®å šãã©ã€ãå«éã¯ãããã93ã¢ã«ïŒ
ã§ãã¯ããªãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äŸ ïŒ æ¿ããæ¬æããã55âã®ã1.5ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ãå«
ã0.168Mèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液6.0ãªããã«ã«ããã
ã«ãžãšããã«ãã12åéã§ã2.0Mèåã«ãªãŠã
溶液åã³2.0Mç¡é žé溶液ãæ·»å ãããã®épAg
ãæ·»å åã«èšé²ãããå€ã«ä¿æããçšããå šç¡é ž
éã®9.1ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ããããããã®æº¶æ¶²ã®æ·»å ãå
æ¢ãããšãã«ãåå¿å®¹åšå 容ç©ãéæããŠåå¿å®¹
åšå ã®pAgã1.23pAgåäœã ãäœäžãããã2.0ãª
ããã«ã®1.88Må¡©åã«ãªãŠã 溶液ïŒ0.01Mèåã«
ãªãŠã ïŒãæ·»å ããŠåå¿å®¹åšå ã®å®¹éãïŒãªãã
ã«ã«äžããããã«ãããCl-ãïŒãBr-ãæ¯ã¯
47ïŒïŒãšãªã€ãã1.72Mèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液
ïŒ1.24Må¡©åã«ãªãŠã ïŒããçããäžå®ã®é床ã«
ãããŠïŒæéã§ã2.0Mç¡é žé溶液ãšãšãã«åæ
ã«æ·»å ãããçšããå šç¡æ®éã®90.9ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ãã
ããèå¡©åéãæ²æŸ±ããéãåå¿å®¹åšå ã®ããã²
ã³æ¿åºŠã¯0.48Mã§ãã€ããä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œæã«åèšã§
ïŒã¢ã«ã®ç¡é žéãçšãããããæ²æŸ±çæã®å®äºæ
ã«ä¹³å€ãäŸïŒã®æ¹æ³ã§æ²æµããã ç²åã¯èåéäžå€®ç²åé åãšäžå€®ç²åé åã暪
åšããå²ãèå¡©åéãããªãç°ç¶ç²åé åãšãå«
ãã§ããã0.3ÎŒmããå°ããåããšå°ãªããšã
0.6ÎŒmã®çŽåŸãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯7.5ïŒïŒã®å¹³å
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã瀺ããååšããããã²ã³åéã®å š
æ圱é¢ç©ã®çŽ85ïŒ ãå ããŠãããç²åã¯çŽ
0.17ÎŒmã®å¹³ååãš1.3ÎŒmã®å¹³åçŽåŸãæããŠã
ããä¹³å€ã®å šãã©ã€ãå«éã¯ãããã86ã¢ã«ïŒ
ã§ãã¯ããªã14ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äŸïŒ ïŒæ¯èŒäŸïŒ èå¡©åéæ²æŸ±çæã®éã®å šããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã®æ¿
床ã0.048Mã«æžãã以å€ã¯ãäŸïŒã®æäœãç¹°ã
è¿ãããçæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãäŸïŒã«ãããŠ
1.30ÎŒmã§ãã€ãã®ã«å¯ŸããŠ0.82ÎŒmmãšãããã
ãå°ããçŽåŸãæããäŸïŒã®0.17ÎŒmã«æ¯èŒã
0.21ÎŒmãšããåããã®ã§ãã€ãã äŸ ïŒ ãã®äŸã§çšããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
AgClBrä¹³å€ã¯äŸïŒã«è¿°ã¹ãåŠãããŠèª¿è£œããã
ã®ã§ãããåŸãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
AsClBrïŒçŽ15ïŒ85ïŒä¹³å€ã¯1.5ÎŒmã®å¹³åç²åçŽ
åŸã0.15ÎŒmã®å¹³åç²ååãåã³10ïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæããŠããã0.30ÎŒmããå°ããå
ãåã³å°ãªããšã0.6ÎŒmã®çŽåŸãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åã¯ç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®çŽ80ïŒ ãå ããŠãããã
ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClBrä¹³å€ã¯0.49ÎŒm3ã®å¹³å容ç©ïŒç²å
ãæããŠããã å¯Ÿç §AgClBrä¹³å€ïŒ¡ãäžèšã«è¿°ã¹ããã©ã€ãå€
æããã»ã¹ã«ãã調補ããã 460mlã®40âã®èžçæ°Žäž170ïœã®ç¡é žéã®æº¶æ¶²
ããæ¬æäžã«çŽ15åéã§ãïŒãªããã«ã®65âã®èž
çæ°Žäž25ïœã®PHæå¿æ§ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœåã³85ïœã®
å¡©åã«ãªãŠã ã®æº¶æ¶²ã«æ·»å ãããç¡é žéã®æ·»å çŽ
åŸã«ã425mlã®65âã®èžçæ°Žäž122ïœã®èåã«ãªãŠ
ã 溶液ã補é 容åšäžã«çŽ28åéã§æ·»å ãããèå
ã«ãªãŠã ã®æ·»å ã®çµäºåŸãä¹³å€ãæ¬æäžã«65âã®
枩床ã«çŽ15åéä¿æãã次ãã§çŽ33âã«å·åŽã
ãã次ã«ãä¹³å€ã®PHã3.8ã«äžããååºããä¹³å€
ãçŽïŒâã«å·åŽããæ²ç©ããã次ãã§äžæŸæ¶²ãé€
å»ããã次ã«ãä¹³å€ãããšã®å®¹éã®ïŒâèžçæ°Žäž
ã«ååæ£ãããPHã6.0ã«èª¿æŽããã次ã«ãPHã
4.0ã«äžãã枩床ãçŽïŒâã«äžããååºããä¹³å€
ãåã³æ²ç©ãããäžæŸæ¶²ãé€å»ããã次ã«ãä¹³å€
ã40âã§ååæ£ããããŒã©ãã³ãæ·»å ããPHåã³
pAgããããã5.5åã³8.4ã«èª¿æŽãããåŸããã
èå¡©åéä¹³å€ã®ããã²ã³æ¿åºŠã¯ããããçŽ15ã¢ã«
ïŒ ã§ãããããçŽ85ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ãã€ããåŸãããé
å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClBrä¹³å€ã¯0.69ÎŒm3ã®å¹³å容ç©ïŒç²åã
æããŠããã é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClBrãäžèšã®ããã«
ããŠå åŠå¢æããã ä¹³å€ã4.0mgããªç¡«é žãããªãŠã ïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒAgã¢
ã«åã³4.0mgããã©ã¯ããéé žã«ãªãŠã ã«ããã
70âã§20åéãååŠåŠçãã次ãã§400mgã®ã¢ã³
ãããâïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ããã·â5â²âã¡ãã«ããªâ
ïŒïŒ3â²âãžïŒïŒâã¹ã«ããããã«ïŒããªã·ã¢ãã³
ããããã·ããããªãšãã¬ã³å¡©ïŒAgã¢ã«ã«ãã
åå å¢æããã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åAgClBrä¹³å€åã³å¯Ÿç §AgClBrä¹³å€
ã®äž¡è ãå¥ã ã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ããªã¢ã»ããŒããã€
ã«ã æ¯æäœäžã«2.15ïœéïŒm2åã³8.6ïœãŒã©ã
ã³ïŒm2ã§å¡åžããã ããã²ã³åä¹³å€ã®åºææ床ãåç §ç¹ãšããŠæž¬å®
ããããã«ãå¡åžå±€ãïŒã4.0é£ç¶æ¿åºŠã¿ãã¬ã
ããä»ããŠ365nmã®æ³¢é·ã®æ°Žéèžæ°ã©ã³ãã«ïŒç§
éé²å ããâã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ã¹
ã«ããšãŒãâãããããã³çŸåå€ïŒã³ããã¯ãã
ããããŒDKâ50 ïŒäžã§20âã§ïŒåéåŠçã
ããã¹ãã¯ãã«å¿çãè©äŸ¡ããããã«ãå¡åžå±€ã
ïŒã4.0é£ç¶æ¿åºŠã¿ãã¬ããåã³ã©ããã³
ïŒWrattenïŒNo.47ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒãä»ããŠ600Wã5500
ãã®ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³å æºïŒç§éã«é²å ããã³ããã¯
ããããããŒDKâ50äžã§20âã§ïŒåéåŠçã
ããçžå¯Ÿçæ床å€ãããªã°ç¹ããäž0.30æ¿åºŠåäœ
ã§èšé²ãããäžèšã®è¡šã«ç€ºãåŠããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
åã³éå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åå€æãã©ã€ãAgClBrä¹³å€å±€ã¯
åçã®åºææ床ãæããŠãããããããæé©ãªå
åŠå¢æåã³åå å¢æãè¡ã€ãå Žåãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
AgClBrä¹³å€å±€ãéã¹ãã¯ãã«é åã«ãããŠåªã
ãæ床ã瀺ããã
äŸ ïŒ æ¿ããæ¬æãã80âã®1.5ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ã0.168M
èåã«ãªãŠã 溶液1.95ãªããã«ã«ãããã«ãžãšã
ãã«ããïŒåéã§ã2.20Mèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液ãæ·»
å ããçšããå šç¡é žéã®2.8ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ãããé床
ã§2.0Mç¡é žé溶液ãæ·»å ãããã®éå®éšã®éå§
åã«èšé²ãããpAgãä¿æããã次ãã§ãããã
ãåã³ç¡é žé溶液ã®æ·»å ãå éæµããã€ãŠïŒéå§
ããçµäºã«ãããŠ11.4åïŒïŒåéç¶ãããã®éå
ãpAgãä¿æããçšããå šç¡é žéã®52.6ïŒ ãæ¶è²»
ããã 次ã«ã30mlã®0.68Mã®å¡©åãããªãŠã 溶液ãæ·»
å ãã次ãã§ç¡é žæº¶æ¶²ãçšããå šç¡é žéã®22.5ïŒ
ãæ¶è²»ãããæµéã«ãããŠ1.5åéã§æ·»å ããã
ããšã®pAgå€ããã3pAgåäœäœãpAgå€ãäžã
ãã次ã«ã1.4Mèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液ïŒ0.61Må¡©å
ãããªãŠã ïŒåã³2.0Mç¡é žé溶液ããçšããå š
ç¡é žéã®22.1ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ãããäžå®ã®åäžæµéã«ã
ããŠ2.2åéã§ãåæã«æ·»å ãããã®épAgãäž
å®ã«ä¿æããã次ã«ãpAgã0.4pAgåäœã ãäž
ãããåèšã§2.2ã¢ã«ã®ç¡é žéãçšããããã ç²åã¯èåéäžå€®ç²åé åãšäžå€®ç²åé åã暪
æ¹åã«å²ãèå¡©åéããæ¬è³ªçã«ãªãç°ç¶ç²åé
åãå«ãã§ããã0.3ÎŒmããå°ããåããšå°ãªã
ãšã0.6ÎŒmã®çŽåŸãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯10ïŒïŒã®
å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã瀺ããååšããããã²ã³åé
ç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®çŽ90ïŒ ãå ããŠãããç²åã¯
çŽ0.16ÎŒmã®å¹³ååãš1.6ÎŒmã®å¹³åçŽåŸãæããŠã
ããä¹³å€ã®å šãã©ã€ãå«éã¯ãããã93ã¢ã«ïŒ
ã§ãã¯ããªãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äŸ ïŒ æ¿ããæ¬æããã55âã®ã1.5ïŒ ãŒã©ãã³ãå«
ã0.168Mèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液6.0ãªããã«ã«ããã
ã«ãžãšããã«ãã12åéã§ã2.0Mèåã«ãªãŠã
溶液åã³2.0Mç¡é žé溶液ãæ·»å ãããã®épAg
ãæ·»å åã«èšé²ãããå€ã«ä¿æããçšããå šç¡é ž
éã®9.1ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ããããããã®æº¶æ¶²ã®æ·»å ãå
æ¢ãããšãã«ãåå¿å®¹åšå 容ç©ãéæããŠåå¿å®¹
åšå ã®pAgã1.23pAgåäœã ãäœäžãããã2.0ãª
ããã«ã®1.88Må¡©åã«ãªãŠã 溶液ïŒ0.01Mèåã«
ãªãŠã ïŒãæ·»å ããŠåå¿å®¹åšå ã®å®¹éãïŒãªãã
ã«ã«äžããããã«ãããCl-ãïŒãBr-ãæ¯ã¯
47ïŒïŒãšãªã€ãã1.72Mèåã«ãªãŠã 溶液
ïŒ1.24Må¡©åã«ãªãŠã ïŒããçããäžå®ã®é床ã«
ãããŠïŒæéã§ã2.0Mç¡é žé溶液ãšãšãã«åæ
ã«æ·»å ãããçšããå šç¡æ®éã®90.9ïŒ ãæ¶è²»ãã
ããèå¡©åéãæ²æŸ±ããéãåå¿å®¹åšå ã®ããã²
ã³æ¿åºŠã¯0.48Mã§ãã€ããä¹³å€ã®èª¿è£œæã«åèšã§
ïŒã¢ã«ã®ç¡é žéãçšãããããæ²æŸ±çæã®å®äºæ
ã«ä¹³å€ãäŸïŒã®æ¹æ³ã§æ²æµããã ç²åã¯èåéäžå€®ç²åé åãšäžå€®ç²åé åã暪
åšããå²ãèå¡©åéãããªãç°ç¶ç²åé åãšãå«
ãã§ããã0.3ÎŒmããå°ããåããšå°ãªããšã
0.6ÎŒmã®çŽåŸãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯7.5ïŒïŒã®å¹³å
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã瀺ããååšããããã²ã³åéã®å š
æ圱é¢ç©ã®çŽ85ïŒ ãå ããŠãããç²åã¯çŽ
0.17ÎŒmã®å¹³ååãš1.3ÎŒmã®å¹³åçŽåŸãæããŠã
ããä¹³å€ã®å šãã©ã€ãå«éã¯ãããã86ã¢ã«ïŒ
ã§ãã¯ããªã14ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äŸïŒ ïŒæ¯èŒäŸïŒ èå¡©åéæ²æŸ±çæã®éã®å šããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã®æ¿
床ã0.048Mã«æžãã以å€ã¯ãäŸïŒã®æäœãç¹°ã
è¿ãããçæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯ãäŸïŒã«ãããŠ
1.30ÎŒmã§ãã€ãã®ã«å¯ŸããŠ0.82ÎŒmmãšãããã
ãå°ããçŽåŸãæããäŸïŒã®0.17ÎŒmã«æ¯èŒã
0.21ÎŒmãšããåããã®ã§ãã€ãã äŸ ïŒ ãã®äŸã§çšããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
AgClBrä¹³å€ã¯äŸïŒã«è¿°ã¹ãåŠãããŠèª¿è£œããã
ã®ã§ãããåŸãããé«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
AsClBrïŒçŽ15ïŒ85ïŒä¹³å€ã¯1.5ÎŒmã®å¹³åç²åçŽ
åŸã0.15ÎŒmã®å¹³åç²ååãåã³10ïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢
ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæããŠããã0.30ÎŒmããå°ããå
ãåã³å°ãªããšã0.6ÎŒmã®çŽåŸãæããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²
åã¯ç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®çŽ80ïŒ ãå ããŠãããã
ã®å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClBrä¹³å€ã¯0.49ÎŒm3ã®å¹³å容ç©ïŒç²å
ãæããŠããã å¯Ÿç §AgClBrä¹³å€ïŒ¡ãäžèšã«è¿°ã¹ããã©ã€ãå€
æããã»ã¹ã«ãã調補ããã 460mlã®40âã®èžçæ°Žäž170ïœã®ç¡é žéã®æº¶æ¶²
ããæ¬æäžã«çŽ15åéã§ãïŒãªããã«ã®65âã®èž
çæ°Žäž25ïœã®PHæå¿æ§ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœåã³85ïœã®
å¡©åã«ãªãŠã ã®æº¶æ¶²ã«æ·»å ãããç¡é žéã®æ·»å çŽ
åŸã«ã425mlã®65âã®èžçæ°Žäž122ïœã®èåã«ãªãŠ
ã 溶液ã補é 容åšäžã«çŽ28åéã§æ·»å ãããèå
ã«ãªãŠã ã®æ·»å ã®çµäºåŸãä¹³å€ãæ¬æäžã«65âã®
枩床ã«çŽ15åéä¿æãã次ãã§çŽ33âã«å·åŽã
ãã次ã«ãä¹³å€ã®PHã3.8ã«äžããååºããä¹³å€
ãçŽïŒâã«å·åŽããæ²ç©ããã次ãã§äžæŸæ¶²ãé€
å»ããã次ã«ãä¹³å€ãããšã®å®¹éã®ïŒâèžçæ°Žäž
ã«ååæ£ãããPHã6.0ã«èª¿æŽããã次ã«ãPHã
4.0ã«äžãã枩床ãçŽïŒâã«äžããååºããä¹³å€
ãåã³æ²ç©ãããäžæŸæ¶²ãé€å»ããã次ã«ãä¹³å€
ã40âã§ååæ£ããããŒã©ãã³ãæ·»å ããPHåã³
pAgããããã5.5åã³8.4ã«èª¿æŽãããåŸããã
èå¡©åéä¹³å€ã®ããã²ã³æ¿åºŠã¯ããããçŽ15ã¢ã«
ïŒ ã§ãããããçŽ85ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ãã€ããåŸãããé
å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClBrä¹³å€ã¯0.69ÎŒm3ã®å¹³å容ç©ïŒç²åã
æããŠããã é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å¹³æ¿ç¶AgClBrãäžèšã®ããã«
ããŠå åŠå¢æããã ä¹³å€ã4.0mgããªç¡«é žãããªãŠã ïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒAgã¢
ã«åã³4.0mgããã©ã¯ããéé žã«ãªãŠã ã«ããã
70âã§20åéãååŠåŠçãã次ãã§400mgã®ã¢ã³
ãããâïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ããã·â5â²âã¡ãã«ããªâ
ïŒïŒ3â²âãžïŒïŒâã¹ã«ããããã«ïŒããªã·ã¢ãã³
ããããã·ããããªãšãã¬ã³å¡©ïŒAgã¢ã«ã«ãã
åå å¢æããã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åAgClBrä¹³å€åã³å¯Ÿç §AgClBrä¹³å€
ã®äž¡è ãå¥ã ã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ããªã¢ã»ããŒããã€
ã«ã æ¯æäœäžã«2.15ïœéïŒm2åã³8.6ïœãŒã©ã
ã³ïŒm2ã§å¡åžããã ããã²ã³åä¹³å€ã®åºææ床ãåç §ç¹ãšããŠæž¬å®
ããããã«ãå¡åžå±€ãïŒã4.0é£ç¶æ¿åºŠã¿ãã¬ã
ããä»ããŠ365nmã®æ³¢é·ã®æ°Žéèžæ°ã©ã³ãã«ïŒç§
éé²å ããâã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ã¹
ã«ããšãŒãâãããããã³çŸåå€ïŒã³ããã¯ãã
ããããŒDKâ50 ïŒäžã§20âã§ïŒåéåŠçã
ããã¹ãã¯ãã«å¿çãè©äŸ¡ããããã«ãå¡åžå±€ã
ïŒã4.0é£ç¶æ¿åºŠã¿ãã¬ããåã³ã©ããã³
ïŒWrattenïŒNo.47ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒãä»ããŠ600Wã5500
ãã®ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³å æºïŒç§éã«é²å ããã³ããã¯
ããããããŒDKâ50äžã§20âã§ïŒåéåŠçã
ããçžå¯Ÿçæ床å€ãããªã°ç¹ããäž0.30æ¿åºŠåäœ
ã§èšé²ãããäžèšã®è¡šã«ç€ºãåŠããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
åã³éå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åå€æãã©ã€ãAgClBrä¹³å€å±€ã¯
åçã®åºææ床ãæããŠãããããããæé©ãªå
åŠå¢æåã³åå å¢æãè¡ã€ãå Žåãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²å
AgClBrä¹³å€å±€ãéã¹ãã¯ãã«é åã«ãããŠåªã
ãæ床ã瀺ããã
ãè¡šã
(e) çºæã®å¹æåã³å©ç¹
æ¬çºæã®æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ã¯å
¬ç¥ã®å€æãã©ã€
ãã¯ããããããä¹³å€ããã倧ããçŸåé床ãæ
ããã æ¬çºæã¯ãäž»ãšããŠãåäžä¹³å€ã«ãããŠã(1)å
åšããã¯ããªãã®å®è³ªçå²åããã€ãŠäž»ãšããŠã
ããããããªãå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²å圢æ ã®å©
ç¹ã(2)å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ïŒåã³
ïŒïŒïŒããã倧ããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å³ã¡é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ïŒã®å©ç¹ãåã³(3)ããããåã³ã¯ããªããå«
ãå šç²åã®å€§éšåãå¹³æ¿ç¶ã§ãããšããå©ç¹ãé
æãããã®ã§ãããç¹å®ã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠ
ã¯ãæ¬çºæã¯äž»ãšããŠãã©ã€ããäž»ã«ããããã§
ãããã¯ããªããææã®æ¿åºŠã§ååšãããããªé«
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯èå¡©åéä¹³å€ãæäŸãããã®ã§ã
ãããã®çºæã¯ãåããŠãããã²ã³åéã³ã¢ãŒç²
åäžã«ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶èå¡©åéãšããžæé·ãå¯èœã«
ããããã®çºæã¯ãäž»ãšããŠãäžå€®é åãã¯ããª
ãåã³ãããããå«ã暪åšãã®ç°ç¶ããã²ã³åé
ç²åé åãšã¯ç°ãªãããã²ã³åéçµæãæããã
ãšã®ã§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åå«æä¹³å€ãæäŸãããã®ã§
ããã æ¬çºæã¯ãããã®ä¹³å€ã®æå©ãªè£œé æ¹æ³ãæäŸ
ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ãç²åæé·æ¹è³ªå€ãç¹
æ®è§£è å€åã¯çš®ç²åãå¿ èŠãšãããåŸã€ãŠã¯ããª
ãåã³ãããããå«ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®è£œé ã«å€
倧ã®èªç±åºŠãäžããã æ¬çºæã¯ã¯ããªãåã³ãããããå«ãäž»ãšããŠ
ãããããããªãããã²ã³åéç²åãçšãããã
ãããªåççšéãäŸãã°ãé»çœåã³ã«ã©ãŒããªã³
ãææã«å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åæ§é ã®å©ç¹ãäžãããæ¬çºæ
ã¯ã¯ããªãåã³ãããããå«ããããããäž»æå
ãšããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã§ãã€ãŠãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯
ã¢ãŒãçšéã«å¿ èŠãšããããããªé«ãã³ã³ãã©ã¹
ãã瀺ãä¹³å€ã®è£œé ãå¯èœãšããããã®çºæã®è
å¡©åéä¹³å€ã¯ããŸããããé«ãéæ床åã³ãã©ã€
ãæ§çµæã®å€æãã©ã€ãä¹³å€ãããæ©ãåçåŠç
åŠãä»ã®åçäžã®å©ç¹ãäžããããšãã§ããã åçç»åã®æ床âç²ç¶åºŠé¢ä¿åã³é®®é床ã¯æ¬çº
æã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãç¹ã«å¹³åç²ååŸã®å€§ããä¹³å€ãçš
ããããšã«ããæ¹åããããšãã§ãããæ¬æ¥ã®æ
床ã瀺ãã¹ãã¯ãã«é åã®å€åŽã§åå å¢æããã
å Žåãæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã¯ãåå å¢æãããã¹ãã¯ã
ã«é åãšæ¯èŒããŠãæ¬æ¥ã®æ床ã瀺ãã¹ãã¯ãã«
é åã«ãããŠå€§ããªæ床ã®åé¢ã瀺ãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãæŸå°ç·ééæ§æ¯æäœã®äž¡é¢
ã«å¡åžãããã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒèŠçŽ ã«çšãããšã
ã¯ãã¹ãªãŒããŒãæžå°ãããããšãã§ããããã
ã¯æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã«ãããããäœãéå¡åžéã«ãã€
ãŠåã³ïŒåã¯æ¹åãããæ床âç²ç¶åºŠé¢ä¿ãå®çŸ
ããªãããçžåœãªã¯ãã¹ãªãŒããŒã¬ãã«ãéæã
ãããšãã§ãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãå«ãç»å転åãã€ã«ã ãŠã
ããã¯ãåŠçã®éå§åŸãçãæéçµéããã€ãŠã
å¯èŠç»åãçæããããšãã§ããã転åãããç»
åã®é«ãã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããçæéã®çŸåã§å®çŸãã
ããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã¯äžè¬ã«éå¡åžéã®
æžå°ãå¯èœãšããç»å転åãã€ã«ã ãŠãããã«ã
ããããå¹ççãªè²çŽ ç»å圢æå€ã®äœ¿çšåã³æå©
ãªå±€é äœé åãé»è²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒææã®é€å»åã¯æž
å°ã䞊ã³ã«ããäœãç»åã®æž©åºŠäŸåæ§ãäžããã
ãã¯ããããããä¹³å€ããã倧ããçŸåé床ãæ
ããã æ¬çºæã¯ãäž»ãšããŠãåäžä¹³å€ã«ãããŠã(1)å
åšããã¯ããªãã®å®è³ªçå²åããã€ãŠäž»ãšããŠã
ããããããªãå¹³æ¿ç¶ããã²ã³åéç²å圢æ ã®å©
ç¹ã(2)å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ïŒåã³
ïŒïŒïŒããã倧ããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯å³ã¡é«ã¢ã¹ãã¯
ãæ¯ïŒã®å©ç¹ãåã³(3)ããããåã³ã¯ããªããå«
ãå šç²åã®å€§éšåãå¹³æ¿ç¶ã§ãããšããå©ç¹ãé
æãããã®ã§ãããç¹å®ã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ãããŠ
ã¯ãæ¬çºæã¯äž»ãšããŠãã©ã€ããäž»ã«ããããã§
ãããã¯ããªããææã®æ¿åºŠã§ååšãããããªé«
ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯èå¡©åéä¹³å€ãæäŸãããã®ã§ã
ãããã®çºæã¯ãåããŠãããã²ã³åéã³ã¢ãŒç²
åäžã«ãããå¹³æ¿ç¶èå¡©åéãšããžæé·ãå¯èœã«
ããããã®çºæã¯ãäž»ãšããŠãäžå€®é åãã¯ããª
ãåã³ãããããå«ã暪åšãã®ç°ç¶ããã²ã³åé
ç²åé åãšã¯ç°ãªãããã²ã³åéçµæãæããã
ãšã®ã§ããå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åå«æä¹³å€ãæäŸãããã®ã§
ããã æ¬çºæã¯ãããã®ä¹³å€ã®æå©ãªè£œé æ¹æ³ãæäŸ
ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ãç²åæé·æ¹è³ªå€ãç¹
æ®è§£è å€åã¯çš®ç²åãå¿ èŠãšãããåŸã€ãŠã¯ããª
ãåã³ãããããå«ãå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åä¹³å€ã®è£œé ã«å€
倧ã®èªç±åºŠãäžããã æ¬çºæã¯ã¯ããªãåã³ãããããå«ãäž»ãšããŠ
ãããããããªãããã²ã³åéç²åãçšãããã
ãããªåççšéãäŸãã°ãé»çœåã³ã«ã©ãŒããªã³
ãææã«å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åæ§é ã®å©ç¹ãäžãããæ¬çºæ
ã¯ã¯ããªãåã³ãããããå«ããããããäž»æå
ãšããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã§ãã€ãŠãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯
ã¢ãŒãçšéã«å¿ èŠãšããããããªé«ãã³ã³ãã©ã¹
ãã瀺ãä¹³å€ã®è£œé ãå¯èœãšããããã®çºæã®è
å¡©åéä¹³å€ã¯ããŸããããé«ãéæ床åã³ãã©ã€
ãæ§çµæã®å€æãã©ã€ãä¹³å€ãããæ©ãåçåŠç
åŠãä»ã®åçäžã®å©ç¹ãäžããããšãã§ããã åçç»åã®æ床âç²ç¶åºŠé¢ä¿åã³é®®é床ã¯æ¬çº
æã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãç¹ã«å¹³åç²ååŸã®å€§ããä¹³å€ãçš
ããããšã«ããæ¹åããããšãã§ãããæ¬æ¥ã®æ
床ã瀺ãã¹ãã¯ãã«é åã®å€åŽã§åå å¢æããã
å Žåãæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã¯ãåå å¢æãããã¹ãã¯ã
ã«é åãšæ¯èŒããŠãæ¬æ¥ã®æ床ã瀺ãã¹ãã¯ãã«
é åã«ãããŠå€§ããªæ床ã®åé¢ã瀺ãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãæŸå°ç·ééæ§æ¯æäœã®äž¡é¢
ã«å¡åžãããã©ãžãªã°ã©ãã€ãŒèŠçŽ ã«çšãããšã
ã¯ãã¹ãªãŒããŒãæžå°ãããããšãã§ããããã
ã¯æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã«ãããããäœãéå¡åžéã«ãã€
ãŠåã³ïŒåã¯æ¹åãããæ床âç²ç¶åºŠé¢ä¿ãå®çŸ
ããªãããçžåœãªã¯ãã¹ãªãŒããŒã¬ãã«ãéæã
ãããšãã§ãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ãå«ãç»å転åãã€ã«ã ãŠã
ããã¯ãåŠçã®éå§åŸãçãæéçµéããã€ãŠã
å¯èŠç»åãçæããããšãã§ããã転åãããç»
åã®é«ãã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããçæéã®çŸåã§å®çŸãã
ããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ã¯äžè¬ã«éå¡åžéã®
æžå°ãå¯èœãšããç»å転åãã€ã«ã ãŠãããã«ã
ããããå¹ççãªè²çŽ ç»å圢æå€ã®äœ¿çšåã³æå©
ãªå±€é äœé åãé»è²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒææã®é€å»åã¯æž
å°ã䞊ã³ã«ããäœãç»åã®æž©åºŠäŸåæ§ãäžããã
第ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒåã³ïŒå³ã¯æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã®é»
åé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ããã第ïŒå³ã¯æ¯èŒäŸã§ããä¹³å€ã®é»
åé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ããã第ïŒå³ã¯é®®é床ç¹æ§ã説æãã
ããã®æš¡åŒå³ã§ããã ïŒâŠâŠä¹³å€ãïŒâŠâŠæ¯æäœãïŒâŠâŠå¹³è¡å æºã
ïŒâŠâŠæ€åºè¡šé¢ã
åé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ããã第ïŒå³ã¯æ¯èŒäŸã§ããä¹³å€ã®é»
åé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ããã第ïŒå³ã¯é®®é床ç¹æ§ã説æãã
ããã®æš¡åŒå³ã§ããã ïŒâŠâŠä¹³å€ãïŒâŠâŠæ¯æäœãïŒâŠâŠå¹³è¡å æºã
ïŒâŠâŠæ€åºè¡šé¢ã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ åæ£åªãšããã²ã³åéç²åãšãããªãã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¯Ÿåããå¹³è¡ãªïœ111ïœäž»èŠé¢ã
æãã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå°ãªããšãç°ç¶ã®ç²åé åã«
ãããŠã¯ããªããšãããããšãå«ã¿ããã€ãåèš
ç°ç¶ã®ç²åé åã«ãã€ãŠæšªæ¹åãå²ãŸããäžå€®é
åã«ãããŠãç°ç¶é åã®ãã®ãšçãããåã¯ãã
ããäœã溶解床ãæããããã²ã³åéçµæãå«
ã¿ã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®
åããå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®çŽåŸå
ã³å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãã
ãã€åèšããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®å°ãªã
ãšã35ïŒ ãå ãããã㊠åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå°ãªããšãåèšç°ç¶ã®ç²åé
åã«ãããŠãïŒïŒ99ãïŒïŒïŒã®ã¯ããªã察ããã
ãã®å¹³åã¢ã«æ¯ãæããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ã ïŒ åæ£åªãšããã²ã³åéç²åãšããªãã å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã¯å¯Ÿåããå¹³è¡ãªïœ111ïœäž»èŠé¢ã
æãããã€å°ãªããšãç°ç¶ã®ç²åé åã«ãããŠã
ã¯ããªããšãããããšãå«ã¿ããã€ãåèšç°ç¶ã®
ç²åé åã«ãã€ãŠæšªæ¹åãå²ãŸããäžå€®é åã«ã
ããŠãç°ç¶é åã®ãã®ãšçãããåã¯ããããäœ
ã溶解床ãæããããã²ã³åéçµæãå«ã¿ã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã0.3ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«æªæºã®
åããå°ãªããšã0.6ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®çŽåŸå
ã³å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒã®å¹³åã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãæãã
ãã€åèšããã²ã³åéç²åã®å šæ圱é¢ç©ã®å°ãªã
ãšã35ïŒ ãå ãã åèšå¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åãå°ãªããšãåèšç°ç¶ã®ç²åé
åã«ãããŠãïŒïŒ99ãïŒïŒïŒã®ã¯ããªã察ããã
ãã®å¹³åã¢ã«æ¯ãæããæŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ããå
æ£åªã®å°ãªããšãäžéšãå«ãåå¿å®¹åšäžã«éãã¯
ããªãåã³ããããå¡©ãåæã«å°å ¥ããããšã«ã
ã補é ããæ¹æ³ã§ãã€ãŠã åå¿å®¹åšå ã®ã¯ããªãã€ãªã³å¯Ÿããããã€ãªã³
ã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã1.6ïŒïŒãïŒã258ïŒïŒã«ä¿æãããã
㊠åå¿å®¹åšå ã®ããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã®åèšæ¿åºŠã0.10
ã0.90èŠå®ã®ç¯å²ã«ä¿æããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæŸ
å°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US32089981A | 1981-11-12 | 1981-11-12 | |
| US320899 | 1981-11-12 | ||
| US431854 | 1982-09-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58111936A JPS58111936A (ja) | 1983-07-04 |
| JPH0314328B2 true JPH0314328B2 (ja) | 1991-02-26 |
Family
ID=23248308
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19790782A Granted JPS58111936A (ja) | 1981-11-12 | 1982-11-12 | æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§ä¹³å€ããã³ãã®è£œæ³ |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58111936A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60194450A (ja) * | 1984-03-16 | 1985-10-02 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©âåçæå ææ |
| JP2651566B2 (ja) * | 1984-06-29 | 1997-09-10 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€åã³ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææ |
| CA1259845A (en) * | 1985-02-04 | 1989-09-26 | Allan F. Sowinski | Reversal photographic elements containing tabular grain emulsions |
| JPH0782209B2 (ja) * | 1986-03-13 | 1995-09-06 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | å¡©åéå«æè¡šé¢å±€ãæããããã²ã³åéç²åãå«ãåçæå ææ |
| JPH04336536A (ja) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-11-24 | Konica Corp | ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ |
| JPH086191A (ja) | 1994-06-17 | 1996-01-12 | Konica Corp | ããã²ã³åéç²åã該ç²åãå«æããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€åã³è©²ä¹³å€ãå«æããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| US6787296B2 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2004-09-07 | Konica Corporation | Silver halide emulsion and silver halide photographic material by the use thereof |
-
1982
- 1982-11-12 JP JP19790782A patent/JPS58111936A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58111936A (ja) | 1983-07-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR890001542B1 (ko) | í ë¡ê²íì ê°êŽì ì 륌 íšì í ì¬ì§ ìì | |
| CA1210624A (en) | Silver halide emulsions and photographic elements containing composite grains | |
| GB2110405A (en) | Radiation-sensitive emulsion and process for its preparation | |
| JPH0522902B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0522901B2 (ja) | ||
| GB2109577A (en) | Radiation-sensitive photographic silver halide emulsion and process for preparing the same | |
| JPH0222366B2 (ja) | ||
| GB2111231A (en) | Tabular grain silver halide emulsion | |
| GB2110404A (en) | Radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion and process for its preparation | |
| SE450794B (sv) | Fotografisk silverbromojodidemulsion innehallande skivformade silverbromojodidkorn samt sett att framstella denna emulsion | |
| GB2110830A (en) | Photographic elements | |
| JPH0345809B2 (ja) | ||
| IE54124B1 (en) | Radiographic element | |
| US4490458A (en) | Multicolor photographic elements containing silver iodide grains | |
| JPS58111937A (ja) | æŸå°ç·æå¿æ§åçä¹³å€ã®è£œæ³ | |
| EP0111919B1 (en) | Multicolor photographic elements containing silver iodide grains | |
| JPH0221572B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0428094B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0314328B2 (ja) | ||
| US4692401A (en) | Photographic emulsions and elements containing sensitizing dye in the form of host crystals | |
| JP3193381B2 (ja) | å¹³æ¿ç¶ç²åã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0522903B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS648324B2 (ja) | ||
| US6528227B2 (en) | Film/screen system and image-forming system for use in direct X-ray applications | |
| EP1195641B1 (en) | Film/Screen system and image-forming system for use in direct X-ray applications |