JPH05508741A - 耐湿性保護キャップ層を有するsog - Google Patents
耐湿性保護キャップ層を有するsogInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05508741A JPH05508741A JP91509687A JP50968791A JPH05508741A JP H05508741 A JPH05508741 A JP H05508741A JP 91509687 A JP91509687 A JP 91509687A JP 50968791 A JP50968791 A JP 50968791A JP H05508741 A JPH05508741 A JP H05508741A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- sog
- glass
- dielectric
- wiring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
- H10P14/66—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the type of materials
- H10P14/665—Porous materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
- H10P14/63—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the formation processes
- H10P14/6326—Deposition processes
- H10P14/6342—Liquid deposition, e.g. spin-coating, sol-gel techniques or spray coating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
- H10P14/65—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by treatments performed before or after the formation of the materials
- H10P14/6516—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by treatments performed before or after the formation of the materials of treatments performed after formation of the materials
- H10P14/6529—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by treatments performed before or after the formation of the materials of treatments performed after formation of the materials by exposure to a gas or vapour
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
- H10P14/65—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by treatments performed before or after the formation of the materials
- H10P14/6516—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by treatments performed before or after the formation of the materials of treatments performed after formation of the materials
- H10P14/6548—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by treatments performed before or after the formation of the materials of treatments performed after formation of the materials by forming intermediate materials, e.g. capping layers or diffusion barriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P95/00—Generic processes or apparatus for manufacture or treatments not covered by the other groups of this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P95/00—Generic processes or apparatus for manufacture or treatments not covered by the other groups of this subclass
- H10P95/06—Planarisation of inorganic insulating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P95/00—Generic processes or apparatus for manufacture or treatments not covered by the other groups of this subclass
- H10P95/08—Planarisation of organic insulating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W20/00—Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
- H10W20/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10W20/071—Manufacture or treatment of dielectric parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W74/00—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings
- H10W74/10—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition
- H10W74/131—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition the semiconductor body being only partially enclosed
- H10W74/137—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition the semiconductor body being only partially enclosed the encapsulations being directly on the semiconductor body
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W74/00—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings
- H10W74/40—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their materials
- H10W74/43—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their materials comprising oxides, nitrides or carbides, e.g. ceramics or glasses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
- H10P14/69—Inorganic materials
- H10P14/692—Inorganic materials composed of oxides, glassy oxides or oxide-based glasses
- H10P14/6921—Inorganic materials composed of oxides, glassy oxides or oxide-based glasses containing silicon
- H10P14/6922—Inorganic materials composed of oxides, glassy oxides or oxide-based glasses containing silicon the material containing Si, O and at least one of H, N, C, F or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
- H10P14/69—Inorganic materials
- H10P14/692—Inorganic materials composed of oxides, glassy oxides or oxide-based glasses
- H10P14/6921—Inorganic materials composed of oxides, glassy oxides or oxide-based glasses containing silicon
- H10P14/6922—Inorganic materials composed of oxides, glassy oxides or oxide-based glasses containing silicon the material containing Si, O and at least one of H, N, C, F or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
- H10P14/6923—Inorganic materials composed of oxides, glassy oxides or oxide-based glasses containing silicon the material containing Si, O and at least one of H, N, C, F or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC the material being boron or phosphorus doped silicon oxides, e.g. BPSG, BSG or PSG
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S438/00—Semiconductor device manufacturing: process
- Y10S438/902—Capping layer
Landscapes
- Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (21)
- 1.アルミニウムのような低融点、非耐火性物質上に塗布ガラス(SOG)を適 用する方法において、適用された塗布ガラス層は、水及び反応副生物の分離及び ガス放出に供され、前記層は、次いで湿分を含まない環境下で、湿分の拡散に対 する耐性を有する保護誘電体層によりキャップされる方法。
- 2.SOGは無機SOGである請求項1に記載の方法。 2.SOGは無機SOGである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 3.SOGは燐−合金化SOGである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 4.前記誘電体キャップ層は、硼珪酸ガラス:SiwOxByHz、ヒ珪酸ガラ ス:SiwOxAsyHz、鉛珪酸ガラス:SiwOxPbyHz、窒化硅素: SixNyHz、酸窒化硅素:SiwNxOyHz、弗素化窒化硅素:SiwN xFyHz、及び弗素化酸窒化硅素:SivNwOxFyHzからなる群から選 択されたものである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 5.前記誘電体キャップ層は、APCVD:常圧化学的蒸着、LPCVD:低圧 化学的蒸着、PECVD:プラズマエンハンスト化学的蒸着(バイアスの印加又 は無い場合)、LACVD:レーザアシスト化学的蒸着、BS:スパッタリング 又はバイアススパッタリング、ECR:エレクトロンサイクロトロン共鳴(イア スの印加又は無い場合)、及びSPIN−ON:ポリイミドのような塗布材料か らなる群から選択された方法により適用される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 6.ウエハ上に配線材料の第1の層を堆積する工程、前記第1の層をエッチング して、所望の配線トラックパターンを残す工程、エッチングされた配線トラック 上に誘電体の第1の層を堆積する工程、誘電体の第1の層上に1層又はそれ以上 の塗布ガラス層を適用して、前記第1の誘電体層を平坦化する工程、水及び反応 副生物の分離及びガス放出を行う工程、耐湿分拡散性の保護キャップ誘電体層を 堆積する工程、コンタクトホールを通して水が取り込まれることを防止するため ウエハを湿分のない環境に維持しつつ、堆積された層を通して第1の配線層に達 するようにコンタクトホールを開口する工程、配線材料の第2の層を適用する工 程、及び配線材料の第2の層を所望のパターンにエッチングする工程を具備する 、半導体ウエハに配線トラックを適用する方法。
- 7.SOGは無機SOGである請求項6に記載の方法。
- 8.SOGは燐−合金化SOGである請求項6に記載の方法。
- 9.前記誘電体キャップ層は、硼珪酸ガラス:SiwOxByHz、ヒ珪酸ガラ ス:SiwOxAsyHz、鉛珪酸ガラス:SiwOxPbyHz、窒化硅素: SixNyHz、酸窒化硅素:SiwNxOyHz、弗素化窒化硅素:SiwN xFyHz、及び弗素化酸窒化硅素:SivNwOxFyHzからなる群から選 択されたものである請求項6に記載の方法。
- 10.前記誘電体キャップ層は、APCVD:常圧化学的蒸着、LPCVD:低 圧化学的蒸着、PECVD:プラズマエンハンスト化学的蒸着(バイアスの印加 又は無い場合)、LACVD:レーザアシスト化学的蒸着、BS:スパッタリン グ又はバイアススパッタリング、ECR:エレクトロンサイクロトロン共鳴(イ アスの印加又は無い場合)、及びSPIN−ON:ポリイミドのような塗布材料 からなる群から選択された方法により適用される請求項8に記載の方法。
- 11.前記配線トラックはアルミニウムからなる請求項6に記載の方法。
- 12.SOG層の適用後、ウエハを大気圧フォーミングガスに供される請求項6 に記載の方法。
- 13.前記大気圧フォーミングガスは、窒素と約10%の水素との混合物である 請求項12に記載の方法。
- 14.前記コンタクトホールの開口後、前記第2の配線材料層の適用前に、第2 のガス放出が行われる請求項6に記載の方法。
- 15.ゲッタリングは前記第2の配線材料層のエッチングの後にウエハについて 行われる請求項6に記載の方法。
- 16.ガス放出はバッチ式誘電体堆積系においてその場で行われる請求項6に記 載の方法。
- 17.ガス放出は、現場単一ウエハ又はバッチ式堆積系に付設されたバッチ式ガ ス放出ステーションにおいて行われる請求項6に記載の方法。
- 18.SOGは疑似無機SOGである請求項1又は6に記載の方法。
- 19.第1の配線材料層、この第1の配線材料層上の第1の誘電体層、この第1 の誘電体層を平坦化する第1の誘電体層上の1層又はそれ以上の塗布ガラス層、 この塗布ガラス層上の耐湿分拡散性保護層誘電体キャップ層、前記コンタクトホ ールを通して第1の配線層に到達する第2の配線材料層とを具備し、前記第1及 び第2の配線層は前記ウエハ上の配線トラックを定義する、半導体チップ。
- 20.前記塗布ガラスは無機塗布ガラスである請求項19に記載の半導体チップ 。
- 21.前記誘電体キャップ層は、硼珪酸ガラス:SiwOxByHz、ヒ珪酸ガ ラス:SiwOxAsyHz、鉛珪酸ガラス:SiwOxPbyHz、窒化硅素 :SixNyHz、酸窒化硅素:SiwNxOyHz、弗素化窒化硅素:Siw NxFyHz、及び弗素化酸窒化硅素:SivNwOxFyHzからなる群から 選択されたものである請求項19に記載の半導体チップ。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2,017,720 | 1990-05-29 | ||
| CA002017720A CA2017720C (en) | 1990-05-29 | 1990-05-29 | Sog with moisture-resistant protective capping layer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05508741A true JPH05508741A (ja) | 1993-12-02 |
| JP3249513B2 JP3249513B2 (ja) | 2002-01-21 |
Family
ID=4145086
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP50968791A Expired - Lifetime JP3249513B2 (ja) | 1990-05-29 | 1991-05-28 | 耐湿性保護キャップ層を有するsog |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5364818A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0532543B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3249513B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100200167B1 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2017720C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69107847T2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1991019317A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2017719C (en) * | 1990-05-29 | 1999-01-19 | Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. | Moisture-free sog process |
| US5376590A (en) * | 1992-01-20 | 1994-12-27 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Semiconductor device and method of fabricating the same |
| US5576247A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1996-11-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Thin layer forming method wherein hydrophobic molecular layers preventing a BPSG layer from absorbing moisture |
| DE69331362T2 (de) * | 1992-08-21 | 2002-06-20 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Planarisierungsverfahren |
| JP3158749B2 (ja) * | 1992-12-16 | 2001-04-23 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
| JPH07169833A (ja) * | 1993-12-14 | 1995-07-04 | Nec Corp | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
| JPH07211605A (ja) * | 1994-01-14 | 1995-08-11 | Hitachi Ltd | 処理装置および処理方法 |
| US6591634B1 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 2003-07-15 | Toshinori Morizane | Method for production of metal oxide glass film at a low temperature |
| EP0678913A1 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1995-10-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Multilevel metallization forming method |
| US5461003A (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-10-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multilevel interconnect structure with air gaps formed between metal leads |
| US5472913A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1995-12-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method of fabricating porous dielectric material with a passivation layer for electronics applications |
| US5554567A (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-09-10 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. | Method for improving adhesion to a spin-on-glass |
| US5413940A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1995-05-09 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company | Process of treating SOG layer using end-point detector for outgassing |
| US6652922B1 (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 2003-11-25 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Electron-beam processed films for microelectronics structures |
| KR100208442B1 (ko) * | 1995-06-24 | 1999-07-15 | 김영환 | 반도체 소자의 비아홀 형성방법 |
| US5861673A (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 1999-01-19 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company | Method for forming vias in multi-level integrated circuits, for use with multi-level metallizations |
| US5849640A (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 1998-12-15 | Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation | In-situ SOG etchback and deposition for IMD process |
| US6114186A (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 2000-09-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Hydrogen silsesquioxane thin films for low capacitance structures in integrated circuits |
| US5854503A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1998-12-29 | Integrated Device Technology, Inc. | Maximization of low dielectric constant material between interconnect traces of a semiconductor circuit |
| US5691247A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1997-11-25 | Tower Semiconductor Ltd. | Method for depositing a flow fill layer on an integrated circuit wafer |
| GB2322734A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 1998-09-02 | Nec Corp | Semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same |
| JPH1140558A (ja) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-02-12 | Sony Corp | 誘電体膜の製造方法 |
| EP0948035A1 (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 1999-10-06 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method for applying a dielectric cap film to a dielectric stack |
| JP3189781B2 (ja) * | 1998-04-08 | 2001-07-16 | 日本電気株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| JP3329290B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-27 | 2002-09-30 | 日本電気株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| US6369453B1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2002-04-09 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Semiconductor wafer for measurement and recordation of impurities in semiconductor insulators |
| US6500770B1 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2002-12-31 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd | Method for forming a multi-layer protective coating over porous low-k material |
| US6896821B2 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2005-05-24 | Dalsa Semiconductor Inc. | Fabrication of MEMS devices with spin-on glass |
| US7744802B2 (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2010-06-29 | Intel Corporation | Dielectric film with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) using liquid crystalline resin |
| KR101432606B1 (ko) | 2011-07-15 | 2014-08-21 | 제일모직주식회사 | 갭필용 충전제, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 사용한 반도체 캐패시터의 제조 방법 |
| FI130166B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2023-03-23 | Picosun Oy | ANTI-SOLDER COATING |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61180458A (ja) * | 1985-02-05 | 1986-08-13 | Nec Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| JPH06101467B2 (ja) * | 1986-12-18 | 1994-12-12 | 松下電子工業株式会社 | 半導体集積回路装置 |
| JPS6464340A (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-10 | Hitachi Ltd | Semiconductor device and its manufacture |
| JPH02152258A (ja) * | 1988-12-05 | 1990-06-12 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Lsi用中間酸化膜の製造方法 |
| CA2006174A1 (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1991-06-20 | Luc Ouellet | Method of making crack-free insulating films with sog interlayer |
| JPH04199625A (ja) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-07-20 | Seiko Epson Corp | 半導体装置 |
| US5252515A (en) * | 1991-08-12 | 1993-10-12 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company | Method for field inversion free multiple layer metallurgy VLSI processing |
-
1990
- 1990-05-29 CA CA002017720A patent/CA2017720C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-05-28 JP JP50968791A patent/JP3249513B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-28 WO PCT/CA1991/000177 patent/WO1991019317A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-05-28 DE DE69107847T patent/DE69107847T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-28 EP EP91909904A patent/EP0532543B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-28 US US07/962,214 patent/US5364818A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-11-30 KR KR1019920703066A patent/KR100200167B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2017720C (en) | 1999-01-19 |
| JP3249513B2 (ja) | 2002-01-21 |
| WO1991019317A1 (en) | 1991-12-12 |
| EP0532543B1 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
| CA2017720A1 (en) | 1991-11-29 |
| DE69107847T2 (de) | 1995-10-26 |
| EP0532543A1 (en) | 1993-03-24 |
| DE69107847D1 (de) | 1995-04-06 |
| KR100200167B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
| US5364818A (en) | 1994-11-15 |
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