RS59902B1 - Derivati 5-((halofenil)-3-halo-piridin-2-il)-nitrila kao intermedijari u pripremi derivata [(5-(halofenil)-3-hidroksipiridin-2-karbonil)-amino] alkanske kiseline - Google Patents

Derivati 5-((halofenil)-3-halo-piridin-2-il)-nitrila kao intermedijari u pripremi derivata [(5-(halofenil)-3-hidroksipiridin-2-karbonil)-amino] alkanske kiseline

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RS59902B1
RS59902B1 RS20200130A RSP20200130A RS59902B1 RS 59902 B1 RS59902 B1 RS 59902B1 RS 20200130 A RS20200130 A RS 20200130A RS P20200130 A RSP20200130 A RS P20200130A RS 59902 B1 RS59902 B1 RS 59902B1
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concrete
foam concrete
mass
foam
light
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RS20200130A
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Christopher M Lanthier
Boris Gorin
Jan Oudenes
Craig Edward Dixon
Alan Qingbo Lu
James Densmore Copp
John Michael Janusz
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Akebia Therapeutics Inc
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Publication of RS59902B1 publication Critical patent/RS59902B1/sr

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Description

Postupak za dobijanje lakih ekoloških peno betona
Oblast tehnike
Predmet pronalaska pripada, uopšteno posmatrano u oblast građevinarstva, odnosno u oblast tehnologije proizvodnje građevinskih materijala. Prema međunarodnoj klasifikaciji patenata (MKP) predmet pronalaska je označen klasifikacionim simbolima C 04 B 16/00; 28/04; 28/22, E 04 C 1/00; 2/10.
Tehnički problem
Tehnički problem koji se rešava predmetnim pronalaskom sastoji se u sledećem : kako proizvesti laki betonski blok (mase manje od 850 kg/nr3), zadovoljavajuće nosivosti (najmanje 2,5 Mpa), uz uslov da zadovolji i najstrože ekološke normative, da bude termoizolacion i jeftin i da tehnoloigija proizvodnje bude jednostavna.
Stanje tehnike
Danas se u svetu proizvodi više vrsta lakih betona između ostalog i laki betoni na bazi pene koja se dobij a pomoću specijalnih kompresor mašina, od tečne organske mase koja se uz pomoć komprimiranog vazduha pretvara u stabilnu penu. Pena je organska materija koja stvara stabilan pomi sistem u svežem betonu i koja usporava procese hidratacije cementa i očvršćavanje betona. Betoni proizvedeni na takav način nemaju zadovoljavajuću čvrstoću (čvrstoća ne bi smela biti manja od 2,5 MPa), odnosno takvi betoni ne mogu se proizvesti samo na bazi cementa, pene, peska i vode. Umesto peska treba dodati neki aktivni dodatak kao što je elektrofiltarski pepeo ili zgura. Tako spravljena masa se ostavlje nekoliko časova u komorama za zaparivanje ili u autoklavima, pomoću kojih ubrzano dobijamo zahtevanu čvrstoću. Takav beton može zadovoljiti zahtevane parametre ali ne i ekološki zahtev upravo zato što elektrofiltarski pepeo i zgura predstavljaju "prljave" materijale. Tehnologija zaparivanja ili autoklaviranja znatno poskupljuje takve betone.
Postoji i tehnologija proizvodnje gas betona, poznatih pod komercijalnim nazivom siporex ili itong na bazi aluminijum praha, cemeta, hidratisanog kreča i kvarcnoig peska uz mogućnost dodavanja i "prljavih" matrrtijala kao što su zgura ili elektrofiltarski pepo. Očvršćavanje gas betona ostvaruje se u autoklavima, koji znatno poskupljuju proizvodnju.. Ovakav beton, naravno, apsolutno ne -zadovoljava ekološke normative, već samom činjenicom da se proizvodi na bazi alumunijum praha.
Izlaganje suštine pronalaska
U cilju obezbeđenja svih uslova (ekološki normativi, nosivost minimum 2,5 Mpa, mala zapreminska masa, mala proizvodna cena) ekološki peno betoni moraju se proizvoditi na način drugačiji od načina proizvodnje opisanog u odeljku: stanje tehnike. Hemijski inertan pesak većim delom zamenjujemo sa hemijski aktivnom i ekološki podobnom pečenom mlevenom glinom krupnoće manje od 2,0 mm. Cement kao vezivo, da bi zadovoljio i ekološke normative mora biti čisti portland cement bez "prljavih" dodataka zgure ili elektrofiltarskog pepela. Čisti portland cement će imati i veću hemijsku aktivnost što će rezultirati bržim očvršćavanjem. Po ovoj novoj tehnologiji proizvodnje ekološkog peno betona koristili bi se sledeći sastojci :
• čisti portland cement
• pečena mlevena glina frakcije manje od 2 mm
• kvarcni pesak
• hidratisani kreč
• pena organskog porekla
• voda
Navedene komponente se mešaju u mešalicama sa prisilnim mešanjem. Pena se dobija tako što se poznata organska tečna materija razređuje vodom i propušta kroz specijalnu mašinu koja pomoću komprimiranog vazduzha pretvara organsku tečnu materiju u belu penu koja je stabilna u svežem betonu stvarajući porni sistem, dok ne počne vezivanje i očvršćavanje. Sveža penobetonska mešavina je tečne konzistencije i ona se do mesta ugradnje mora transportovati isključivo pumpom. Segregacija se ne srne dozvoliti, te se zbog toga izlazni deo pumpe uvek uranja u svežu betonsku mešavinu. Ubrzano očvšćavanje u komorama ili autoklavima se može izvoditi u cilju ubrzavanja procesa proizvodnje.
Kratak opis slika nacrta
• Slika 1. prikazuje aksonometrijski izgled prizmatičnog ekološkog bloka od penobetona za zidanje i oblaganje sa šupljinom na levoj polovini bloka koja služi za armiranje i
betoniranje i vođenje instalacija po vertikali
• Slika 2. prikazuje aksonometrijksi izgled prizmatičnog ekološkog bloka od penobetona za zidanje ili oblaganje • Slika 3 prikazuje položaj blokova za zidanje i oblaganje od penobetona, prikazanih na slici 1. i slici 2. u osnovi zida
Detaljan opis pronalaska
Laki ekološki peno betoni (1) proizvode se od ekološki čistih komponenti, a to su: čisti Portland cement, pečena mlevena glina krupnoće manje od 2 mm, kvarcni pesak krupnoće manje od 2mm, pena organskog porekla, hidratisani kreč Ca(OH)2i pijaća voda.
Cement kao vezivni materijal mora biti čisti bez prisustva "prljavih'dodataka tipa elektrofiltarski pepeo ili zgura iz razloga ekologije. Drugi razlog primene čistog Portland cementa je brzina očvršćavanja ekološkog peno betona obziroim da pena nepovoljno i usporavajuće deluje na taj proces.
Pečena mlevena glina krupnoće manje od 2 mm se koristti zbog ekološke podobnosti i hemijske aktivnosti. Ona nije inertan materijal, već oksidi iz pečene mlevene gline (Si02. ALO3 i Fe203) stupaju u hemijske reakcije sa Ca(OH)2koji se stvara hidratacijom cementa, donosno koji se direktno dodaje kao hidratisani kreč u mešalicu u količini5%u odnosu na masu cementa. Tako dolazi do stvaranja stabilnih jedinjenja hidrosilikata, hidroaluminata i hidroferita kalcijuma. Ove reakcije se posebno intenziviraju u uslovima zaparivanja, odnosno u uslovima autoklaviranja, gde se hemijski aktivira i kvare (Si02) iz kvarenog peska. Hidratisani kreč se dozira i zbog dezinfekcije lakog ekološkog peno betona (1) koji je pogodan za razvoj mikroorganizama.
Pena je organskog porekla bez ekoloških nedostataka i ona se dobija tako što se već poznata organska materija razređuje vodom i propušta kroz specijalnu mašinu gde se pomoću komprimovanog vazduha razređena organska materija pretvara u belu penu koja je stabilna, odnosno zadržava datu formu u obliku mehurića raspoređenih prisilnim mešanjem u mešalici u svežem betonu sve dok ne otpočne vezivanje i očvršćavanje peno betona.
Budući da se radi o vrlo lakim i poroznim betonima tehnologija mešanja komponenata mora se obavljati u mešalicama sa prisilnim mešanjem. Transport svežeg lakog ekološkog peno betona (1) od mešalice do mesta ugradnje (kalupa) mora se obavljati pomoću pumpe vodeći računa da sveža betonska masa ne pada gravitaciono u usisni koš pumpe i da izlazni deo pumpe uvek bude uronjen u beton kako bi na taj način izbegli mogućnost segregacije.
Segregacija bi proizvela niz nepovoljnih efekata, a pre svega gubitak mehaničkih karakteristika, jer bi u gornjim slojevima imali mnogo veću poroznost koja bi prouzrokovala gubitak nosivosti i pri mnogo manjim opterećenjima.
Vibriranje ili bilo kakvo drugo potresanje nije dozvoljeno.
Projektovanje mešavine lakog ekološkog penobetona (1) sprovodi se tako što nam unapred moraju biti poznate zapreminske mase (7) i specifične mase (7S) pojedinih komponenti. Isto tako mora nam biti poznata veličina upijanja (u) odnosno trenutna vlažnost (H%) pečene mlevene gline i kvarcnog peska.
Naime, mi projektujemo mešavinu za unapred tačno zahtevanu određenu zapreminsku masu u suvom stanju lakog ekološkog peno betona (1).
U tekstu koji sledi dati su nazivi i oznake mernih jedinica i veličine komponenmata lakog ekološkog peno betona (1).
mv= o,5 x mc+ 0,5 x mhk+ U x mag - masa vode uvećana za veličinu upijanja u - upijanje mlevene pečene gline
mv<*>= mv- Hag x n^g- Hapx map - masa korigovane vode koja se dozira u mešalicu Hag - trenutna vlažnost pečene mlevene gline u %
Hap - trenutna vlažnost kvarcnog peska u %
mag<*>= mag+ Hag x niag - korigovana masa mlevene pečene gline koja se dozira u mešalicu map<*>= map+ Hap x rriap - korigovana masa kvarcnog peska koji se dozira u mešalicu
7sku kg/m<3>specifična masa kreča
Zapremina svežeg lakog ekološkog peno betona (1) :
Ili zapisano na drugi način : Unapred zadajemo sve mase, tako da izračunavamo nepoznatu zapreminu pene
Uzimamo konkretan primer izračunavanja zapremine pene ako su poznate mase pojedinih komponenata : Predpostavljamo upijanje mlevene pečene gline u = 16,9 %
Voda koja se nalazi u zapremini između komponenata iznosi 0,5 x mc+ o,5 x mahk. Preostali deo vode je upijen u mlevenu pečenu glinu.
Sada možemo direktno izračunati zapreminu pene prema (2.0)
Kada su nam poznate mase pojedinih komponenata i zapremina pene, odmeravamo u sabirni koš masu cementa 350 kg/m3, masu mlevene pečene gline 230 kg/m<3>u suvom stanju, odnosno korigovanu masu, ukoliko je vlažna mlevena pečena glina. Masa kvarcnog peska u suvom stanju 200 kg i masa hidratisanog kreča od 17,5 kg/m<3>. Sve ove komponente se istresaju u mešalicu sa prisilnim mešanjem u koju je prethodno već dozirana voda ukupne mase 222,62 kg/m<3>, odnosno korigovana voda ukoliko su vlažni mlevena pečena glina, odnosno kvarcni pesak.
Nakon mešanja u trajanju od 1 minute u mešalicu se dozira pena u zapremini od 495 litara. Masa svežeg lakog ekološkog penobetona (1) bez potresanja se ispušta u sabirni koš pumpe koja kroz cevni sistem prisilno transportuje do kalupa (oblikovanih za proizvodnju blokova) i sipa u njih bez potresanja tako da je kraj pumpe uvek uronjen u sveži beton. Osnovni prozivod na bazi lakog ekološkog peno betona(l) bio bi laki prizmatični blok za zidanje (2) sa jednom vertikalnom šupljinom (3) prema slici 1. koja je centrirana na levoj polovini najveće donje osnove (4) i proteže se vertikalno do gornje osnove (5). Šupljina (3) služi za armiranje, betoniranje i vođenje instalacija kanalizacije, vode i struje. Postoje i prizmatični laki blokovi punog preseka (6) za zidanje, prema slici 2..
Blokovi za zidanje (2) i (6) od lakog ekološkog peno betona (1) neguju se polivanjem vodom u periodu prvih šest dana, dok se vađenje iz kalupa vrši nakon 20 časova. Ukoliko želimo ubrzati proces proizvodnje i očvršćavanja lakog ekološkog peno betona (1), tada se kalupi sa blokovima za zidanje (2) i (6) stavljaju u komoru sa povišenom temperaturom (80° C) i vlažnošću većom od 96% u trajanju od 14 časova. Moguće je blokove za zidanje (2) i (6) nakon vađenja iz kalupa po isteku 20 časova postaviti u autoklav u trajanju od 10 časova na povišenu temperaturu od 120°C, povišeni pritisak od 8 bara i povišenu vlažnost od najmanje 96%.
Prednosti lakog ekološkog penobetona (1) pred sličnim rešenjima lakih betona na bazi pene je prvenstveno u njegovim ekološkim karakterisitkama.
Primena lakog ekološkog peno betona (1) u obliku blokova za zidanje (2) i (6) na bazi toga betona se prepuručuje naročito za izgradnju stambenih objekata upravo zbog njegovih ekoloških karakteristika.
Način industrijske ili druge primene pronalaska
Laki ekološki peno beton (1) i blokovi za zidanje (2) i (6) na bazi tog betona mogu se proizvoditi u industrijskim uslovima masovne proizvodnje kako je to opisano u detaljnom opisu pronalaska.
Pronalazak se koristi u građevinskoj industriji kod izgradnje gotovo svih vrsta objekata koji se grade zidanjem ili oblaganjem.

Claims (4)

1. Postupak za dobijanje lakih ekoloških peno betona (1) se sastoji od mešanja ekološki podobnih komponenata: čistog portland cementa kao veziva, agregata: pečene mlevene gline i kvarcnog peska, hidratisanog kreča, vode i pene, naznačen time, što se u mešalicu sa prisilnim mešanjem prema navedenom primeru postupka proračuna uz uslov potpuno suvog agregata mlevene pečene gline i kvarcnog peska odmerava i dozira masa vode od 222,62 kg/m<3>, a zatim i masa čistog portland cementa od 350 kg/m<3>i komponente agregata pečene mlevene gline frakcije do 2 mm ukupne mase 230 kg/m<3>i kvarcnog peska frakcije do 2 mm ukupne mase 200 kg/m<3>i hidratisani kreč ukupne mase 17,5 kg/m<3>kao i pene bele boje organskog porekla koja zadržava penastu formu u obliku mehurića u ukupnoj zaprem ini 495 litata uz ukupno vreme mešanja od tri do pet minuta nakon čega se sveža masa lakog ekološkog peno betona (1) ispušta bez potresanja i udara u sabirni koš pumpe za beton koja sveži laki ekološki peno beton (1) transportuje cevnim sistemom do kalupa gde se ispušta bez potresanja i vibriranja tako da se izlazni kraj pumpe uroni u beton koji se ispušta formirajući u kalupu dati oblik proizvoda koji se neguje polivanjem vodom u trajanju od šest dana.
2. Laki ekološki peno beton (1) dobijen prema postupku opisanom u patentnom zahtevu 1., može se postaviti u uslove zaparivanja, naznačen time, da se kalupi za izradu proizvoda zahtevanog oblika nalaze u komori sa povišenom temperaturom 80°C i povišenom vlažnosti više od 96% i u njih se sipa sveži laki ekološki penobeton (1) gde ubrzano očvršćava u trajanju od 15 časova.
3. Laki ekološki penobeton (1) dobijen prema postupku opisanom u patentnom zahtevu 1. može se postaviti neposredno nakon vađenja iz kalupa u uslove autoklava, naznačen time, da se proizvodi određenog oblika na bazi lakog ekološkog peno betona (1) izvade iz kalupa i postave u uslove povišene temperature od 120°C, povišene vlažnosti veće od 96% i uslove povišenog pritiska 8 bara u trajanju od 10 časova.
4. Laki blok za zidanje (2) sa šupljinom (3) proizveden na bazi lakog ekološkog peno betona (1), prema patentnom zahtevu 1., naznačen time, daje laki blok za zidanje (2) prizmatičnog oblika tako konstruisan da se u levoj polovini bloka (2) strogo centrično nalazi šupljina (3) koja se prostire upravo od donje osnove (4) prema gornjoj osnovi (5), prema slici 1.
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