JPH09505089A - エポキシ基を含有するシランに基づく組成物の製造方法 - Google Patents
エポキシ基を含有するシランに基づく組成物の製造方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH09505089A JPH09505089A JP7513549A JP51354995A JPH09505089A JP H09505089 A JPH09505089 A JP H09505089A JP 7513549 A JP7513549 A JP 7513549A JP 51354995 A JP51354995 A JP 51354995A JP H09505089 A JPH09505089 A JP H09505089A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- coating
- composition
- hydrolyzable
- added
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 title description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- -1 aromatic polyol Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 39
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 12
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- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011417 postcuring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- FSJWWSXPIWGYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;silver;sulfanide Chemical compound [SH-].[Ag].[Ag+] FSJWWSXPIWGYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007592 spray painting technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) ethoxide Substances [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
- C09D183/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/008—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character comprising a mixture of materials covered by two or more of the groups C03C17/02, C03C17/06, C03C17/22 and C03C17/28
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/008—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character comprising a mixture of materials covered by two or more of the groups C03C17/02, C03C17/06, C03C17/22 and C03C17/28
- C03C17/009—Mixtures of organic and inorganic materials, e.g. ormosils and ormocers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.エポキシ基を有する加水分解型シランに基づく組成物の製造方法であって、 i)Si、Al及びBならびに遷移金属(好ましくはTi及びZr)の酸化 物、オキソハイドレート、窒化物及び炭化物の群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの 粒子材料Bであって、その粒径が1〜100nmであるもの;及び/又は ii)好ましくは非イオン性の界面活性剤C;及び/又は iii)平均分子量が1000を超えないポリオールDを、Siに直接結合して いて、加水分解で除去されず且つエポキシ環を含む遊離基の少なくとも1つを有 する予備加水分解されたケイ素化合物Aの少なくとも1つに添加し、上記粒子材 料Bの存在下で上記ケイ素化合物Aの加水分解も行うことを特徴とする方法。 2.上記粒子材料Bと、加水分解された又は加水分解されるべき上記ケイ素化合 物との組合せを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の高い耐引掻性を有するコ ーティング用及び成形体用組成物の製造方法。 3.少なくとも1つの非イオン性界面活性剤Cを予備加 水分解されたケイ素化合物Aに添加することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の長期 親水性コーティング用及び成形体用組成物の製造方法。 4.少なくとも1つの芳香族ポリオールDを予備加水分解されたケイ素化合物A に添加することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の防食性コーティング用組成物の製 造方法。 5.エポキシド−エポキシド及びポリオール−エポキシド架橋のための触媒とし てそれぞれルイス塩基又はTi、Zr若しくはAlのアルコラートをさらに用い ることを特徴とする、請求項3又は4に記載の製造方法。 6.請求項1の上記粒子材料B及び/又は上記芳香族ポリオールDをさらに加え ることを特徴とする、請求項3又は5に記載の製造方法。 7.Siから少なくとも2原子離れた炭素原子に結合した5〜30個のフッ素原 子を含む非加水分解性基の少なくとも1つを有する加水分解型ケイ素化合物Gの 1以上をさらに用いることを特徴とする、請求項2、4及び5のいずれかに記載 の製造方法。 8.上記ケイ素化合物Aが下記一般式(I)の化合物から選ばれたものであるこ とを特徴とする、請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の製造方法: R3SiR´ (I) 式中、基Rは同一又は互いに異なって加水分解性基を示し、R´はグリシジル オキシ−(C1−C6)−アルキレン基を示す。 9.上記ケイ素化合物Aが酸触媒、好ましくはHCl水溶液によって加水分解さ れることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の製造方法。 10.Si、Ti、Zr、Al、B、Sn及びVからなる群から選ばれた元素の 化合物(好ましくはアルコキシド)である他の加水分解型化合物Hの1種又は2 種以上を、用いる加水分解型化合物の全量に対して70モル%を超えない量で用 いるとともに、上記ケイ素化合物Aとともに加水分解することを特徴とする、請 求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。 11.上記粒子材料Bがベーマイト(好ましくはゾルの形態)を含むことを特徴 とする、請求項1、2及び6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。 12.上記非イオン性界面活性剤Cが、室温で液体のものから選ばれ、特にポリ オキシエチレン オレイルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン セチルエーテル、ラ ウリル硫酸ナトリウム、N−ドデシルピリジニウムクロリド、 ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノオレアート、及びこれらの混合物から選ばれ たものであることを特徴とする、請求項1、3、5、6、8、9及び10のいず れかに記載の製造方法。 13.上記芳香族ポリオールDが、ジオール類から選ばれ、特に下記一般式(II )及び(III)の化合物から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1、 4及び6のいずれかに記載の製造方法: 式中、Xは(C1−C8)アルキレン若しくはアルキリデン基、(C6−C14) アリーレン基、−O−、−S−、−CO−又は−SO2−を示し、nは0又は1 を示す; 14.上記ルイス塩基Eは窒素化合物、好ましくはN− 複素環、アミノ基含有フェノール、ポリシクロアミン、アンモニア、及び下記一 般式(IV)で表わされる加水分解型化合物から選ばれたものであることを特徴と する、請求項5記載の製造方法: R3SiR″ (IV) 式中、基Rは請求項8で示したように定義され、R″はSiに結合した非加水 分解性基であって、少なくとも1つの第一、第二又は第三アミノ基を含むものを 示す。 15.請求項1乃至14のいずれかに記載の方法により得ることができる、エポ キシ基を有する加水分解型シランに基づく組成物。 16.ガラス(眼鏡用)及び(特に)透明プラスチックスのコーティングのため の請求項2、8、9、10及び11のいずれかに記載の方法により得ることがで きる組成物の使用。 17.ガラス及び(特に)透明プラスチックのコーティングのための請求項3、 5、6、8、9、10、11、12、13及び14のいずれかに記載の方法によ り得ることができる組成物の使用。 18.金属、特にAl及びMgのコーティング、ならび にプラスチックス、特にポリカーボネートのコーティングのための請求項4、5 、7、8、9、10、13及び14のいずれかに記載の方法により得ることがで きる組成物の使用。 19.必要に応じて、流動学的特性を調節するための不活性溶媒、好ましくはC1 −C8アルコールを含む組成物を基材表面上に塗布し、(a)熱硬化、好ましく は90〜130℃で硬化させ、又は(b)光開始剤を添加して光化学的に硬化さ せ、必要に応じて熱により後硬化することを特徴とする、請求項16乃至18の いずれかに記載の使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4338361A DE4338361A1 (de) | 1993-11-10 | 1993-11-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zusammensetzungen auf der Basis von Epoxidgruppen-haltigen Silanen |
| DE4338361,0 | 1993-11-10 | ||
| PCT/EP1994/003336 WO1995013326A1 (de) | 1993-11-10 | 1994-10-10 | Verfahren zur herstellung von zusammensetzungen auf der basis von epoxidgruppen-haltigen silanen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09505089A true JPH09505089A (ja) | 1997-05-20 |
| JP4196129B2 JP4196129B2 (ja) | 2008-12-17 |
Family
ID=6502247
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP51354995A Expired - Lifetime JP4196129B2 (ja) | 1993-11-10 | 1994-10-10 | エポキシ基を含有するシランに基づく組成物の製造方法 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6008285A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0728164B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4196129B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1048749C (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE216420T1 (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE4338361A1 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2173127T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1995013326A1 (ja) |
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| JP2002532574A (ja) * | 1998-12-11 | 2002-10-02 | インスティトゥート フィア ノイエ マテリアーリエン ゲマインニュッツィゲ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクタ ハフトゥンク | エポキシド基を含むシランに基づくトップコートを有する、パウダーコートされた支持体 |
| WO2006038725A1 (ja) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-13 | Tokuyama Corporation | コーティング剤用組成物およびその製造方法 |
| JP2007512402A (ja) * | 2003-11-17 | 2007-05-17 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | エポキシ官能性およびシラン官能性のオリゴマーおよびポリマーの加水分解物および/または縮合物、ならびに、それらの製造および使用 |
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| JP2008537747A (ja) * | 2005-04-07 | 2008-09-25 | モーメンティブ・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ・インク | エポキシシランオリゴマー及びそれを含有するコーティング組成物 |
| JP2009518503A (ja) * | 2005-12-08 | 2009-05-07 | モーメンティブ・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ・インク | エポキシシランオリゴマー及びそれを含有するコーティング組成物 |
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-
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-
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- 1994-10-10 WO PCT/EP1994/003336 patent/WO1995013326A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1994-10-10 AT AT94929526T patent/ATE216420T1/de active
- 1994-10-10 US US08/635,955 patent/US6008285A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-10 CN CN94194066A patent/CN1048749C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-10 ES ES94929526T patent/ES2173127T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-10 JP JP51354995A patent/JP4196129B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-10 EP EP94929526A patent/EP0728164B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002532574A (ja) * | 1998-12-11 | 2002-10-02 | インスティトゥート フィア ノイエ マテリアーリエン ゲマインニュッツィゲ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクタ ハフトゥンク | エポキシド基を含むシランに基づくトップコートを有する、パウダーコートされた支持体 |
| JP2007512402A (ja) * | 2003-11-17 | 2007-05-17 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | エポキシ官能性およびシラン官能性のオリゴマーおよびポリマーの加水分解物および/または縮合物、ならびに、それらの製造および使用 |
| JP4823915B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-17 | 2011-11-24 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | エポキシ官能性およびシラン官能性のオリゴマーおよびポリマーの加水分解物および/または縮合物、ならびに、それらの製造および使用 |
| JP2007514632A (ja) * | 2003-11-21 | 2007-06-07 | ナショナル ユニバーシティ オブ アイルランド、 ゴールウエイ | 可溶性金属酸化物および金属酸化物溶液 |
| WO2006038725A1 (ja) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-13 | Tokuyama Corporation | コーティング剤用組成物およびその製造方法 |
| JP2008537747A (ja) * | 2005-04-07 | 2008-09-25 | モーメンティブ・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ・インク | エポキシシランオリゴマー及びそれを含有するコーティング組成物 |
| JP2009518503A (ja) * | 2005-12-08 | 2009-05-07 | モーメンティブ・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ・インク | エポキシシランオリゴマー及びそれを含有するコーティング組成物 |
| JP2011513553A (ja) * | 2008-03-03 | 2011-04-28 | ユニバーシティ オブ フロリダ リサーチ ファンデーション インコーポレーティッド | ナノ粒子ゾル−ゲル複合ハイブリッドの透明コーティング材料 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6008285A (en) | 1999-12-28 |
| ES2173127T3 (es) | 2002-10-16 |
| EP0728164B1 (de) | 2002-04-17 |
| US6228921B1 (en) | 2001-05-08 |
| CN1048749C (zh) | 2000-01-26 |
| DE59410106D1 (de) | 2002-05-23 |
| EP0728164A1 (de) | 1996-08-28 |
| CN1138345A (zh) | 1996-12-18 |
| DE4338361A1 (de) | 1995-05-11 |
| JP4196129B2 (ja) | 2008-12-17 |
| ATE216420T1 (de) | 2002-05-15 |
| WO1995013326A1 (de) | 1995-05-18 |
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