JPH0546935B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0546935B2 JPH0546935B2 JP2773384A JP2773384A JPH0546935B2 JP H0546935 B2 JPH0546935 B2 JP H0546935B2 JP 2773384 A JP2773384 A JP 2773384A JP 2773384 A JP2773384 A JP 2773384A JP H0546935 B2 JPH0546935 B2 JP H0546935B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- silver halide
- substituted
- present
- alkyl group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 116
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005160 aryl oxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 32
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 22
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 19
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC2=NNN=C21 LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XCFIVNQHHFZRNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].Cl[IH]Br Chemical compound [Ag].Cl[IH]Br XCFIVNQHHFZRNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CLDZVCMRASJQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)C=C1O CLDZVCMRASJQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 2
- ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMVPXBDOWDXXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 KMVPXBDOWDXXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N barbituric acid Chemical group O=C1CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJPQIRJHIZUAQP-MRXNPFEDSA-N benalaxyl-M Chemical compound CC=1C=CC=C(C)C=1N([C@H](C)C(=O)OC)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CJPQIRJHIZUAQP-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- RAFNCPHFRHZCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(imidazol-1-yl)methanethione Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=S)N1C=CN=C1 RAFNCPHFRHZCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- BRWIZMBXBAOCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazinecarbothioamide Chemical compound NNC(N)=S BRWIZMBXBAOCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UVWWZGPJRBROMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2,5-dihydroxy-4-octadecan-2-ylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C1=CC(O)=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1O UVWWZGPJRBROMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- HMHWNJGOHUYVMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylanilino)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CC1=CC=C(NN)C=C1 HMHWNJGOHUYVMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNPBXWLZWAMGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diethyl-2-(2-methylphenyl)hydrazine Chemical compound CCN(CC)NC1=CC=CC=C1C VNPBXWLZWAMGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQWALKUMPUZAIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoselenazol-3-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=C2[se]C=[NH+]C2=C1 HQWALKUMPUZAIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULOCHOLAPFZTGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=C2SC=[NH+]C2=C1 ULOCHOLAPFZTGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUIJCMJIYQWIMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole;hydroiodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=CC=C2SC=[NH+]C2=C1 WUIJCMJIYQWIMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLYRGJDSFOCAAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCCS1 SLYRGJDSFOCAAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- KAMCBFNNGGVPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(ethenylsulfonylmethoxymethylsulfonyl)ethene Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)COCS(=O)(=O)C=C KAMCBFNNGGVPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole Chemical compound SC1=NN=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMCBDXRRFKYBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC CMCBDXRRFKYBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUOSQNAUYHMCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-Aminoundecanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GUOSQNAUYHMCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004201 2,4-dichlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(Cl)C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- QTLHLXYADXCVCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-amino-n-ethyl-3-methylanilino)ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1 QTLHLXYADXCVCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUMAAEAEKPYOSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-butyl-6-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCCC)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O WUMAAEAEKPYOSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHTYMWHOOMDUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-butylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 WHTYMWHOOMDUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHKKTXXMAQLGJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(methylamino)phenol Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC=C1O JHKKTXXMAQLGJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPHUUIODWRNJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(Cl)(=O)=O WPHUUIODWRNJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWWHTIHDQBHTHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrobenzoyl chloride Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(Cl)=O BWWHTIHDQBHTHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one Chemical group O=C1CNC(=S)N1 UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFAGFICBFWGIAW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-(2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-3-yl)propanal;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=C2[N+](CCC=O)=C(C)SC2=C1 KFAGFICBFWGIAW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVBJXPUIEFOBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-(2-propyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-3-yl)propanal;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=C2[N+](CCC=O)=C(CCC)SC2=C1 UVBJXPUIEFOBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VBNUEXVIMODPSF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazol-10-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=2SC3=CC=CC=C3[N+]=2CCC(C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VBNUEXVIMODPSF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XRZDIHADHZSFBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n,3-diphenylpropanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XRZDIHADHZSFBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJSJAWHHGDPBOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C)(C)CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 SJSJAWHHGDPBOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCKXKFYYFIZDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-(2-benzyl-1,3-benzoselenazol-3-ium-3-yl)butan-2-one;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[se]1C2=CC=CC=C2[N+](CCC(=O)C)=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 DCKXKFYYFIZDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNUBARHEWRYSLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methyl-5-oxo-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound CN1C(=S)N(C(=O)C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(N)(=O)=O PNUBARHEWRYSLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSVIHYOAKPVFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C)(CO)CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 DSVIHYOAKPVFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTEXGBUFBLPYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[3-(2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-3-yl)propylidene]hydrazinyl]benzenesulfonic acid;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC=1SC2=CC=CC=C2[N+]=1CCC=NNC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 OTEXGBUFBLPYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWAOQCPYJVJUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-methyl-n-[3-(2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-3-yl)propylideneamino]aniline;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC=1SC2=CC=CC=C2[N+]=1CCC=NNC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HWAOQCPYJVJUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-diethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJTTUOLQLCQZEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-fluoren-9-ylmethyl n-(4-hydroxybutyl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(COC(=O)NCCCCO)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 UJTTUOLQLCQZEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OWYWGLHRNBIFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ipazine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 OWYWGLHRNBIFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002211 L-ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000069 L-ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWNSVVHTTQBGQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diethyldodecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CC)CC CWNSVVHTTQBGQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000147 Styrene maleic anhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical group C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJTFFORYSFGNCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiocarbohydrazide Chemical class NNC(=S)NN LJTFFORYSFGNCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001061127 Thione Species 0.000 description 1
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQDAKTWBGHIMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Br-].CC1=CC=2SC3=C([N+]2CC1)C=CC=C3 Chemical compound [Br-].CC1=CC=2SC3=C([N+]2CC1)C=CC=C3 DQDAKTWBGHIMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091005647 acylated proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BIVUUOPIAYRCAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NN BIVUUOPIAYRCAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiosulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJAOJNOBFQOBGE-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate;iron(2+) Chemical compound [NH4+].[Fe+2].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O PJAOJNOBFQOBGE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940090012 bentyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WZTQWXKHLAJTRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 2-amino-6,7-dihydro-4h-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate Chemical compound C1C=2SC(N)=NC=2CCN1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WZTQWXKHLAJTRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OCWYEMOEOGEQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bumetrizole Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(N2N=C3C=C(Cl)C=CC3=N2)=C1O OCWYEMOEOGEQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanamide Chemical compound CCCC(N)=O DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004181 carboxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZUIVNYGZFPOXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1717603 Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=C(O)N2N=CN=C21 ZUIVNYGZFPOXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOCKWYUCPREFCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), precursor 5a Chemical compound NNC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 MOCKWYUCPREFCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UKJLNMAFNRKWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexatrienamine Chemical group NC1=CC=C=C[CH]1 UKJLNMAFNRKWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KYQODXQIAJFKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazanium;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O KYQODXQIAJFKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBNMFJOJGDCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclomine hydrochloride Chemical group [Cl-].C1CCCCC1C1(C(=O)OCC[NH+](CC)CC)CCCCC1 GUBNMFJOJGDCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl chloroformate Chemical compound CCOC(Cl)=O RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OXDLFTCAIITFPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenylhydrazine Chemical compound O=C.NNC1=CC=CC=C1 OXDLFTCAIITFPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GZDLDWLKRNZZAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazinylmethanesulfonic acid Chemical class NNCS(O)(=O)=O GZDLDWLKRNZZAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LOCAIGRSOJUCTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N indazol-3-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N=NC2=C1 LOCAIGRSOJUCTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- FZWBNHMXJMCXLU-BLAUPYHCSA-N isomaltotriose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)O1 FZWBNHMXJMCXLU-BLAUPYHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;palladium Chemical compound C.[Pd] UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- OIGSXRLVIQGTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl ethenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C=C OIGSXRLVIQGTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQMRYBIKMRVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[NH3+]C NQMRYBIKMRVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- UICBCXONCUFSOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-phenylacetohydrazide Chemical compound CC(=O)NNC1=CC=CC=C1 UICBCXONCUFSOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLPECFHCLIYKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-phenylbenzohydrazide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)NNC1=CC=CC=C1 CKLPECFHCLIYKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDPJROKUKMXGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-methylanilino)formamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(NNC=O)C=C1 DDPJROKUKMXGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJDUTMFFZHIJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)-4-[4-[[4-[4-[(9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]phenyl]benzamide Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2NC(=O)C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1N=NC(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O AJDUTMFFZHIJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPKFETRYYSUTEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(4-amino-n-ethyl-3-methylanilino)ethyl]methanesulfonamide Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)NCCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1 NPKFETRYYSUTEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHKFLZDHIAMCFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(2-methylsulfonylhydrazinyl)phenyl]benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)NNC1=CC=CC(NS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 IHKFLZDHIAMCFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJOHYBFGXHXFGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(2-acetylhydrazinyl)phenyl]acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NNC1=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C1 PJOHYBFGXHXFGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKDQTLDBZMLKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(phenylcarbamothioylamino)anilino]formamide Chemical compound C1=CC(NNC=O)=CC=C1NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1 SKDQTLDBZMLKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUCRHOKIBSYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[5-(3-ethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]anilino]formamide Chemical compound S1C2=CC=CC=C2N(CC)C1=C(C1=O)SC(=S)N1C1=CC=C(NNC=O)C=C1 KPUCRHOKIBSYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAOBJCZMSURSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[[4-(2-formylhydrazinyl)phenyl]carbamothioylamino]anilino]formamide Chemical compound C1=CC(NNC=O)=CC=C1NC(=S)NC1=CC=C(NNC=O)C=C1 NAOBJCZMSURSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XBCIOBSQHJYVBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-ylhydrazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(NN)=CC=CC2=C1 XBCIOBSQHJYVBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- COWNFYYYZFRNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxazolidinedione Chemical group O=C1COC(=O)N1 COWNFYYYZFRNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenidone Chemical compound N1C(=O)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOVOSQBPPZZESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylhydrazine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NNC1=CC=CC=C1 JOVOSQBPPZZESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940038531 phenylhydrazine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006289 polycarbonate film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])=O BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019252 potassium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidin-3-one Chemical class O=C1CCNN1 NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCSKRVKAXABJLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolo[3,4-d]triazole Chemical compound N1=NN=C2N=NC=C21 MCSKRVKAXABJLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodanine Chemical group O=C1CSC(=S)N1 KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012089 stop solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006027 ternary co-polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZWZVWGITAAIFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=S ZWZVWGITAAIFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001043 yellow dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/485—Direct positive emulsions
- G03C1/48538—Direct positive emulsions non-prefogged, i.e. fogged after imagewise exposure
- G03C1/48546—Direct positive emulsions non-prefogged, i.e. fogged after imagewise exposure characterised by the nucleating/fogging agent
- G03C1/48561—Direct positive emulsions non-prefogged, i.e. fogged after imagewise exposure characterised by the nucleating/fogging agent hydrazine compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
ïŒç£æ¥äžã®å©çšåéïŒ
æ¬çºæã¯çŽæ¥ããžããã²ã³åéåçæå
ææã«
é¢ããæŽã«è©³ããã¯ã«ããªå€ã嫿ããå éšæœå
åçŽæ¥ããžããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«é¢ããã
ã®ã§ããã ïŒåŸæ¥æè¡ïŒ ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãçšããŠå転çŸååŠ
çãŸãã¯ãã¬åçåãå¿ èŠãšããã«ãçŽæ¥ããžç»
åã圢æã§ããããšã¯ããç¥ãããŠããã åŸæ¥ç¥ãããŠãããçŽæ¥ããžåããã²ã³åéå
çæå ææãçšããŠããžç»åã圢æããããã«çš
ããããæ¹æ³ã¯ãç¹æ®ãªãã®ãé€ããå®çšçæçš
ããèæ ®ãããšãäž»ãšããŠïŒã€ã®ã¿ã€ãã«åãã
ããšãã§ããã ïŒã€ã®ã¿ã€ãã¯ããããããã«ãã©ããããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãçšãããœã©ãªãŒãŒã·ãšã³æãã¯ã
ãŒã·ãšã«å¹æçãå©çšããŠé²å éšã®ã«ããªæ žïŒæœ
åïŒãç Žå£ããããšã«ãã€ãŠçŸååŸããžç»åãåŸ
ããã®ã§ããã ããïŒã€ã®ã¿ã€ãã¯ãã«ãã©ãããŠããªãå éš
æœååããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãçšããç»åé²å åŸã«ã
ãªåŠçãæœããåŸã§åã³ïŒåã¯ã«ããªåŠçãæœã
ãªãã衚é¢çŸåãè¡ãªãããžç»åãåŸããã®ã§ã
ãã ããã§ãã«ããªåŠçã¯ãå šé¢é²å ãäžããããš
ã§ãããããã«ããªå€ãçšããŠããããã匷åãª
çŸåæ¶²ãçšããŠãããããç±åŠççã«ãã€ãŠãã
ãããéåžžã¯ã«ããªå€ãçšããŠè¡ãããŠããããª
ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšã¯äž»ãšããŠãã
ã²ã³åéç²åã®å éšã«æå æ žãæããé²å ã«ãã€
ãŠç²åå éšã«æœåæ žã圢æããããããªããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€ãããã ãã®åŸè ã®ã¿ã€ãã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã«ããçŽ
æ¥ããžç»åãåŸãæ¹æ³ã¯ãåè ã®ã¿ã€ãã®æ¹æ³ã«
æ¯èŒããŠãäžè¬çã«æåºŠãé«ããé«æåºŠãèŠæ±ã
ããå¿çšã«é©ããŠããã ãã®æè¡åéã«ãããŠã¯çš®ã ã®æè¡ããããŸã§
ã«é瀺ãããŠãããäŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±2952250å·ã
å2456957å·ãå2497875å·ãå2588982å·ãè±åœ
ç¹èš±1151363å·ãç¹å ¬æ43â29405å·ãç¹éæ47â
9434å·ãå47â9677å·ãå47â32813å·ãå47â
32814å·ãå48â9728å·ãå48â9717å·ãç±³åœç¹
èš±3761266å·ãå396577å·ãç¹éæ50â8524å·ã
å50â38525å·çããã®äž»ãªãã®ã§ããã ãããå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ãçšããŠãçŽæ¥ããžåãšããŠ
ã¯æ¯èŒçé«æåºŠã®åçæå ææãäœãããšãã§ã
ãã ãŸããçŽæ¥ããžç»åã®åœ¢ææ©æ§ã®è©³çްã«ã€ããŠ
ã¯ãäŸãã°ããŒã¹åã³ãžãšãŒã ã¹å ±èãã¶ã»ã»ãª
ãªãŒã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ããã»
ã¹ãïŒThe Theory of the Photographic
ProcessïŒç¬¬ïŒç161é ã«è«ããããŠããåŠã
ãå éšæœåã«ããæžæäœçšããªã©ã«ããããžç»å
ã®åœ¢æãããéçšãããçšåºŠçè§£ããããšãã§ã
ãã ã€ãŸããæåã®ç»åé²å ã«ãã€ãŠããã²ã³åé
ç²åã®å éšã«çããããããå éšæœåæ žã«åºå ã
ãè¡šé¢æžæäœçšã«ãããéç»åéšã®æªé²å ããã²
ã³åéç²åã®è¡šé¢ã®ã¿ã«éžæçã«ã«ããªæ žãçæ
ãããæ¬¡ãã§éåžžã®çŸåã«ãã€ãŠåçåã圢æã
ããã®ãšæãããã ãã®ãããªéžæçãªã«ããªäœçšã瀺ãæçšãªã¬
ããªå€ãšããŠã¯ããã©ãžã³ååç©ãç¥ãããŠã
ãã äŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±2563785å·ãå2588982å·ã«èš
èŒãããŠããããã©ãžã³ååç©ãç±³åœç¹èš±
2604700å·ã«èšèŒãããŠãããããã«ããã©ãžã³
ã¹ã«ããªã³é žãæãã¯è±åœç¹èš±1403018å·ã«èšèŒ
ãããŠããã¹ã«ãã¡ãã«ããã©ãžã³é¡ãã«ããªå€
ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããŠããããŸãç¹å ¬æ41â17184å·
ã«ã¯ããã©ãžãããŸãã¯ããã©ãŸã³ååç©ãçšã
ãŠã«ã©ãŒããžç»åãåŸãããããšãèšèŒãããŠã
ãã ããããªããããããã®ååç©ãã«ããªå€ãšã
ãŠäœ¿çšããŠçŽæ¥ããžç»åã圢æããæ¹æ³ãçš®ã ã®
åçåéã«å¿çšããããã«ã¯æŽã«æ¹è¯ããªããã°
ãªããªãæè¡ç課é¡ãæ®ãããŠããã äŸãã°ããã®ãããªã«ããªçŸåã«ãããŠã¯ãçŸ
ååå¿ã«å è¡ããŠã«ããªå€ã«ããã«ããªåå¿ãèµ·
ããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ããã®åã ãéåžžã®æœå
æ žã®çŸåã«æ¯èŒããŠçŸåãéå§ããããŸã§ã®èªå°
æãé·ããåŸã€ãŠãã®çŸåã¯ããªãé å»¶ãããã
ãã®ãããç¹ã«å€å±€ã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææã«é©çšã
ãå Žåã«å±€éã«ç¹æ§ã®äžåäžãèµ·ãæãçã®åé¡
ãååšããããŸããåŸæ¥ã®ã«ããªå€ã§ã¯æçµçã«
åŸãããæå€§ç»åæ¿åºŠãæ¯èŒçäœãã åŸã€ãŠãåŸæ¥ã®ã«ããªå€ã§ã¯ãæ¯èŒççæéå
ã«ææã®ã«ããªå¹æãåŸãããã«ã¯æ¯èŒç髿¿åºŠ
ã®ã«ããªå€ãå¿ èŠãšããããããã®ãããªé«æ¿åºŠ
ã§ã«ããªå€ã䜿çšããå Žåçš®ã ã®æ¬ ç¹ãèŠãåºã
ãããäŸãã°ã«ããªå€ãä¹³å€äžã«å«æãããå Žå
ã«ã¯çŸåæ¶²äžãžå€éã®ã«ããªå€ã溶åºãã奜ãŸã
ããªãçŸåã®äžåäžãããããããšãèŠãåºãã
ãŠãããæŽã«ã«ããªå€ã®åè§£ã«ãã€ãŠçããçªçŽ
ã¬ã¹ã®æ°æ³¡ãæå ææã®ãã€ã³ããŒäžã«æç²ãã
ããšãç»åã®å質ãèããæãããšã«ãªãããŸã
髿¿åºŠã®ã«ããªå€ãçšããŠçŸåãè¡ãå Žåãã«ã
ãªå€ã«ããæ±æã«ããèæ¯ãšãªãçŽ å°éšåã«å€è²
ãã²ãèµ·ãåŸåãããããŸããçºè²çŸåãè¡ãå Ž
åãã«ããªå€ãçºè²å€ãšç«¶åããŠãçºè²çŸåäž»è¬
ã®é žåäœãšåå¿ããããã髿¿åºŠã®ã«ããªå€ãçš
ãããšçºè²æææ¿åºŠãèããäœäžããããã ãã®ãããªåé¡ç¹ã解決ããããã«ãããã²ã³
åéç²åã®è¡šé¢ã«åžçããã«ããªå€ãäŸãã°ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±4030925å·ãå4031127å·çã«æŒããŠã¯ãã¢ã·
ã«ããã©ãžãããšãã«ããªå°¿çŽ ååç©ãææ¡ãã
ãŠãããå°éã®æ·»å éã§è¯å¥œãªã«ããªå¹æãéæ
ããããšãã§ããåçŸååŠç枩床äŸåæ§ãå°ããš
ããç¹æ§ãæããŠããããšãé瀺ãããŠããã ããããªããããããã®ååç©ãä¹³å€äžã«å«æ
ãããå Žåã乳倿¶²äžŠã³ã«æå ææã®ä¿åæ§ãè
ããå£åããããããšãèªãããããäŸãã°æå
ææãæ¯èŒç髿ž©æãã¯é«æ¹¿ã®ç°å¢äžã§ä¿åãã
ãšãçŽ å°æ¿åºŠãèããå¢å€§ããç»åæ¿åºŠãäœäž
ãããã®çµæããžç»åã®å質ãèããæãããã
ãšã«ãªããåãç±³åœç¹èš±4139387å·ã«æŒããŠã¯ã
ããªã«ã«ãããã©ãžãååç©ãæå¹ãªã«ããªäœçš
ãæããæ°Žæº¶æ§ãæ¯èŒçé«ãããšãé瀺ãããŠã
ããããããªããããããã®ååç©ã次ã®ãããª
å®çšäžã®æ¬ ç¹ã®ããããšãèªãããããå³ã¡ãåŸ
ãããããžç»åã®ãã€ã©ã€ãéšãã€ãŸãåçç¹æ§
æ²ç·äžã®èéšã®é調ãèããè»èª¿åãããçºãæ
è¬è¶³åããæªããªããšããåŸåã®ããããšãèŠã
åºãããããã®ãããªç¹æ§ã¯äŸãã°æåãç·ç»ãª
ã©ã®ãããªèæ¯éšåãšã®ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããé«ãã茪
éã®é®®æãªåçåãäœæããå Žåã«ã¯æ¥µããŠäžå©
ã§ããã ãã®ä»çš®ã ã®ã«ããªå€ãææ¡ãããŠããããã
ãããã«ããªå€ãšããŠã®èœåãäžè¶³ããŠãããã
ä¿åäžã®ç±ã湿æ°çã«ããæ§èœãå£åããçã®æ¬
ç¹ãã¿ãããæŽã«æ¹è¯ãããã«ããªå€ã®éçºãæ
ãŸããŠããã ïŒçºæã®ç®çïŒ ããã§æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯ãä¿åå®å®æ§ã®è¯
奜ãªçŽæ¥ããžæå ææãæäŸããããšã§ããã ãŸã第ïŒã®ç®çã¯ãçŸååŠç枩床ã«ããå€åã
å°ãå®å®æ§ã®ããçŽæ¥ããžæå ææãæäŸããã
ãšã§ããã æŽã«ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯ãç»åæ¿åºŠãé«ãçŽ å°æ¿åºŠã®
å°ããè¯å¥œãªç»è³ªãäžããçŽæ¥ããžæå ææãæ
äŸããããšã§ããã ïŒçºæã®æ§æïŒ æ¬çºæã®äžèšç®çã¯ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åé
ç²åãšèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã嫿ããä¹³å€å±€ãå°ããš
ãäžå±€æããŠãªãããžåç»å圢æçšããã²ã³åé
åçèŠçŽ ã«æŒãŠãäžèšäžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããå
åç©ãšäžèšäžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããååç©ã䜵çš
ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã«ã
ã€ãŠéæãããã å°æ¬çºæã®å¥œããæ æ§ãšããŠã¯åèšäžè¬åŒ
ããåã³ããã§å€«ã 衚ããããååç©ãä¹³å€
å±€ã«å«æãããããšã§ããã äžè¬åŒãã åŒäžãïŒ²ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«
ãã«åºãããã²ã³çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«ãªã
ã·ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãé眮æ
ã®ããšãã«åºãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ãããã²ã³ãããã¯
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã§çœ®æãããããšãã«åºã衚ããã
R1ããã³R2ã¯åäžã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠããŠããããã
ããæ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºã
ã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã衚ããã
ã¯é眮æã®ããšãã¬ã³åºã衚ãããX1ã¯ç¡«é»
ååã衚ãããY1ã¯ç¡«é»åååã¯é žçŽ ååã§ã
ãããR1ããã³R2ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯ïŒã10åã®
ççŽ ååãããªãçŽéåã³åå²ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ã
ã€ãŠå ·äœçã«ã¯ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãïœâããã«
åºãïœâããã·ã«åºãã€ãœãããã«åºãïœâãã³
ãã«åºçãæãããããã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºãšããŠ
ã¯ïŒã10åã®ççŽ ååãæãããã®ã§äŸãã°ã·ã¯
ããããã«åºãã·ã¯ãããã·ã«åºãã¢ããã³ãã«
åºçã§ãããããã²ã³çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãšããŠã¯åŒ
çŽ ååãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååæãã¯æ²çŽ ååã眮
æããïŒã10åã®ççŽ æ°ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã奜ãŸã
ããäŸãã°ããªãã«ãªãã¡ãã«åºãÏâããªãã«
ãªããšãã«åºãαâããã¢ãããã«åºãÏâãã
ã¢ããã«åºçãçããããã ã¢ãªãŒã«ãªãã·ã«ã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯ïŒã12åã®ççŽ
ååãæãããã®ã§äŸãã°ããšããã·ã¡ãã«åºã
ããšããã·ãšãã«åºãããªã«ãªãã·ã¡ãã«åºãã¡
ããã·ããšãã«ãªããã¡ãã«åºãã¯ãã«ããšãã«
ãªãã·ã¡ãã«åºçã§ãããã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«
åºã¯ããšãã«åºãŸãã¯ãããã«åºã眮æããççŽ
æ°ïŒãïŒåã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãããããšãã«åºåã³
ãããã«åºã¯ãããã眮æåºãæããŠããŠãã
ãã眮æåºãšããŠã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒåã®äœçŽã¢ã«ã
ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãã€ãœãããã«
åºçïŒãççŽ ååæ°ïŒãïŒåã®äœçŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·åº
ïŒäŸãã°ã¡ããã·åºãããããã·åºçïŒãããã²ã³
ååïŒäŸãã°åŒçŽ ååãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååãæ²
çŽ ååïŒã眮æã¢ããåºïŒäŸãã¯ïŒ®ïŒïŒ®âãžãšã
ã«ã¢ããåºãïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ããã·ãšãã«ãã¢ãã
åºçãæãããããåŸã€ãŠã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«
åºã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã¯ãã³ãžã«åºãïœâããªã«ãšã
ã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããããšãã«ã¡ãã«åºãïœâ
ïŒïŒ®âãžãšãã«ã¢ããããšãã«ãšãã«åºãïœâ
ã¡ããã·ããšãã«ã¡ãã«åºçãæããããšãã§ã
ããã®ããšãã«åºã«çœ®æãããããã²ã³ååã
ã¢ã«ãã«åºåã³ã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯ããããäžè¿°ã®ãã
ã²ã³ååãäœçŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºåã³äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åº
ã®äŸã«ç€ºããããã®ã§ããã眮æããšãã«åºã®å ·
äœäŸãšããŠã¯ïœâã¯ããããšãã«åºãïœâã¡ãã
ã·ããšãã«åºãïœâããªã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã
ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¯ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«åº
çãæãããããR1åã³R2ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãšããŠ
ã¯ããšãã«åºããããã«åºåã³ãããã«çœ®æåº
ïŒäŸãã°äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºãäœçŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãã
ãã²ã³ååãã·ã¢ãåºãã¹ã«ãåºãã¹ã«ãã³ã¢ã
ãåºã眮æåã³é眮æã®ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã·ã«
ã¢ããåºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãã«ã«ããã·
ã«åºã眮æåã³é眮æã®ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã·
ã«ããã©ãžãåºçïŒã®ã€ãããã®ãå«ããåŸã€ãŠ
R1ãšR2ãæ°ŽçŽ ååãšã¢ã·ã«ããã©ãžãããšãã«
åºã®å ŽååŸè¿°ãã察称åã®æ§é ããšãåŸãã 眮æããŠãããã®ã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã¯ïœâã¯ãã
ããšãã«åºãïœâã¡ããã·ããšãã«åºãïœâããª
ã«åºãïœâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïœâã¢ã«ããªãã¹
ã«ãããšãã«åºãïœâã¢ã»ãã¢ããããšãã«åºã
ïœâã·ã¢ãããšãã«åºãïœâã«ã«ããã·ããšãã«
åºãæããããšãã§ããã ã®é眮æããšãã¬ã³åºã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã¯ä»¥äž
ã«ç€ºããã®ãæãããããã
é¢ããæŽã«è©³ããã¯ã«ããªå€ã嫿ããå éšæœå
åçŽæ¥ããžããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«é¢ããã
ã®ã§ããã ïŒåŸæ¥æè¡ïŒ ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãçšããŠå転çŸååŠ
çãŸãã¯ãã¬åçåãå¿ èŠãšããã«ãçŽæ¥ããžç»
åã圢æã§ããããšã¯ããç¥ãããŠããã åŸæ¥ç¥ãããŠãããçŽæ¥ããžåããã²ã³åéå
çæå ææãçšããŠããžç»åã圢æããããã«çš
ããããæ¹æ³ã¯ãç¹æ®ãªãã®ãé€ããå®çšçæçš
ããèæ ®ãããšãäž»ãšããŠïŒã€ã®ã¿ã€ãã«åãã
ããšãã§ããã ïŒã€ã®ã¿ã€ãã¯ããããããã«ãã©ããããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãçšãããœã©ãªãŒãŒã·ãšã³æãã¯ã
ãŒã·ãšã«å¹æçãå©çšããŠé²å éšã®ã«ããªæ žïŒæœ
åïŒãç Žå£ããããšã«ãã€ãŠçŸååŸããžç»åãåŸ
ããã®ã§ããã ããïŒã€ã®ã¿ã€ãã¯ãã«ãã©ãããŠããªãå éš
æœååããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãçšããç»åé²å åŸã«ã
ãªåŠçãæœããåŸã§åã³ïŒåã¯ã«ããªåŠçãæœã
ãªãã衚é¢çŸåãè¡ãªãããžç»åãåŸããã®ã§ã
ãã ããã§ãã«ããªåŠçã¯ãå šé¢é²å ãäžããããš
ã§ãããããã«ããªå€ãçšããŠããããã匷åãª
çŸåæ¶²ãçšããŠãããããç±åŠççã«ãã€ãŠãã
ãããéåžžã¯ã«ããªå€ãçšããŠè¡ãããŠããããª
ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãšã¯äž»ãšããŠãã
ã²ã³åéç²åã®å éšã«æå æ žãæããé²å ã«ãã€
ãŠç²åå éšã«æœåæ žã圢æããããããªããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€ãããã ãã®åŸè ã®ã¿ã€ãã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã«ããçŽ
æ¥ããžç»åãåŸãæ¹æ³ã¯ãåè ã®ã¿ã€ãã®æ¹æ³ã«
æ¯èŒããŠãäžè¬çã«æåºŠãé«ããé«æåºŠãèŠæ±ã
ããå¿çšã«é©ããŠããã ãã®æè¡åéã«ãããŠã¯çš®ã ã®æè¡ããããŸã§
ã«é瀺ãããŠãããäŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±2952250å·ã
å2456957å·ãå2497875å·ãå2588982å·ãè±åœ
ç¹èš±1151363å·ãç¹å ¬æ43â29405å·ãç¹éæ47â
9434å·ãå47â9677å·ãå47â32813å·ãå47â
32814å·ãå48â9728å·ãå48â9717å·ãç±³åœç¹
èš±3761266å·ãå396577å·ãç¹éæ50â8524å·ã
å50â38525å·çããã®äž»ãªãã®ã§ããã ãããå ¬ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ãçšããŠãçŽæ¥ããžåãšããŠ
ã¯æ¯èŒçé«æåºŠã®åçæå ææãäœãããšãã§ã
ãã ãŸããçŽæ¥ããžç»åã®åœ¢ææ©æ§ã®è©³çްã«ã€ããŠ
ã¯ãäŸãã°ããŒã¹åã³ãžãšãŒã ã¹å ±èãã¶ã»ã»ãª
ãªãŒã»ãªãã»ã¶ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»ããã»
ã¹ãïŒThe Theory of the Photographic
ProcessïŒç¬¬ïŒç161é ã«è«ããããŠããåŠã
ãå éšæœåã«ããæžæäœçšããªã©ã«ããããžç»å
ã®åœ¢æãããéçšãããçšåºŠçè§£ããããšãã§ã
ãã ã€ãŸããæåã®ç»åé²å ã«ãã€ãŠããã²ã³åé
ç²åã®å éšã«çããããããå éšæœåæ žã«åºå ã
ãè¡šé¢æžæäœçšã«ãããéç»åéšã®æªé²å ããã²
ã³åéç²åã®è¡šé¢ã®ã¿ã«éžæçã«ã«ããªæ žãçæ
ãããæ¬¡ãã§éåžžã®çŸåã«ãã€ãŠåçåã圢æã
ããã®ãšæãããã ãã®ãããªéžæçãªã«ããªäœçšã瀺ãæçšãªã¬
ããªå€ãšããŠã¯ããã©ãžã³ååç©ãç¥ãããŠã
ãã äŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±2563785å·ãå2588982å·ã«èš
èŒãããŠããããã©ãžã³ååç©ãç±³åœç¹èš±
2604700å·ã«èšèŒãããŠãããããã«ããã©ãžã³
ã¹ã«ããªã³é žãæãã¯è±åœç¹èš±1403018å·ã«èšèŒ
ãããŠããã¹ã«ãã¡ãã«ããã©ãžã³é¡ãã«ããªå€
ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããŠããããŸãç¹å ¬æ41â17184å·
ã«ã¯ããã©ãžãããŸãã¯ããã©ãŸã³ååç©ãçšã
ãŠã«ã©ãŒããžç»åãåŸãããããšãèšèŒãããŠã
ãã ããããªããããããã®ååç©ãã«ããªå€ãšã
ãŠäœ¿çšããŠçŽæ¥ããžç»åã圢æããæ¹æ³ãçš®ã ã®
åçåéã«å¿çšããããã«ã¯æŽã«æ¹è¯ããªããã°
ãªããªãæè¡ç課é¡ãæ®ãããŠããã äŸãã°ããã®ãããªã«ããªçŸåã«ãããŠã¯ãçŸ
ååå¿ã«å è¡ããŠã«ããªå€ã«ããã«ããªåå¿ãèµ·
ããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ããã®åã ãéåžžã®æœå
æ žã®çŸåã«æ¯èŒããŠçŸåãéå§ããããŸã§ã®èªå°
æãé·ããåŸã€ãŠãã®çŸåã¯ããªãé å»¶ãããã
ãã®ãããç¹ã«å€å±€ã«ã©ãŒåçæå ææã«é©çšã
ãå Žåã«å±€éã«ç¹æ§ã®äžåäžãèµ·ãæãçã®åé¡
ãååšããããŸããåŸæ¥ã®ã«ããªå€ã§ã¯æçµçã«
åŸãããæå€§ç»åæ¿åºŠãæ¯èŒçäœãã åŸã€ãŠãåŸæ¥ã®ã«ããªå€ã§ã¯ãæ¯èŒççæéå
ã«ææã®ã«ããªå¹æãåŸãããã«ã¯æ¯èŒç髿¿åºŠ
ã®ã«ããªå€ãå¿ èŠãšããããããã®ãããªé«æ¿åºŠ
ã§ã«ããªå€ã䜿çšããå Žåçš®ã ã®æ¬ ç¹ãèŠãåºã
ãããäŸãã°ã«ããªå€ãä¹³å€äžã«å«æãããå Žå
ã«ã¯çŸåæ¶²äžãžå€éã®ã«ããªå€ã溶åºãã奜ãŸã
ããªãçŸåã®äžåäžãããããããšãèŠãåºãã
ãŠãããæŽã«ã«ããªå€ã®åè§£ã«ãã€ãŠçããçªçŽ
ã¬ã¹ã®æ°æ³¡ãæå ææã®ãã€ã³ããŒäžã«æç²ãã
ããšãç»åã®å質ãèããæãããšã«ãªãããŸã
髿¿åºŠã®ã«ããªå€ãçšããŠçŸåãè¡ãå Žåãã«ã
ãªå€ã«ããæ±æã«ããèæ¯ãšãªãçŽ å°éšåã«å€è²
ãã²ãèµ·ãåŸåãããããŸããçºè²çŸåãè¡ãå Ž
åãã«ããªå€ãçºè²å€ãšç«¶åããŠãçºè²çŸåäž»è¬
ã®é žåäœãšåå¿ããããã髿¿åºŠã®ã«ããªå€ãçš
ãããšçºè²æææ¿åºŠãèããäœäžããããã ãã®ãããªåé¡ç¹ã解決ããããã«ãããã²ã³
åéç²åã®è¡šé¢ã«åžçããã«ããªå€ãäŸãã°ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±4030925å·ãå4031127å·çã«æŒããŠã¯ãã¢ã·
ã«ããã©ãžãããšãã«ããªå°¿çŽ ååç©ãææ¡ãã
ãŠãããå°éã®æ·»å éã§è¯å¥œãªã«ããªå¹æãéæ
ããããšãã§ããåçŸååŠç枩床äŸåæ§ãå°ããš
ããç¹æ§ãæããŠããããšãé瀺ãããŠããã ããããªããããããã®ååç©ãä¹³å€äžã«å«æ
ãããå Žåã乳倿¶²äžŠã³ã«æå ææã®ä¿åæ§ãè
ããå£åããããããšãèªãããããäŸãã°æå
ææãæ¯èŒç髿ž©æãã¯é«æ¹¿ã®ç°å¢äžã§ä¿åãã
ãšãçŽ å°æ¿åºŠãèããå¢å€§ããç»åæ¿åºŠãäœäž
ãããã®çµæããžç»åã®å質ãèããæãããã
ãšã«ãªããåãç±³åœç¹èš±4139387å·ã«æŒããŠã¯ã
ããªã«ã«ãããã©ãžãååç©ãæå¹ãªã«ããªäœçš
ãæããæ°Žæº¶æ§ãæ¯èŒçé«ãããšãé瀺ãããŠã
ããããããªããããããã®ååç©ã次ã®ãããª
å®çšäžã®æ¬ ç¹ã®ããããšãèªãããããå³ã¡ãåŸ
ãããããžç»åã®ãã€ã©ã€ãéšãã€ãŸãåçç¹æ§
æ²ç·äžã®èéšã®é調ãèããè»èª¿åãããçºãæ
è¬è¶³åããæªããªããšããåŸåã®ããããšãèŠã
åºãããããã®ãããªç¹æ§ã¯äŸãã°æåãç·ç»ãª
ã©ã®ãããªèæ¯éšåãšã®ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããé«ãã茪
éã®é®®æãªåçåãäœæããå Žåã«ã¯æ¥µããŠäžå©
ã§ããã ãã®ä»çš®ã ã®ã«ããªå€ãææ¡ãããŠããããã
ãããã«ããªå€ãšããŠã®èœåãäžè¶³ããŠãããã
ä¿åäžã®ç±ã湿æ°çã«ããæ§èœãå£åããçã®æ¬
ç¹ãã¿ãããæŽã«æ¹è¯ãããã«ããªå€ã®éçºãæ
ãŸããŠããã ïŒçºæã®ç®çïŒ ããã§æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯ãä¿åå®å®æ§ã®è¯
奜ãªçŽæ¥ããžæå ææãæäŸããããšã§ããã ãŸã第ïŒã®ç®çã¯ãçŸååŠç枩床ã«ããå€åã
å°ãå®å®æ§ã®ããçŽæ¥ããžæå ææãæäŸããã
ãšã§ããã æŽã«ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯ãç»åæ¿åºŠãé«ãçŽ å°æ¿åºŠã®
å°ããè¯å¥œãªç»è³ªãäžããçŽæ¥ããžæå ææãæ
äŸããããšã§ããã ïŒçºæã®æ§æïŒ æ¬çºæã®äžèšç®çã¯ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åé
ç²åãšèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã嫿ããä¹³å€å±€ãå°ããš
ãäžå±€æããŠãªãããžåç»å圢æçšããã²ã³åé
åçèŠçŽ ã«æŒãŠãäžèšäžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããå
åç©ãšäžèšäžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããååç©ã䜵çš
ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã«ã
ã€ãŠéæãããã å°æ¬çºæã®å¥œããæ æ§ãšããŠã¯åèšäžè¬åŒ
ããåã³ããã§å€«ã 衚ããããååç©ãä¹³å€
å±€ã«å«æãããããšã§ããã äžè¬åŒãã åŒäžãïŒ²ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«
ãã«åºãããã²ã³çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«ãªã
ã·ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãé眮æ
ã®ããšãã«åºãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ãããã²ã³ãããã¯
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã§çœ®æãããããšãã«åºã衚ããã
R1ããã³R2ã¯åäžã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠããŠããããã
ããæ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºã
ã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã衚ããã
ã¯é眮æã®ããšãã¬ã³åºã衚ãããX1ã¯ç¡«é»
ååã衚ãããY1ã¯ç¡«é»åååã¯é žçŽ ååã§ã
ãããR1ããã³R2ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯ïŒã10åã®
ççŽ ååãããªãçŽéåã³åå²ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ã
ã€ãŠå ·äœçã«ã¯ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãïœâããã«
åºãïœâããã·ã«åºãã€ãœãããã«åºãïœâãã³
ãã«åºçãæãããããã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºãšããŠ
ã¯ïŒã10åã®ççŽ ååãæãããã®ã§äŸãã°ã·ã¯
ããããã«åºãã·ã¯ãããã·ã«åºãã¢ããã³ãã«
åºçã§ãããããã²ã³çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãšããŠã¯åŒ
çŽ ååãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååæãã¯æ²çŽ ååã眮
æããïŒã10åã®ççŽ æ°ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã奜ãŸã
ããäŸãã°ããªãã«ãªãã¡ãã«åºãÏâããªãã«
ãªããšãã«åºãαâããã¢ãããã«åºãÏâãã
ã¢ããã«åºçãçããããã ã¢ãªãŒã«ãªãã·ã«ã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯ïŒã12åã®ççŽ
ååãæãããã®ã§äŸãã°ããšããã·ã¡ãã«åºã
ããšããã·ãšãã«åºãããªã«ãªãã·ã¡ãã«åºãã¡
ããã·ããšãã«ãªããã¡ãã«åºãã¯ãã«ããšãã«
ãªãã·ã¡ãã«åºçã§ãããã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«
åºã¯ããšãã«åºãŸãã¯ãããã«åºã眮æããççŽ
æ°ïŒãïŒåã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãããããšãã«åºåã³
ãããã«åºã¯ãããã眮æåºãæããŠããŠãã
ãã眮æåºãšããŠã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒåã®äœçŽã¢ã«ã
ã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãã€ãœãããã«
åºçïŒãççŽ ååæ°ïŒãïŒåã®äœçŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·åº
ïŒäŸãã°ã¡ããã·åºãããããã·åºçïŒãããã²ã³
ååïŒäŸãã°åŒçŽ ååãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååãæ²
çŽ ååïŒã眮æã¢ããåºïŒäŸãã¯ïŒ®ïŒïŒ®âãžãšã
ã«ã¢ããåºãïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ããã·ãšãã«ãã¢ãã
åºçãæãããããåŸã€ãŠã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«
åºã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã¯ãã³ãžã«åºãïœâããªã«ãšã
ã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããããšãã«ã¡ãã«åºãïœâ
ïŒïŒ®âãžãšãã«ã¢ããããšãã«ãšãã«åºãïœâ
ã¡ããã·ããšãã«ã¡ãã«åºçãæããããšãã§ã
ããã®ããšãã«åºã«çœ®æãããããã²ã³ååã
ã¢ã«ãã«åºåã³ã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯ããããäžè¿°ã®ãã
ã²ã³ååãäœçŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºåã³äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åº
ã®äŸã«ç€ºããããã®ã§ããã眮æããšãã«åºã®å ·
äœäŸãšããŠã¯ïœâã¯ããããšãã«åºãïœâã¡ãã
ã·ããšãã«åºãïœâããªã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã
ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¯ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«åº
çãæãããããR1åã³R2ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãšããŠ
ã¯ããšãã«åºããããã«åºåã³ãããã«çœ®æåº
ïŒäŸãã°äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºãäœçŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãã
ãã²ã³ååãã·ã¢ãåºãã¹ã«ãåºãã¹ã«ãã³ã¢ã
ãåºã眮æåã³é眮æã®ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã·ã«
ã¢ããåºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãã«ã«ããã·
ã«åºã眮æåã³é眮æã®ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãã¢ã·
ã«ããã©ãžãåºçïŒã®ã€ãããã®ãå«ããåŸã€ãŠ
R1ãšR2ãæ°ŽçŽ ååãšã¢ã·ã«ããã©ãžãããšãã«
åºã®å ŽååŸè¿°ãã察称åã®æ§é ããšãåŸãã 眮æããŠãããã®ã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã¯ïœâã¯ãã
ããšãã«åºãïœâã¡ããã·ããšãã«åºãïœâããª
ã«åºãïœâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïœâã¢ã«ããªãã¹
ã«ãããšãã«åºãïœâã¢ã»ãã¢ããããšãã«åºã
ïœâã·ã¢ãããšãã«åºãïœâã«ã«ããã·ããšãã«
åºãæããããšãã§ããã ã®é眮æããšãã¬ã³åºã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã¯ä»¥äž
ã«ç€ºããã®ãæãããããã
ãåŒã
ãã®ãã¡ã§ãïœâããšãã¬ã³åºãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã
æ¬çºæã«ãããŠæçšãªåèšäžè¬åŒããã§è¡šã
ãããååç©ã¯ã«ããªå€ãšããŠçšãããããã®ã§
ããïŒä»¥äžãæ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ãšããïŒãããã®
代衚çãªãã®ã以äžã«äŸç€ºããããæ¬çºæã¯ãã
ãã®ã¿ã«éå®ããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã ïŒååç©äŸïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ10ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ11ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ12ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ13ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ14ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ15ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ16ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ17ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ18ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ19ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ20ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ21ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ22ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ23ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ24ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ25ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ26ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ27ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ28ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ29ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ30ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ31ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ32ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ33ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ34ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ35ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ36ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ37ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ38ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ39ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ40ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ41ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ42ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ43ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ44ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ45ïŒ åèšæ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã¯äžè¬çã«æ¬¡ã®æ¹æ³ã«ã
ã€ãŠåæããããšãã§ãããïŒâãããããšãã«
ããã©ãžã³ã«ã«ã«ãã³é žïŒãããã¯é žå¡©åç©ãŸã
ã¯é žç¡æ°Žç©ïŒãåå¿ãããããšã«ãããïŒâã¢ã·
ã«âïŒâïŒïŒâãããããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãšã
ããããããšã¿ããŒã«ã溶åªãšããŠè§ŠåªãçšããŠ
æ°ŽçŽ æ·»å ãè¡ããçžåœããïŒâã¢ããäœã«éå ã
ããæ¬çºæã®é察称åâã¢ã·ã«ããã©ãžãããš
ãã«âïŒïŒïŒâããã©ãžã³ãžã«ã«ãããªã¢ãã
ïŒNâ²çœ®æããã³é眮æãå«ãïŒååç©ã¯ãäžèšã®
ããã«ããŠåŸãããïŒâã¢ããããšãã«ããã©ãž
ãäœãïŒâã¢ã·ã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒ
ãããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ã«èªå°ããææã®ããªã»
ãã«ã«ããžããšãšã¿ããŒã«æº¶åªäžå ç±éæµããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠæ²æŸ±ç©ãšããŠåŸãããšãã§ããããã
ã§ïŒâã¢ã·ã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒãã
ãšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ã¯ãïŒâã¢ã·ã«âïŒâïŒïŒâ
ã¢ããããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãšããªãã¹ã²ã³ãŸã
ã¯ïŒïŒ1â²âããªã«ã«ããã«ãžã€ãããŸãŒã«ãšãäž
æŽ»æ§æº¶åªïŒäŸãã°ãã³ãŒã³ãã¯ãããã«ã ãã¢ã»
ããããªã«ãã¢ã»ãã³ïŒäžã§åå¿ãããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠãæãã¯ïŒâã¢ã·ã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã¢ããããš
ãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãšäºç¡«åççŽ ãããªãšãã«ã¢ã
ã³ã®ååšäžã§ãžããªã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã«å°ããç¶ããŠ
ã¯ãã«ã®é žãšãã«ãåå¿ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠåŸã
ããšãã§ããããŸãããªã»ãã«ã«ããžãã¯çã¢ã«
ã®ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒããšããã©ãžã³ãšãã¢ã«ã³ãŒ
ã«æº¶åªäžã§åå¿ãããŠåŸããããäžæ¹ãæ¬çºæã®
察称åïŒNâ²âãã¹ïŒã¢ã·ã«ããã©ãžãããšã
ã«ïŒâïŒïŒïŒâããã©ãžã³ãžã«ã«ãããªã¢ããã¯
äžèšããããªã»ãã«ã«ããžãã®è£œæ³ã«åŸã€ãŠãïŒ
åœéã®ã¢ã·ã«ããã©ãžãããšãã«ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã
ãŒããšããã©ãžã³ãåå¿ãããããšã«ããåæã
ãããšãã§ããããŸãã«ã«ãã¢ããããšãã«åºãŸ
ãã¯ã¹ã«ãã¢ããããšãã«åºãé£çµåºãšããŠæã
ãæ¬çºæã®ååç©ã¯ãåèšã®ïŒâã¢ã·ã«âïŒâ
ïŒïŒâã¢ããããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãããããå®
æ¯éŠé žã¯ããªãæãã¯ããããã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ããã«
ã¯ããªããçšããŠããããã察å¿ããïŒâã¢ã·ã«
âïŒâïŒãããããšãã«ã¢ã·ãããšãã«ïŒããã©
ãžã³ãšããæŽã«ãããéå ããã€ãã§ã€ãœããªã·
ã¢ããŒãã«èªå°ããŠããªã»ãã«ã«ããžããšåå¿ã
ããæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠåæããããšãã§ããã æ¬¡ã«æ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã®å ·äœçåææ³ãäŸèšã
ãã åæäŸ ïŒ ïŒäŸç€ºååç©ïŒïŒŠâ29ïŒã®åæïŒ (ã€) ïŒâãã«ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâãããããšãã«ïŒ
ããã©ãžã³äžéäœã®åæã ïŒâãããããšãã«ããã©ãžã³19.2ïœãã®é ž
ãããªãŠã 8.5ïœããšã¿ããŒã«80mlãã®é žãšã
ã«400mlãã®é ž60mlã®æ··å溶液äžã§ïŒæéå ç±
ãéæµããããã®åŸæº¶åªãæžå§æ¿çž®ããæåºã
ãçµæ¶ã濟åãããšã¿ããŒã«ã§æŽã€ãŠä¹Ÿç¥ãã
ããç®çç©ã®åé13.1ïœãèç¹182ã184âã (ã) ïŒâãã«ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã¢ããããšãã«ïŒ
ããã©ãžã³äžéäœã®åæã ïŒâãã«ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâãããããšãã«ïŒ
ããã©ãžã³ïŒïœããšã¿ããŒã«200mlãšé ¢é žãšã
ã«200mlã®æ··å溶åªã«æžæ¿ãããã©ãžãŠã âç
çŽ 1.0ïœãå ããŠåžžå§äžã§æ°ŽçŽ æ·»å ãããåå¿
æ¶²ãæ¿Ÿéããæ¿Ÿæ¶²ãæžå§äžæ¿çž®ããçæããçµ
æ¶ã濟åãããšã¿ããŒã«ïŒïœâãããµã³æ··å溶
åªã§æŽã€ãŠä¹Ÿç¥ããããç®çç©ã®åé3.8ïœã
èç¹120ã123âã (ã) ïœâïŒïŒâãã«ãã«ããã©ãžãããšãã«ïŒã€
ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒãäžéäœã®åæã ïŒâãã«ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã¢ããããšãã«ïŒ
ããã©ãžã³2.2ïœãã¢ã»ãã³200mlã«æº¶ãããâ
50âã«å·åŽãããããã«ïŒïŒ1â²âããªã«ã«ãã
ã«ãžã€ãããŸãŒã«2.7ïœãã¢ã»ãã³60mlã«æº¶ã
ãããã®ã30åéã«æ»Žäžãããæ¬¡ãã§å®€æž©ãŸã§
ãã€ããæ»ããïŒæéæ¹æããã30â以äžã§æž
å§äžã溶åªãèžçºä¹Ÿåºããæ®æ»ã«ãšãŒãã«100
mlãå ããããããã€ã¶ãããæžæ¿æ¶²ã濟é
ããæ°Ž150mlã§æŽæµããæŽã«ãšãŒãã«50mlã§æŽ
æµããŠãç®çç©1.8ïœãåŸããèç¹173ã177âã (ã) äŸç€ºååç©ïŒïŒŠâ29ïŒã®åæ å¡©é žã»ãã«ã«ããžã1.11ïœããšã¿ããŒã«30
mlãæ°Ž10mlã®æ··åæº¶æ¶²ã«æº¶ãããããªãšãã«ã¢
ãã³ã1.01ïœãå ããããã®æº¶æ¶²ã«çªçŽ æ°æµ
äžãïœâïŒïŒâãã«ãã«ããã©ãžãããšãã«ïŒ
ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒã1.8ïœãå ããïŒæéå ç±
éæµãããæŸå·åŸãåå¿æ¶²ã濟éããæ°Ž20mlã§
æŽããæ¬¡ãã§ãšã¿ããŒã«20mlã§æŽæµããç®çç©
0.95ïœãåŸããèç¹204ã205âïŒåè§£ïŒã åæäŸ ïŒ ïŒäŸç€ºååç©ïŒïŒŠâ30ïŒã®åæïŒ ïŒâããšãã«ã»ãã«ã«ããžã1.51ïœããšã¿ããŒ
ã«40mlãæ°ŽïŒmlã®æ··åæ¶²ã«åæ£ããããããã«çª
çŽ æ°æµäžãïœâïŒïŒâãã«ãã«ããã©ãžãããšã
ã«ïŒã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒã1.95ïœãæ·»å ããïŒæé
å ç±ãéæµããããæŸå·åŸãåå¿æ¶²ã濟éãããš
ã¿ããŒã«30mlã§æŽæµããŠç®çç©1.40ïœãåŸããè
ç¹196ã198âïŒåè§£ïŒã æ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã¯ããããã®å°ããšãïŒçš®ã
å éšæœååããã²ã³åéç²åã嫿ããå°ããšã
ïŒå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãæããçŽæ¥ããžåç
æå ææã®æ¯æäœã«å¯ŸããŠè©²ä¹³å€å±€åŽã«ããå°ã
ãšãïŒå±€ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã奜ãŸããã¯å éšæœ
ååããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€å±€ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯ãã
ã«é£æ¥ãã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ïŒäŸãã°è²çŽ ç»å圢
æç©è³ªå±€ãäžéå±€ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ãä¿è·å±€ããã¬
ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€ïŒã«å«æããããããã æ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã®ïŒçš®ä»¥äžã䜵çšããå Žåã
ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ãã®é£æ¥å±€äžã«ãããŠå
äžå±€ã«å ±åããããã奜ãŸããããå¥ã®å±€ã«å€«ã
嫿ããããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã®äœ¿çšéã¯ãçšãããããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®ç¹æ§ãã«ããªå€ã®çš®é¡ãçŸåæ¡ä»¶
ã«ãã€ãŠåºãç¯å²ã«å€åãåŸãããå éšæœååã
ãã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãæããåçæå ææãç»åé²å
åŸã衚é¢çŸåæ¶²ã§çŸååŠçããŠããžç»åãåŸãã
ãã ãã®ãã¶ããäœçšãäžããéã§ããã°ããã
çŸååŠçåŸå åãªæå€§æ¿åºŠïŒäŸãã°1.5以äžïŒã
äžããéã§ããããšãæãŸãããéåžžã¯ãå éšæœ
ååããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«ã«å¯Ÿãã«ããªå€ã10-6ã¢
ã«â10-2ã¢ã«çšåºŠã奜ãŸãããæŽã«å¥œãŸããã¯
10-6ã¢ã«ã10-3ã¢ã«ã®ç¯å²ã§ããã ãŸããã«ã©ãŒæ¡æ£è»¢åæ³ã«é©çšãããå Žåã«ã
ã€ãŠã¯ããã®ååå±€ãŸãã¯ã·ãŒãäžã«æ··å ¥ããã
ãããšãã§ããããã®å Žåã®è©²ã«ããªå€ã®å«æé
ã¯åèšããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€äžã«å«æããããå Žå
ã«æºããéã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã¯ãåèšããåŸæ¥å ¬ç¥
ã®ã«ããªå€ãšäœµçšããããšãã§ãããæçšãªå ¬ç¥
ã®ã«ããªå€ã®å ·äœäŸã瀺ãã°ãããã©ãžã³å¡©é ž
å¡©ãããšãã«ããã©ãžã³å¡©é žå¡©ãïŒâã¡ãã«ããš
ãã«ããã©ãžã³å¡©é žå¡©ãïŒâãã«ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒ
âã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãïŒâã¢ã»ãã«â
ïŒâããšãã«ããã©ãžã³ãïŒâã¢ã»ãã«âïŒâ
ïŒïŒâã¢ã»ãã¢ããããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãïŒâ
ã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ããšãã«âïŒâããšãã«ããã©ãžã³ã
ïŒâãã³ãŸã€ã«âïŒâããšãã«ããã©ãžã³ãïŒâ
ã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ããªãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâããšãã«ã¹ã«ã
ãªã³ã¢ããããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãããªã«ã ã¢ã«
ãããããšãã«ããã©ãžã³çã®ããã©ãžã³åå
ç©ïŒïŒâïŒïŒâãã«ãã«ãšãã«ïŒâïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³
ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâïŒïŒâãã«ãã«
ãšãã«ïŒâïŒâãããã«ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãã
ãã€ããïŒâïŒïŒâã¢ã»ãã«ãšãã«ïŒâïŒâãã³ãž
ã«ãã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâïŒïŒâ
ã¢ã»ãã«ãšãã«âïŒâãã³ãžã«âïŒâããšãã«ã
ã³ãŸãªããµãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒ
âãïŒâïŒããšãã«ããã©ãŸã³ïŒãããã«ããã³ãŸ
ãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâãïŒ
âïŒïœâããªã«ããã©ãŸãïŒãããã«ããã³ãŸã
ã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâãïŒâ
ïŒïœâã¹ã«ããªããšãã«ããã©ãŸãïŒãããã«ã
ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒ
âãïŒâïŒïœâã¹ã«ããªããšãã«ããã©ãŸãïŒãã³
ãã«ããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãšãŒãããïŒïŒïŒâãž
ãããâïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâããšãã«ããªãïŒïŒ
ïŒâïœïŒœãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒïŒïŒ
âãžãããâïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâããšãã«ããªã
ïŒïŒïŒâïœïŒœâïŒâããšãã«ãã³ãŸãªããµãŸãªãŠ
ã ãããã€ããïŒïŒ4â²âãšãã¬ã³ãã¹ïŒïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããªãïŒïŒïŒâïœïŒœãã³
ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ãïŒãïŒïŒïŒâãžããã
âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâããšãã«ããªãïŒïŒïŒâ
ïœïŒœãã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠã ãããã€ãçã®ïŒ®â眮
æç¬¬ïŒçŽã·ã¯ãã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©ïŒïŒâãïŒâãšã
ã«ãããïŒïŒïŒâïœïŒœãã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâã€ãªã
ã³ãšããªãã³ãâïŒâïŒïŒâããšãã«ã«ã«ããŸã€
ã«ïŒã¡ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âïŒâããªããã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâïŒïŒâãšãã«âïŒ
âãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªããªãã³ïŒâïŒâãïŒâïŒïŒâã
ãªã«ãã«ããã©ãžãïŒããšãã«ãããŒããã³ãïŒ
âãïŒâïŒïŒâããªã«ãã«ããã©ãžãïŒããšãã«ã
ïŒâããšãã«ããªå°¿çŽ ãïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ãïŒâïŒïŒ
âããªã«ãã«ããã©ãžãïŒããšãã«ãããªå°¿çŽ ãª
ã©ãæããããã æ¬¡ã«ãæ¬çºæã«ãããŠæçšãªåèšäžè¬åŒãã
ã§è¡šããããååç©ïŒä»¥åŸæ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«ããå
åç©ãšç§°ãïŒã®ä»£è¡šçå ·äœäŸã以äžã«æããããš
ãæ¬çºæã¯ãããã«éå®ãããªãã ïŒååç©äŸïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§â10ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â11ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â12ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â13ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â14ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â15ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â16ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â17ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â18ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â19ïŒ æ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ã¯ãéåžžã®æ¹æ³ã§å
æãããšãã§ãããäŸãã°ãã±ããã·ãšããªãã
âChemische Berichteâ86ãP314ãããã³ã«ã
ãã€ã¢ã³ã»ãžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ã±ãã¹ããªãŒ
âCanadian Journal of Chemistryâ37ãP101ã«
èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ããžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ã±ãã«ã«ã»ãœãµ
ã€ãã€âJournal of Chemical Societyâ49ã
P1748ïŒ1927幎ïŒãããã³ç¹éæ50â89034å·ãå
53â28426å·çã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã§åæããããšãã§
ããã æ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ã¯ãåç¬ã§ãŸãã¯ïŒ
以äžçµåãããŠçšããããšãã§ãããã®äœ¿çšé
ã¯ãéå®ã§ã¯ãªãããæ¢ããŠããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«
åœã10-7ã10-2ã¢ã«ã奜ãŸããã¯10-6ã10-3ã¢ã«
ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ã®æ·»å ææã¯ããã
ã²ã³åéç²åã®æ²æŸ±ãçµã€ãŠãã該乳å€ã®å¡åžã
è¡ãªãããè¿ã®éã®ä»»æã®ææã§ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸ
ããã¯ããã²ã³åéç²åã®æ²æŸ±ãšååŠå¢æã®å·¥çš
ãçµäºããŠä»¥éã«æ·»å ããããšã§ããããŸããæ·»
å æ¹æ³ã¯ãåŸæ¥å ¬ç¥ã®ä»»æã®æ¹æ³ãæ¡çšã§ãã
ããé žãŸãã¯å¡©ã®åœ¢æ ã§æ°ŽãŸãã¯ã¡ã¿ããŒã«çã®
ææ©æº¶åªããããã®æ··å溶åªã«æº¶è§£ããŠæ·»å ãã
ã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã æ¬çºæã®å éšæœååããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ
ã¯åæ§é²å åŸãã«ããªå€ã®ååšäžã«çŸååŠçãã
ããšã«ãã€ãŠçŽæ¥ããžç»åã圢æããããæ¬çºæ
ã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®çŸååŠçæ¹æ³
ã¯ä»»æã®çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ãæ¡çšããããã奜ãŸãã
ã¯è¡šé¢çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ã§ããããã®è¡šé¢çŸååŠçæ¹
æ³ãšã¯ããã²ã³åéæº¶å€ãå®è³ªçã«å«ãŸãªãçŸå
æ¶²ã§åŠçããããšãæå³ããã æ¬çºæã®çŸåæ¶²ã«ãããŠäœ¿çšããããšã®ã§ãã
éåžžã®ããã²ã³åéçŸåå€ã«ã¯ããã€ããããã³
ã®åŠãããªããããã·ãã³ãŒã³é¡ãã¢ããããšã
ãŒã«é¡ãïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³é¡ãã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é žãš
ãã®èªå°äœãã¬ãã¯ãã³é¡ãããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³
é¡çãããã¯ãã®æ··åç©ãå«ãŸãããå ·äœçã«ã¯
ãã€ããããã³ãã¢ããããšããŒã«ãâã¡ãã«
ã¢ããããšããŒã«ãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãª
ãã³ãïŒâããšãã«âïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ãã«âïŒâã
ã©ãŸãªãã³ãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã
ãããã·ã¡ãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³ãã¢ã¹ã³ã«ã
ã³é žãïŒïŒ®âãžãšãã«âïœâããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ã
ã³ããžãšãã«ã¢ããâïœâãã«ã€ãžã³ãïŒâã¢ã
ãâïŒâã¡ãã«ââãšãã«ââïŒÎ²âã¡ã¿ã³
ã¹ã«ããªã³ã¢ãããšãã«ïŒã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¢ãã
âïŒâã¡ãã«ââãšãã«ââïŒÎ²âãããã
ã·ãšãã«ïŒã¢ããªã³çãæããããããããã®çŸ
åå€ã¯ãããããä¹³å€äžã«å«ãŸããŠãããé«PHæ°Ž
溶液浞挬äžã«ããã²ã³åéã«äœçšãããããã«ã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãããçŸåæ¶²ã¯ãæŽã«ç¹å®
ã®ã«ããªé²æ¢å€åã³çŸåæå¶å€ã嫿ããããšã
ã§ãããããã¯ãããã®çŸå液添å å€ãããã²ã³
åéåçæå ææã®å±€èäžã«ä»»æã«çµã¿å ¥ããã
ãšãå¯èœã§ãããéåžžæçšãªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã«ã¯ã
äŸãã°ïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®ãããªã
ã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ïŒãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ïŒïŒâ
ããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«ã®ãããª
è€çŽ ç°åŒããªã³é¡ïŒè³éŠæåã³èèªæã®ã¡ã«ã«ã«
ããååç©çãå«ãŸããããŸããçŸåæ¶²äžã«ã¯ã
çŸåä¿é²å€äŸãã°ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãèªå°
äœã第ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©ååç©ãªã©ã嫿ãã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åéåçæå
ææã¯å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã®å éšæœååããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€ãããªãã æ¬çºæã«ãããå éšæœååããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯
ããã²ã³åéç²åã®å éšã«äž»ãšããŠæœåã圢æ
ããæå æ žã®å€§éšåãç²åã®å éšã«æããããã²
ã³åéç²åãæããä¹³å€ã§ãã€ãŠãä»»æã®ããã²
ã³åéãäŸãã°èåéãå¡©åéãå¡©èåéãæ²è
åéãå¡©æ²èåéçãå å«ãããã ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãã®ä¹³å€ã¯éæãªæ¯æäœã«å¡åž
ãã詊æã®äžéšãçŽïŒç§ãŸã§ã®ããå®ããããæ
éã«ããã€ãŠå 匷床ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã«é²å ããŠå®è³ªçã«
ããã²ã³åéæº¶å€ã嫿ããªãç²åã®è¡šé¢åã®ã¿
ãçŸåããäžèšã®è¡šé¢çŸå液ãçšããŠ20âã§ïŒ
åéçŸåããå Žåã«ãåäžã®ä¹³å€è©Šæã®å¥ã®äžéš
ãåããé²å ããç²åã®å éšã®åãçŸåããäžèš
ã®å éšçŸå液ã§20âã§ïŒåéçŸåããå Žåã«åŸ
ãããæå€§æ¿åºŠã®1/5ãã倧ãããªãæå€§æ¿åºŠã
瀺ããã®ã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ã衚é¢çŸå液ãçš
ããŠåŸãããæå€§æ¿åºŠã¯å éšçŸå液ã§åŸããã
æå€§æ¿åºŠã®1/10ãã倧ãããªããã®ã§ããã 衚é¢çŸå液 ã¡ããŒã« 2.5ïœ ïŒ¬âã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é ž 10ïœ NaBO2ã»4H2O 35ïœ KBr ïŒïœ æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ å éšçŸå液 ã¡ããŒã« 2.0ïœ äºæµé žãœãŒãïŒç¡æ°ŽïŒ 90.0ïœ ãã€ããããã³ 8.0ïœ çé žãœãŒããŒæ°Žå¡© 52.5ïœ KBr 5.0ïœ KI 0.5ïœ æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åéä¹³
å€ã¯ãçš®ã ã®æ¹æ³ã§èª¿è£œããããã®ãå«ãŸããã
äŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±2592250å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã³ã³
ããŒãžãšã³åããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ããŸãã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±
3206316å·ãå3317322å·ããã³å3367778å·ã«èš
èŒãããŠããå éšååŠå¢æãããããã²ã³åéç²
åãæããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ããŸãã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±
3271157å·ãå3447927å·ããã³å351291å·ã«èšèŒ
ãããŠããå€äŸ¡éå±ã€ãªã³ãå èµããŠããããã²
ã³åéç²åãæããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ããŸãã¯ç±³
åœç¹èš±3761276å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããããŒãå€ãå«
æããããã²ã³åéç²åã®ç²å衚é¢ã匱ãååŠå¢
æããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ããŸãã¯ç¹éæ50â8524
å·ãå50â38525å·ããã³å53â2408å·ã«èšèŒã
ããŠããç©å±€æ§é ãæããç²åãããªãããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€ããã®ä»ç¹éæ52â156614å·ããã³ç¹é
æ55â127549å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããããã²ã³åéä¹³
å€ãªã©ã§ããã æŽã«ãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åéä¹³
å€ã«ã¯ãéåžžçšããããå®å®å€ãäŸãã°ã¢ã¶ã€ã³
ãã³ç°ãæã€ååç©ããã³ã¡ã«ã«ããåºãæãã
å«çªçŽ ãããç°ååç©ïŒä»£è¡šçãªãã®ãšããŠãã
ããïŒâããããã·âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒ
ïŒâããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ããã³ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâ
ã¡ã«ã«ããã©ããããŒã«ãæãããããïŒçãã
ãã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«ã«å¯ŸãïŒmgã10ïœå«æãããã
ãšã«ãããããäœãçŽ å°æ¿åºŠãæã€ãããå®å®ãª
çµæãäžããããšãã§ããã ãã®ä»æ¬çºæã«ãããŠãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãŸãã¯å®
å®å€ãšããŠãäŸãã°æ°Žéååç©ãããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ç³»
ååç©ãã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ç³»ååç©ããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãª
ãŠã ç³»ååç©ãäºéååç©çã䜿çšãåŸãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã«
ã¯ãåçš®ã®åççšæ·»å å€ãå ããããšã¯ä»»æã§ã
ããäŸãã°ãæ¬çºæã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãåŸãååŠå¢æ
å€ã«ã¯ãã·ã¢ãã³é¡ãã¡ãã·ã¢ã³é¡ãäžæ žãŸãã¯
åæ žã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³é¡ãäžæ žãŸãã¯åæ žã·ã¢ãã³
é¡ãã¹ããªã«é¡ãããããŒã©ã·ã¢ãã³é¡ãããã·
ã¢ãã³é¡ããªããœããŒã«é¡ããã³ãããªããœããŒ
ã«é¡ãå«ãŸãããããã®å åŠå¢æå€ã¯å«çªçŽ è€çŽ
ç°æ žãšããŠãã®æ§é ã®äžéšã«ãã¢ãŸãªã³ããã¢ãŸ
ãŒã«çã®å¡©åºæ§åºãŸãã¯ããŒããã³ãããªããã³
ãã€ã³ããªããµãŸãªãžã³ãžãªã³ããã«ãããŒã«
é žãããªãã«ãããŒã«é žããã©ãŸãã³çã®æ žãå«
ããã®ã奜ãŸããããããæ žã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ãããã
ãã·ã¢ã«ãã«ãã¹ã«ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã«ã«ããã·ã¢ã«
ãã«ãããã²ã³ãããšãã«ãã·ã¢ããã¢ã«ã³ãã·
眮æããããšãã§ãããŸãççŽ ç°ãŸãã¯è€çŽ ç°ãš
çž®åããããšã¯ä»»æã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå éšç·ååããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯è¶
è²å¢æããããšãã§ãããè¶ è²å¢æã®æ¹æ³ã«ã€ã
ãŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãè¶ è²å¢æã®æ©æ§ã®ç·èª¬ïŒReview
of SupersensitizationïŒãïŒããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»
ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãšã³ãžãã€ãªã³ã°
ïŒPhotographic Science and EngineeringïŒ
Vol.18ã4418é ïŒ1974幎ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããã ãã®ä»æ¬çºæã«ãããŠãç®çã«å¿ããŠçšããã
ãæ·»å å€ã¯ã湿最å€ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ããžããã
ãã·ã¢ã«ã«ã³çãæããããããã«èç©æ§æ¹è¯å€
ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãããã
ã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããšã¢ã¯ãªã«é žããã
ã¯ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãšã®å ±éåäœãã¹ãã¬ã³âãã¬
ã€ã³é žå ±éåäœãã¹ãã¬ã³ç¡æ°Žãã¬ã€ã³é žããŒã
ã¢ã«ãã«ãšã¹ãã«å ±éåäœçã®ä¹³åéåã«ãã€ãŠ
åŸãããæ°Žåæ£æ§ã®åŸ®ç²åç¶é«ååç©è³ªçãé©åœ
ã§ãããå¡åžå©å€ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ããµããã³ã
ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã©ãŠãªã«ãšãŒãã«çãå«
ãŸããããã®ä»åççšæ·»å å€ãšããŠããŒã©ãã³å¯
å¡å€ãç颿޻æ§å€ã玫å€ç·åžåå€ãPH調補å€ãé ž
å鲿¢å€ã垯é»é²æ¢å€ãå¢ç²å€ãç²ç¶æ§åäžå€ã
ææãã¢ã«ãã³ããå¢çœå€ãçŸåé床調ç¯å€ãã
ããå€çã䜿çšããããšã¯ä»»æã§ããã äžè¿°ã®åŠã調補ãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ãå¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠäžåŒå±€ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€ããã€ã«
ã¿ãŒå±€çãä»ããŠæ¯æäœã«å¡åžããå éšæœååã
ãã²ã³åéåçæå ææãåŸãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãã«ã©
ãŒçšãšããŠçšããããšã¯æçšã§ããããã®å Žåã
ãã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€äžã«ã·ã¢ã³ãããŒã³ã¿ããã³
ã€ãšããŒã®è²çŽ å圢æã«ãã©ãŒãå«ãŸããããšã
奜ãããã€ãšããŒè²çŽ åœ¢æã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã¯ãã³
ãŸã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãåããããã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ã
ãªãåæãã¯ã«ãããªã³ã°äœã®ççŽ ååãã«ãã
ãªã³ã°åå¿æã«é¢è±ããããšãã§ãã眮æåºãã
ãããã¹ããªãããªãåºã§çœ®æãããŠããïŒåœé
åã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒçãæçšã§ãããããŒã³ã¿è²
çŽ åœ¢æã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã¯ãã©ãŸãã³ç³»ããã©ãŸã
ããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ç³»ããã©ãŸãªããã³ãã€ãããŸãŒã«
ç³»ãã€ã³ããŸãã³ç³»ãæãã¯ã¹ããªãããªãåºã
æããïŒåœéåããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãæçšã§ããã
ã·ã¢ã³è²çŽ åœ¢æã«ãã©ãŒãšãã¯ããšããŒã«ç³»ãã
ãããŒã«ç³»ããã©ãŸãããŸãã³ç³»ãæãã¯ã¹ããª
ãããªãåºãæããïŒåœéåã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒãæ
çšã§ããã åãè²çŽ ç»åã®çæ³¢é·ã®æŽ»æ§å ç·ã«ãã耪è²ã
鲿¢ãããã玫å€ç·åžåå€ãäŸãã°ãã¢ãŸãªã
ã³ããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ãã¢ã¯ãªããããªã«ãã
ã³ãŸããšããŒã«ç³»ååç©ãçšããããšã¯æçšã§ã
ããç¹ã«ãããã³PSãå320ãå326ãå327ãå
328ïŒããããããã¬ã€ã®ãŒç€Ÿè£œïŒã®åçšãããã¯
䜵çšãæå©ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®æ¯æ
äœãšããŠã¯ä»»æã®ãã®ãçšãããããã代衚çãª
æ¯æäœãšããŠã¯ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠäžåŒå å·¥ããããª
ãšãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒããã€ã«ã ãããªã«ãŒãã
ãŒããã€ã«ã ãããªã¹ãã¬ã³ãã€ã«ã ãããªãã
ãã¬ã³ãã€ã«ã ãã»ã«ããŒãºã¢ã»ããŒããã€ã«
ã ãã¬ã©ã¹ããã©ã€ã¿çŽãããªãšãã¬ã³ã©ãããŒ
ãçŽçãå«ãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«ã¯ãŒ
ã©ãã³ã®ä»ã«ç®çã«å¿ããŠé©åœãªãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœ
ãå«ãŸããããšãã§ããããã®é©åœãªãŒã©ãã³èª
å°äœãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãã¢ã·ã«åãŒã©ãã³ãã°ã¢
ããžã«åãŒã©ãã³ãã«ã«ããã«åãŒã©ãã³ãã·ã¢
ããšã¿ããŒã«åãŒã©ãã³ããšã¹ãã«åãŒã©ãã³ç
ãæããããšãã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãç®çã«å¿ããŠä»ã®èŠª
æ°Žæ§ãã€ã³ããŒãå«ãŸããããšãã§ãããã®é©åœ
ãªãã€ã³ããŒãšããŠã¯ãŒã©ãã³ã®ã»ããã³ãã€ã
ç¶ã¢ã«ããã³ãå¯å€©ãã¢ã©ãã€ãŽã ãããã¹ãã©
ã³ãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãã¢ã»ãã«å«é10ã20ïŒ ã«ãŸã§å
æ°Žåè§£ãããã»ã«ããŒãºã¢ã»ããŒãã®åŠãã»ã«ã
ãŒãºèªå°äœãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããã€ããåããª
ã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããã«ãŒã€ã³ãããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«â
ããã«ã¢ããã¢ã»ããŒãã³ããªããŒã®åŠããŠã¬ã¿
ã³ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãŸãã¯ãã·ã¢ãã¢ã»ãã«åºãå«ã
ããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ããªããŒãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒ
ã«ãããªããã«ãããªãã³ãå æ°Žåè§£ããªããã«
ã¢ã»ããŒããèçœè³ªãŸãã¯é£œåã¢ã·ã«åèçœè³ªãš
ããã«åºãæããã¢ãããŒãšã®éåã§åŸãããã
ãªããŒãããªããã«ããªãžã³ãããªããã«ã¢ã
ã³ãããªã¢ãããšãã«ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããããªãš
ãã¬ã³ã¢ãã³çãå«ãŸããä¹³å€å±€ãããã¯äžé
å±€ãä¿è·å±€ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ãè£åŒå±€çã®ããã²ã³
åéåçæå æææ§æå±€ã«ç®çã«å¿ããŠæ·»å ãã
ããšãã§ããããã«äžèšèŠªæ°Žæ§ãã€ã³ããŒã«ã¯ç®
çã«å¿ããŠé©åœãªå¯å¡å€ã最æ»å€çã嫿ããã
ãããšãã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®æ§
æå±€ã¯ä»»æã®é©åœãªç¡¬èå€ã§ç¡¬åããããããšã
ã§ããããããã®ç¡¬èå€ãšããŠã¯ãã¯ãã å¡©ããž
ã«ã³ããŠã å¡©ãããªã«ã ã¢ã«ããããã ã³ããã²
ã³é žã®åŠãã¢ã«ãããç³»ãããããªã¢ãžã³ç³»ãã
ãªãšããã·ååç©ããšãã¬ã³ã€ãã³ç³»ãããã«ã¹
ã«ããªã³ç³»ãã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«ç³»ç¡¬èå€çãæããã
ãã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã¯ã
æ¯æäœäžã«ä¹³å€å±€ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ãäžéå±€ãä¿è·
å±€ãäžåŒå±€ãè£åŒå±€ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€çã®
çš®ã ã®åçæ§æå±€ã倿°èšçœ®ããããšãå¯èœã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã¯ãçœé»äž
è¬çšãã¬ã€çšãã«ã©ãŒçšãåœã«ã©ãŒçšãå°å·
çšãèµ€å€çšããã€ã¯ãçšãéè²çŽ æŒçœçšçã®çš®ã
ã®çšéã«æå¹ã«é©çšããããšãã§ãããŸããç±³åœ
ç¹èš±3087817å·ãå3185567å·ãå2983606å·ãå
3253915å·ãå3227550å·ãå3227551å·ãå
3227552å·ãå3415644å·ãå3415645å·ãå
3415646å·ãå3594164å·ãå3594165å·ãå
3573043å·ãå3647437å·ãå3928312å·ãå
4135929å·ãå4198235å·ãå4336322å·ããã³è±
åœç¹èš±1496363å·ã«èšèŒãããŠãããããªã«ã©ãŒ
ç»åè»¢åæ³ãã«ã©ãŒæ¡æ£è»¢åæ³çã«ãé©çšã§ã
ãã ïŒå®æœäŸïŒ 以äžã宿œäŸããããŠæ¬çºæãäŸèšŒããããæ¬
çºæã®å®æœã®æ æ§ãããã«ãã€ãŠéå®ããããã®
ã§ã¯ãªãã 宿œäŸ ïŒ ç±³åœç¹èš±3761276å·ã®å®æœäŸïŒã«èšèŒãããä¹³
å€ãšåæ§ã«ããŠèª¿è£œãããå éšæœååã®èåéä¹³
å€ã調補ãããå¥ã«ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯
ããâïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâãαâïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžâtert
âã¢ãã«ããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ãããããšããŒã«
40ïœãïŒïŒïŒâãžâtertâãªã¯ãã«ãã€ãããã
ã³1.0ïœã®äž¡è ãé ¢é žãšãã«100ïœããžãªã¯ãã«ã
ã¿ã¬ãŒã30ïœã«æº¶è§£ããããã·ã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ã
ã³é žãããªãŠã ãå«ããŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«å ãä¹³å
忣ããããã®åæ£æ¶²ããããããäžèšå¢æè²çŽ
ïŒçš®ã«ãã€ãŠåå 墿ããåèšä¹³å€ïŒïŒå¡©æ²è
åé0.35ã¢ã«å«æïŒã«å ãã æŽã«ïŒâããããã·âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒïŒïŒïŒ
3aïŒïŒâããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ïŒïœãïŒïŒïŒâãžã
ãããã·âïŒâsecâãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«
ãã³é žã«ãªãŠã ïŒïœãå ããŠæž©åºŠã40âã«èª¿æŽã
ãŠããæ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒãïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒã
ïŒïŒŠâ29ïŒãã¡ã¿ããŒã«æº¶æ¶²ã«ããŠããããã10
mgïŒã¢ã«Agæ·»å ãã30åéæŸçœ®ãä¹³å€ïŒ¡åã³ïŒ¢
ã調æŽããããŸãæ¯èŒã®ã«ããªå€ãšããŠç¹éæ53
â20318å·ã«èšèŒããã ååç©ãã ãæ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã«ä»£ããŠ10mgïŒã¢ã«Ag䜿çš
ããã»ãã¯äžã«èšèŒããã®ãšå šãåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§ä¹³
å€ïŒ£åã³ïŒ€ã調補ããã ãã®ä¹³å€ïŒ¡ïŒïŒ¢ïŒïŒ£ããã³ïŒ€ã«å¯ŸããŠååç©
ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒã®1.0Ã10-3ã¢ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãïŒã10ã30ã
100mlæ·»å ããŠãã硬èå€ãšããŠãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹
ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒãšãŒãã«ããŒã©ãã³ïŒïœåœã
0.02ïœã®å²åã§å ããŠã¬ãžã³ã³ãŒãããçŽæ¯æäœ
äžã«å¡åžééã0.5ïœïŒm2ã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããŠã
çŽæ¥ããžåçæå ææã調補ããã ãããã®åçæå ææã«åæ§é²å ãäžããåŸã
以äžã«ç€ºãåŠçãè¡ãªã€ãã åŠçïŒ çºè²çŸåïŒïŒå30ç§ïŒâ忢ïŒ30ç§ïŒâæŒçœå®ç
ïŒïŒå30ç§ïŒâæ°ŽæŽïŒïŒå30ç§ïŒ åŠç枩床ã¯ååŠçã¹ãããå ±ã«30âã§ããã
ååŠçæ¶²ã®çµæã瀺ããã çºè²çŸåæ¶²ïŒ çé žã«ãªãŠã 25ïœïŒ èåã«ãªãŠã ïŒïœïŒ ãã³ãžã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã« 10ïœïŒ äºç¡«é žã«ãªãŠã 2.5ïœïŒ ïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã« 10mgïŒ ïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ââãšãã«âNâ²â ïŒÎ²âã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ã¢ãããšãã«ïŒ ã¢ããªã³ç¡«é žå¡© 4.5ïœïŒ PHïŒæ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã ã§èª¿è£œïŒ 12.0 åæ¢æ¶²ïŒ é ¢é žãããªãŠã 6.7ïœïŒ é ¢é ž 18.5ïœïŒ äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 4.5ïœïŒ PH 4.1 æŒçœå®çæ¶²ïŒ ããªç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 110ïœ äºç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ ãããªãŠã 10ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žéã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 60ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žïŒã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒïœ ãã¹ããªå°¿çŽ ïŒïœ ã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢æ°ŽPHã4.5ã«èª¿ç¯ããã®ã«å¿ èŠãªé æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ åŸããã詊æã®èµ€è²å ã«å¯Ÿããå åŠæ¿åºŠã枬å®
ãã第ïŒè¡šã®åŠãåçæ§èœãåŸãããŸãããã«ã
ããå¡åžè©Šæããæ¹¿åºŠ40âãçžå¯Ÿæ¹¿åºŠ80ïŒ ã§ïŒæ¥
ä¿åããåŸãåæ§é²å ãäžããåŸãåæ§ã®åŠçã
è¡ãªãã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠãæ§èœãåŸãã
ãããååç©ã¯ã«ããªå€ãšããŠçšãããããã®ã§
ããïŒä»¥äžãæ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ãšããïŒãããã®
代衚çãªãã®ã以äžã«äŸç€ºããããæ¬çºæã¯ãã
ãã®ã¿ã«éå®ããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã ïŒååç©äŸïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ10ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ11ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ12ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ13ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ14ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ15ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ16ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ17ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ18ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ19ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ20ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ21ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ22ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ23ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ24ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ25ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ26ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ27ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ28ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ29ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ30ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ31ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ32ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ33ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ34ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ35ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ36ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ37ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ38ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ39ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ40ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ41ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ42ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ43ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ44ïŒ ïŒïŒŠâ45ïŒ åèšæ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã¯äžè¬çã«æ¬¡ã®æ¹æ³ã«ã
ã€ãŠåæããããšãã§ãããïŒâãããããšãã«
ããã©ãžã³ã«ã«ã«ãã³é žïŒãããã¯é žå¡©åç©ãŸã
ã¯é žç¡æ°Žç©ïŒãåå¿ãããããšã«ãããïŒâã¢ã·
ã«âïŒâïŒïŒâãããããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãšã
ããããããšã¿ããŒã«ã溶åªãšããŠè§ŠåªãçšããŠ
æ°ŽçŽ æ·»å ãè¡ããçžåœããïŒâã¢ããäœã«éå ã
ããæ¬çºæã®é察称åâã¢ã·ã«ããã©ãžãããš
ãã«âïŒïŒïŒâããã©ãžã³ãžã«ã«ãããªã¢ãã
ïŒNâ²çœ®æããã³é眮æãå«ãïŒååç©ã¯ãäžèšã®
ããã«ããŠåŸãããïŒâã¢ããããšãã«ããã©ãž
ãäœãïŒâã¢ã·ã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒ
ãããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ã«èªå°ããææã®ããªã»
ãã«ã«ããžããšãšã¿ããŒã«æº¶åªäžå ç±éæµããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠæ²æŸ±ç©ãšããŠåŸãããšãã§ããããã
ã§ïŒâã¢ã·ã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒãã
ãšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ã¯ãïŒâã¢ã·ã«âïŒâïŒïŒâ
ã¢ããããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãšããªãã¹ã²ã³ãŸã
ã¯ïŒïŒ1â²âããªã«ã«ããã«ãžã€ãããŸãŒã«ãšãäž
æŽ»æ§æº¶åªïŒäŸãã°ãã³ãŒã³ãã¯ãããã«ã ãã¢ã»
ããããªã«ãã¢ã»ãã³ïŒäžã§åå¿ãããããšã«ã
ã€ãŠãæãã¯ïŒâã¢ã·ã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã¢ããããš
ãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãšäºç¡«åççŽ ãããªãšãã«ã¢ã
ã³ã®ååšäžã§ãžããªã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã«å°ããç¶ããŠ
ã¯ãã«ã®é žãšãã«ãåå¿ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠåŸã
ããšãã§ããããŸãããªã»ãã«ã«ããžãã¯çã¢ã«
ã®ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒããšããã©ãžã³ãšãã¢ã«ã³ãŒ
ã«æº¶åªäžã§åå¿ãããŠåŸããããäžæ¹ãæ¬çºæã®
察称åïŒNâ²âãã¹ïŒã¢ã·ã«ããã©ãžãããšã
ã«ïŒâïŒïŒïŒâããã©ãžã³ãžã«ã«ãããªã¢ããã¯
äžèšããããªã»ãã«ã«ããžãã®è£œæ³ã«åŸã€ãŠãïŒ
åœéã®ã¢ã·ã«ããã©ãžãããšãã«ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã
ãŒããšããã©ãžã³ãåå¿ãããããšã«ããåæã
ãããšãã§ããããŸãã«ã«ãã¢ããããšãã«åºãŸ
ãã¯ã¹ã«ãã¢ããããšãã«åºãé£çµåºãšããŠæã
ãæ¬çºæã®ååç©ã¯ãåèšã®ïŒâã¢ã·ã«âïŒâ
ïŒïŒâã¢ããããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãããããå®
æ¯éŠé žã¯ããªãæãã¯ããããã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ããã«
ã¯ããªããçšããŠããããã察å¿ããïŒâã¢ã·ã«
âïŒâïŒãããããšãã«ã¢ã·ãããšãã«ïŒããã©
ãžã³ãšããæŽã«ãããéå ããã€ãã§ã€ãœããªã·
ã¢ããŒãã«èªå°ããŠããªã»ãã«ã«ããžããšåå¿ã
ããæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠåæããããšãã§ããã æ¬¡ã«æ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã®å ·äœçåææ³ãäŸèšã
ãã åæäŸ ïŒ ïŒäŸç€ºååç©ïŒïŒŠâ29ïŒã®åæïŒ (ã€) ïŒâãã«ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâãããããšãã«ïŒ
ããã©ãžã³äžéäœã®åæã ïŒâãããããšãã«ããã©ãžã³19.2ïœãã®é ž
ãããªãŠã 8.5ïœããšã¿ããŒã«80mlãã®é žãšã
ã«400mlãã®é ž60mlã®æ··å溶液äžã§ïŒæéå ç±
ãéæµããããã®åŸæº¶åªãæžå§æ¿çž®ããæåºã
ãçµæ¶ã濟åãããšã¿ããŒã«ã§æŽã€ãŠä¹Ÿç¥ãã
ããç®çç©ã®åé13.1ïœãèç¹182ã184âã (ã) ïŒâãã«ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã¢ããããšãã«ïŒ
ããã©ãžã³äžéäœã®åæã ïŒâãã«ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâãããããšãã«ïŒ
ããã©ãžã³ïŒïœããšã¿ããŒã«200mlãšé ¢é žãšã
ã«200mlã®æ··å溶åªã«æžæ¿ãããã©ãžãŠã âç
çŽ 1.0ïœãå ããŠåžžå§äžã§æ°ŽçŽ æ·»å ãããåå¿
æ¶²ãæ¿Ÿéããæ¿Ÿæ¶²ãæžå§äžæ¿çž®ããçæããçµ
æ¶ã濟åãããšã¿ããŒã«ïŒïœâãããµã³æ··å溶
åªã§æŽã€ãŠä¹Ÿç¥ããããç®çç©ã®åé3.8ïœã
èç¹120ã123âã (ã) ïœâïŒïŒâãã«ãã«ããã©ãžãããšãã«ïŒã€
ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒãäžéäœã®åæã ïŒâãã«ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã¢ããããšãã«ïŒ
ããã©ãžã³2.2ïœãã¢ã»ãã³200mlã«æº¶ãããâ
50âã«å·åŽãããããã«ïŒïŒ1â²âããªã«ã«ãã
ã«ãžã€ãããŸãŒã«2.7ïœãã¢ã»ãã³60mlã«æº¶ã
ãããã®ã30åéã«æ»Žäžãããæ¬¡ãã§å®€æž©ãŸã§
ãã€ããæ»ããïŒæéæ¹æããã30â以äžã§æž
å§äžã溶åªãèžçºä¹Ÿåºããæ®æ»ã«ãšãŒãã«100
mlãå ããããããã€ã¶ãããæžæ¿æ¶²ã濟é
ããæ°Ž150mlã§æŽæµããæŽã«ãšãŒãã«50mlã§æŽ
æµããŠãç®çç©1.8ïœãåŸããèç¹173ã177âã (ã) äŸç€ºååç©ïŒïŒŠâ29ïŒã®åæ å¡©é žã»ãã«ã«ããžã1.11ïœããšã¿ããŒã«30
mlãæ°Ž10mlã®æ··åæº¶æ¶²ã«æº¶ãããããªãšãã«ã¢
ãã³ã1.01ïœãå ããããã®æº¶æ¶²ã«çªçŽ æ°æµ
äžãïœâïŒïŒâãã«ãã«ããã©ãžãããšãã«ïŒ
ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒã1.8ïœãå ããïŒæéå ç±
éæµãããæŸå·åŸãåå¿æ¶²ã濟éããæ°Ž20mlã§
æŽããæ¬¡ãã§ãšã¿ããŒã«20mlã§æŽæµããç®çç©
0.95ïœãåŸããèç¹204ã205âïŒåè§£ïŒã åæäŸ ïŒ ïŒäŸç€ºååç©ïŒïŒŠâ30ïŒã®åæïŒ ïŒâããšãã«ã»ãã«ã«ããžã1.51ïœããšã¿ããŒ
ã«40mlãæ°ŽïŒmlã®æ··åæ¶²ã«åæ£ããããããã«çª
çŽ æ°æµäžãïœâïŒïŒâãã«ãã«ããã©ãžãããšã
ã«ïŒã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒã1.95ïœãæ·»å ããïŒæé
å ç±ãéæµããããæŸå·åŸãåå¿æ¶²ã濟éãããš
ã¿ããŒã«30mlã§æŽæµããŠç®çç©1.40ïœãåŸããè
ç¹196ã198âïŒåè§£ïŒã æ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã¯ããããã®å°ããšãïŒçš®ã
å éšæœååããã²ã³åéç²åã嫿ããå°ããšã
ïŒå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãæããçŽæ¥ããžåç
æå ææã®æ¯æäœã«å¯ŸããŠè©²ä¹³å€å±€åŽã«ããå°ã
ãšãïŒå±€ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã奜ãŸããã¯å éšæœ
ååããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€å±€ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯ãã
ã«é£æ¥ãã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ïŒäŸãã°è²çŽ ç»å圢
æç©è³ªå±€ãäžéå±€ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ãä¿è·å±€ããã¬
ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€ïŒã«å«æããããããã æ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã®ïŒçš®ä»¥äžã䜵çšããå Žåã
ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ãã®é£æ¥å±€äžã«ãããŠå
äžå±€ã«å ±åããããã奜ãŸããããå¥ã®å±€ã«å€«ã
嫿ããããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã®äœ¿çšéã¯ãçšãããããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®ç¹æ§ãã«ããªå€ã®çš®é¡ãçŸåæ¡ä»¶
ã«ãã€ãŠåºãç¯å²ã«å€åãåŸãããå éšæœååã
ãã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãæããåçæå ææãç»åé²å
åŸã衚é¢çŸåæ¶²ã§çŸååŠçããŠããžç»åãåŸãã
ãã ãã®ãã¶ããäœçšãäžããéã§ããã°ããã
çŸååŠçåŸå åãªæå€§æ¿åºŠïŒäŸãã°1.5以äžïŒã
äžããéã§ããããšãæãŸãããéåžžã¯ãå éšæœ
ååããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«ã«å¯Ÿãã«ããªå€ã10-6ã¢
ã«â10-2ã¢ã«çšåºŠã奜ãŸãããæŽã«å¥œãŸããã¯
10-6ã¢ã«ã10-3ã¢ã«ã®ç¯å²ã§ããã ãŸããã«ã©ãŒæ¡æ£è»¢åæ³ã«é©çšãããå Žåã«ã
ã€ãŠã¯ããã®ååå±€ãŸãã¯ã·ãŒãäžã«æ··å ¥ããã
ãããšãã§ããããã®å Žåã®è©²ã«ããªå€ã®å«æé
ã¯åèšããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€äžã«å«æããããå Žå
ã«æºããéã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã¯ãåèšããåŸæ¥å ¬ç¥
ã®ã«ããªå€ãšäœµçšããããšãã§ãããæçšãªå ¬ç¥
ã®ã«ããªå€ã®å ·äœäŸã瀺ãã°ãããã©ãžã³å¡©é ž
å¡©ãããšãã«ããã©ãžã³å¡©é žå¡©ãïŒâã¡ãã«ããš
ãã«ããã©ãžã³å¡©é žå¡©ãïŒâãã«ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒ
âã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãïŒâã¢ã»ãã«â
ïŒâããšãã«ããã©ãžã³ãïŒâã¢ã»ãã«âïŒâ
ïŒïŒâã¢ã»ãã¢ããããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãïŒâ
ã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ããšãã«âïŒâããšãã«ããã©ãžã³ã
ïŒâãã³ãŸã€ã«âïŒâããšãã«ããã©ãžã³ãïŒâ
ã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ããªãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâããšãã«ã¹ã«ã
ãªã³ã¢ããããšãã«ïŒããã©ãžã³ãããªã«ã ã¢ã«
ãããããšãã«ããã©ãžã³çã®ããã©ãžã³åå
ç©ïŒïŒâïŒïŒâãã«ãã«ãšãã«ïŒâïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³
ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâïŒïŒâãã«ãã«
ãšãã«ïŒâïŒâãããã«ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãã
ãã€ããïŒâïŒïŒâã¢ã»ãã«ãšãã«ïŒâïŒâãã³ãž
ã«ãã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâïŒïŒâ
ã¢ã»ãã«ãšãã«âïŒâãã³ãžã«âïŒâããšãã«ã
ã³ãŸãªããµãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒ
âãïŒâïŒããšãã«ããã©ãŸã³ïŒãããã«ããã³ãŸ
ãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâãïŒ
âïŒïœâããªã«ããã©ãŸãïŒãããã«ããã³ãŸã
ã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâãïŒâ
ïŒïœâã¹ã«ããªããšãã«ããã©ãŸãïŒãããã«ã
ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒ
âãïŒâïŒïœâã¹ã«ããªããšãã«ããã©ãŸãïŒãã³
ãã«ããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãšãŒãããïŒïŒïŒâãž
ãããâïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâããšãã«ããªãïŒïŒ
ïŒâïœïŒœãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ããïŒïŒïŒ
âãžãããâïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâããšãã«ããªã
ïŒïŒïŒâïœïŒœâïŒâããšãã«ãã³ãŸãªããµãŸãªãŠ
ã ãããã€ããïŒïŒ4â²âãšãã¬ã³ãã¹ïŒïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããªãïŒïŒïŒâïœïŒœãã³
ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã ãããã€ãïŒãïŒïŒïŒâãžããã
âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâããšãã«ããªãïŒïŒïŒâ
ïœïŒœãã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸãªãŠã ãããã€ãçã®ïŒ®â眮
æç¬¬ïŒçŽã·ã¯ãã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©ïŒïŒâãïŒâãšã
ã«ãããïŒïŒïŒâïœïŒœãã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâã€ãªã
ã³ãšããªãã³ãâïŒâïŒïŒâããšãã«ã«ã«ããŸã€
ã«ïŒã¡ãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âïŒâããªããã³ãã€ã³ãïŒâïŒïŒâãšãã«âïŒ
âãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªããªãã³ïŒâïŒâãïŒâïŒïŒâã
ãªã«ãã«ããã©ãžãïŒããšãã«ãããŒããã³ãïŒ
âãïŒâïŒïŒâããªã«ãã«ããã©ãžãïŒããšãã«ã
ïŒâããšãã«ããªå°¿çŽ ãïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ãïŒâïŒïŒ
âããªã«ãã«ããã©ãžãïŒããšãã«ãããªå°¿çŽ ãª
ã©ãæããããã æ¬¡ã«ãæ¬çºæã«ãããŠæçšãªåèšäžè¬åŒãã
ã§è¡šããããååç©ïŒä»¥åŸæ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«ããå
åç©ãšç§°ãïŒã®ä»£è¡šçå ·äœäŸã以äžã«æããããš
ãæ¬çºæã¯ãããã«éå®ãããªãã ïŒååç©äŸïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒ ïŒïŒ§â10ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â11ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â12ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â13ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â14ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â15ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â16ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â17ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â18ïŒ ïŒïŒ§â19ïŒ æ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ã¯ãéåžžã®æ¹æ³ã§å
æãããšãã§ãããäŸãã°ãã±ããã·ãšããªãã
âChemische Berichteâ86ãP314ãããã³ã«ã
ãã€ã¢ã³ã»ãžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ã±ãã¹ããªãŒ
âCanadian Journal of Chemistryâ37ãP101ã«
èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ããžã€ãŒãã«ã»ãªãã»ã±ãã«ã«ã»ãœãµ
ã€ãã€âJournal of Chemical Societyâ49ã
P1748ïŒ1927幎ïŒãããã³ç¹éæ50â89034å·ãå
53â28426å·çã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã§åæããããšãã§
ããã æ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ã¯ãåç¬ã§ãŸãã¯ïŒ
以äžçµåãããŠçšããããšãã§ãããã®äœ¿çšé
ã¯ãéå®ã§ã¯ãªãããæ¢ããŠããã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«
åœã10-7ã10-2ã¢ã«ã奜ãŸããã¯10-6ã10-3ã¢ã«
ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ã®æ·»å ææã¯ããã
ã²ã³åéç²åã®æ²æŸ±ãçµã€ãŠãã該乳å€ã®å¡åžã
è¡ãªãããè¿ã®éã®ä»»æã®ææã§ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸ
ããã¯ããã²ã³åéç²åã®æ²æŸ±ãšååŠå¢æã®å·¥çš
ãçµäºããŠä»¥éã«æ·»å ããããšã§ããããŸããæ·»
å æ¹æ³ã¯ãåŸæ¥å ¬ç¥ã®ä»»æã®æ¹æ³ãæ¡çšã§ãã
ããé žãŸãã¯å¡©ã®åœ¢æ ã§æ°ŽãŸãã¯ã¡ã¿ããŒã«çã®
ææ©æº¶åªããããã®æ··å溶åªã«æº¶è§£ããŠæ·»å ãã
ã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã æ¬çºæã®å éšæœååããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ
ã¯åæ§é²å åŸãã«ããªå€ã®ååšäžã«çŸååŠçãã
ããšã«ãã€ãŠçŽæ¥ããžç»åã圢æããããæ¬çºæ
ã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®çŸååŠçæ¹æ³
ã¯ä»»æã®çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ãæ¡çšããããã奜ãŸãã
ã¯è¡šé¢çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ã§ããããã®è¡šé¢çŸååŠçæ¹
æ³ãšã¯ããã²ã³åéæº¶å€ãå®è³ªçã«å«ãŸãªãçŸå
æ¶²ã§åŠçããããšãæå³ããã æ¬çºæã®çŸåæ¶²ã«ãããŠäœ¿çšããããšã®ã§ãã
éåžžã®ããã²ã³åéçŸåå€ã«ã¯ããã€ããããã³
ã®åŠãããªããããã·ãã³ãŒã³é¡ãã¢ããããšã
ãŒã«é¡ãïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³é¡ãã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é žãš
ãã®èªå°äœãã¬ãã¯ãã³é¡ãããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³
é¡çãããã¯ãã®æ··åç©ãå«ãŸãããå ·äœçã«ã¯
ãã€ããããã³ãã¢ããããšããŒã«ãâã¡ãã«
ã¢ããããšããŒã«ãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãª
ãã³ãïŒâããšãã«âïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ãã«âïŒâã
ã©ãŸãªãã³ãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã
ãããã·ã¡ãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³ãã¢ã¹ã³ã«ã
ã³é žãïŒïŒ®âãžãšãã«âïœâããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ã
ã³ããžãšãã«ã¢ããâïœâãã«ã€ãžã³ãïŒâã¢ã
ãâïŒâã¡ãã«ââãšãã«ââïŒÎ²âã¡ã¿ã³
ã¹ã«ããªã³ã¢ãããšãã«ïŒã¢ããªã³ãïŒâã¢ãã
âïŒâã¡ãã«ââãšãã«ââïŒÎ²âãããã
ã·ãšãã«ïŒã¢ããªã³çãæããããããããã®çŸ
åå€ã¯ãããããä¹³å€äžã«å«ãŸããŠãããé«PHæ°Ž
溶液浞挬äžã«ããã²ã³åéã«äœçšãããããã«ã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãããçŸåæ¶²ã¯ãæŽã«ç¹å®
ã®ã«ããªé²æ¢å€åã³çŸåæå¶å€ã嫿ããããšã
ã§ãããããã¯ãããã®çŸå液添å å€ãããã²ã³
åéåçæå ææã®å±€èäžã«ä»»æã«çµã¿å ¥ããã
ãšãå¯èœã§ãããéåžžæçšãªã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã«ã¯ã
äŸãã°ïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®ãããªã
ã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ïŒãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ïŒïŒâ
ããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«ã®ãããª
è€çŽ ç°åŒããªã³é¡ïŒè³éŠæåã³èèªæã®ã¡ã«ã«ã«
ããååç©çãå«ãŸããããŸããçŸåæ¶²äžã«ã¯ã
çŸåä¿é²å€äŸãã°ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãèªå°
äœã第ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©ååç©ãªã©ã嫿ãã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åéåçæå
ææã¯å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã®å éšæœååããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€ãããªãã æ¬çºæã«ãããå éšæœååããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯
ããã²ã³åéç²åã®å éšã«äž»ãšããŠæœåã圢æ
ããæå æ žã®å€§éšåãç²åã®å éšã«æããããã²
ã³åéç²åãæããä¹³å€ã§ãã€ãŠãä»»æã®ããã²
ã³åéãäŸãã°èåéãå¡©åéãå¡©èåéãæ²è
åéãå¡©æ²èåéçãå å«ãããã ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãã®ä¹³å€ã¯éæãªæ¯æäœã«å¡åž
ãã詊æã®äžéšãçŽïŒç§ãŸã§ã®ããå®ããããæ
éã«ããã€ãŠå 匷床ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã«é²å ããŠå®è³ªçã«
ããã²ã³åéæº¶å€ã嫿ããªãç²åã®è¡šé¢åã®ã¿
ãçŸåããäžèšã®è¡šé¢çŸå液ãçšããŠ20âã§ïŒ
åéçŸåããå Žåã«ãåäžã®ä¹³å€è©Šæã®å¥ã®äžéš
ãåããé²å ããç²åã®å éšã®åãçŸåããäžèš
ã®å éšçŸå液ã§20âã§ïŒåéçŸåããå Žåã«åŸ
ãããæå€§æ¿åºŠã®1/5ãã倧ãããªãæå€§æ¿åºŠã
瀺ããã®ã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ã衚é¢çŸå液ãçš
ããŠåŸãããæå€§æ¿åºŠã¯å éšçŸå液ã§åŸããã
æå€§æ¿åºŠã®1/10ãã倧ãããªããã®ã§ããã 衚é¢çŸå液 ã¡ããŒã« 2.5ïœ ïŒ¬âã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é ž 10ïœ NaBO2ã»4H2O 35ïœ KBr ïŒïœ æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ å éšçŸå液 ã¡ããŒã« 2.0ïœ äºæµé žãœãŒãïŒç¡æ°ŽïŒ 90.0ïœ ãã€ããããã³ 8.0ïœ çé žãœãŒããŒæ°Žå¡© 52.5ïœ KBr 5.0ïœ KI 0.5ïœ æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åéä¹³
å€ã¯ãçš®ã ã®æ¹æ³ã§èª¿è£œããããã®ãå«ãŸããã
äŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±2592250å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããã³ã³
ããŒãžãšã³åããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ããŸãã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±
3206316å·ãå3317322å·ããã³å3367778å·ã«èš
èŒãããŠããå éšååŠå¢æãããããã²ã³åéç²
åãæããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ããŸãã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±
3271157å·ãå3447927å·ããã³å351291å·ã«èšèŒ
ãããŠããå€äŸ¡éå±ã€ãªã³ãå èµããŠããããã²
ã³åéç²åãæããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ããŸãã¯ç±³
åœç¹èš±3761276å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããããŒãå€ãå«
æããããã²ã³åéç²åã®ç²å衚é¢ã匱ãååŠå¢
æããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ããŸãã¯ç¹éæ50â8524
å·ãå50â38525å·ããã³å53â2408å·ã«èšèŒã
ããŠããç©å±€æ§é ãæããç²åãããªãããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€ããã®ä»ç¹éæ52â156614å·ããã³ç¹é
æ55â127549å·ã«èšèŒãããŠããããã²ã³åéä¹³
å€ãªã©ã§ããã æŽã«ãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åéä¹³
å€ã«ã¯ãéåžžçšããããå®å®å€ãäŸãã°ã¢ã¶ã€ã³
ãã³ç°ãæã€ååç©ããã³ã¡ã«ã«ããåºãæãã
å«çªçŽ ãããç°ååç©ïŒä»£è¡šçãªãã®ãšããŠãã
ããïŒâããããã·âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒ
ïŒâããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ããã³ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâ
ã¡ã«ã«ããã©ããããŒã«ãæãããããïŒçãã
ãã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«ã«å¯ŸãïŒmgã10ïœå«æãããã
ãšã«ãããããäœãçŽ å°æ¿åºŠãæã€ãããå®å®ãª
çµæãäžããããšãã§ããã ãã®ä»æ¬çºæã«ãããŠãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãŸãã¯å®
å®å€ãšããŠãäŸãã°æ°Žéååç©ãããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ç³»
ååç©ãã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ç³»ååç©ããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãª
ãŠã ç³»ååç©ãäºéååç©çã䜿çšãåŸãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå éšæœååããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã«
ã¯ãåçš®ã®åççšæ·»å å€ãå ããããšã¯ä»»æã§ã
ããäŸãã°ãæ¬çºæã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãåŸãååŠå¢æ
å€ã«ã¯ãã·ã¢ãã³é¡ãã¡ãã·ã¢ã³é¡ãäžæ žãŸãã¯
åæ žã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³é¡ãäžæ žãŸãã¯åæ žã·ã¢ãã³
é¡ãã¹ããªã«é¡ãããããŒã©ã·ã¢ãã³é¡ãããã·
ã¢ãã³é¡ããªããœããŒã«é¡ããã³ãããªããœããŒ
ã«é¡ãå«ãŸãããããã®å åŠå¢æå€ã¯å«çªçŽ è€çŽ
ç°æ žãšããŠãã®æ§é ã®äžéšã«ãã¢ãŸãªã³ããã¢ãŸ
ãŒã«çã®å¡©åºæ§åºãŸãã¯ããŒããã³ãããªããã³
ãã€ã³ããªããµãŸãªãžã³ãžãªã³ããã«ãããŒã«
é žãããªãã«ãããŒã«é žããã©ãŸãã³çã®æ žãå«
ããã®ã奜ãŸããããããæ žã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ãããã
ãã·ã¢ã«ãã«ãã¹ã«ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã«ã«ããã·ã¢ã«
ãã«ãããã²ã³ãããšãã«ãã·ã¢ããã¢ã«ã³ãã·
眮æããããšãã§ãããŸãççŽ ç°ãŸãã¯è€çŽ ç°ãš
çž®åããããšã¯ä»»æã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãå éšç·ååããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯è¶
è²å¢æããããšãã§ãããè¶ è²å¢æã®æ¹æ³ã«ã€ã
ãŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãè¶ è²å¢æã®æ©æ§ã®ç·èª¬ïŒReview
of SupersensitizationïŒãïŒããªãã°ã©ãã€ãã¯ã»
ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãšã³ãžãã€ãªã³ã°
ïŒPhotographic Science and EngineeringïŒ
Vol.18ã4418é ïŒ1974幎ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããã ãã®ä»æ¬çºæã«ãããŠãç®çã«å¿ããŠçšããã
ãæ·»å å€ã¯ã湿最å€ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ããžããã
ãã·ã¢ã«ã«ã³çãæããããããã«èç©æ§æ¹è¯å€
ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãããã
ã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããšã¢ã¯ãªã«é žããã
ã¯ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãšã®å ±éåäœãã¹ãã¬ã³âãã¬
ã€ã³é žå ±éåäœãã¹ãã¬ã³ç¡æ°Žãã¬ã€ã³é žããŒã
ã¢ã«ãã«ãšã¹ãã«å ±éåäœçã®ä¹³åéåã«ãã€ãŠ
åŸãããæ°Žåæ£æ§ã®åŸ®ç²åç¶é«ååç©è³ªçãé©åœ
ã§ãããå¡åžå©å€ãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ããµããã³ã
ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã©ãŠãªã«ãšãŒãã«çãå«
ãŸããããã®ä»åççšæ·»å å€ãšããŠããŒã©ãã³å¯
å¡å€ãç颿޻æ§å€ã玫å€ç·åžåå€ãPH調補å€ãé ž
å鲿¢å€ã垯é»é²æ¢å€ãå¢ç²å€ãç²ç¶æ§åäžå€ã
ææãã¢ã«ãã³ããå¢çœå€ãçŸåé床調ç¯å€ãã
ããå€çã䜿çšããããšã¯ä»»æã§ããã äžè¿°ã®åŠã調補ãããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ãå¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠäžåŒå±€ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€ããã€ã«
ã¿ãŒå±€çãä»ããŠæ¯æäœã«å¡åžããå éšæœååã
ãã²ã³åéåçæå ææãåŸãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãã«ã©
ãŒçšãšããŠçšããããšã¯æçšã§ããããã®å Žåã
ãã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€äžã«ã·ã¢ã³ãããŒã³ã¿ããã³
ã€ãšããŒã®è²çŽ å圢æã«ãã©ãŒãå«ãŸããããšã
奜ãããã€ãšããŒè²çŽ åœ¢æã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã¯ãã³
ãŸã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãåããããã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ã
ãªãåæãã¯ã«ãããªã³ã°äœã®ççŽ ååãã«ãã
ãªã³ã°åå¿æã«é¢è±ããããšãã§ãã眮æåºãã
ãããã¹ããªãããªãåºã§çœ®æãããŠããïŒåœé
åã€ãšããŒã«ãã©ãŒçãæçšã§ãããããŒã³ã¿è²
çŽ åœ¢æã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã¯ãã©ãŸãã³ç³»ããã©ãŸã
ããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ç³»ããã©ãŸãªããã³ãã€ãããŸãŒã«
ç³»ãã€ã³ããŸãã³ç³»ãæãã¯ã¹ããªãããªãåºã
æããïŒåœéåããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãæçšã§ããã
ã·ã¢ã³è²çŽ åœ¢æã«ãã©ãŒãšãã¯ããšããŒã«ç³»ãã
ãããŒã«ç³»ããã©ãŸãããŸãã³ç³»ãæãã¯ã¹ããª
ãããªãåºãæããïŒåœéåã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒãæ
çšã§ããã åãè²çŽ ç»åã®çæ³¢é·ã®æŽ»æ§å ç·ã«ãã耪è²ã
鲿¢ãããã玫å€ç·åžåå€ãäŸãã°ãã¢ãŸãªã
ã³ããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ãã¢ã¯ãªããããªã«ãã
ã³ãŸããšããŒã«ç³»ååç©ãçšããããšã¯æçšã§ã
ããç¹ã«ãããã³PSãå320ãå326ãå327ãå
328ïŒããããããã¬ã€ã®ãŒç€Ÿè£œïŒã®åçšãããã¯
䜵çšãæå©ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®æ¯æ
äœãšããŠã¯ä»»æã®ãã®ãçšãããããã代衚çãª
æ¯æäœãšããŠã¯ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠäžåŒå å·¥ããããª
ãšãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒããã€ã«ã ãããªã«ãŒãã
ãŒããã€ã«ã ãããªã¹ãã¬ã³ãã€ã«ã ãããªãã
ãã¬ã³ãã€ã«ã ãã»ã«ããŒãºã¢ã»ããŒããã€ã«
ã ãã¬ã©ã¹ããã©ã€ã¿çŽãããªãšãã¬ã³ã©ãããŒ
ãçŽçãå«ãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«ã¯ãŒ
ã©ãã³ã®ä»ã«ç®çã«å¿ããŠé©åœãªãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœ
ãå«ãŸããããšãã§ããããã®é©åœãªãŒã©ãã³èª
å°äœãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°ãã¢ã·ã«åãŒã©ãã³ãã°ã¢
ããžã«åãŒã©ãã³ãã«ã«ããã«åãŒã©ãã³ãã·ã¢
ããšã¿ããŒã«åãŒã©ãã³ããšã¹ãã«åãŒã©ãã³ç
ãæããããšãã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãç®çã«å¿ããŠä»ã®èŠª
æ°Žæ§ãã€ã³ããŒãå«ãŸããããšãã§ãããã®é©åœ
ãªãã€ã³ããŒãšããŠã¯ãŒã©ãã³ã®ã»ããã³ãã€ã
ç¶ã¢ã«ããã³ãå¯å€©ãã¢ã©ãã€ãŽã ãããã¹ãã©
ã³ãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãã¢ã»ãã«å«é10ã20ïŒ ã«ãŸã§å
æ°Žåè§£ãããã»ã«ããŒãºã¢ã»ããŒãã®åŠãã»ã«ã
ãŒãºèªå°äœãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããã€ããåããª
ã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããã«ãŒã€ã³ãããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«â
ããã«ã¢ããã¢ã»ããŒãã³ããªããŒã®åŠããŠã¬ã¿
ã³ã«ã«ãã³é žåºãŸãã¯ãã·ã¢ãã¢ã»ãã«åºãå«ã
ããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ããªããŒãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒ
ã«ãããªããã«ãããªãã³ãå æ°Žåè§£ããªããã«
ã¢ã»ããŒããèçœè³ªãŸãã¯é£œåã¢ã·ã«åèçœè³ªãš
ããã«åºãæããã¢ãããŒãšã®éåã§åŸãããã
ãªããŒãããªããã«ããªãžã³ãããªããã«ã¢ã
ã³ãããªã¢ãããšãã«ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããããªãš
ãã¬ã³ã¢ãã³çãå«ãŸããä¹³å€å±€ãããã¯äžé
å±€ãä¿è·å±€ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ãè£åŒå±€çã®ããã²ã³
åéåçæå æææ§æå±€ã«ç®çã«å¿ããŠæ·»å ãã
ããšãã§ããããã«äžèšèŠªæ°Žæ§ãã€ã³ããŒã«ã¯ç®
çã«å¿ããŠé©åœãªå¯å¡å€ã最æ»å€çã嫿ããã
ãããšãã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®æ§
æå±€ã¯ä»»æã®é©åœãªç¡¬èå€ã§ç¡¬åããããããšã
ã§ããããããã®ç¡¬èå€ãšããŠã¯ãã¯ãã å¡©ããž
ã«ã³ããŠã å¡©ãããªã«ã ã¢ã«ããããã ã³ããã²
ã³é žã®åŠãã¢ã«ãããç³»ãããããªã¢ãžã³ç³»ãã
ãªãšããã·ååç©ããšãã¬ã³ã€ãã³ç³»ãããã«ã¹
ã«ããªã³ç³»ãã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«ç³»ç¡¬èå€çãæããã
ãã ãŸããæ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã¯ã
æ¯æäœäžã«ä¹³å€å±€ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ãäžéå±€ãä¿è·
å±€ãäžåŒå±€ãè£åŒå±€ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€çã®
çš®ã ã®åçæ§æå±€ã倿°èšçœ®ããããšãå¯èœã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã¯ãçœé»äž
è¬çšãã¬ã€çšãã«ã©ãŒçšãåœã«ã©ãŒçšãå°å·
çšãèµ€å€çšããã€ã¯ãçšãéè²çŽ æŒçœçšçã®çš®ã
ã®çšéã«æå¹ã«é©çšããããšãã§ãããŸããç±³åœ
ç¹èš±3087817å·ãå3185567å·ãå2983606å·ãå
3253915å·ãå3227550å·ãå3227551å·ãå
3227552å·ãå3415644å·ãå3415645å·ãå
3415646å·ãå3594164å·ãå3594165å·ãå
3573043å·ãå3647437å·ãå3928312å·ãå
4135929å·ãå4198235å·ãå4336322å·ããã³è±
åœç¹èš±1496363å·ã«èšèŒãããŠãããããªã«ã©ãŒ
ç»åè»¢åæ³ãã«ã©ãŒæ¡æ£è»¢åæ³çã«ãé©çšã§ã
ãã ïŒå®æœäŸïŒ 以äžã宿œäŸããããŠæ¬çºæãäŸèšŒããããæ¬
çºæã®å®æœã®æ æ§ãããã«ãã€ãŠéå®ããããã®
ã§ã¯ãªãã 宿œäŸ ïŒ ç±³åœç¹èš±3761276å·ã®å®æœäŸïŒã«èšèŒãããä¹³
å€ãšåæ§ã«ããŠèª¿è£œãããå éšæœååã®èåéä¹³
å€ã調補ãããå¥ã«ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯
ããâïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâãαâïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžâtert
âã¢ãã«ããšããã·ïŒããã«ã¢ãããããšããŒã«
40ïœãïŒïŒïŒâãžâtertâãªã¯ãã«ãã€ãããã
ã³1.0ïœã®äž¡è ãé ¢é žãšãã«100ïœããžãªã¯ãã«ã
ã¿ã¬ãŒã30ïœã«æº¶è§£ããããã·ã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ã
ã³é žãããªãŠã ãå«ããŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«å ãä¹³å
忣ããããã®åæ£æ¶²ããããããäžèšå¢æè²çŽ
ïŒçš®ã«ãã€ãŠåå 墿ããåèšä¹³å€ïŒïŒå¡©æ²è
åé0.35ã¢ã«å«æïŒã«å ãã æŽã«ïŒâããããã·âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒïŒïŒïŒ
3aïŒïŒâããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ïŒïœãïŒïŒïŒâãžã
ãããã·âïŒâsecâãªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«
ãã³é žã«ãªãŠã ïŒïœãå ããŠæž©åºŠã40âã«èª¿æŽã
ãŠããæ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒãïŒïŒŠâïŒïŒã
ïŒïŒŠâ29ïŒãã¡ã¿ããŒã«æº¶æ¶²ã«ããŠããããã10
mgïŒã¢ã«Agæ·»å ãã30åéæŸçœ®ãä¹³å€ïŒ¡åã³ïŒ¢
ã調æŽããããŸãæ¯èŒã®ã«ããªå€ãšããŠç¹éæ53
â20318å·ã«èšèŒããã ååç©ãã ãæ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ã«ä»£ããŠ10mgïŒã¢ã«Ag䜿çš
ããã»ãã¯äžã«èšèŒããã®ãšå šãåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§ä¹³
å€ïŒ£åã³ïŒ€ã調補ããã ãã®ä¹³å€ïŒ¡ïŒïŒ¢ïŒïŒ£ããã³ïŒ€ã«å¯ŸããŠååç©
ïŒïŒ§âïŒïŒã®1.0Ã10-3ã¢ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãïŒã10ã30ã
100mlæ·»å ããŠãã硬èå€ãšããŠãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹
ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒãšãŒãã«ããŒã©ãã³ïŒïœåœã
0.02ïœã®å²åã§å ããŠã¬ãžã³ã³ãŒãããçŽæ¯æäœ
äžã«å¡åžééã0.5ïœïŒm2ã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããŠã
çŽæ¥ããžåçæå ææã調補ããã ãããã®åçæå ææã«åæ§é²å ãäžããåŸã
以äžã«ç€ºãåŠçãè¡ãªã€ãã åŠçïŒ çºè²çŸåïŒïŒå30ç§ïŒâ忢ïŒ30ç§ïŒâæŒçœå®ç
ïŒïŒå30ç§ïŒâæ°ŽæŽïŒïŒå30ç§ïŒ åŠç枩床ã¯ååŠçã¹ãããå ±ã«30âã§ããã
ååŠçæ¶²ã®çµæã瀺ããã çºè²çŸåæ¶²ïŒ çé žã«ãªãŠã 25ïœïŒ èåã«ãªãŠã ïŒïœïŒ ãã³ãžã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã« 10ïœïŒ äºç¡«é žã«ãªãŠã 2.5ïœïŒ ïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã« 10mgïŒ ïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ââãšãã«âNâ²â ïŒÎ²âã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ã¢ãããšãã«ïŒ ã¢ããªã³ç¡«é žå¡© 4.5ïœïŒ PHïŒæ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã ã§èª¿è£œïŒ 12.0 åæ¢æ¶²ïŒ é ¢é žãããªãŠã 6.7ïœïŒ é ¢é ž 18.5ïœïŒ äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 4.5ïœïŒ PH 4.1 æŒçœå®çæ¶²ïŒ ããªç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 110ïœ äºç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ ãããªãŠã 10ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žéã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 60ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žïŒã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒïœ ãã¹ããªå°¿çŽ ïŒïœ ã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢æ°ŽPHã4.5ã«èª¿ç¯ããã®ã«å¿ èŠãªé æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ åŸããã詊æã®èµ€è²å ã«å¯Ÿããå åŠæ¿åºŠã枬å®
ãã第ïŒè¡šã®åŠãåçæ§èœãåŸãããŸãããã«ã
ããå¡åžè©Šæããæ¹¿åºŠ40âãçžå¯Ÿæ¹¿åºŠ80ïŒ ã§ïŒæ¥
ä¿åããåŸãåæ§é²å ãäžããåŸãåæ§ã®åŠçã
è¡ãªãã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãåŠãæ§èœãåŸãã
ã衚ã
ããã
ãŸãDmaxã¯ç»åæå€§æ¿åºŠãDãã¯çŽ
å°æ¿åºŠã§ããã
第ïŒè¡šã®çµæãããæ¬çºæã§äœ¿çšãããã«ããª
å€ã¯æ¯èŒååç©ããã«æ¯ã¹ãŠè¯å¥œãªã«ããªå¹æ
ãèŠãããä¿åæ§ãè¯ããããã«æ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«
ããååç©ã䜿çšãããšãè¯å¥œãªã«ããªå¹æãåŸ
ãããé«ãç»åæ¿åºŠãåŸãªãããã¬ã³ãäœäžãå°
ãªããŠããããçŽ å°æ¿åºŠæå¶å¹æãæããŠããã
ãšãå€ã€ãããŸã髿ž©é«æ¹¿äžã§ä¿åããå Žåã§ã
極ããŠå®å®ã§ãããæ¯èŒååç©ããã䜿çšãã
å Žåã¯ïŒæ¯èŒè©ŠæïŒ€ïŒããã«æ¯ã¹ãŠç»åæå€§æ¿åºŠ
ãäœãã°ããã§ãªããæ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©
ã䜿çšããŠãç»åæ¿åºŠã®å¢å ãèŠãããªããšãšã
ã«ã髿ž©é«æ¹¿äžã§ä¿åããããšè»èª¿åãèããã 宿œäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã§èª¿è£œããä¹³å€ã«å¯ŸããŠãååç©ïŒïŒ§
âïŒïŒãïŒïŒ§â12ïŒåã³ïŒïŒ§â13ïŒã®å1.0Ã10-3
ã¢ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãããããïŒmlã10mlã30mlæ·»å ã
ããæ¯èŒè©ŠæãšããŠ
ãŸãDmaxã¯ç»åæå€§æ¿åºŠãDãã¯çŽ
å°æ¿åºŠã§ããã
第ïŒè¡šã®çµæãããæ¬çºæã§äœ¿çšãããã«ããª
å€ã¯æ¯èŒååç©ããã«æ¯ã¹ãŠè¯å¥œãªã«ããªå¹æ
ãèŠãããä¿åæ§ãè¯ããããã«æ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«
ããååç©ã䜿çšãããšãè¯å¥œãªã«ããªå¹æãåŸ
ãããé«ãç»åæ¿åºŠãåŸãªãããã¬ã³ãäœäžãå°
ãªããŠããããçŽ å°æ¿åºŠæå¶å¹æãæããŠããã
ãšãå€ã€ãããŸã髿ž©é«æ¹¿äžã§ä¿åããå Žåã§ã
極ããŠå®å®ã§ãããæ¯èŒååç©ããã䜿çšãã
å Žåã¯ïŒæ¯èŒè©ŠæïŒ€ïŒããã«æ¯ã¹ãŠç»åæå€§æ¿åºŠ
ãäœãã°ããã§ãªããæ¬çºæã®ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©
ã䜿çšããŠãç»åæ¿åºŠã®å¢å ãèŠãããªããšãšã
ã«ã髿ž©é«æ¹¿äžã§ä¿åããããšè»èª¿åãèããã 宿œäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã§èª¿è£œããä¹³å€ã«å¯ŸããŠãååç©ïŒïŒ§
âïŒïŒãïŒïŒ§â12ïŒåã³ïŒïŒ§â13ïŒã®å1.0Ã10-3
ã¢ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãããããïŒmlã10mlã30mlæ·»å ã
ããæ¯èŒè©ŠæãšããŠ
ãåŒã
ïŒååç©âïŒããã³
ãåŒãïŒå
åç©âïŒã®1.0Ã10-3ã¢ã«ã¡ã¿ããŒã«æº¶æ¶²ãäž
èšæ·»å éãšåéã«ãªãããã«æ·»å ãããæ·»å åŸã
ãããä¹³å€ã宿œäŸïŒã«èšèŒãããšå šãåæ§ã«ç¡¬
èå€ãå ããŠããã¬ãžã³ã³ãŒãããçŽæ¯æäœã«å¡
åžAgéã0.5ïœïŒm2ã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããŠçŽæ¥ã
ãžåçæå ææã調補ããããããã®åçæå æ
æã«åæ§é²å ãäžããåŸã宿œäŸïŒã«ç€ºããã®ãš
åæ§ã®åŠçãæœãããåŸããã詊æã®èµ€è²å ã«å¯Ÿ
ããå åŠæ¿åºŠã枬å®ãã第ïŒè¡šã®åŠãåçæ§èœã
åŸãã
èšæ·»å éãšåéã«ãªãããã«æ·»å ãããæ·»å åŸã
ãããä¹³å€ã宿œäŸïŒã«èšèŒãããšå šãåæ§ã«ç¡¬
èå€ãå ããŠããã¬ãžã³ã³ãŒãããçŽæ¯æäœã«å¡
åžAgéã0.5ïœïŒm2ã«ãªãããã«å¡åžããŠçŽæ¥ã
ãžåçæå ææã調補ããããããã®åçæå æ
æã«åæ§é²å ãäžããåŸã宿œäŸïŒã«ç€ºããã®ãš
åæ§ã®åŠçãæœãããåŸããã詊æã®èµ€è²å ã«å¯Ÿ
ããå åŠæ¿åºŠã枬å®ãã第ïŒè¡šã®åŠãåçæ§èœã
åŸãã
ã衚ã
ã衚ã
第ïŒè¡šã®çµæãããæ¬çºæã«äœ¿çšããã¡ã«ã«ã
ãååç©ã¯ãæ¯èŒååç©ããããããšæ¯ã¹ã
æãã«ããªãæå¶ããªããæé«æ¿åºŠãé«ããã€Î³
äœäžãåŒãèµ·ãããªãããšãå€ã€ãã ãã®ããšã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ã«æ¯ã¹ã
è¯å¥œãªããžåããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãèšèšã
ãäžã§ãããããŠæå©ã§ããããšã瀺ããã®ã§ã
ãã 宿œäŸ ïŒ ãŸããããªãšãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒããããªãäž
éæãªãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœäžã«ãäžèšã®å±€ãé æ¬¡å¡åž
ããŠæå ã·ãŒãããäœæããã (1) ããŒã³ã¿è²æå±€ äžèšæ§é åŒã§è¡šããããããŒã³ã¿ç»åäŸäžç©
質ïŒ0.8ïœïŒm2ïŒããžãšãã«ã©ãŠã©ããïŒ0.4
ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ1.5ïœïŒm2ïŒãæã
ãããŒã³ã¿è²æå±€ã (2) ç·ææ§å éšæœååçŽæ¥ããžèåéä¹³å€å±€ ç±³åœç¹èš±2592250å·ã®å®æœäŸïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³
ã«åŸãã€ãŠã³ã³ããŒãžãšã³æ³ã«ãã調補ããã
ç·è²å¢æãããå¡©æ²èåéå éšæœååä¹³å€ïŒé
ã«æç®ããŠ1.0ïœïŒm2ïŒãïŒâsecâãªã¯ã¿ãã·
ã«ãã€ããããã³âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žã«ãªãŠã
ïŒ0.1ïœïŒm2ïŒããŒã©ãã³ïŒ1.65ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³
第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããæ·»å éã®æ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ãšã¡
ã«ã«ããååç©ã嫿ããå±€ã (3) ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ0.8ïœïŒm2ïŒãã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãã®ã
ãŒãºïŒïŒã4ÎŒïœ0.15ïœïŒm2ïŒãç²åŸ0.2ÎŒïœã®ã·
ãªã«ïŒ0.45ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³ãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ã
ãã«ã¡ãã«ãšãŒãã«ïŒ0.2ïœïŒm2ïŒãããªãä¿
è·å±€ã ããã«äžèšã®å±€(2)ã®ã«ããªå€ãšã¡ã«ã«ããåå
ç©ã®çµåãã®ä»£ããã«ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããã«ããªå€ãš
ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ãçšãã以å€ã¯å šãåãæ¯èŒçš
æå ã·ãŒã詊æïŒŠãäœæããã æ¬¡ãã§ãäžèšã®å±€ãé æ¬¡äžéæãªçŽæ¯æäœäžã«
å¡åžããããšã«ããè²çŽ ç»åååã·ãŒããäœæã
ãã 第ïŒå±€ ã¹ãã¬ã³ãšïŒ®ïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ãã«ââãã³ãžã«â
âïœâïŒã¡ã¿ã¯ãã€ã«ã¢ããããšãã«ïŒã¡ãã«
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã¯ããªããšãžããã«ãã³ãŒã³ã®ïŒå
å ±éåäœïŒã¢ã«æ¯ã§48ïŒ48ïŒïŒïŒïŒ2.7ïœïŒm2ïŒãŒ
ã©ãã³ïŒ2.7ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³ïŒâããããã·ã¡ã
ã«âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªãž
ãã³ïŒ0.33ïœïŒm2ïŒããæãååå±€ã 第ïŒå±€ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ1.2ïœïŒm2ïŒã玫å€ç·åžåå€ïŒïŒâ
ïŒïŒâããããã·âïŒâtertâããã«âïŒâïœâ
ããã«ããšãã«ïŒãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ãïŒâïŒïŒ
âããããã·âïŒâtertâããã«âïŒâã¡ãã«ã
ãšãã«ïŒâïŒâã¯ããâãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ãïŒ
âïŒïŒâããããã·âïŒïŒïŒâãžããã«ããšãã«ïŒ
ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ããã³ïŒâïŒïŒâããããã·
âïŒâïœâããã«ããšãã«ïŒãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«
ããæãæ··åç©ïŒ0.8ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³ã°ãªãªãã¶
ãŒã«ïŒ0.06ïœïŒm2ïŒã®äžéå±€ã 第ïŒå±€ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ0.65ïœïŒm2ïŒã®ä¿è·å±€ã 第ïŒå±€ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ0.27ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³ã·ãªã«ïŒ14ïœïŒ
m2ïŒããæããªãŒããŒã³ãŒãå±€ã äžèšã®æå ã·ãŒããã«åæ§é²å ãäžãã
åŸãäžèšçµæã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒæº¶æ¶²äžã§20ç§é浞
挬ããæ¬¡ã«äžå¯Ÿã®å å§ããŒã©éãéããŠäžèšã®å
åã·ãŒãã«éãåããããåŠçã¯18âã24âã33
âã§è¡ãªã€ãã ã¢ã¯ãã¢ããŒã¿æº¶æ¶²ã®çµæ æ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã 56.2ïœ ïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã« 7.2ïœ 11âã¢ãããŠã³ãã«ã³é ž 2.0ïœ èåã«ãªãŠã 2.0ïœ æ°Žã§ 1000c.c.ã«ä»äžãã ïŒååŸãæå ã·ãŒããšååã·ãŒããšãå¥é¢ã
ããååã·ãŒãäžã«åŸãããããŒã³ã¿è²çŽ è»¢åå
ã®ç»åæå€§æ¿åºŠãçŽ å°æ¿åºŠã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããã
ãååç©ã¯ãæ¯èŒååç©ããããããšæ¯ã¹ã
æãã«ããªãæå¶ããªããæé«æ¿åºŠãé«ããã€Î³
äœäžãåŒãèµ·ãããªãããšãå€ã€ãã ãã®ããšã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ã«æ¯ã¹ã
è¯å¥œãªããžåããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãèšèšã
ãäžã§ãããããŠæå©ã§ããããšã瀺ããã®ã§ã
ãã 宿œäŸ ïŒ ãŸããããªãšãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒããããªãäž
éæãªãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœäžã«ãäžèšã®å±€ãé æ¬¡å¡åž
ããŠæå ã·ãŒãããäœæããã (1) ããŒã³ã¿è²æå±€ äžèšæ§é åŒã§è¡šããããããŒã³ã¿ç»åäŸäžç©
質ïŒ0.8ïœïŒm2ïŒããžãšãã«ã©ãŠã©ããïŒ0.4
ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ1.5ïœïŒm2ïŒãæã
ãããŒã³ã¿è²æå±€ã (2) ç·ææ§å éšæœååçŽæ¥ããžèåéä¹³å€å±€ ç±³åœç¹èš±2592250å·ã®å®æœäŸïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³
ã«åŸãã€ãŠã³ã³ããŒãžãšã³æ³ã«ãã調補ããã
ç·è²å¢æãããå¡©æ²èåéå éšæœååä¹³å€ïŒé
ã«æç®ããŠ1.0ïœïŒm2ïŒãïŒâsecâãªã¯ã¿ãã·
ã«ãã€ããããã³âïŒâã¹ã«ãã³é žã«ãªãŠã
ïŒ0.1ïœïŒm2ïŒããŒã©ãã³ïŒ1.65ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³
第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããæ·»å éã®æ¬çºæã®ã«ããªå€ãšã¡
ã«ã«ããååç©ã嫿ããå±€ã (3) ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ0.8ïœïŒm2ïŒãã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãã®ã
ãŒãºïŒïŒã4ÎŒïœ0.15ïœïŒm2ïŒãç²åŸ0.2ÎŒïœã®ã·
ãªã«ïŒ0.45ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³ãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ã
ãã«ã¡ãã«ãšãŒãã«ïŒ0.2ïœïŒm2ïŒãããªãä¿
è·å±€ã ããã«äžèšã®å±€(2)ã®ã«ããªå€ãšã¡ã«ã«ããåå
ç©ã®çµåãã®ä»£ããã«ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããã«ããªå€ãš
ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ãçšãã以å€ã¯å šãåãæ¯èŒçš
æå ã·ãŒã詊æïŒŠãäœæããã æ¬¡ãã§ãäžèšã®å±€ãé æ¬¡äžéæãªçŽæ¯æäœäžã«
å¡åžããããšã«ããè²çŽ ç»åååã·ãŒããäœæã
ãã 第ïŒå±€ ã¹ãã¬ã³ãšïŒ®ïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ãã«ââãã³ãžã«â
âïœâïŒã¡ã¿ã¯ãã€ã«ã¢ããããšãã«ïŒã¡ãã«
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã¯ããªããšãžããã«ãã³ãŒã³ã®ïŒå
å ±éåäœïŒã¢ã«æ¯ã§48ïŒ48ïŒïŒïŒïŒ2.7ïœïŒm2ïŒãŒ
ã©ãã³ïŒ2.7ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³ïŒâããããã·ã¡ã
ã«âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªãž
ãã³ïŒ0.33ïœïŒm2ïŒããæãååå±€ã 第ïŒå±€ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ1.2ïœïŒm2ïŒã玫å€ç·åžåå€ïŒïŒâ
ïŒïŒâããããã·âïŒâtertâããã«âïŒâïœâ
ããã«ããšãã«ïŒãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ãïŒâïŒïŒ
âããããã·âïŒâtertâããã«âïŒâã¡ãã«ã
ãšãã«ïŒâïŒâã¯ããâãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ãïŒ
âïŒïŒâããããã·âïŒïŒïŒâãžããã«ããšãã«ïŒ
ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ããã³ïŒâïŒïŒâããããã·
âïŒâïœâããã«ããšãã«ïŒãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«
ããæãæ··åç©ïŒ0.8ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³ã°ãªãªãã¶
ãŒã«ïŒ0.06ïœïŒm2ïŒã®äžéå±€ã 第ïŒå±€ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ0.65ïœïŒm2ïŒã®ä¿è·å±€ã 第ïŒå±€ ãŒã©ãã³ïŒ0.27ïœïŒm2ïŒããã³ã·ãªã«ïŒ14ïœïŒ
m2ïŒããæããªãŒããŒã³ãŒãå±€ã äžèšã®æå ã·ãŒããã«åæ§é²å ãäžãã
åŸãäžèšçµæã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒæº¶æ¶²äžã§20ç§é浞
挬ããæ¬¡ã«äžå¯Ÿã®å å§ããŒã©éãéããŠäžèšã®å
åã·ãŒãã«éãåããããåŠçã¯18âã24âã33
âã§è¡ãªã€ãã ã¢ã¯ãã¢ããŒã¿æº¶æ¶²ã®çµæ æ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã 56.2ïœ ïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã« 7.2ïœ 11âã¢ãããŠã³ãã«ã³é ž 2.0ïœ èåã«ãªãŠã 2.0ïœ æ°Žã§ 1000c.c.ã«ä»äžãã ïŒååŸãæå ã·ãŒããšååã·ãŒããšãå¥é¢ã
ããååã·ãŒãäžã«åŸãããããŒã³ã¿è²çŽ è»¢åå
ã®ç»åæå€§æ¿åºŠãçŽ å°æ¿åºŠã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããã
ã衚ã
第ïŒè¡šã®çµæã¯æ¬çºæã«ãããŠäœ¿çšããã«ããª
å€ãšã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ã¯ãæ¡æ£è»¢åæ³ã®æå èŠçŽ
ã«ãããŠãæºè¶³ãã¹ãã«ããªå¹æãåŸãããããš
ã瀺ããŠããããŸãã«ããªå€ãšããŠååç©ãã
ãçšããå Žåãã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ãšããŠååç©
ãããçšããå Žåã«æ¯èŒããŠåŠç枩床ã«ããæ¿
床ïŒDmaxïŒå€åãããã«å°ãªãã€ãã 宿œäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«çšããä¹³å€ïŒ¡ã«ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«æ²ãããã¶
ãå€åã³ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ãå ãã宿œäŸïŒãšå
æ§ã«è©Šæã調ãåæ§ã®è©äŸ¡ãè¡ã€ãã
å€ãšã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ã¯ãæ¡æ£è»¢åæ³ã®æå èŠçŽ
ã«ãããŠãæºè¶³ãã¹ãã«ããªå¹æãåŸãããããš
ã瀺ããŠããããŸãã«ããªå€ãšããŠååç©ãã
ãçšããå Žåãã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ãšããŠååç©
ãããçšããå Žåã«æ¯èŒããŠåŠç枩床ã«ããæ¿
床ïŒDmaxïŒå€åãããã«å°ãªãã€ãã 宿œäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒã«çšããä¹³å€ïŒ¡ã«ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«æ²ãããã¶
ãå€åã³ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ãå ãã宿œäŸïŒãšå
æ§ã«è©Šæã調ãåæ§ã®è©äŸ¡ãè¡ã€ãã
ã衚ã
ã衚ã
衚ããæãããªããã«è¡šã«æ²ãããã¶ãå€ãã¡
ã«ã«ããååç©ã®çµåãã«ãããŠãè¯å¥œãªç¹æ§ã
äžããããšãã§ããã
ã«ã«ããååç©ã®çµåãã«ãããŠãè¯å¥œãªç¹æ§ã
äžããããšãã§ããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ å éšæœååããã²ã³åéç²åãšèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€
ãã嫿ããä¹³å€å±€ãå°ããšãäžå±€æããŠãªãã
ãžåç»å圢æçšããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã«æŒãŠãäž
èšäžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããååç©ãšäžèšäžè¬åŒ
ããã§ç€ºãããååç©ã䜵çšããããšãç¹åŸŽãš
ããããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ ã äžè¬åŒãã ãåŒäžãïŒ²ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«
ãã«åºãããã²ã³çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«ãªã
ã·ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãé眮æ
ã®ããšãã«åºãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ãããã²ã³ãããã¯
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã§çœ®æãããããšãã«åºã衚ããã
R1ããã³R2ã¯åäžã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠããŠããããã
ããæ°ŽçŽ ååãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºã
ã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã衚ããã
ã¯é眮æã®ããšãã¬ã³åºã衚ãããX1ã¯ç¡«é»
ååã衚ãããY1ã¯ç¡«é»åååã¯é žçŽ ååã§ã
ãã äžè¬åŒãã ãåŒäžãX2ã¯ââãŸãã¯NR5ã衚ããã
ã¯ïŒãïŒå¡ã®è€çŽ ç°ïŒäžé£œåç°ãçž®åããŠããã
ã®ãå«ãïŒã圢æããã«å¿ èŠãªééå±åå矀ã衚
ãããR3ãR4ããã³R5ã¯ããããæ°ŽçŽ ååãã¡
ã«ã«ããåºãããããã·ã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã«åºã
ã¹ã«ãåºãŸãã¯ãããã眮æãããã¯é眮æã®ã¢
ã«ãã«åºãã¢ããåºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã衚ããããŸã
R3ãR4ããã³R5ã®å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã¯ããããã·
ã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã«åºãã¹ã«ãåºãã¢ããåºã®äž
ã®å°ãªããšãïŒã€ããéžã°ãããã
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2773384A JPS60170843A (ja) | 1984-02-15 | 1984-02-15 | ããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2773384A JPS60170843A (ja) | 1984-02-15 | 1984-02-15 | ããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60170843A JPS60170843A (ja) | 1985-09-04 |
| JPH0546935B2 true JPH0546935B2 (ja) | 1993-07-15 |
Family
ID=12229222
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2773384A Granted JPS60170843A (ja) | 1984-02-15 | 1984-02-15 | ããã²ã³åéåçèŠçŽ |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60170843A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2742708B2 (ja) * | 1989-06-08 | 1998-04-22 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | çŽæ¥ããžåããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ãã®åŠçæ¹æ³ |
| JP2903167B2 (ja) * | 1990-03-09 | 1999-06-07 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
-
1984
- 1984-02-15 JP JP2773384A patent/JPS60170843A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60170843A (ja) | 1985-09-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4478928A (en) | Application of activated arylhydrazides to silver halide photography | |
| JP2724590B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH07113744B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JP2515156B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0511301B2 (ja) | ||
| JP2899625B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JP2903167B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0786666B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0693082B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0546935B2 (ja) | ||
| US4268617A (en) | Color photographic light-sensitive material | |
| JPS63234245A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPS5828570B2 (ja) | çŽæ¥ããžç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0475491B2 (ja) | ||
| JP2654684B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0743515B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0816771B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0738071B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0475490B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH02220042A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JP2835343B2 (ja) | çŽæ¥ããžç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³åã³çŽæ¥ããžããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH02221953A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPS5814666B2 (ja) | çŽæ¥ããžããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0786665B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0473770B2 (ja) |