JPH10504763A - 臨場感を伴った遠隔操作の方法 - Google Patents
臨場感を伴った遠隔操作の方法Info
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 制御オペレーターステーションから制御オペレーターにより遠隔作業サイ トの作業スペースに置かれた対象物を操作するための遠隔操作システムであって 、 作業スペースの対象物を操作するためのエンドエフェクター手段を備えた、作 業サイトのマニピュレーター手段、 制御オペレーションステーションにマニピュレーター手段の制御オペレーター による遠隔制御のためのハンドコントロール手段を含んだコントローラー手段、 作業スペースのリアルタイムイメージを得るためのイメージ取得手段、及び 制御オペレーターが見るモニター上に表示するためのイメージ再生手段 を含み、前記コントローラー手段がさらに、 前記イメージ取得手段に接続され且つリアルタイムイメージを処理して処理イ メージを作り制御オペレーターに表示するための手段 を含み、 前記イメージ取得手段は、制御オペレーターの目とハンドコントロール手段の 相対的な位置関係とは異ったエンドエフェクター手段に対する角度及び位置にあ り、前記イメージ処理手段は、前記エンドエフェクター手段のイメージを前記ハ ンドコントロール手段と相関させる 前記遠隔操作システム。 2. 前記イメージ処理手段がさらに、 作業スペースのエンドエフェクター手段の実際の位置を、可視リアルタイムイ メージ中のエンドエフェクター手段の知覚位置に変換するための手段 を含み、 イメージ取得手段はモノスコープであり、基準面上に角度Θの位置にあり、 前記イメージ取得手段は、基準スペース内の基準面上方にあり、 制御オペレーターの目は、前記基準面上の基準線に対して角度0°の位置にあ り、 前記目は、前記基準スペース内の前記基準面の上方にあり、 可視リアルタイムイメージは、ほぼ−Θに等しい角度Θ’だけピクセル毎に回 転される、 請求の範囲第1項に記載の遠隔操作システム。 3. エンドエフェクター手段の前記知覚位置の座標が、次の関係式 [(p,q,r)は、前記知覚位置の座標であり、 (a,b,c)は、前記実際の位置の座標であり、 角度Θは、水平面における垂直軸のまわりのイメージ取得手段の回転であり、 角度Θ’は、実質的に−Θに等しく、そして 角度Φは、前記垂直軸に対するイメージ取得手段の表面に直角な軸の傾斜角度 である] によりエンドエフェクター手段の前記実際の位置の座標と動的に関係付けられる 請求の範囲第2項に記載の遠隔操作システム。 4. 前記イメージ処理手段がさらに、 各マニピュレーター手段が制御オペレーターに示されるときに可視リアルタイ ムイメージ内に各マニピュレーターが現れる位置まで、イメージ取得手段の表面 に直角な軸のまわりにイメージ取得手段を回転させることにより行われるマニピ ュレーター手段の静的再調整手段 を含み、この場合、ハンドコントロールは制御オペレーターの視点の下方にある 、請求の範囲第1項に記載の遠隔操作システム。 5. 前記イメージ処理手段がさらに、 マニピュレーター手段が制御オペレーターに示されるときに可視リアルタイム イメージ内にマニピュレーター手段が現れる位置まで、イメージ取得手段の表面 に直角な軸のまわりにイメージ取得手段を回転させることにより行われるマニピ ュレーター手段の静的再調整手段 を含み、この場合、ハンドコントロールは制御オペレーターの視点の上方にある 、請求の範囲第1項に記載の遠隔操作システム。 6. イメージ取得手段が、モノスコープカメラを含み、 イメージ取得手段が、前記モノスコープカメラのレンズの中心を通る前記モノ スコープカメラの視覚軸のまわりに回転される、 請求の範囲第4項に記載の遠隔操作システム。 7. イメージ取得手段が、前記立体カメラの各アパーチャー間のラインを2等 分する垂直軸を有する立体双アパーチャーカメラを含み、 イメージ取得手段が、前記直角軸の中心を通る前記立体カメラの視覚軸のまわ りに回転される、 請求の範囲第4項に記載の遠隔操作システム。 8. 前記イメージ処理手段がさらに、 エンドエフェクター手段の動きがハンドコントロール手段に堅固に連接して見 えるように、作業スペースのエンドエフェクター手段の実際の位置を、可視リア ルタイムイメージ内のエンドエフェクター手段の知覚位置に平行移動するための 手段 を含む、請求の範囲第4項に記載の遠隔操作システム。 9. 前記実際の位置の前記知覚位置への平行移動が次の関係式 [(p,q,r)は、前記知覚位置の座標であり、 (a,b,c)は、前記実際の位置の座標であり、 角度Γは、イメージ取得手段の表面に直角な軸のまわりのイメージ取得手段の 回転であり、 角度Φは、垂直軸に対する前記直角軸の傾斜角度であり、そして 角度Θは、水平面における前記垂直軸のまわりのイメージ取得手段の回転であ る] に従う、請求の範囲第8項に記載の遠隔操作システム。 10. 作業スペースの対象物を操作するためのエンドエフェクター手段を備え た作業サイトのマニピュレーター手段、 制御オペレーターステーションにおいてマニピュレーター手段の制御オペレー ターにより遠隔制御するためのハンドコントロール手段を含むコントローラー手 段、 作業スペースのリアルタイムイメージを得るためのイメージ取得手段、及び 制御オペレーターが見るモニター上の可視リアルタイムイメージを再生するた めのイメージ再生手段 を含む、制御オペレーターステーションから制御オペレーターにより遠隔作業サ イトの作業スペースに置かれた対象物を操作するための遠隔操作システムの使用 に際し、 制御ループを用いて実際の動きによりマニピュレーター手段の動的較正を行う 方法であって、 マニピュレーター手段の動きが、直接ハンドコントロール手段の動きに追従し 、 以下のステップ(a)〜(j)、即ち、 (a)4点座標グラフィック要素の3次元スペース表示を、可視リアルタイムイ メージ上にスーパーインポーズし、 (b)エンドエフェクター手段の動きを制御するように、ハンドコントロール手 段が動くようにし、 (c)エンドエフェクター手段が可視リアルタイムイメージ内の前記グラフィッ ク要素の第1基準点に接触するように見えるよう、エンドエフェクター手段を位 置決めし、 (d)エンドエフェクター手段と前記第1基準点が重なったことをシステムに知 らせ、 (e)関係式σ3=L’−Lによる差を求め、マニピュレーター手段の延長L’ と調和するようにハンドコントロール手段の延長Lを調整し、 (f)可視リアルタイムイメージ内のマニピュレーター手段がハンドコントロー ル手段から現れるように見える角度配向(Ψ,Ω)まで、ハンドコントロール手 段をその旋回軸のまわりに動かし、 (g)関係式σ1=Ψ−Ψ’及びσ2=Ω−Ω’による差を求め、マニピュレータ ー手段の角度配向(Ψ’,Ω’)と調和するようにハンドコントロール手段の角 度配向(Ψ,Ω)を調整し、 (h)前記ハンドコントロール手段の3次元スペースでの制御位置(Ψ,Ω,L )を記録し、 (i)制御位置に対応する前記マニピュレーター手段の3次元スペースでの制御 位置(Ψ’,Ω’,L’)を記録し、そして (j)残りの各基準点に対してステップ(a)から(i)を繰り返し、較正を行 う ステップを含む前記マニピュレーター手段の動的較正を行う方法。 11. 次の式の組 ΔΩ’≒k11ΔΩ+k12ΔΨ+k13ΔL ΔΨ’≒k21ΔΩ+k22ΔΨ+k23ΔL ΔL’≒k31ΔΩ+k32ΔΨ+k33ΔL [この解は次の通りである] により、ハンドコントロール手段の位置の増分をマニピュレーター手段の位置の 増分に同期させるステップをさらに含む請求の範囲第10項に記載の方法。 12. 作業スペースの対象物を操作するためのエンドエフェクター手段を備え た作業サイトのマニピュレーター手段、 制御オペレーターステーションにおいてマニピュレーター手段の制御オペレー ターにより遠隔制御するためのハンドコントロール手段を含むコントローラー手 段、 作業スペースのリアルタイムイメージを得るためのイメージ取得手段、及び 制御オペレーターが見るモニター上の可視リアルタイムイメージを再生するた めのイメージ再生手段 を含む、制御オペレーターステーションから制御オペレーターにより遠隔作業サ イトの作業スペースに置かれた対象物を操作するための遠隔操作システムの使用 に際し、 制御ループを用いて仮想の動きによりマニピュレーター手段の動的較正を行う 方法であって、 マニピュレーター手段の動きが、直接ハンドコントロール手段の動きに追従し 、 以下のステップ(a)〜(i)、即ち、 (a)可視リアルタイムイメージ上の3次元スペースに分布した4点のうち選択 された第1基準点にエンドエフェクター手段を動かし、 (b)重ねられたグラフィックドットがエンドエフェクター手段と前記第1基準 点の可視イメージ上でスーパーインポーズしているように見えるよう、ハンドコ ントロール手段をマニュアルで動かし、 (c)エンドエフェクター手段と前記第1基準点が重なったことをシステムに知 らせ、 (d)関係式σ3=L’−Lによる差を求め、マニピュレーター手段の延長L’ と調和するようにハンドコントロール手段の延長Lを調整し、 (e)可視リアルタイムイメージ内のマニピュレーター手段がハンドコントロー ル手段から現れるように見える角度配向(Ψ,Ω)まで、ハンドコントロール手 段をその旋回軸のまわりに動かし、 (f)関係式σ1=Ψ−Ψ’及びσ2=Ω−Ω’による差を求め、マニピュレータ ー手段の角度配向(Ψ’,Ω’)と調和するようにハンドコントロール手段の角 度配向(Ψ,Ω)を調整し、 (g)前記ハンドコントロール手段の3次元スペースでの位置(Ψ,Ω,L)を 記録し、 (h)前記マニピュレーター手段の3次元スペースでの位置(Ψ’,Ω’,L’ )を記録し、そして (i)残りの各基準点に対してステップ(a)から(h)を繰り返し、較正を行 う ステップを含む前記マニピュレーター手段の動的較正を行う方法。 13. 次の式の組 ΔΩ’≒k11ΔΩ+k12ΔΨ+k13ΔL ΔΨ’≒k21ΔΩ+k22ΔΨ+k23ΔL ΔL’≒k31ΔΩ+k22ΔΨ+k33ΔL [この解は次の通りである] により、ハンドコントロール手段の位置の増分をマニピュレーター手段の位置の 増分に関係付けるステップをさらに含む請求の範囲第12項に記載の方法。 14. 制御オペレーターステーションから制御オペレーターにより遠隔作業サ イトの作業スペースに置かれた対象物を操作するための遠隔操作システムであっ て、 作業スペースの対象物を操作するためのエンドエフェクター手段を備えた、作 業サイトのマニピュレーター手段、 制御オペレーションステーションにマニピュレーター手段の制御オペレーター による遠隔制御のためのハンドコントロール手段を含んだコントローラー手段、 作業スペースのリアルタイムイメージを得るためのイメージ取得手段、及び 制御オペレーターが見るモニター上に表示するためのイメージ再生手段 を含み、 コントローラー手段は、前記イメージ取得手段に接続され且つリアルタイムイ メージを処理して処理イメージを作り制御オペレーターに表示するための手段を 含み、 前記イメージ取得手段は、制御オペレーターの目とハンドコントロール手段の 相対的な位置関係とは異ったエンドエフェクター手段に対する角度及び位置にあ り、且つ、さらにスケール及び横方向位置が異なり、 前記イメージ処理手段は、前記エンドエフェクター手段の操作を前記ハンドコ ントロール手段と相関させ、 前記イメージ処理手段は、さらにイメージ取得手段の横方向シフトとスケール 変化に追従し可視リアルタイムイメージ内で透視補正を行うための手段を含む、 前記遠隔操作システム。 15. 前記透視補正手段が、次の関係式 α’=arctan[(x’−m)/(y’−n)] L’=[(x’−m)2+(y’−n)2]1/2 x’=M(x−Δx) y’=M(y−Δy) x=L(sin α)+m y=L(cos α)+n [座標(m,n)は、前記横方向シフト及び前記スケール変化がなされる前のマ ニピュレーター手段の旋回点の位置を示し、 座標(m’,n’)は、前記横方向シフト及び前記スケール変化がなされた後 のマニピュレーター手段の旋回点の位置を示し、 座標(x,y)は、前記横方向シフト及び前記スケール変化がなされる前のエ ンドエフェクター手段の位置を示し、 座標(x’,y’)は、前記横方向シフト及び前記スケール変化がなされた後 のエンドエフェクター手段の位置を示し、 座標(Δx,Δy)は、前記横方向シフトにより生じたエンドエフェクター手 段の位置の変化を示し、 ファクターMは、前記スケール変化の拡大ファクターを示し、 角度αは、前記横方向シフト及び前記スケール変化がなされる前の垂直軸のま わりのマニピュレーター手段の回転であり、 角度α’は、前記横方向シフト及び前記スケール変化がなされた後の前記垂直 軸のまわりのマニピュレーター手段の回転であり、 長さLは、前記横方向シフト及び前記スケール変化がなされる前の、前記旋回 点とエンドエフェクター手段の間の距離であり、そして 長さL’は、前記横方向シフト及び前記スケール変化がなされた後の、前記旋 回点とエンドエフェクター手段の間の距離である] により変換を行うための手段を含む請求の範囲第14項に記載の遠隔操作システ ム。 16. 制御オペレーターステーションから制御オペレーターにより遠隔作業サ イトの作業スペースに置かれた対象物を操作するための遠隔操作システムであっ て、 作業スペースの対象物を操作するためのエンドエフェクター手段を備えた、作 業サイトのマニピュレーター手段、 制御オペレーションステーションにマニピュレーター手段の制御オペレーター による遠隔制御のためのハンドコントロール手段を含んだコントローラー手段、 作業スペースのリアルタイムイメージを得るためのイメージ取得手段、及び 制御オペレーターが見るモニター上に表示するためのイメージ再生手段 を含み、前記コントローラー手段はさらに、 前記イメージ取得手段に接続され且つリアルタイムイメージを処理して処理イ メージを作り制御オペレーターに表示するための手段であって、前記イメージ取 得手段は、制御オペレーターの目とハンドコントロール手段の相対的な位置関係 とは異ったエンドエフェクター手段に対する角度及び位置にあり、前記イメージ 処理手段は、前記エンドエフェクター手段のイメージを前記ハンドコントロール 手段と相関させる、前記リアルタイムイメージ処理手段、 前記マニピュレーター手段の位置を制御するためのサーボ制御手段、 前記作業スペースの前記マニピュレーター手段の位置を感知するように接続さ れた第1位置感知手段、 オペレーターステーションの前記ハンドコントロール手段の位置を感知するよ うに結合された第2位置感知手段、及び 前記イメージ処理手段、前記第1位置感知手段及び前記第2位置感知手段に接 続され、マニピュレーター位置、ハンドコントロール位置及び処理イメージ位置 についての情報を前記サーボ制御手段に与える制御信号に変換するための座標変 換手段 を含む、前記遠隔操作システム。 17. 前記イメージ取得手段に接続されて作業サイトの前記イメージ取得手段 の位置を感知するための第3位置感知手段をさらに含み、 前記座標変換手段が前記第3位置感知手段に接続され、前記イメージ取得手段 についての情報を前記制御信号に変換する、 請求の範囲第16項に記載の遠隔操作システム。 18. 作業スペースの対象物を操作するためのエンドエフェクター手段を備え た作業サイトのマニピュレーター手段、 制御オペレーターステーションにおいてマニピュレーター手段の制御オペレー ターにより遠隔制御するためのハンドコントロール手段を含むコントローラー手 段、 作業スペースのリアルタイムイメージを得るためのイメージ取得手段、及び 制御オペレーターが見るモニター上の可視リアルタイムイメージを再生するた めのイメージ再生手段 を含む、制御オペレーターステーションから制御オペレーターにより遠隔作業サ イトの作業スペースに置かれた対象物を操作するための遠隔操作システムの使用 に際し、 制御ループを用いて実際の動きによりマニピュレーター手段の動的較正を行う 方法であって、 マニピュレーター手段の動きが、直接ハンドコントロール手段の動きに追従し 、 以下のステップ、即ち、 リアルタイムイメージ上に3次元スペースの4点座標グラフィック要素の表示 をスーパーインポーズし、 ハンドコントロース手段をその上で動かし、 エンドエフェクター手段がリアルタイムイメージ内で前記グラフィック要素の 基準点に接触して見えるように、ハンドコントロール手段の制御下でエンドエフ ェクター手段を位置決めし、そして ハンドコントロール手段とエンドエフェクター手段の間の関係を追跡し、その ことにより較正を行う ステップを含む前記マニピュレーター手段の動的較正を行う方法。 19. 作業スペースの対象物を操作するためのエンドエフェクター手段を備え た作業サイトのマニピュレーター手段、 制御オペレーターステーションにおいてマニピュレーター手段の制御オペレー ターにより遠隔制御するためのハンドコントロール手段を含むコントローラー手 段、 作業スペースのリアルタイムイメージを得るためのイメージ取得手段、及び 制御オペレーターが見るモニター上の可視リアルタイムイメージを再生するた めのイメージ再生手段 を含む、制御オペレーターステーションから制御オペレーターにより遠隔作業サ イトの作業スペースに置かれた対象物を操作するための遠隔操作システムの使用 に際し、 制御ループを用いて仮想の動きによりマニピュレーター手段の動的較正を行う 方法であって、 マニピュレーター手段の動きが、直接ハンドコントロール手段の動きに追従し 、 以下のステップ、即ち、 可視リアルタイムイメージ上で3次元スペースに分布した予め選択された一連 の基準点を通るようにエンドエフェクター手段を自動的に動かし、 重なったグラフィックドットが前記各基準点でエンドエフェクター手段の可視 イメージ上にスーパーインポーズされるように、ハンドコントロール手段をマニ ュアルで動かし、 各基準点の位置にハンドコントロール手段の位置を一致させ、そして ハンドコントロール手段とエンドエフェクター手段の間の関係を追跡し、それ により較正を行う ステップを含む前記マニピュレーター手段の動的較正を行う方法。
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| JP6415496A JPH09119933A (ja) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-21 | 自動分析システム |
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| US08/239,086 | 1994-05-05 | ||
| US08/239,086 US5631973A (en) | 1994-05-05 | 1994-05-05 | Method for telemanipulation with telepresence |
| PCT/US1995/005669 WO1995030964A1 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 1995-05-03 | Method for telemanipulation with telepresence |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2189775C (en) | 2000-07-11 |
| US6259806B1 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
| US8526737B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
| US7333642B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 |
| CA2189775A1 (en) | 1995-11-16 |
| ES2287934T3 (es) | 2007-12-16 |
| EP0758469A4 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
| US20090082905A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
| JP4172816B2 (ja) | 2008-10-29 |
| ATE365953T1 (de) | 2007-07-15 |
| EP1849566A3 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
| EP1849566A2 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
| JP4156606B2 (ja) | 2008-09-24 |
| US20070196004A9 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
| EP1840818A3 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
| US5631973A (en) | 1997-05-20 |
| US5696837A (en) | 1997-12-09 |
| EP0758469A1 (en) | 1997-02-19 |
| DE69535523D1 (de) | 2007-08-09 |
| DE69535523T2 (de) | 2008-04-03 |
| WO1995030964A1 (en) | 1995-11-16 |
| EP0758469B1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| US20130023899A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
| US20030228039A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
| US8068649B2 (en) | 2011-11-29 |
| EP1840818A2 (en) | 2007-10-03 |
| US5859934A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
| US20010046313A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
| JP2005261956A (ja) | 2005-09-29 |
| US6574355B2 (en) | 2003-06-03 |
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