JPS5978973A - 導電性セラミツクス - Google Patents

導電性セラミツクス

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Publication number
JPS5978973A
JPS5978973A JP57187598A JP18759882A JPS5978973A JP S5978973 A JPS5978973 A JP S5978973A JP 57187598 A JP57187598 A JP 57187598A JP 18759882 A JP18759882 A JP 18759882A JP S5978973 A JPS5978973 A JP S5978973A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
temperature
resistance
heater
powder
ceramics
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Pending
Application number
JP57187598A
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English (en)
Inventor
松下　安男
浩介 中村
小杉　哲夫
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to JP57187598A priority Critical patent/JPS5978973A/ja
Priority to KR1019830005047A priority patent/KR840006543A/ko
Priority to DE8383306508T priority patent/DE3375437D1/de
Priority to EP83306508A priority patent/EP0107511B1/en
Priority to US06/546,094 priority patent/US4528121A/en
Publication of JPS5978973A publication Critical patent/JPS5978973A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の利用分野〕 本発明は良好な電気伝導性を有する２５電性セラミツク
スに関する。
〔従来技術〕
従来から周知の、４准注セラミツクスとしては、シリコ
ンカーバイド（Ｂ　ｉ　Ｃ）系、ランタンクロメ−）　
（ＬａＣｒ０３）系、ジルコニア（ＺｒＯ，＋）系など
が知られている。しかしながらこれらの導電性セラミッ
クスは電気抵抗が比紋的大きく、１ｏｏｏｔ：’の高温
時でも１０−”Ωロ一度が下限である。また上記セラミ
ックスは抵抗温度特注が負、すなわち温度上昇と共に電
気抵抗が減少するため高温では磁流の急増による熱暴走
現象を生じやすく、温度１１ｔｌＪ　（ｔ４）がむずか
しくなる。さらに上記セラミックスは通常多孔質で機械
的強酸が小さいなどの欠点がある。
〔発明の目的〕
本発明は従来の導−往セラミックスがもつ上記欠点を解
消すべくなされたもので、機械的強度が大きく、電気抵
抗が小さく、シかも正の抵抗温度特性を有する新規の導
４性セラミックスを提供することを目的とする。
〔発明の概要〕
本発明者はアルミナ（Ａｔ２０ｇ　）系セラミックスと
導電性物質を組合せて複合化することによシ、本発明の
目的を達成し得る材料を見い出した。
すなわち本発明は、Ａｌｔｏｓ単味またはＡｌｔｏｓを
主成分とするＡＬｚＯｓ系セラミクセラミック２、金桐
にユ・Ａ似しだ性質をもつ非酸化物系の専−訃吻質を分
数混合し、緻密に焼結してなる導准性のセラミックスを
提供するものである。
本発明における非酸化物系の導′螺材としては、ジルコ
ニウム化合物でるるジルコニウムポライド（ＺｒＢ２）
、ジルコニウムカーバイド（ｚ　、　Ｃ）、ジルコニウ
ムナイトライド責ｚ　ｒ　Ｎ　）　、タンタルポライド
（ＴａＨ２）、タンタルカーバイド（Ｔａｇ）、タンタ
ルナイトライド（ＴａＮ）、チタニウムポライド（’ｒ
ｉＢ２）、チタニウムカーバイド（ＴｉＣ）チタニウム
ナイトラ、イド（ＴｉＮ）が用いられる。
これらの材料は正の抵抗温度特注をもち、電気抵抗が小
さく、シかも難融性で、高温強度が大きく、耐酸性にも
優れるため導電材として好適でおる。
一方、ｋｌ−ｚｏｓ系セラミックスとしては、Ａｔ２０
ｓ　　単味またはｋｌｘｏｓ　に５ｓ量％を越えない範
囲でＡｔ２０ｓの焼結助剤並びに粒成長を抑制する成分
を添加することができる。マトリックス相Ｋ　Ａ　ｔ　
２０　ａ系セラミックスを選んだ理由は、耐熱温度が高
く、機械的強度も大きく、耐酸化性に後れ、しかも熱膨
張係数が上記した導電材のＺ　ｒ　Ｂ２１　Ｚ　ｒ　Ｃ
ｅ　Ｚ　ｒＮ＋　Ｔａ　Ｂ２　ｓ　Ｔ　ａＣＨＴａＮ。
ＴｉＢ２．ＴｌＣ１ＴｉＮ　とほぼ同等か比較的近似し
ているため、νυえば本発明を高温ヒータ材とした場合
、通電によシー間的に赤熱させた時に加えられる熱衝軍
に対しても浚れ瓦１］ｕス久住をＭし〜導電材との組合
せ上好適な材料であるためである。
本発明の導゛祇注セラミックスは、飼えばＡｔ２０ｓ紛
禾と４直材とをそれぞれ５〜７０重量部、３０〜９５ｍ
ｊｔ部の範囲に調合し、これに成形バインダとして例え
ばカルボキシメチルセルローズ（Ｃｉｖｌ　Ｃ）やポリ
ビニルアルコール（、Ｐ　ＶＡ　）などを加えて混合し
たのち、ｉノ「ボの形状に成形し、これを真空中あるい
は不活性ガス中１４００〜１７００Ｃの温度で焼結する
ことによシ理論密度比８０％以上特に９０％以上の焼結
体を製造することができる。
本発明においては、Ａｔ１Ｏｓ単味またはＡｔ１Ｏｓ系
セラミックスと導電材とを上記割合に限定したが、その
理由は、導電材が３０重量部よシ少ないとセラミックス
の抵抗率が１Ω鋸よシ大きく、シかも抵抗温度係数が負
となシ、９５重量％よシ多くなるとセラミックスの機械
的強度、耐熱衝撃性などの特性が低下するためである。
〔発明の実施例〕
次に実施例によシ本発明の詳細な説明する。
来ＪＪ１例１ 平均粒−０，６μｍのＡｔｚｏｓ扮末と平４粒径２μｍ
　１７）　Ｚ　ｒ　４３２紛木を種々のｈｌｌ会に調合
し、その全一に対して３％ＰＶＡ溶畝を１０％加えｊｊ
ｔＪ手らいかい嘘で混ぜした。次いで混合原料ω末は金
型で１０００　ＫｆＦ／　ｃｔｄの圧力を力ｌえて成形
体とし罠。
この成形体を黒鉛製のダイスに入れ真壁度１Ｏ−３〜１
０−”ｌ’ｏｒｒの減圧下でホットプレス焼結した。
焼結条件は、圧力２００　Ｋｙ／ｃｒｔｔ、温度１７０
０Ｃ。
時間１ｈでめる。このようにして得たＡ　７２０ｓ−Ｚ
ｒＢｚ系りσセラミックスはいずれも理論相対密匿９５
％以上の緻密質な焼結体であシ、該セラミックスの抵抗
率とＺｒＢ！混合量とのｌ！Ａ系は第１図の曲線Ａの如
くである。ＺｒＢ２混合量を２０Ｍ量部以上適当に選ぶ
ことによシ、抵抗率１０”　％ｌ　Ｏ””Ω創の範囲で
任意の値のものが得られる。また該セラミックスの抵抗
率と温度との関係から求めた抵抗温度係数は第２図の曲
線りの如くでおシ、ＺｒＢ２量が約３０重量部よシ多い
領域で正の抵抗温度係数をもつことが分かる。
実施例２ 実施例１と同じＡ　ｔｓ　Ｏｓ粉末を用い、これにＺｒ
ＣまたはＺｒＮの粉末（平均位置はいずれも２μｍ）を
混合量を変えて調合し、実施例１と同じ条件で成形、ホ
ットプレス焼結してＡ　ｔ２０　ｓ−’ｔｒｃ系及びＡ
ｔ２０３　　Ｚ　ｒ　Ｎ系のｍ６セラミツクスを作製し
た。両系の複叶セラミックスの抵抗率と４ｒｔ材混合量
との関係は、第１図の曲線Ａとほぼ同等である。また抵
抗温度特性も実施例１の場合と同様に、ＺｒＣまたはＺ
ｌ−Ｎの混合量が約３０重量部以上で正の抵抗温度特性
を持つもつが得られた。
実施例３ ｋｔｚｏｓ粉末（半均粒径０．５μｍ）５０重量部とＺ
ｒＢ２粉末（半均粒径２μｍ）５０重量部、さらにその
全量に対してＡｔＮ粉末（平均粒径２μｍ　）　２重量
％とＭｇＯ粉末（半均粒径２μｍ）０．５重量％を添加
混合し、混合粉を１０００　Ｋｆ／　ｃｔｄで圧粉成形
した後、圧力２００　Ｋ９／　ｃｒｌｚ　’７４度１６
００Ｃ，保持時間１ｈの条件でホットプレス焼結して４
Ｉ＠セラミツクスを作製した。得られた抜けセラミック
スの特性は理論相対密度９５％、室温時の抵抗率２Ｘ１
０−ｓΩ画、抵抗温度係数（２０〜５０（Ｎ：’）−１
４３％／Ｃ５曲げ強さ２０Ｋｆ　／　ｙｒｄであシ、緻
密質で機械強度が大きく、電気抵抗の小さい導電性に諌
れだものである。
央Ｍｉ１３′ｌＩ４ 実施例３で得られた導４註セラミックスを用いて第３図
（ａ）、　（ｂ）に示すようなＵ字形ヒータ（抵抗値０
．１Ω；抵抗率４　Ｘ　１０−”Ｊ７ｃｒ１１）を作製
した。
このヒータの端子３．４に直流１２Ｖの准圧を印加した
時のヒータ端子゛亀圧’Ｖ’ｎ、を流Ｉｎ及びヒータ先
端部温度Ｔｕを第４図に示したが、と−タ先端温度９０
０ｔ：’までが約０．７秒、１２００Ｃまでが約１秒、
１５００Ｃまでが約１．５秒と瞬間的に昇温し、速熱性
に凌れる。また通電によシヒータ１ｒｆＩＬ度が上昇す
るにつれて負荷シ流が減少し、いわゆる正の抵抗温度係
数を持っておシ、これは熱暴走によるヒータ溶断などの
トシプルを引き起さないため特に本発明材をヒータと′
して使用する場合に好ましい特性でめる。
また本夷肩例になるヒータに直流８Ｖｉ２秒通電（この
間ヒータ温度は最高１１０ＣＩ’に達するツー１０秒間
休止（仁の間強制風冷ンを１サイクルとするサイクル通
電を１０万サイクル行った後の抵抗値の変化は全く認め
られず、通電耐久に優れ斜かも室温から１ｉｏｏｃまで
の急速かつ断続的加熱に対しても耐久性を有する。
実施例５ 平均粒径０．５μｍのｈｔｚｏｓ粉末と平均粒径２μｍ
のＴａＢｍ粉末を種々の割合に調合し、その全量に対し
て３％ＰＶＡ溶液を１０％加え攪拌らいかい機で混合し
た。次いで混合原料粉末は金型で１０００　Ｋｇ／ｃｄ
ｌの圧力を加えて成形体とした。
この成形体を黒鉛製のダイスに入れ真空度１０−”〜１
Ｏ−ＩＴｏｒｒの減圧下でホットプレス焼結した。
焼結条件は、圧力２００　Ｋｇ　／　ｃｎｔ、温＋ｆｉ
７ｏＯＣ。
時間ｉｈである。このようにして得九ｋＬ２０ｓ−’Ｊ
’ａＢｘ系複合セラミックスはいずれも相対密度９５％
以上の緻′＃質な焼結体であり、シセラミックスの抵抗
率とＴａＢ２混合量との関係はｄ４１図の曲線Ｂの如く
である。ＴａＢｘ混合量を２０重封部以上に選ぶことに
より、抵抗率１０”　−１０−’Ωαの範囲で任意の値
のものが得られる。また該セラミックスの抵抗率と減酸
との関係から求めた抵抗温度係数は第２図の曲＃ｉｌＣ
の如くであシ、ＴａＢ２量が約３０重量部よシ多い領域
で正の抵抗温度係数をもつことが分かる。
実施例６ 実施例１と同じＡ　ｔ２０３粉末を用い、これにＴａＣ
またはＴａＮの粉末（平均粒径はいずれも２μｍ）を混
合量を変えて調合し、実施例１と同じ条件で成形、ホッ
トプレス焼結してＡ　Ｉ−ｚ　Ｏａ−ＴａＣ系及びＡｔ
ｚＯＢ　　Ｔ　ａ　Ｎ系の複合セラミックスを作製した
。両系の複合セラミックスの抵抗率と導電材混合量との
関係は、第１図の曲線Ｂとほぼ同等である。また抵抗温
度特性も実施例５の場合と同様に、ＴａＣまたはＴａＮ
の混合量が約３０重量部以上で正の抵抗温度特性を持つ
ものが得られた。
実施例７ Ａｌｔｏｓ粉末（平均粒ｔｆ＝０．５　ｔｔｍ　）　５
０重量部とＴａＢ１粉末（平均粒径２μｍ）５０重量部
、さらにその全量に対してＡｔｍＯｓ　ｍ末（平均粒径
２μｍ）２７量％とＭｇ０Ｊ末（半均粒径２ｔｔｍ）０
．５重量％を添加混合し、混合粉を１００ＯＫグ／ｃＡ
で圧粉成形した後、圧力２　’００　Ｋｇ／　Ｃｆ１ｓ
　ＴｌｊＡ度１６００ｔ、保持時間１ｈの信性でホット
プレス焼結して複合セラミックスを作製した。得られた
複合セラミックスの特性は、相対密度９５％、室温時の
抵抗率５Ｘ１０””９ｍ１抵抗温度係数（２０〜５００
Ｃ）＋１．５％／Ｃ，曲げ強さ２０Ｋｙ／−であシ、緻
密質で機械強度が大きく、電気抵抗の小さい等電性に凌
れたものでめる。
笑施しＩｌ８ 実施しＩｌ７で得ら／″した導ｄ性セラミックスを用い
、て第３図に示すようなＵ字形ヒータ（抵抗値０．１Ω
；抵抗率４ＸＩＱ”Ωｔｖ　）を作製した。このヒータ
の端子３，４に直流１２Ｖの′≦圧を印加した時のヒー
タ端子電圧Ｖｎｓ　電流Ｉｎ及びヒータ先端部製ＫＴａ
を第４図に示したが、ヒータ先端温度９ｏｏｃ−＊でが
約０．７秒、１２０ｔｌＣ１でか約１秒、１５００ｃｍ
ｊ’ｔ’が約１．５秒とｌｌ！ｌｌｌ１ｌｄ的に昇温し
、速熱性に優れる。また通電によシヒータ温度が上昇す
るにつれて負荷Ｋ　Ｏ’（ｌが減少し、いわゆる正の抵
抗温度特性を待っておシ、これは熱暴走によるヒータ溶
４テなどのトラブルを引き起さないため特に本発明材を
ヒータとして開用する場合に好ましい特性である。
また本笑厖例になるヒータに直流８Ｖを２秒通電（この
間ヒータ温度は最高１ｉｏｏＣに達する）−１０秒間休
止（この間強制風冷）を１サイクルとするサイクル通゛
−をｌＯ万サすクル行った凌の抵抗値の変化は全く認め
られず、通電耐久に優れ、しかも室温からｌｌ０ＱＣま
での急速かつ断続的加熱に対しても耐久性を有する。
実施例９ 平均粒径０．５μｍのＡｔｏｍｓ粉末と平均粒径２μｍ
のＴ　ｉ　Ｂ！粉末を４■々の割合に調合し、その全量
に対して３％ＰＶＡ溶液を１０％加え攪拌らいかい機で
混合した。次いで混合原料粉末は金型で１０００　Ｋｇ
／ｅｒｔｉの圧力を加えて成形体とした。
この成形体を黒鉛製のダイスに入れ真空度１０−１〜ｌ
Ｏ“”ｆｏｒｔの減圧下でホットプレス焼結した。
焼結条件は、圧力２００縁／ｃｄｌ、一度１７００Ｃ。
時間１ｈである。このようにして得たＡｔｚ　０ｓ−Ｔ
　ｉ　Ｂｔ系複合セラミックスはいずれも相対密度９５
％の緻密質な焼結体であり、該セラミックスの抵抗率と
ＴｉＢ鵞混合量との関係は第１図の曲線Ａの如くである
。ＴＩＢｇ混合量を２０重量部以上に選ぶことによシ、
抵抗率１０”　−１０−”９画の範囲で任意の値のもの
が得られる。また該セラミックスの抵抗率と温度との関
係から求めた抵抗温度係数は第２図の曲線Ｅの如くでお
シ、Ｔｉ１ｌｈ量が約３０重量部よシ多い領域で正の抵
抗温度係数をもつことが分かる。
実〃（ｌｉＩｌ１ 実施例９と同じＡ　ｌ−ｚ　Ｏａ粉末を用い、これにＴ
ｉＣまたはＴｉＮの粉本（平均粒匝はいずれも２μＩｎ
）（Ｉｌ−混合量を変えて調合し、夷ｌ−例９と同じ朱
件で成形、ホットプレス焼結してｋｔｗＯｓ−ＴｉＣ系
及びｋｌ−ｚＯｓ　　Ｔ　Ｉ　Ｎ系の複曾セラミックス
を作製した。両系の複合セラミックスの抵抗率と４亀材
混合量との関係は、第１図の曲線Ａとほぼ同等である。
また抵抗温度特性も実施例９の場合と同様に、ＴｉＣま
たはＴｉＮの混合量が約３０ｎｆ部以上で正の抵抗温度
特性を持つものが得られた。
実施例１１ ＡｔｚＯｓ粉末（平均粒径０．５μｍ）５０重量部とＴ
ｉＢ２粉末（平均粒径２μｍ）５０重量部、さらにその
全景に対してＡ　ｔ　２０　ｇ粉末（平均粒径２μｍ）
２重量％とＭｇＯ粉末（平均粒径２μｍ）０．５重量％
を添加混合し、混合粉を１０００Ｋｇ／ｌｒｉで圧粉成
形した後、圧力２００〜／ｃｒ／ｌ、温度１６００　Ｇ
、保持時間１ｈの条件でホットプレス焼結して複合セラ
ミックスを作製した。得られた複曾セラミックスの特性
は、相対密度９５％、室温時の抵抗率２．．５Ｘ１０−
’Ωｍ、抵抗温度係数（２０〜５００Ｃ）＋１５％／Ｃ
，曲げ強さ２５縁／−であシ、緻密質で機械強匿が大き
く、電気抵抗の小さい導電性に楓れたものでおる。
実ｍ　汐り１２ 実施例１１で得られた導酩１生セラミックスを用いて第
３図に示すようなＵ字形ヒータ（抵抗値０、　Ｉｌ２；
抵抗率４Ｘ１０−”９ｍ）を作製した。このヒータの端
子３．４に直流１２Ｖの電圧を印加した時のヒータ端子
電圧ＶＨ，颯流ＩＨ及びヒータ先端部温度ＴＨを第４図
に示したが、ヒータ先端温度９０ＱＣ”１でか約０．７
秒、１２００Ｇまでが約１秒、１５００Ｃまでが約１．
５秒と１ｌｌ１間的に昇温し、速熱性に優れる。また通
電によシヒータ温度が上昇するにつれて負荷電流が減少
し、いわゆる正の抵抗温度特性を持っておシ、これは熱
暴走によるヒータ溶断などのトラブルを引き起さないた
め特に本発明材上ヒータとして（更１（４する場合に好
ましい特注である。
菫だ本笑弛列になるヒータに直流８　Ｖ？：２秒通゛屯
（この間ヒータ温度は取高１１００Ｇに、産する）−１
０秒間休止（この間強制風冷）を１サイクルとするサイ
クル通屯全１０万サイクル行った汲の抵抗値の変化は全
くあめられす、通電耐久に優れしかも４温から１１００
ｔ：”までの急速か′）断続的加熱に対しても耐久１生
を有する。
〔発明の効果〕
以上、実施例で詳ノホしたように、本発明になる導蹴江
壊会セラミックスは専題材の混仕寸を調整することによ
ｊＤｌｏ”〜１０−６Ωｍの・ＩＩα聞で任意の抵抗率
のものが得られ、また抵抗温度特性が正のものが得られ
るため赤熱大態でも電流暴走（Ｃよる溶断を起さず、さ
らに緻ｖ！Ｉｆ質で機械、慣度が大きく、通電耐久韮び
に耐熱衝撃性にも優れた材料である。
したがって、このような特長をもつ本発明の導を曲セラ
ミックスの用途としては、例えば各種のヒータ以外に１
速熱性を生かしてグロープラグ用ヒータや燃焼ガス点火
用のｔ”４着火器、あるいは灯油気化用バーナ、化学工
業用４惚例えば水処理あるいは透析用１極、尚濫用の成
１犯又は導体などに好適である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
綿１図は本発明のｌ榎であるＡｔｚＯｓ系４４注ｆｊｔ
片セラミックスの抵抗率と４−曲部〃口吻の混合量との
関係を示すグラフ、第２図は上記セラミックスの抵抗温
度特性と添加物混合量との関係を示すグラフ、第３図（
ａ）はヒータの一実ｍｆ？ＩＪを示す平面図、第３図（
ｂ）はその側断面図、第４図は該ヒー０　　　２　　４ 遍電時閘、　ＳｅＣ

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 １　、　ＡｔｚＯｓ単味またはＡＬｚ　Ｏｓ　を９５重
    量％以上宮有するＡｌ　２０　ａ系セラミックス５〜７
    ０重景部と、４喝材としてＺｒＢ２１　　ＺｒＣｒ　Ｚ
    ｒＮ　ｍ　ＴａＢ２ｙＴ　ａ　Ｃｒ　Ｔ　ａＮ＋　Ｔ　
    ＩＢ２　＃　Ｔ　ＩＣ及びＴｉＮの少なくとも１槍以上
    を３０〜９５重量部混合してなる組成物を焼結して得ら
    れる導電性セラミックス。 ２、室温時の電気抵抗率が１Ωα以下で、かつ抵抗温度
    特性が正である特許請求の範囲第１項記載の４蝋・１生
    セラミツクス。
JP57187598A 1982-10-27 1982-10-27 導電性セラミツクス Pending JPS5978973A (ja)

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JP57187598A JPS5978973A (ja) 1982-10-27 1982-10-27 導電性セラミツクス
KR1019830005047A KR840006543A (ko) 1982-10-27 1983-10-25 도전성 세라믹스
DE8383306508T DE3375437D1 (en) 1982-10-27 1983-10-26 Electroconductive ceramics
EP83306508A EP0107511B1 (en) 1982-10-27 1983-10-26 Electroconductive ceramics
US06/546,094 US4528121A (en) 1982-10-27 1983-10-27 Electroconductive ceramics

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57187598A JPS5978973A (ja) 1982-10-27 1982-10-27 導電性セラミツクス

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Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5978973A true JPS5978973A (ja) 1984-05-08

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ID=16208907

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Country Link
US (1) US4528121A (ja)
EP (1) EP0107511B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS5978973A (ja)
KR (1) KR840006543A (ja)
DE (1) DE3375437D1 (ja)

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JPS62158161A (ja) * 1985-12-28 1987-07-14 日本タングステン株式会社 セラミツク発熱素子
JPS62265177A (ja) * 1986-05-14 1987-11-18 日立金属株式会社 導電性サイアロン焼結体およびその製造方法
JPH0745315A (ja) * 1993-07-30 1995-02-14 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 帯電除去用部材
KR100683548B1 (ko) * 1999-05-20 2007-02-15 산드빅 인터렉츄얼 프로퍼티 에이비 전기적 내열 성분
US7414002B2 (en) 2004-11-29 2008-08-19 Kyocera Corporation Aluminum oxide-titanium nitride sintered body, manufacturing method thereof, and magnetic head substrate, ultrasonic motor and dynamic pressure bearing using the same
CN117700236A (zh) * 2023-12-13 2024-03-15 广东工业大学 一种高韧性的ZrN陶瓷及其制备方法和应用

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EP0107511B1 (en) 1988-01-20
EP0107511A1 (en) 1984-05-02

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