MA29871B1 - Composition pharmaceutique concue pour ameliorer la fonction cognitive - Google Patents

Composition pharmaceutique concue pour ameliorer la fonction cognitive

Info

Publication number
MA29871B1
MA29871B1 MA30849A MA30849A MA29871B1 MA 29871 B1 MA29871 B1 MA 29871B1 MA 30849 A MA30849 A MA 30849A MA 30849 A MA30849 A MA 30849A MA 29871 B1 MA29871 B1 MA 29871B1
Authority
MA
Morocco
Prior art keywords
pharmaceutical composition
pharmaceutically acceptable
acceptable salt
cognitive function
improve cognitive
Prior art date
Application number
MA30849A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Allen D Roses
Joanne Heafield
Ann M Saunders
Original Assignee
Sb Pharmco Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=37876831&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=MA29871(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Sb Pharmco Inc filed Critical Sb Pharmco Inc
Publication of MA29871B1 publication Critical patent/MA29871B1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
    • A61K31/427—Thiazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5084—Mixtures of one or more drugs in different galenical forms, at least one of which being granules, microcapsules or (coated) microparticles according to A61K9/16 or A61K9/50, e.g. for obtaining a specific release pattern or for combining different drugs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
    • A61K9/2086—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat
    • A61K9/209—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat containing drug in at least two layers or in the core and in at least one outer layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/92—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving lipids, e.g. cholesterol, lipoproteins, or their receptors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
    • A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/284—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A61K9/2846—Poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2886—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating having two or more different drug-free coatings; Tablets of the type inert core-drug layer-inactive layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
    • A61K9/5078—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings with drug-free core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
    • G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
    • G01N2800/2814—Dementia; Cognitive disorders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
    • G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
    • G01N2800/2814—Dementia; Cognitive disorders
    • G01N2800/2821—Alzheimer

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Composition pharmaceutique pour améliorer la fonction cognitive La présente invention concerne, entre autres, une composition pharmaceutique comprenant à la fois de la rosiglitazone ou un de ses sels pharmaceutiquement acceptables et du donépézil ou un de ses sels pharmaceutiquement acceptables, qui est destinée à être utilisée dans le traitement ou la prophylaxie de la maladie d'Alzheimer ou d'autres démences et de l'altération cognitive bénigne. La présente invention concerne également des formes posologiques orales comprenant de la rosiglitazone ou un de ses sels pharmaceutiquement acceptables et du donépézil ou un de ses sels pharmaceutiquement acceptables.
MA30849A 2005-09-22 2008-04-15 Composition pharmaceutique concue pour ameliorer la fonction cognitive MA29871B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US71935305P 2005-09-22 2005-09-22
US72737705P 2005-10-17 2005-10-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
MA29871B1 true MA29871B1 (fr) 2008-10-03

Family

ID=37876831

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MA30850A MA29872B1 (fr) 2005-09-22 2008-04-15 Procede d'amelioration de la fonction cognitive
MA30849A MA29871B1 (fr) 2005-09-22 2008-04-15 Composition pharmaceutique concue pour ameliorer la fonction cognitive

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MA30850A MA29872B1 (fr) 2005-09-22 2008-04-15 Procede d'amelioration de la fonction cognitive

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (2) US20080262047A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1926488A2 (fr)
JP (2) JP2009508960A (fr)
KR (2) KR20080058413A (fr)
AR (2) AR056527A1 (fr)
AU (2) AU2006295007A1 (fr)
BR (2) BRPI0616192A2 (fr)
CA (2) CA2623210A1 (fr)
CR (2) CR9848A (fr)
EA (2) EA200800879A1 (fr)
IL (2) IL190217A0 (fr)
MA (2) MA29872B1 (fr)
NO (2) NO20081843L (fr)
PE (2) PE20070976A1 (fr)
TW (2) TW200803896A (fr)
WO (2) WO2007038112A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2066355A2 (fr) * 2006-09-19 2009-06-10 Braincells, Inc. Combinaison comprenant un agent ppar et un deuxième agent neurogène pour le traitement d'une maladie du système nerveux central, pour augmenter la différentiation neuronale et pour augmenter la neurogenèse
IL187159A0 (en) 2007-07-03 2009-02-11 Gur Megiddo Use of metadoxine in relief of alcohol intoxication
WO2009043593A1 (fr) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-09 Merz Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Thérapie de combinaison utilisant la mémantine et les glitazones
EP2085120A1 (fr) * 2008-02-01 2009-08-05 Merz Pharma GmbH & Co. KGaA Utilisation de substances pour le traitement d'une déficience de récepteur d'insuline périphérique ou central et résistance à l'insuline
KR20160127181A (ko) 2008-08-12 2016-11-02 진판델 파마슈티컬스 인코포레이티드 질환 위험 인자의 식별 방법
US8846315B2 (en) 2008-08-12 2014-09-30 Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Disease risk factors and methods of use
US20100152249A1 (en) * 2008-12-11 2010-06-17 Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Compositons and method for treatment of mood and cognitive impairments
NZ597319A (en) * 2009-06-25 2014-06-27 Alcobra Ltd A method for the treatment, alleviation of symptoms of, relieving, improving and preventing a cognitive disease, disorder or condition
US20100178307A1 (en) * 2010-01-13 2010-07-15 Jianye Wen Transdermal anti-dementia active agent formulations and methods for using the same
WO2012053016A1 (fr) * 2010-10-22 2012-04-26 Cadila Healthcare Limited Compositions pharmaceutiques de donépézil à libération prolongée
CN107362165A (zh) 2011-01-10 2017-11-21 金帆德尔制药股份有限公司 用于治疗阿尔茨海默病的方法和药物产品
BR112013017444A2 (pt) * 2011-01-10 2016-09-27 Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals Inc método de determinar o risco para o desenvolvimento da doença de alzheimer em um indivíduo, de tratar um indivíduo para a doença de alzheimer e de determinar um risco para desenvolver a doença de alzheimer em um paciente
AP2014007645A0 (en) 2011-10-21 2014-05-31 Takeda Pharmaceutical Sustained-release preparation
CA2853100A1 (fr) * 2011-10-24 2013-05-02 Intellect Neurosciences, Inc. Compositions et methodes de traitement de proteinopathies
US20160113913A1 (en) * 2013-04-19 2016-04-28 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Controlled-release drug formulation
JP6961694B2 (ja) * 2016-07-26 2021-11-05 オージオ・ファーマシューティカルズ，リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー Ｓ−エコールを用いてアルツハイマー病を診断するおよび治療する方法
US20180153859A1 (en) * 2016-12-02 2018-06-07 T3D Therapeutics, Inc. Methods of treating or preventing cognitive impairment using indane acetic acid derivatives based on apoe4 genotype
KR102142026B1 (ko) * 2017-05-31 2020-08-06 주식회사 대웅제약 방출제어가 용이한 서방성 약물 미립자의 제조방법
KR102224917B1 (ko) 2018-03-20 2021-03-09 (주)인벤티지랩 인지 장애 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물의 제조 방법 및 이의 제조 방법으로 제조된 인지 장애 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물
US12303604B1 (en) 2024-10-16 2025-05-20 Currax Pharmaceuticals Llc Pharmaceutical formulations comprising naltrexone and/or bupropion

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2142300C (fr) * 1992-10-13 2005-08-23 Allen D. Roses Methode de depistage de la maladie d'alzheimer
US6191154B1 (en) * 1998-11-27 2001-02-20 Case Western Reserve University Compositions and methods for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system injury, and inflammatory diseases
ATE476978T1 (de) * 1998-12-17 2010-08-15 Mindset Biopharmaceuticals Usa Verbesserung der geistigen fähigkeiten durch die steigerung der insulin-empfindlichkeit des gehirns
WO2005074917A1 (fr) * 2004-01-30 2005-08-18 Axonyx, Inc. Methodes de traitement de complications du diabete

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CR9849A (es) 2008-05-21
CR9848A (es) 2008-06-18
JP2009508960A (ja) 2009-03-05
MA29872B1 (fr) 2008-10-03
PE20070618A1 (es) 2007-07-04
AR056527A1 (es) 2007-10-10
US20080262047A1 (en) 2008-10-23
IL190224A0 (en) 2008-11-03
WO2007038115A2 (fr) 2007-04-05
WO2007038112A3 (fr) 2007-12-06
IL190217A0 (en) 2008-11-03
CA2623204A1 (fr) 2007-04-05
EA200800879A1 (ru) 2008-10-30
KR20080056731A (ko) 2008-06-23
KR20080058413A (ko) 2008-06-25
TW200803896A (en) 2008-01-16
BRPI0616192A2 (pt) 2011-06-14
NO20081843L (no) 2008-06-16
TW200803851A (en) 2008-01-16
AR055649A1 (es) 2007-08-29
AU2006295007A1 (en) 2007-04-05
EP1926488A2 (fr) 2008-06-04
PE20070976A1 (es) 2007-12-05
EA200800880A1 (ru) 2009-02-27
AU2006295010A1 (en) 2007-04-05
BRPI0616100A2 (pt) 2011-06-07
WO2007038112A2 (fr) 2007-04-05
NO20081847L (no) 2008-06-18
EP1940403A2 (fr) 2008-07-09
WO2007038115A3 (fr) 2007-12-13
US20080226719A1 (en) 2008-09-18
JP2009508959A (ja) 2009-03-05
CA2623210A1 (fr) 2007-04-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1673078A4 (fr) Inhibiteurs de type benzylether et benzylamino de beta-secretase pour le traitement de la maladie d'alzheimer
EP1562897A4 (fr) Inhibiteurs de beta-secretase phenylcarboxamide utilises dans le traitement de la maladie d'alzheimer
TN2009000059A1 (fr) Formes de dosage pharmaceutiques orales anti-manipulation contenant un analgesique opioide
WO2005004802A3 (fr) Inhibiteurs de la beta-secretase a base de n-alkyle phenylcarboxamide pour le traitement de la maladie d'alzheimer
NO20081843L (no) Farmasoytisk sammensetning for forbedret kognitiv funksjon
WO2005004803A3 (fr) Inhibiteurs de la beta-secretase de phenylcarboxylate destines au traitement de la maladie d'alzheimer
TNSN00036A1 (fr) Acides oxamiques nouveaux, procede pour leur preparation et compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant.
CA2433585A1 (fr) Compositions pharmaceutiques contenant du chlorhydrate de donepezil
EP1651195A4 (fr) Procedes pharmaceutiques, posologies et formes posologiques pour le traitement de la maladie d'alzheimer
WO2004062625A3 (fr) Inhibiteurs de beta-secretase macrocyclique pour traiter la maladie d'alzheimer
MA33920B1 (fr) Modulateurs allosteriques positifs du recepteur m1 a base de quinolinamide
EP1841426A4 (fr) Carbinamines tertiaires incluant des heterocycles substitues, agissant en tant qu'inhibiteurs de la beta-secretase et utilisees dans le traitement de la maladie d'alzheimer
MA29451B1 (fr) Association entre la ferroquine et un derive d'artemisinine pour le traitement du paludisme
MA29169B1 (fr) Formulations intraveineuses d'inhibiteurs de la pde-5
MA29273B1 (fr) Combinaison synergique de xolair/omalizumab/e25 et d'un agent immunosuppresseur
WO2005018545A3 (fr) Inhibiteurs macrocycliques de la beta-secretase destines au traitement de la maladie d'alzheimer
HUP0400732A2 (hu) Gyógyászatilag hatékony uridin-észterek
RU2010138638A (ru) Новые применения 4-фенилбутирата натрия (4фб) и его фармацевтически приемлемых солей
MA27097A1 (fr) Aza-arylpiperazines
TNSN99155A1 (fr) 1-aryl-3-arylmethyl-1,8-naphtyridine-4(1h)-ones nouvelles, procede pour leur preparation et compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant
MA30413B1 (fr) Nouvelles compositions pharmaceutiques faiblement dosees contenant du nimesulide, leur preparation et utilisation
TNSN00235A1 (fr) Derives d'heterocyclo-alkylsulfonylpyrazole nouveaux, procede pour leur preparation et compositions les contenant
MA30779B1 (fr) Comprimes pediatriques de capecitabine
WO2004064869A3 (fr) Agent de chelation metallique, a liaison amyloide
TNSN98157A1 (fr) 2-aminopyridines alkoxy-substituees nouvelles, compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant et procede pour leur preparation