RS62297B1 - Prirodne kombinovane hormonske supstitucione formulacije i terapije - Google Patents
Prirodne kombinovane hormonske supstitucione formulacije i terapijeInfo
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Description
Opis
OSNOV PRONALASKA
Oblast
[0001] Ovaj prikaz se odnosi na prirodne supstitucione terapije estrogenom i progesteronom, pri čemu su obezbeđene formulacije za estradiol i progesteron, posebno i u kombinaciji, za žene u pre-menopauzi, peri-menopauzi, menopauzi ili postmenopauzi, u vezi sa lečenjem stanja sa nedostatkom estrogena i stanja sa nedostatkom progesterona, koja su definisana u tekstu koji sledi.
Razmatranje relevantnog stanja tehnike
[0002] Hormonska supstituciona terapija (HST) je medicinski tretman koji obuhvata upotrebu jednog, ili više lekova, iz grupe lekova koji su dizajnirani tako da povećavaju nivoe hormona kod žena kojima nedostaje adekvatna proizvodnja hormona. HST može da ublaži i spreči simptome uzrokovane smanjenjem hormona estrogena i progesterona u cirkulaciji, bez obzira na to da li je subjekt u pre-menopauze, peri-menopauzi, menopauzi ili postmenopauzi. Međutim, tokom svakog od stadijuma progresije menopauze, mogu da postoje specifična stanja bolesti.
[0003] HST je trenutno dostupna u različitim oblicima. Jedna terapija uključuje primenu niskih doza jednog ili više estrogena. Druga uključuje primenu progesterona ili hemijskog analoga koji se zove progestin. Primena progesterona deluje, osim toga što leči druge bolesti, tako što ublažava izvesna neželjene sporedne efekte, na primer, hiperplaziju endometrijuma (zadebljavanje), čime se smanjuje učestalost kancera endometrijuma.
[0004] Vreme kada se doza primenjuje često ciklično varira. pri čemu se estrogeni uzimaju svakodnevno, a progesteron tokom približno dve nedelje svakog meseca, pri čemu se ovaj postupak često označava kao "ciklično-sekvencijalna" ili "sekvencijalno-kombinovana HST." Predviđeno je da ovaj postupak podražava prirodni menstrualni ciklus i uobičajeno izaziva menstruaciju slično kao i kod ciklusa kada se zaustavi progesteron. Ovaj režim se najčešće koristi kod žena koje su u peri-menopauzi ili su nedavno ušle u menopauzu, pošto alternativni kontinuirani postupak često dovodi do neredovnog krvarenja kod tih žena. Alternativni postupak, konstantno doziranje estrogenom i progesteronom koji se uzimaju svakodnevno, zove se "kontinuirano-kombinovana HST." Ovaj postupak obično dovodi do izostanka menstruacije i najčešće se koristi kada je žena već neko vreme u menopauzi.
[0005] Estrogen, u svojim različitim oblicima, i progesteron u svojim različitim oblicima, koriste se u HST u vidu niza različitih oblika doziranja, uključujući, na primer, tablete, kapsule i flastere.
[0006] "Bioidentični" hormoni, po hemijskoj strukturi identični sa hormonima koje ljudsko telo prirodno proizvodi, mogu da se koriste, i često se označavaju kao prirodna hormonska supstituciona terapija, ili PHST.
[0007] Ovi prirodni ili bioidentični hormoni formulisani su od različitih sastojaka, tako da odgovaraju hemijskoj strukturi i dejstvu estradiola, estrona ili estriola (3 primarna estrogena) kao i progesterona koji se prirodno javlja u ljudskom telu (endogeni).
[0008] Trenutno je bioidentični estradiol dostupan i u vidu registrovanih, i u vidu generičkih verzija koje je odobrila FDA. Bioidentični progesteron za HST, odobren od strane FDA, dostupan je kao registrovan samostalni lek koji je na tržištu prisutan kao Prometrium® (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois), pri čemu je generička verzija odobrena od strane pronalazača, a generičke proizvode obezbeđuju Teva (Izrael) i Sofgen Americas, Inc. (Njujork). Drugi proizvodi kao što su Prempro® i Premphase® (Wyeth Laboratories, odeljenje Pfizer, Inc., Njujork) obezbeđuju i kontinuirano-kombinovane i ciklično sekvencijalne proizvode koji sadrže Premarin (estrogen dobijen iz urina kobila) i sintetički medroksiprogesteron acetat. Dostupni su i drugi proizvodi. Međutim, na tržištu u ovom trenutku ne postoji proizvod, odobren od strane FDA; sa kombinacijom bioidentičnog estradiola i bioidentičnog progesterona.
KRATAK PREGLED PRONALASKA
[0009] U skladu sa pronalaskom je obezbeđena farmaceutska kompozicija koja sadrži solubilizovani estradiol, mikronizovani i delimično solubilizovani progesteron, i sredstvo za solubilizaciju, pri čemu je sredstvo za solubilizaciju C6-C12 ulje izabrano od monoglicerida C6-C12 masnih kiselina, diglicerida C6-C12 masnih kiselina, i njihovih kombinacija; a estradiol i progesteron su prisutni u sredstvu za solubilizaciju.
[0010] U skladu sa različitim primerima izvođenja prema prikazu, obezbeđene su prirodne hormonske supstitucione terapije koje obuhvataju ciklično/sekvencijalno i kontinuiranokombinovano isporučivanje putem farmaceutskih formulacija solubilizovanog estradiola i mikronizovanog i/ili delimično ili potpuno solubilizovanog progesterona. Estradiol i mikronizovani i/ili delimično ili potpuno solubilizovani progesteron, kada se zajedno isporučuju svakog dana, mogu da se kombinuju ili u jednoj jediničnoj dozi ili u odvojenim jediničnim dozama, tipično u mekoj kapsuli. Kapsule za režim u trajanju od 28 dana ili mesec dana mogu da budu upakovane u jedan blister sa naznačenim danima za isporučivanje kako bi se pospešilo pridržavanje pacijenta režimu lečenja. Različiti primeri formulacija prirodnih hormona i upotreba ovih formulacija za hormonske supstitucione terapije, obe u skladu sa pronalaskom, izložene su u nastavku teksta.
KRATAK OPIS CRTEŽA/SLIKA
[0011] Prateći crteži, koji su inkorporirani u ovaj dokument, i obrazuju deo specifikacije, ilustruju predmetni prikaz i zajedno sa opisom, dalje služe tome da se objasne principi prikaza i da se stručnjaku u odnosnoj oblasti omogući da pravi i koristi prikazane primere izvođenja.
SL. 1 ilustruje tipičan postupak proizvodnje materijala za punjenje, u skladu sa različitim primerima izvođenja;
SL. 2 ilustruje tipičan postupak proizvodnje materijala od mekog želatina, skladu sa različitim primerima izvođenja;
SL. 3 ilustruje tipičan postupak proizvodnje u skladu sa različitim primerima izvođenja; i SL. 4 ilustruje grafikon distribucije čestica koja je dobijena u primeru 11.
DETALJAN OPIS ILUSTROVANIH PRIMERA IZVOĐENJA
[0012] Često su neophodne više preporučene oralne doze farmaceutskih jedinjenja da bi dato stanje bolesti moglo da se leči, zbog toga što se brojni aktivni sastojci ne apsorbuju u potpunosti kod pacijenta kome je lečenje potrebno. Drugim rečima, oblik doziranja sa boljom apsorpcijom nekog leka, kao što je, na primer, progesteron, ili oblike doziranja koji obezbeđuju veću stalnost apsorpcije progesterona kod različitih subjekata, samog ili u kombinaciji sa estradiolom, moguće je primenjivati u dozama koje su niže jačine od trenutno preporučenih, što može, između ostalih potencijalnih prednosti, da dovede do profila sa smanjenim ili minimalnim nuspojavama.
DEFINICIJE
[0013] Izraz "mikronizovani progesteron," kako se ovde koristi, uključuje mikronizovani progesteron koji ima vrednost veličine X50 čestica nižu od oko 15 mikrona i/ili ima vrednost veličine X90 čestica nižu od oko 25 mikrona.
[0014] Izraz "X50," kako se ovde koristi, znači da je jedna polovina čestica u uzorku manjeg prečnika od nekog datog broja. Na primer, mikronizovani progesteron koji ima X50 od 5 mikrona podrazumeva da za dati uzorak mikronizovanog progesterona jedna polovina čestica ima prečnik manji od 5 mikrona. Slično, izraz "X90" znači da devedeset procenata (90%) čestica u uzorku ima manji prečnik od nekog datog broja.
[0015] Izraz "lanac srednje dužine," kako se ovde koristi, označava bilo koju supstancu sa lancem srednje dužine koja sadrži ugljenik, uključujući C4-C18, i uključujući C6-C12supstance, estre glicerola i masnih kiselina, masne kiseline i monogliceride, digliceride ili trigliceride ovih supstanci.
[0016] Izraz "uniformna distribucija" označava najmanje jedno od uniformnog dispergovanja, solubilizacije ili odsustva aglomeracija progesterona u testu rastvaranja, u poređenju sa preparatom Prometrium pri sličnoj doznoj jačini i sa istim USP aparatom za rastvaranje.
[0017] Izraz "bioraspoloživost", kako se ovde koristi, označava koncentraciju aktivnog sastojka (npr., progesterona ili estradiola ili estrona) u krvi (serumu ili plazmi). Relativna bioraspoloživost može da se meri kao koncentracija u krvi (serumu ili plazmi) tokom vremena. Drugi farmakokinetički (pK) pokazatelji mogu da se koriste za merenje i procenu bioraspoloživosti, što se određuje pogodnim merama, uključujući AUC, Cmax, i, opciono, Tmax.
[0018] Izraz "AUC," kako se ovde koristi, odnosi se na površinu ispod krive koja predstavlja promene koncentracije progesterona, estradiola ili estrona u krvi, tokom vremena.
[0019] Izraz, "Cmax" kako se ovde koristi, odnosi se na maksimalnu vrednost koncentracije u krvi, prikazane na krivoj koja predstavlja promene koncentracije progesterona, estradiola ili estrona u krvi tokom vremena.
[0020] Izraz, "Tmax" kako se ovde koristi, odnosi se na vreme koje je potrebno da koncentracija progesterona, estradiola ili estrona u krvi dostigne maksimalnu vrednost.
[0021] Zbirno AUC, Cmax, i izborno, Tmaxsu glavni farmakokinetički parametri koji mogu da karakterišu farmakokinetičke odgovore određenog leka kao što je progesteron kod subjekta koji je životinja ili čovek.
[0022] Izraz "sredstvo za solubilizaciju," kako se ovde koristi, označava bilo koju supstancu ili smešu supstance koja može da se koristi za pospešivanje solubilnosti estradiola, uključujući, na primer i bez ograničenja, odgovarajuće farmaceutski prihvatljive ekscipijense, kao što su rastvarači, ko-rastvarači, surfaktanti, emulgatori, ulja i nosači.
[0023] Izraz "ekscipijensi" kako se ovde koristi, odnosi se na supstance koje su neaktivni farmaceutski sastojci ("API") kao što su nosači, rastvarači ulja, lubrikanti i drugi koji se koriste u formulisanju farmaceutskih proizvoda. Oni su u principu bezbedni za primenu kod životinja, uključujući ljude, u skladu sa ustanovljenim državnim standardima, uključujući one koje je objavila Uprava za hranu i lekove Sjedinjenih Država.
[0024] Izraz "ulje", kako se ovde koristi, može da bude bilo koja farmaceutski prihvatljiva supstanca, izuzev ulja od kikirikija, koja bi suspendovala i/ili solubilizovala bilo koji pogodan progesteron, polazni materijal ili prekursor, uključujući mikronizovani progesteron, kao što je ovde opisano. Specifičnije, ulja mogu da uključuju, na primer, i bez ograničenja, masne kiseline sa lancem srednje dužine, u principu iz grupe poznate kao masne kiseline sa lancem srednje dužine, koje se sastoje od najmanje jednog monoglicerida, diglicerida, i triglicerida, ili njihovih derivata, ili njihovih kombinacija.
[0025] "Potpuno solubilizovani progesteron", kako se ovde koristi, označava progesteron koji je oko 100% u rastvoru.
[0026] "Parcijalno solubilizovani progesteron", kako se ovde koristi, označava progesteron koji se nalazi u bilo kom stanju solubilizacije, do, ali ne i uključujući, oko 100%.
OPIS
[0027] Ovde su obezbeđene sledeće formulacije: solubilizovani estradiol bez progesterona; mikronizovani progesteron bez estradiola; mikronizovani progesteron sa parcijalno solubilizovanim progesteronom; solubilizovani estradiol sa mikronizovanim progesteronom; solubilizovani estradiol sa mikronizovanim progesteronom u kombinaciji sa parcijalno solubilizovanim progesteronom; i solubilizovani estradiol sa solubilizovanim progesteronom. Koncepti koji leže u osnovi ovde obezbeđenih formulacija mogu da se koriste i sa drugim prirodnim ili sintetičkim oblicima estradiola i progesterona. Specifikacije, aspekti i primeri izvođenja mikronizacije su ovde dodatno definisani.
[0028] U principu, farmaceutske formulacije koje su ovde opisane, pripremaju se i primenjuju u vidu napunjenih kapsula, tipično mekih kapsula od jednog ili više materijala koji su dobro poznati u stanju tehnike, uključujući, na primer i bez ograničenja, kapsule od mekog želatina. Mikronizovani progesteron, kao što je ovde opisano, može takođe standardnim tehnikama da se priprema za primenu i u obliku tableta ili drugih dobro poznatih oblika doziranja koji se oralno primenjuju.
[0029] Drugi aspekt predmetnog prikaza uključuje farmaceutsku formulaciju mikronizovanog progesterona, mikronizovanog progesterona sa parcijalno solubilizovanim progesteronom i potpuno solubilizovanim progesteronom, pri čemu navedena formulacija može da obezbedi povišenu bioraspoloživost progesterona kod tretiranog subjekta, u poređenju sa bioraspoloživošću koju obezbeđuje Prometrium® kada se primenjuju u jednakim doznim jačinama.
[0030] U skladu sa različitim aspektima i primerima izvođenja, proporcija solubilnosti (tj., udeo rastvorene supstance koji ulazi u rastvor) je značajna. Odnos težine estradiola i težine celog rastvora je takođe značajan zbog predviđenih količina za doziranje, koje se ovde razmatraju. Konkretno, poželjno je da se dobije ciljna doza estradiola u količini rastvora koja može lako da se primeni putem kapsule. Na primer, ukoliko je poželjna doza estradiola u kapsuli od između oko 0.125 mg i oko 2 mg, takođe bi bilo poželjno da ukupna težina rastvora bude između oko 250 mg i oko 400 mg, poželjno oko 300 mg do oko 350 mg i poželjnije oko 325 mg. U različitim primerima izvođenja, sledeći težinski odnosi estradiola i ukupnog rastvora iznose od oko 0.125/50 mg do oko 0.125/1000 mg, od oko 1 mg: 500 mg do oko 1 mg: 50 mg; od oko 1 mg: 250 mg do oko 1 mg: 60 mg; od oko 1 mg: 100 mg do oko 1 mg: 66 mg; od oko 2 mg/50 mg do oko 2 mg/1000 mg. U različitim primerima izvođenja, ciljna vrednost za proizvod za jediničnu dozu je 325 mg, a ciljna težina punjenja za kombinovani proizvod (npr., dva ili više sterolnih API) je 650 mg.
[0031] Drugi aspekti predmetnog prikaza dodatno obezbeđuju: uniformnije rastvaranje progesterona, i smanjenu varijabilnost nivoa u krvi kod jednog pacijenta ili među različitim pacijentima, za formulaciju progesterona prema predmetnom prikazu, uobičajeno u kombinacijama sa solubilizovanim estradiolom, kada se poredi sa jednakim dozama preparata Prometrium. Varijabilnost nivoa u krvi je takođe poređena za iste trenutke uzimanja uzoraka nakon primene. Bez ograničenja u teoriji, veruje se da na ove aspekte utiče procenat solubilizovanog progesterona u odgovarajućoj formulaciji pri čemu na takvo uniformnije rastvaranje progesterona, i na nižu varijabilnost nivoa u krvi kod jednog pacijenta ili među različitim pacijentima, utiče veći udeo solubilizovanog progesterona u odnosu na ukupni progesteron. Sa predmetnim formulacijama koje sadrže progesteron takođe može da bude u vezi smanjeni efekat hrane.
[0032] Uniformnije rastvaranje progesterona u formulaciji prema predmetnom prikazu, u poređenju sa rastvaranjem preparata Prometrium u istim doznim jačinama i kada se koristi isti USP aparat, može da se odredi pomoću standardnih tehnika koje su ustanovljene za testiranje API ,uključujući testiranje opisano u primerima koji slede.
[0033] Smanjena varijabilnost kod jednog pacijenta i među različitim pacijentima, za progesteron formulisan na osnovu predmetnog prikaza, u poređenju sa preparatom Prometrium, može da se demonstrira putem biološke studije uticaja hrane, kao što je studija opisana u nastavku teksta.
[0034] Drugi aspekti prema predmetnom prikazu uključuju upotrebu formulacija kao što su ovde opisane, pri čemu je progesteron najmanje jedan API u navedenoj formulaciji za tretman životinje, uključujući ljude: za endometrijalnu hiperplaziju; za sekundarnu amenoreju; kao metod za tretman protiv prevremenog porođaja, kada navedena životinja ima skraćen cerviks i druga stanja bolesti ili stanja koja se leče suplementacijom progesterona (zbirno, "stanja sa manjkom progesterona"); upotrebu formulacija kao što su ovde opisane, pri čemu je estradiol najmanje jedan API u navedenoj formulaciji za tretman životinje, uključujući ljude, koja ima simptome u vezi sa menopauzom, uključujući, na primer, vazomotorne simptome; u odnosu na tretman simptoma u vezi sa smanjenim estrogenom, uključujući, na primer i bez ograničenja, valunge i noćno znojenje (vazomotorni simptomi), poremećaje sna, promene raspoloženja i vulvovaginalnu atrofiju; i osteoporoze i drugih stanja bolesti i stanja koja nisu u vezi sa menopauzom, a koja se leče suplementacijom estrogena. (zbirno, " stanja sa manjkom estrogena"), gde je svako od njih prisutno kod subjekta kome je potreban tretman i svako sa netoksičnom efikasnom količinom navedenih formulacija. Kako se ovde koristi, izraz "tretman", ili reči izvedene iz ovog izraza, podrazumeva delimičnu ili potpunu inhibiciju navedenog stanja bolesti kada se formulacija, kao što je ovde opisano, primenjuje profilaktički ili nakon što nastupi stanje bolesti za koje se takva formulacija primenjuje. Za potrebe predmetnog prikaza, "profilaksa" se odnosi na primenu aktivnog(ih) sastojka(aka) kod životinje, kako bi se ta životinja zaštitila od bilo kog od ovde izloženih poremećaja, kao i drugih poremećaja.
[0035] Osim ako nije specifično navedeno drugačije, "prirodni," kako se ovde koristi, kada se odnosi na hormone koji se ovde razmatraju, označava bioidentične hormone formulisane tako da odgovaraju hemijskoj strukturi i delovanju hormona koji se prirodno javljaju u ljudskom telu (endogenih). Tipičan prirodni estrogen je estradiol (opisuje se i kao 17β-estradiol i E2), a prirodni progestin je progesteron. Tipičan ciklično/sekvencijalni režim obuhvata isporučivanje od oko 0.125 mg do oko 2.0 mg estradiola svakodnevno tokom 14 - 18 dana, iza čega sledi isporučivanje od oko 0.125 mg do oko 2 mg estradiola i oko 25 mg do oko 200 mg progesterona svakodnevno tokom 10 – 14 dana. Ciklično/sekvencijalni režimi mogu da budu naročito korisni za žene u menopauzi. Druge tipične dozne jačine estradiola za upotrebu u ovde opisanim formulacijama, uključuju, bez ograničenja, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.50, 0.625, 0.75, 1.00, 1.125, 1.25, 1.375, 1.50, 1.625, 1.75 i 2.00 mg. Druge tipične dozne jačine progesterona za upotrebu u ovde opisanim formulacijama, uključuju, bez ograničenja, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200 mg, 250 mg, 300 mg, 350 mg i 400 mg. Ove dozne jačine, i za estradiol i za progesteron, mogu da se primenjuju u ovde opisanim formulacijama, bilo same, bilo u kombinaciji.
[0036] Progesteronski aktivni farmaceutski sastojak može da bude mikronizovan putem bilo koje od više metoda koje uobičajeno koristi prosečan stručnjak u oblast. U različitim primerima izvođenja, mikronizovani progesteron ima X50 vrednost veličine čestica od manje od oko 15 mikrona, manje od oko 10 mikrona, manje od oko 5 mikrona i/ili manje od oko 3 mikrona. U različitim primerima izvođenja, mikronizovani progesteron ima X90 vrednost veličine čestica od manje od oko 25 mikrona, manje od oko 20 mikrona, i/ili manje od oko 15 mikrona.
[0037] Veličina čestica može da se određuje na bilo koji pogodan način. Na primer, Beckman Coulter LS 13320 analizator veličine čestica na osnovu laserske difrakcije ("Bekman uređaj") može da se koristi za određivanje veličine čestica. Kao što je prethodno u tekstu opisano, veličina čestica može da se predstavlja različitim merama, na primer, veličina čestica preko X50, i/ili veličina čestica X90, ili sličnim opisima veličine čestica.
[0038] Bekman uređaj može da se koristi sa različitim modulima za uvođenje uzorka u analizu. Bekman uređaj može da se koristi sa LS 13 320 univerzalnim modulom za tečnost ("ULM"). ULM može da suspenduje uzorke u opsegu veličina od 0.017 μm do 2000 μm. ULM je modul na bazi tečnosti koji omogućava dostavljanje uzorka u senzorsku zonu. Pomoću ULM uzorak cirkuliše kroz Bekman uređaj. ULM sadrži dva creva, jedno za dostavljanje tečnosti, i drugo za otpad. Ukupna zapremina koja se koristi može da iznosi 125 mL ili manje. Može da se koristi uzorak mase od oko 1 mg do oko 10 g. ULM može da interaguje sa Bekman uređajem preko klinova koji odgovaraju prorezima na ULM. ULM može da koristi niz različitih fluida za suspenziju, na primer, vodu, butanol, etanol, hloroform, heptan, toluen, propanol, sredstvo za dispergovanje COULTER Type 1B Dispersant ("Coulter IB"), i niz drugih fluida za suspendovanje. Surfaktanti takođe mogu da se koriste, premda je potrebno da brzina pumpe bude podešena tako da se spreči prekomerno obrazovanje mehurića. Coulter 1B može da sadrži jedno ili više od acetaldehida, etilen oksida, i/ili 1,4 dioksana. Bekman uređaj može da se konfiguriše tako da koristi niz različitih optičkih teorija, uključujući optički model po Fraunhoferu i Mie teoriju.
[0039] Bekman uređaj može da sadrži softver kojim se kontroliše Bekman uređaj dok je ULM u upotrebi. Softver može da kontroliše, na primer, brzinu pumpe, upotrebu rutine za uklanjanje mehurića, rutine za ispiranje, rutine za sonifikaciju, rutine za punjenje, između ostalog. Parametri u vezi sa testiranjem uzoraka takođe mogu da se konfigurišu. Na primer, može da se podesi dužina testiranja. Iako u različitim primerima izvođenja može da se koristi bilo koja pogodna dužina testiranja, moguće je koristiti vremenski period od 30 sekundi do 120 sekundi, i poželjno između 30 sekundi i 90 sekundi.
[0040] Bekman uređaj može da se koristi sa LS 13320 Micro Liquid Module ("MLM"). MLM je u stanju da suspenduje uzorke u opsegu veličina od 0.4 μm do 2000 μm. MLM je modul na bazi tečnosti koji omogućava dostavljanje uzorka u senzorsku zonu. MLM uključuje mešalicu. Ukupna zapremina koja se koristi može da bude 12 mL ili manje. MLM može da koristi niz različitih fluida za suspendovanje, kako vodenih tako i ne-vodenih.
[0041] I estradiol i progesteron, kako su ovde opisani, mogu da se formulišu posebno, prateći instrukcije koje slede u tekstu. Ove formulacije mogu da se pripremaju za oralnu primenu ili mogu da se kombinuju, na osnovu kompatibilnosti, u cilju zajedničke primene estradiola i progesterona u obliku jedne oralne jedinične doze.
[0042] Formulacije progesterona prema predmetnom prikazu se pripremaju putem mešanja sa farmaceutski prihvatljivim uljem; u principu, ulje sadrži najmanje jednu masnu kiselinu sa lancem srednje dužine, kao što su masne kiseline sa lancem srednje dužine koje se sastoje od najmanje jednog monoglicerida, diglicerida ili triglicerida, ili njihovih derivata, ili njihovih kombinacija. Opciono se dodaju drugi ekscipijensi uključujući, na primer i bez ograničenja, antioksidanse, lubrikante i slično. Koristi se dovoljno ulja kako bi se obrazovala suspenzija mikronizovanog progesterona, alternativno, solubilizovanog progesterona.
[0043] Farmaceutski prihvatljiva ulja uključuju, bez ograničenja, upotrebu najmanje jednog od kaproinske masne kiseline, kaprilne masne kiseline; kaprinske masne kiseline; taurinske kiseline; miristinske kiseline; linoleinske kiselina; ćilibarne kiseline; glicerina; monoglicerida, diglicerida, ili triglicerida i njihovih kombinacija i derivata; polietilen glikola; polietilen glikol glicerida (Gelucire®; GATTEFOSSE SAS, Saint-Priest, Francuska); propilen glikola; kaprilnog/kaprinskog triglicerida (Miglyol®; SASOL Germany GMBH, Hamburg; Miglyol uključuje Miglyol 810, 812, 816 i 829); kaproinskog/kaprilnog/kaprinskog/laurinskog triglicerida; kaprilnog/kaprinskog/linoleinskog triglicerida; kaprilnog/kaprinskog/sukcinatnog triglicerida; propilen glikolmonokaprilata; propilen glikolmonokaprata; (Capmul® PG-8 i 10; marka Capmul je vlasništvo firme ABITEC, Columbus Ohio); propilen glikoldikaprilata; monoglicerida i diglicerida sa lancem srednje dužine (Capmul MCM); dietilen glikolnog mono estra (uključujući 2-(2-etoksietoksi)etanol: Transcutol); dietilen glikol monoetila; estre zasićenog ulja kokosa i semena palme i njihovih derivata; triglicerida frakcionisanih biljnih masnih kiselina, i njihovih kombinacija i derivata.
[0044] U drugim aspektima i primerima izvođenja, progesteron je potpuno solubilizovan pomoću, na primer i bez ograničenja, dovoljnih količina: preparata Transcutol i Miglyol; Transcutol, Miglyol i Capmul PG 8 i/ili PG 10; Campul MCM; Capmul MCM i ne-jonskog surfaktanta; i Campul MCM i Gelucire.
[0045] Različiti udeli ovih ulja mogu da se koriste za potpunu solubilizaciju progesterona. Capmul MCM i ne-jonski surfaktant, mogu da se koriste u odnosima, uključujući, na primer, i bez ograničenja: 65:35, 70:30, 75:25, 80:20, 85:15 i 90:10. Campul MCM i Gelucire mogu da se koriste u odnosima, uključujući, na primer, i bez ograničenja, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 i 9:1. Među drugim kombinacijama, ova ulja i/ili sredstva za solubilizaciju, kako su ovde definisana, i njihove kombinacije, mogu da se koriste da se obrazuje kombinacija formulacija estradiola i progesterona prema predmetnom prikazu.
[0046] Kombinacije ovih ulja mogu da proizvedu parcijalno solubilizovani progesteron, u zavisnosti od željene količina progesterona u jediničnoj dozi. Što je veća količina progesterona po obliku jedinične doze, moguće je da manje progesterona bude solubilizovano. Gornja granica dozne jačine po jediničnoj dozi u principu je ograničena samo praktičnom veličinom finalnog doznog oblika.
[0047] U različitim primerima izvođenja, estradiol je parcijalno, u velikoj meri ili potpuno, solubilizovan. Solubilizovani estradiol može da uključuje estradiol koji je približno: 90%
1
solubilan u rastvaraču; 93% solubilan u rastvaraču; 95% solubilan u rastvaraču; 97% solubilan u rastvaraču; 99% solubilan u rastvaraču; i 100% solubilan u rastvaraču. Solubilnost može da se izražava kao maseni udeo (% tež./tež.).
[0048] U različitim primerima izvođenja, sredstvo za solubilizaciju je izabrano od najmanje jednog od, rastvarača ili pomoćnog rastvarača. Pogodni rastvarači i pomoćni rastvarači uključuju bilo koji monoglicerid, diglicerid ili triglicerid i glikole, i njihove kombinacije.
[0049] Osim ulja koja su u tekstu prethodno navedena u vezi sa progesteronom, a koja mogu takođe da se koriste kao sredstva za solubilizaciju i za estradiol, druga sredstva za solubilizaciju uključuju, na primer, i bez ograničenja, gliceril mono- i di-kaprilat, propilen glikol i 1,2,3-propantriol (glicerol, glicerin, glicerina).
[0050] Anjonski i/ili ne-jonski surfaktanti mogu da se koriste u drugim primerima izvođenja trenutno prikazanih formulacija koje sadrže estradiol, progesteron ili njihovu kombinaciju. U nekim primerima izvođenja, koristi se ne-jonski surfaktant. Tipični ne-jonski surfaktanti mogu da uključuju, na primer i bez ograničenja, jedno ili više od, oleinske kiseline, linoleinske kiseline, palmitinske kiseline i stearinske kiseline. U dodatnim primerima izvođenja, ne-jonski surfaktant može da obuhvata estre polietilen sorbitola, uključujući polisorbat 80, koji je komercijalno dostupan pod zaštitnim znakom TWEEN 80® (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Polisorbat 80 sadrži približno 60%-70% oleinske kiseline pri čemu ostatak sadrži primarno linoleinske kiseline, palmitinske kiseline, i stearinske kiseline. Polisorbat 80 može da se koristi u količinama iz opsega od oko 5 do 50%, i, u nekim primerima izvođenja, oko 30% ukupne mase formulacije.
[0051] U različitim drugim primerima izvođenja, ne-jonski surfaktant je izabran od jednog ili više, glicerol i polietilen glikolnih estara masnih kiselina sa dugim lancem, na primer, lauroil makrogol 32 glicerida i/ili lauroil polioksil-32 glicerida, komercijalno dostupnih kao Gelucire, uključujući, na primer, Gelucire 44/11 i Gelucire 44/14. Ovi surfaktanti mogu da se koriste u koncentracijama većim od oko 0.01%, i tipično, u različitim količinama od oko 0.01% 10.0%, 10.1%-20%, i 20.1%-30%.
[0052] U drugim primerima izvođenja, koristi se lubrikant. Moguće je koristiti bilo koji pogodan lubrikant, kao što je na primer lecitin. Lecitin može da sadrži smešu fosfolipida.
[0053] U dodatnim primerima izvođenja, koristi se antioksidans. Moguće je koristiti bilo koji pogodan antioksidans kao što je, na primer, i bez ograničenja, butilovani hidroksitoluen.
[0054] Na primer, u različitim primerima izvođenja farmaceutska formulacija sadrži oko 20% do oko 80% nosača po težini, oko 0.1% do oko 5% lubrikanta po težini, i oko 0.01% do oko 0.1% antioksidans po težini.
[0055] Izbor ekscipijensa će u velikoj meri zavisiti od faktora kao što su konkretan način primene, dejstvo ekscipijensa na solubilnost i stabilnost, i od prirode oblika doziranja. Ekscipijensi koji se koriste u različitim primerima izvođenja mogu da uključuju boje, sredstva za davanje arome, konzervanse i sredstva za maskiranje ukusa. Boje, na primer, mogu da sadrže oko 0.1% do oko 2% po težini. Konzervansi mogu da sadrže metil i propil paraben, na primer, u odnosu od oko 10:1, i sa udelom od oko 0.005% i 0.05% po težini.
[0056] Kao što je to slučaj sa svim uljima, sredstvima za solubilizaciju, ekscipijensima i bilo kojim drugim aditivima koji se koriste u ovde opisanim formulacijama, za svaki od njih je potrebno da bude netoksičan i farmaceutski prihvatljiv.
[0057] Kao što se navodi prethodno u tekstu, formulacije prema predmetnom prikazu se u principu primenjuju oralno, tipično putem, na primer, kapsula kao što su meke kapsule. Predmetne formulacije mogu takođe da se koriste za formiranje transdermalnih flastera pomoću standardne tehnologije koja je poznata u stanju tehnike. Solubilizovane formulacije prema predmetnom pronalasku mogu da budu formulisane i za intraperitonealnu primenu pomoću tehnika koje su dobro poznate u oblasti
[0058] U skladu sa različitim primerima izvođenja, formulacije ne uključuju ulje od kikirikija. Odsustvo ulja od kikirikija uklanja rizik koji postoji kod osoba koje imaju alergije na kikiriki.
[0059] U skladu sa različitim, ovde opisanim primerima izvođenja, kapsule za režim od 28 dana ili jedan mesec mogu da budu spakovane u jedan komplet (npr., blister pakovanje) sa primenom koja je obeležena po danima kako bi se poboljšala komplijansa i smanjili povezani simptomi, između ostalog. Jedna ili više kapsula mogu da ne sadrže estradiol, na primer, i/ili progesteron. Kapsule koje ne sadrže estrogenski ili progesteronski API mogu da se označavaju kao placebo. Blister pakovanje može da ima veći broj bodova ili perforacija koje razdvajaju blister pakovanje na 28 dana. Svaki dan može dalje da sadrži jedan blister ili više blistera. U različitim primerima izvođenja, svaka dozna jedinica može da sadrži mikronizovan i/ili parcijalno solubilizovan, ili potpuno solubilizovan progesteron i/ili solubilizovani estradiol u količinama koje su izložene prethodno u ovom dokumentu, iako i drugi rasponi doza mogu da se razmatraju. Pored toga, kompleti sa drugim konfiguracijama takođe su obuhvaćana ovim dokumentom. Na primer, bez ograničenja, kompleti koji imaju ovakva blister pakovanja mogu da sadrže bilo koji broj kapsula.
[0060] Formulacije prema predmetnom prikazu koje se primenjuju oralno i koje sadrže mikronizovan i/ili parcijalno solubilizovan, ili potpuno solubilizovan, progesteron koriste se takođe, i za lečenje endometrijalne hiperplazije, sekundarne amenoreje i drugih stanja bolesti koja se leče suplementacijom progesterona. U principu, ovde opisane formulacije koje sadrže progesteron, koriste se za tretman efekata primene suplementnog estrogena, bilo da je primenjen sam ili u kombinaciji sa solubilizovanim estradiolom prema predmetnom prikazu ili sa drugim formulacijama koje sadrže estrogen. U različitim drugim primerima izvođenja, kapsula koja sadrži formulacije prema predmetnom prikazu, na primer kapsula od mekog gela, može da se primenjuje u, ili oko vagine.
[0061] Formulacije prema predmetnom prikazu koje sadrže solubilizovani estradiol koriste se za lečenje stanja sa manjkom estrogena, uključujući vazomotorne simptome, na primer, u vezi sa tretmanom simptoma u vezi sa manjkom estrogena, uključujući, na primer, i bez ograničenja, valunge i noćno znojenje (vazomotorni simptomi), poremećaje sna, promene raspoloženja, vulvo-vaginalnu atrofiju; i osteoporozu i druga stanja bolesti i stanja koja nisu u vezi sa menopauzom, a koja se leče suplementacijom estrogena.
[0062] Formulacije prema predmetnom prikazu koje sadrže solubilizovani estradiol mogu da se koriste za lečenje ili prevenciju atrofijskog vaginitisa ili vulvo-vaginalne atrofije. U različitim primerima izvođenja, kapsula, na primer kapsula od mekog gela, može d se primenjuje u, ili oko vagine.
[0063] Dodatni ciljevi prema predmetnom prikazu uključuju: obezbeđivanje komplijanse usled lakoće upotrebe, obezbeđivanje veće prijemčivosti lekara usled lakoće upotrebe/uputstava za upotrebu, sa manje zabrinutosti u vezi sa sporednim efektima usled neodgovarajuće upotrebe, obezbeđivanje smanjenja sporednih efekata usled pogrešne upotrebe (smanjenje nepravilnog krvarenja); obezbeđivanje bolje efikasnosti/kontrole simptoma usled odgovarajuće upotrebe; smanjenje metaboličkih i vaskularnih sporednih efekata sintetičkih progestina koji se često koriste, kada se primenjuju sami ili u kombinaciji sa nekim estrogenom (noretindron acetat, medroksiprogesteron acetat, itd.) uključujući, na primer, moždani udar, infarkte, krvne ugruške i rak dojke.
PRIMERI
PRIMER 1
Solubilnost estradiola
[0064] U različitim eksperimentima, utvrđeno je koji su rastvarači pogodni da obezbede dovoljnu stabilnost za pravljenje 2 mg estradiola u 100 mg mase za punjenje, pri čemu je cilj bio da se postigne solubilnost za estradiol -20 mg/g. Inicijalni eksperimenti solubilnosti su urađeni tako što je estradiol mešan sa različitim rastvaračima, rastvor zasićen estradiolom, ekvilibrisan tokom najmanje 3 dana i nerastvorene čestice filtrirane, a količina rastvorenog estradiola u bistrom supernatantu analizirana pomoću HPLC.
[0065] Izvedeni su eksperimenti solubilnosti estradiola. Poznato je da je sa ove liste najmanje jedna stavka (npr. propilen glikol) nepogodna za kapsulaciju.
1
PRIMER 2
[0066] Želja je bila sa se dobije po 50 mg progesterona suspendovanog u medijumu koji može da solubilizuje i 2 mg estradiola u ukupnoj masi punjenja za kapsulu od 200 mg. Kako bi se dobila ova formulacija, neophodno je da solubilnost estradiola bude -10 mg/g. Ukupna težina punjenja od 200 mg smatrana je pogodnom za kapsulu od mekog želatina veličine 5.
Tabela 2
[0067] Dodatne studije solubilnosti su sprovedene kako bi se pronašle smeše rastvarača koje bi potencijalno mogle da budu pogodnije za kapsulaciju u mekom želatinu. Studije solubilnosti su sprovedene sa Capmul PG8 i Capmul MCM tako što je estradiol mešan sa različitim sistemima rastvarača i, kao i prethodno, analiziranjem količine rastvorenog estradiola pomoću HPLC nakon filtracije. Rezultati ovih eksperimenata su predstavljeni u Tabeli 2. Iz ovih rezultata može da se vidi da smeše koje sadrže Miglyol:Capmul PG8 pri 50 %; a takođe i Capmul MCM sam ili u kombinaciji sa 20% Polisorbata 80, mogu da postignu dovoljnu solubilnost kako bi se dostigla ciljnu vrednost od 10 mg/g. Capmul PG8 pomešan sa Miglyol pri nivou od 15 i 30% nije obezbedio dovoljnu solubilnost.
PRIMER 3
[0068] Dodatne studije solubilnosti su sprovedene kako bi se procenila stabilnost estradiola (4-6 mg) u smešama rastvarača, kao što je prikazano u Tabeli 3. Miglyol 812 sa 4% Transcutola precipitirao je putem vruće/hladno ciklusa, nakon 96 sati, dok estradiol solubilizovan u Miglyol:Capmul mešavinama pri 30 i 50% ili u samom Capmul MCM, nije precipitirao pod istim uslovima najmanje 14 dana.
Tabela 3
[0069] 12 mg estradiola solubilizovanog u Miglyol:Capmul PG8 50:50, Capmul MCM, i u smešama Transcutol: Miglyol: Capmul PG8 stabilno je i ne precipitira najmanje 12 dana.
Tabela 4
PRIMER 4
[0070] Osim određivanja fizičke stabilnosti rastvora estradiola tokom vremena, neophodno je odrediti i da li će materijal za punjenje biti stabilan tokom procesa kapsulacije. Jedan način da se ove preparacije testiraju jeste dodavanje vode masi za punjenje. Kao što se može videti u Tabeli 5, rastvori estradiola pri koncentraciji od 6 mg/g u polietilen glikolu 400 i Capmul MCM mogu da apsorbuju minimalno 7% vode bez rekristalizacije, dok ista koncentracija u smeši Miglyol 812:Capmul PG8 (75:25) precipitira.
[0071] Rastvori estradiola pri koncentraciji od 12 mg/g u polietilen glikolu 400 i Capmul MCM mogu da apsorbuju minimalno 7% vode bez rekristalizacije. Sve formulacije koje sadrže Capmul PG8 postale su zamućene kada im je dodavana voda. Međutim, treba napomenuti da
1
rekristalizacija estradiola nije bila uočena, a da dodavanje vode u sam Capmul PG 8 (bez estradiola) takođe dovodi do zamućenja.
Tabela 5
PRIMER 5
[0072] U tipičnom primeru izvođenja, obezbeđena je kapsula sa materijalom za punjenje koja sadrži:
Tabela 6
PRIMER 6
[0073] U tipičnom primeru izvođenja, obezbeđena je kapsula sa materijalom za punjenje koja sadrži:
Tabela 7
1
[0074] U tipičnom primeru izvođenja, obezbeđena je kapsula sa materijalom za punjenje koja sadrži:
Tabela 8
[0075] Prethodna formulacija se priprema na sledeći način: estradiol se dodaje u Capmul MCM i meša dok se ne rastvori.
PRIMER 7
Solubilnost progesterona
[0076] U različitim primerima izvođenja, i estradiol i progesteron mogu da budu rastvoreni u rastvaraču. U različitim primerima izvođenja, rastvorljivost i estradiola i progesterona biće takva da se terapeutski efikasna doza može dobiti u masi razumne veličine, za koju se u principu smatra da iznosi između 1 mg i 1200 mg, poželjno pogodna za kapsulaciju kao ovalna ili duguljasta kapsula u veličini 3 do 22. Na primer, u različitim primerima izvođenja, 50 mg do 100 mg progesterona može da bude rastvoreno u nekoj zapremini rastvarača; tj., solubilnost bi bila 50 mg do 100 mg po kapsuli. Pokušano je i sa proizvodom Miglyol, i premda može da se smatra dobrim nosačem za progesteron, on sam nije obezbedio željeni nivo solubilizacije estradiola (npr., solubilnost od 12 mg/g može da bude poželjna u različitim primerima izvođenja). Dakle, Miglyol može da se koristi u primerima izvođenja koji sadrže suspenziju progesterona, mada Miglyol, kada je sam, nije poželjan za upotrebu u primerima izvođenja koji imaju potpuno solubilizovan progesteron i/ili estradiol.
[0077] Kao što se može videti u Tabeli 9, solubilnost progesterona u Capmul MCM iznosi -73 mg/g. Dakle, ako se 200 mg progesterona suspenduje u 400 mg rastvarača, deo doze (∼14%) je već rastvoren, a ostatak se i dalje nalazi u suspenziji. U nekim aspektima i primerima izvođenja, poželjno je da se delimična solubilnost progesterona u formulaciji maksimalno smanji kako bi se mogućnost rekristalizacije svela na minimum.
1
[0078] Na osnovu solubilnosti od 73 mg/g , veličina kapsule neophodna da se napravi kapsula od 50 mg solubilizovanog progesterona bila bi 685 mg. Dakle, pokazano je da bi bilo ostvarivo da se napravi solubilizovana formulacija sa 50 mg progesterona i 2 mg estradiola. Myglyol je imao najnižu solubilnost, ali taj rastvarač ne može da rastvara estradiol, dakle tokom daljih eksperimenata je odlučeno da se nastavi sa rastvaračem koji je sledeći po solubilnosti, odnosno sa Capmul MCM. Takođe je pokazano da 2 mg estradiola može da se rastvori i u 685 mg rastvarača Capmul MCM.
Tabela 9
[0079] Pored toga, utvrđeno je da solubilnost progesterona u rastvaraču Capmul MCM u kombinaciji sa Gelucire 44/14 u odnosu 9:1, povećava solubilnost do približno 86 mg/g. Dakle, u različitim primerima izvođenja, progesteron i/ili estradiol mogu da budu rastvoreni u Capmul MCM i Gelucire 44/14 sistemu, pri čemu odnos Capmul MCM prema Gelucire 44/14 iznosi 9:1.
Tabela 10
PRIMER 8
[0080] U tipičnom primeru izvođenja, obezbeđena je kapsula sa materijalom za punjenje koji ima potpuno solubilizovan progesteron i estradiol, koja sadrži:
Tabela 11
1
[0081] Kapsula kao što je kapsula prikazana u Tabeli 11 može da se proizvodi na bilo koji pogodan način. Za potrebe ovog primera, mešanje može da se olakša rotorom, agitatorom, ili drugim pogodnim sredstvima. Takođe za potrebe ovog primera, zagrevanje i/ili mešanje može da se izvodi u atmosferi inertnog ili relativno inertnog gasa, kao što je gasoviti azot N2. Mešanje i/ili zagrevanje za potrebe ovog Primera može da se izvodi u bilo kom pogodnom sudu, kao što je sud od nerđajućeg čelika.
[0082] Na primer, Campul MCM može da se zagreje do između 30°C i 50°C, poželjnije od 35°C do 45°C, i poželjnije do 40°C /- 2°C. Gelucire 44/14 može da se doda u Campul MCM i da se meša dok se ne rastvori. Može da se doda sve odjednom ili postepeno, tokom nekog vremenskog perioda. Tokom mešanja rastvarača Gelucire 44/14 i Campul MCM može da se nastavi sa primenom toplote.
[0083] Toplota može da se odvodi iz mešavine rastvarača Gelucire 44/14 i Campul MCM. U smešu može da se doda estradiol hemihidrat. Može da se doda sve odjednom ili postepeno, tokom nekog vremenskog perioda. Mikronizovani progesteron može zatim da se dodaje u smešu Gelucire 44/14, Campul MCM i estradiol hemihidrata i da se meša dok se ne rastvori. Može da se doda sve odjednom ili postepeno, tokom nekog vremenskog perioda.
PRIMER 9
[0084] U tipičnom primeru izvođenja, obezbeđena je kapsula sa materijalom za punjenje sa suspendovanim progesteronom, koja sadrži:
Tabela 12
[0085] Prethodna formulacija se priprema na sledeći način: MIGLYOL se zagreva do oko 45°C. GELUCIRE 44/14 se dodaje i meša se dok se ne rastvori. BHT se dodaje i meša se dok se ne rastvori. Progesteron se suspenduje i obrađuje u koloidnom mlinu. Dobijena masa za punjenje za kapsulaciju.
1
[0086] U tipičnom primeru izvođenja, obezbeđena je kapsula sa materijalom za punjenje koji ima parcijalno solubilizovani progesteron, koja sadrži:
Tabela 13
[0087] Za suspenzije progesterona i parcijalno solubilizovanog progesterona, GELUCIRE 44/14 može da se dodaje sa 1% do 2% tež./tež. Kako bi se povećala viskoznost. Formulacija iz teksta koji prethodi se priprema na sledeći način: Capmul MCM se zagreva do oko 65°C. GELUCIRE 44/14 se dodaje i meša se dok se ne rastvori. Toplota se odvodi. Progesteron se dodaje i smeša se propušta kroz koloidni mlin. Dobijena masa za punjenje može da se koristi za kapsulaciju.
PRIMER 10
[0088] U tipičnom primeru izvođenja, obezbeđena je kapsula sa materijalom za punjenje koji sadrži suspendovani progesteron, a koja sadrži:
Tabela 14
[0089] U različitim primerima izvođenja, količine nosača MIGLYOL mogu da budu prisutne u opsegu od oko 35-95% po težini; GELUCIRE 44/14 od oko 0.5-30% po težini; i BHT od oko 0.01-0.1% po težini.
PRIMER 11
2
[0090] Za potrebe ovog Primera, sprovedena je analiza veličine čestica pomoću Bekman uređaja. Za analizu je obezbeđen API uzorka koji sadrži mikronizovani progesteron u skladu sa različitim primerima izvođenja.
[0091] Približno 0.01 g API uzorka u skladu sa različitim primerima izvođenja kombinovano je sa Coulter 1B i 10 mL dejonizovane vode. Izvedena je sonifikacija tokom 15 sekundi. Bekman uređaj, opremljen sa ULM, obavljao je analizu 90 sekundi. Bekman uređaj je konfigurisan da koristi optički model po Fraunhoferu. Bekman uređaj pokazao je da uzorak ima X50 od 4.279 μm, X75 od 7.442 μm, i X25 od 1.590 μm. Bekman uređaj takođe je pokazao da je srednja vrednost veličine čestica 4.975 μm, medijana veličine čestica je 4.279 μm, modus veličine čestica je 6.453 μm, a standardna devijacija iznosi 3.956 μm. Dobijeni grafikon distribucije čestica prikazan je na Slici 4.
PRIMER 12
[0092] Uzorak formulacije sa približno 200 mg mikronizovanog progesterona i 2 mg estradiola dispergovan je sa uljem. Bekman uređaj, opremljen sa MLM, obavljao je analizu 60 sekundi. Bekman uređaj je konfigurisan da koristi optički model po Fraunhoferu. Bekman uređaj pokazao je da uzorak ima X50 od 11.0 μm, X75 od 17.3 μm i X25 od 5.3 μm. Bekman uređaj takođe je pokazao da je srednja vrednost veličine čestica 11.8 µm, medijana veličine čestica je 11.04 μm, modus veličine čestica je 13.6 µm, a standardna devijacija iznosi 7.8 µm.
PRIMER 13
[0093] Kako bi se povećala solubilnost progesterona u finalnom rastvoru, Gelucire 44/14 je dodat u količini od oko 10% tež./tež.
Tabela 15: Kvantitativna formula: veličina serije 10, 000 kapsula
[0094] Primer finalne formulacije je obezbeđen u Tabeli 15. Postupak proizvodnje je sledeći. Capmul MCM se zagreva do 40°C. Gelucire 44/14 se dodaje i meša dok se ne rastvori. Toplota se odvodi. Estradiol se dodaje i meša dok se ne rastvori. Zatim se dodaje mikronizovani progesteron i meša se dok se ne rastvori.
PRIMER 14
[0095] U tipičnom primeru izvođenja, obezbeđena je kapsula sa materijalom za punjenje koji ima potpuno solubilizovan estradiol i parcijalno solubilizovan progesteron, a koja sadrži:
[0096] Postupak proizvodnje je sledeći. Capmul MCM se zagreva do 65°C. Dodaje se Gelucire 44/14 i meša dok se ne rastvori. Prekida se zagrevanje. Estradiol se dodaje i meša dok se ne rastvori. Zatim se dodaje i disperguje mikronizovani progesteron. Smeša se zatim propušta kroz koloidni mlin. Dobijena masa za punjene može da se koristi za kapsulaciju.
PRIMER 15
[0097] U tipičnom primeru izvođenja, obezbeđena je kapsula sa materijalom za punjenje koji ima potpuno solubilizovani estradiol i parcijalno solubilizovani progesteron, a koja sadrži:
Tabela 17
[0098] Postupak proizvodnje je sledeći. Capmul MCM se zagreva na 65°C. Gelucire 44/14 se dodaje i meša dok se ne rastvori. Toplota se odvodi. Estradiol se dodaje i meša se dok se ne rastvori. Mikronizovani progesteron se zatim dodaje i disperguje. Smeša se zatim propušta kroz koloidni mlin. Dobijena masa za punjenje može da se koristi za kapsulaciju.
PRIMER 16
[0099] Studija kombinacije progesterona i estradiola u uslovima kontrolisane ishrane.
[0100] Protokol za studiju koji sledi je korišćen kako bi se utvrdili parametri bioraspoloživosti i bioekvivalentnosti za kombinaciju proizvoda prema predmetnom prikazu, koji sadrže progesteron (200 mg) i estradiol (2.0 mg) koji su pripremljeni putem postupka opisanog u Primeru 15 i upoređeni sa 200 mg preparata PROMETRIUM® (Catalent Pharmaceuticals, St. Petersburg, FL (i 2.0 mg preparata ESTRACE® (Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. Princeton, NJ), primenjenih kod dvadeset i četiri (24) normalna zdrava, odrasla humana ženska subjekta u postmenopauzi, u uslovima kontrolisane ishrane.
[0101] Dizajn studije: Otvorena, uravnotežena, randomizirana, dvosmerno ukrštena studija sa dva tretmana, dva perioda, dve sekvence i jednom dozom.
[0102] Subjekti su se nalazili u prostorijama klinike od najmanje 11.00 sati pre davanja doze do najmanje 48.00 sati nakon doze u svakom periodu, sa periodom bez primene leka od najmanje 14 dana između dva susedna dana davanja doze.
[0103] Subjekti se nisu hranili najmanje oko 10.00 sati pre nego što im je dat doručak sa puno masti i kalorija, nakon čega su dobili dozu, što je praćeno dodatnim periodom bez hrane od 04.00 sata, nakon davanja doze.
[0104] Standardni obroci su obezbeđeni na oko 04.00, 09.00, 13.00, 25.00, 29.00, 34.00 i 38.00 sati nakon davanja doze, redom.
[0105] Voda je ukinuta najmanje oko 01 sat pre davanja doze do oko 01 sat nakon davanja doze (osim vode koja se daje kada se daje doza). Tokom ostalog vremena, obezbeđena je voda za piće ad libitum.
[0106] Subjekti su upućeni na uzdržavanje od konzumacije proizvoda koji sadrže kofein i/ili ksantin (tj. kafa, čaj, čokolada i gazirana pića i pića koja sadrže kofein) tokom najmanje oko 24.00 sata pre davanja doze i tokom trajanja cele studije, a grejpfruta i\ili njegovog soka i hrane koja sadrži seme maka tokom najmanje oko 48.00 sata pre davanja doze i tokom trajanja cele studije.
[0107] Subjekti su sedeli uspravno tokom oko prva 04.00 sata nakon davanja doze i tokom ovog perioda su bili dozvoljeni samo minimalni pokreti. Nakon toga je subjektima bilo dozvoljeno da
2
slobodno kreću tokom preostalog dela studije. Subjektima nije bilo dozvoljeno da leže (osim prema uputstvima lekara usled neželjenih događaja) tokom perioda ograničenja.
[0108] Subjekti su upućeni da ne uzimaju prepisane lekove tokom 14 dana pre početka studije i tokom cele studije. Subjekti su upućeni da ne uzimaju medicinske proizvode koji se dobijaju bez recepta, biljne lekove, itd. tokom 7 dana pre početka studije i tokom cele studije.
[0109] Posle uzdržavanja od hrane preko noći, tokom najmanje oko 10.00 sati, doručak sa mnogo masti i kalorija je služen oko 30 minuta pre primene ispitivanog(ih) proizvoda. Od svih subjekata je zatraženo da pojedu svoj ceo doručak u roku od oko 30 minuta nakon što je poslužen, jedna doza tableta od 2 mg, ili testiranog proizvoda (T) Progesterona od 200 mg i Estradiola od 2 mg ili kapsula od mekog gela, sa 200 mg referentnog proizvoda (R) PROMETRIUM® (Progesteron) i tablete od 2 mg ESTRACE® (Estradiol) (u skladu sa randomizovanim rasporedom) primenjene su sa oko 240 mL vode u uslovima kontrolisana ishrane, na temperaturi sredine, u svakom periodu, u sedećem položaju. Temeljna provera usne duplje je obavljena da bi se procenila komplijansa doziranja.
[0110] Laboratorijski testovi svih subjekata kojima je davana doza, procenjeni su na kraju studije ili u skladu sa mogućnostima.
[0111] U svakom periodu su sakupljena dvadeset i tri (23) uzorka krvi. Uzorci krvi pre davanja doze (10 mL) uzeti u -01.00, -00.50, 00.00 sati i uzorci krvi posle davanja doze (08 mL svaki) sakupljeni su u 00.25, 00.50, 00.67, 00.83, 01.00, 01.33, 01.67, 02.00, 02.50, 03.00, 04.00, 05.00, 06.00, 07.00, 08.00, 10.00, 12.00, 18.00, 24.00 i 48.00 u obeleženim K2EDTA – vakutanerima preko stalne kanile plasirane u jednu od vena prednjih udova subjekta. Intravenske stalne kanile su održavane na mestu najduže moguće vreme, injeciranjem oko 0.5 mL heparina od 10 IU / mL u normalnom fiziološkom rastvoru, kako bi se kanile zadržale u cilju sakupljanja uzoraka nakon davanja doze. U tim slučajevima, uzorci krvi su sakupljani nakon što je odbačeno prvih 0.5 mL krvi koja sadrži heparin. Kanile su uklanjane kada se uzme uzorak posle 24.00 sata, ili ranije, ako su blokirane.
[0112] Na kraju studije uzorci su prebačeni u bioanalitičko odeljenje u kutiji sa dovoljno suvog leda za održavanje integriteta uzoraka. Ovi uzorci su do analize čuvani u bioanalitičkom odeljenju na temperaturi od -70°C ± 20°C.
[0113] Progesteron (korigovan i nekorigovan) i estradiol (nekonjugovan) i estron (ukupni) u uzorcima plazme, testirani su pomoću validirane LC-MS/MS metode.
[0114] Prateći ovaj protokol, sprovedene su i studije sa gladovanjem. Međutim, umesto masnog obroka pre primene testa i referentnog leka, svaki subjekt je pre primene doze gladovao tokom perioda od najmanje dvanaest (12) sati.
PRIMER 17
[0115] Postupak proizvodnje u skladu sa različitim primerima izvođenja je prikazan na Slikama 1 do 3. Na Slici 1 je prikazan postupak pripreme materijala za punjenje 100. Korak 102 sadrži zagrevanje uljanog vehikulum nosača do 40°C ± 5°C. Zagrevanje može da se postigne pomoću bilo kog pogodnog sredstva. Zagrevanje može da se izvodi u bilo kom pogodnom sudu, kao što je sud od nerđajućeg čelika. Uljani vehikulum može da bude bilo koji ovde opisani uljani vehikulum, na primer, Capmul MCM.
[0116] Korak 104 obuhvata mešanje Gelucire 44/14 sa uljanim vehikulumom. Mešanje može da se olakša rotorom, agitatorom, ili drugim pogodnim sredstvima. Korak 102 može da se izvodi u atmosferi inertnog ili relativno inertnog gasa, kao što je gasoviti azot N2. Mešanje može da se izvodi u bilo kom pogodnom sudu, kao što je sud od nerđajućeg čelika.
[0117] Korak 106 obuhvata mešanje estradiola u smešu uljanog vehikuluma i Gelucire 44/14. Do mešanja može da dolazi u čeličnom rezervoaru ili kadi. Mešanje može da se olakša rotorom, agitatorom, ili drugim pogodnim sredstvima. Korak 106 može da se izvodi u atmosferi inertnog ili relativno inertnog gasa, kao što je gasoviti azot N2.
[0118] Korak 108 obuhvata hlađenje do sobne temperature. Hlađenje može da se odvija bez intervenisanja ili može da se potpomogne primenom sistema za hlađenje.
[0119] Korak 110 obuhvata mešanje mikronizovanog progesterona u smeši uljanog vehikuluma, estradiola i rastvarača Gelucire 44/14. Do mešanja može da dolazi u čeličnom rezervoaru ili kadi. Mešanje može da se olakša rotorom, agitatorom, ili drugim pogodnim sredstvima. Korak 110 može da se izvodi u atmosferi inertnog ili relativno inertnog gasa, kao što je gasoviti azot N2. Korak 112 obuhvata degaziranje. Smeša dobijena u koraku 112 može da sadrži materijal za punjenje pogodan za proizvodnju u vidu kapsule od mekog gela.
[0120] Na Slici 2 je prikazana proizvodnja 200 kapsule od mekog gela, tj. gel mase. Korak 202 obuhvata mešanje glicerina sa vodom. Voda koja se koristi u koraku 202 može da bude prečišćena bilo kojim pogodnim sredstvima, kao što su reverzna osmoza, ozonizacija, filtracija (npr., kroz ugljeničnu kolonu) ili slično. Mešanje može da se olakša rotorom, agitatorom, ili drugim pogodnim sredstvima. Korak 202 može da se izvodi u atmosferi inertnog ili relativno inertnog gasa, kao što je gasoviti azot N2. Zagrevanje može da se izvodi dok temperatura ne dostigne 80°C ± 5°C.
[0121] Korak 204 obuhvata dodavanje želatina u smešu glicerina i vode. Mešanje može da se olakša rotorom, agitatorom, ili drugim pogodnim sredstvima. Korak 204 može da se izvodi u atmosferi inertnog ili relativno inertnog gasa, kao što je gasoviti azot N2. U koraku 204 može da se obrazuje vakuum u cilju deaerizacije.
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[0122] Korak 206 obuhvata dodavanje sredstva za bojenje kao što je pigment. Sredstvo za bojenje može da obuhvata proizvode koji se prodaju pod zaštićenim imenom OPATINT ili neko drugo pogodno sredstvo. Korak 206 može da se izvodi u atmosferi inertnog ili relativno inertnog gasa, kao što je gasoviti azot N2. Korak 208 obuhvata degaziranje. Smeša dobijena u koraku 208 može da obuhvata materijal za gel kapsule pogodan za upotrebu u vidu gel kapsule tokom proizvodnje kapsule od mekog gela.
[0123] Na Slici 3 je prikazan postupak 300 sklapanja kapsule od mekog gela. Korak 302 obuhvata zagrevanje materijala za punjenje. Materijal za punjenje može da se zagreva do bilo koje pogodne temperature. U različitim primerima izvođenja, materijal za punjenje se zagreva do 30°C /- 3°C. Materijal za punjenje može da se zagreva u levku za punjenje. Levak za punjenje može da obuhvata uređaj konfigurisan za smeštanje neke zapremine materijala za punjenje i/ili za razlivanje materijala za punjenje u kontrolisanim zapreminama.
[0124] Korak 304 obuhvata punjenje gel mase. Gel masa može da se uzme od materijala za gel kapsulu koji je proizveden u koraku 208 sa Slike 2. Punjenje može da se izvodi injeciranjem, plasiranjem ili nekim drugim načinom postavljanja materijala za punjenje u volumen definisan materijalom gel kapsule. Punjenje može da se odvija u inkapsulatoru. Razdelne kutije mogu da budu na temperaturi od 55°C /- 10°C. Temperatura klina može da bude 38°C /- 3°C. Temperatura hlađenja bubnja može da bude 4°C /- 2°C. Inkapsulator može da bude podmazan pomoću MIGLYOL 812 ili nekog drugog pogodnog lubrikanta. Korak 304 proizvodi, tako, jednu ili više kapsula od mekog gela. Punjenje može da obuhvata proizvodnju trake debljine 0.85 mm ± 0.05 mm pomoću tastera razdelne kutije. Materijal za punjenje može da se injecira u gel tako da se dobije težina za punjenje sa ciljanom težinom ± 5% (tj., 650 ± 33 mg i 325 ± 16.3 mg).
[0125] Korak 306 obuhvata sušenje kapsula od mekog želatina. Sušenje može da se izvodi u centrifugalnom sušaču, sušaču sa fijokama, ili njihovim kombinacijama. Na primer, sušenje može da se izvodi u korpi centrifugalnog sušača tokom između oko 10 minuta i oko 120 minuta. Sušenje može da se nastavi u sobi za sušenje tokom oko 24 sata do oko 72 sati. Korak 308 može da uključuje pregledanje i/ili poliranje. Poliranje može da se izvodi izopropil alkoholom. Korak 310 može da obuhvata pakovanje. Pakovanje može da se obavlja putem bilo kog pogodnog sredstva. Pakovanje može da obuhvata pakovanje kapsula od mekog gela u blister pakovanje, bocu, kutiju, omot ili neko drugo prihvatljivo pakovanje.
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Claims (11)
1. Farmaceutska kompozicija koja sadrži solubilizovani estradiol, mikronizovani i parcijalno solubilizovani progesteron, i sredstvo za solubilizaciju;
pri čemu je sredstvo za solubilizaciju C6-C12 ulje izabrano od monoglicerida C6-C12masnih kiselina, diglicerida C6-C12 masnih kiselina, i njihovih kombinacija; a estradiol i progesteron su prisutni u sredstvu za solubilizaciju.
2. Farmaceutska kompozicija prema patentnom zahtevu 1, naznačena time što je 90% estradiola solubilizovano u sredstvu za solubilizaciju.
3. Farmaceutska kompozicija prema patentnom zahtevu 1, naznačena time što je kompozicija sadržana u želatinskoj kapsuli.
4. Farmaceutska kompozicija prema patentnom zahtevu 1, naznačena time što je ulje kombinacija monoglicerida i diglicerida kaprilne i kaprinske kiseline.
5. Farmaceutska kompozicija prema patentnom zahtevu 1, naznačena time što estradiol ima doznu jačinu od najmanje 0.125 mg i gde progesteron ima doznu jačinu od najmanje 25 mg.
6. Farmaceutska kompozicija prema bilo kom od patentnih zahteva 1 do 5 za upotrebu u terapiji.
7. Farmaceutska kompozicija prema patentnom zahtevu 6 za upotrebu u tretmanu simptoma u vezi sa menopauzom kod žena.
8. Kompozicija za upotrebu prema patentnom zahtevu 6, naznačena time što terapija predstavlja kontinuirano-kombinovani terapijski režim.
9. Farmaceutska kompozicija prema patentnom zahtevu 1, naznačena time što sredstvo za solubilizaciju dodatno sadrži ne-jonski surfaktant.
10. Farmaceutska kompozicija prema patentnom zahtevu 9, naznačena time što je ulje kombinacija monoglicerida i diglicerida kaprilne i kaprinske kiseline,
i gde ne-jonski surfaktant sadrži najmanje jedan glicerid polietilen glikola.
11. Farmaceutska kompozicija prema patentnom zahtevu 10, naznačena time što navedeni najmanje jedan glicerid polietilen glikola predstavljaju lauroil polioksil-32-gliceridi.
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2012
- 2012-11-21 EP EP12850845.4A patent/EP2782584B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2012-11-21 LT LTEPPCT/US2012/066406T patent/LT2782584T/lt unknown
- 2012-11-21 WO PCT/US2012/066406 patent/WO2013078422A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-11-21 CA CA2856520A patent/CA2856520C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-21 MX MX2014006256A patent/MX365818B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-11-21 HR HRP20211377TT patent/HRP20211377T1/hr unknown
- 2012-11-21 ES ES12850845T patent/ES2885523T3/es active Active
- 2012-11-21 US US13/684,002 patent/US8633178B2/en active Active
- 2012-11-21 BR BR112014012444-2A patent/BR112014012444B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2012-11-21 JP JP2014543585A patent/JP6285866B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-21 ES ES21177701T patent/ES3075332T3/es active Active
- 2012-11-21 RS RS20211088A patent/RS62297B1/sr unknown
- 2012-11-21 HU HUE12850845A patent/HUE055562T2/hu unknown
- 2012-11-21 EP EP21177701.6A patent/EP3936133B8/en active Active
- 2012-11-21 PL PL12850845T patent/PL2782584T3/pl unknown
- 2012-11-21 PT PT128508454T patent/PT2782584T/pt unknown
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2013
- 2013-01-25 US US14/125,554 patent/US9248136B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-12-06 US US14/099,571 patent/US8846649B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-06 US US14/099,562 patent/US8987237B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-06 US US14/099,545 patent/US8846648B2/en active Active
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2014
- 2014-09-03 US US14/475,814 patent/US8993548B2/en active Active
- 2014-09-03 US US14/475,946 patent/US9114145B2/en active Active
- 2014-09-03 US US14/476,040 patent/US9114146B2/en active Active
- 2014-09-03 US US14/475,864 patent/US8993549B2/en active Active
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2015
- 2015-08-19 US US14/830,398 patent/US20150352126A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2017
- 2017-09-11 JP JP2017173842A patent/JP6656215B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2018
- 2018-08-16 US US16/104,101 patent/US11793819B2/en active Active
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2020
- 2020-05-27 US US16/885,094 patent/US11103516B2/en active Active
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2021
- 2021-12-08 FR FR21C1058C patent/FR21C1058I2/fr active Active
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2023
- 2023-09-15 US US18/468,665 patent/US20240115584A1/en not_active Abandoned
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