TR201819787A2 - FIBC astar filmi. - Google Patents

FIBC astar filmi. Download PDF

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TR201819787A2
TR201819787A2 TR2018/19787A TR201819787A TR201819787A2 TR 201819787 A2 TR201819787 A2 TR 201819787A2 TR 2018/19787 A TR2018/19787 A TR 2018/19787A TR 201819787 A TR201819787 A TR 201819787A TR 201819787 A2 TR201819787 A2 TR 201819787A2
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film
copolymers
ethylene
copolymer
layer
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TR2018/19787A
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Gkinosatis Dimitris
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Flexopack Sa
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B32B1/08—Tubular products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/285—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyethers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/16—Large containers flexible
    • B65D88/1612—Flexible intermediate bulk containers [FIBC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/02—2 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/31—Heat sealable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
    • B32B2307/7244—Oxygen barrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/738—Thermoformability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2329/00—Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals
    • B32B2329/04—Polyvinylalcohol
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
    • B32B2439/40—Closed containers
    • B32B2439/46—Bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
    • B32B2439/70—Food packaging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1334—Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1334—Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1341—Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

Buluş, kalınlığı 50 ila 300 mikron olan, bir poliolefin homopolimeri veya kopolimerini, erime noktası 100°C ile 120°C arasında olan bir polieter kopolimerini ve oksijen bariyeri oluşturan bir polimer içeren bir tabakayı haiz plastik filme ilişkindir.

Description

TARIFNAME FIBC ASTAR FILMI Bulus bir poliolefin homopolimeri veya kopolimeri, erime noktasi 100°C ve 120°C arasinda olan bir polieter kopolimeri ve oksijen bariyeri olusturan polimer ihtiva eden bir tabaka içeren, kalinligi tercihen 50 ila 300 mikron olan plastik filme iliskindir. BILINEN HUSUSLAR Plastik kaplar "gida ambalaj lari" gibi ambalaj lama uygulamalarinda giderek daha fazla kullanilmaktadir. Dökme gida (örnegin toz halinde gida, kahve, kakao, kabuklu yemis) ambalaj lamasinda siklikla kullanilan tipik bir plastik kap FIBC (= esnek ara dökme yük kabi) olarak adlandirilir. Bu tip kap genellikle bir dokuma polietilen veya polipropilendir. Dokuma malzemenin içinde veya disinda siklikla baska bir plastik astar kullanilir. Bu astar tek bir tabaka veya birden fazla tabakadir ve polimer malzemeleri içerir. US 6,3 74,579"da gösterildigi gibi bu astarin dis dokuma astara farkli yapisma biçimleri vardir. Birden fazla tabaka kullanildiginda, farkli tabakalar, nihai uygulamalar için farkli avantajlar saglar. Iç tabaka (= paketlenmis gidayla direkt temas eden tabaka) çogunlukla çok iyi sizdirmazlik saglamak üzere formüle edilir, böylece paketlenmis ürün için zararli olacak sizmalara karsi koruma saglar. Baska tabakalar, malzemenin mekanik direncini arttirmak için kötü kullanima dayanikli polimerler içerebilir. Oksijene duyarli gida maddeleri söz konusu oldugunda, çok tabakali konstrüksiyonun en azindan bir tabakasi oksijen geçirmeyen malzeme içerir. Bu alanda iyi bilindigi gibi, bu malzemeler örnegin poliamidler PVDC veya EVOH°tur. Çogunlukla çok tabakali film "körüklü boru" konfigürasyonundadir. Bunun nedeni bu konfigürasyonun dökme ürün doldurma, tasima ve bosaltma için bir basit boru konfigürasyonuna göre daha pratik olmasidir. Körükler, filmin izledigi iki "kirma konstrüksiyonu" (çogunlukla ahsap veya metal levhalar) kullanilarak islem sirasinda üretilir. Bu çok tabakali boru seklindeki malzemeler çogunlukla, katlanan çerçeve-sikistirma silindiri bölümünün döndürülmesini içeren "sicak üfleme film" usulüyle üretildigi için, genel bir problem dönmenin ardindan sürekli veya periyodik olarak kirismalar olmasidir ve bu kirpintiyi arttirir ve islem verimliligini azaltir. Kirismalarin boru seklindeki filmin körüklü bir boru haline getirilemeyecegi kadar sik oldugu durumlar vardir. Bu alanda, daha az sert polimerlerde, örnegin LDPE,de, HDPE gibi daha sert polimerlere göre daha iyi körük olusturulabildigi bilinmektedir. Üretim islemi sirasinda etkili bir sekilde bir körük olusturmak için malzemenin daha yumusak ve daha katlanabilir olmasi gerektigine inanilmaktadir. EVOH veya poliamid gibi oksijen bariyeri özellikleri iyi olan bariyer malzemeleri, poliolefinlerden genellikle daha sert olduklari için körük olusturma islemini daha da güçlestirmektedir. Patent basvurusu EP 3 216 599 A1"de filmin en az bir tabakasinda poliolefinlerle karisim halinde bir polieter kopolimeri (poliamidle veya poliolefinlerle) kullanarak körük olusturmayi kolaylastirmanin bir yolu açiklanmaktadir. Bu bulusun sakincasi, yapisma sicakliklarinin 140°C ila 160°C,de, yani polietilen gibi saf poliolefinlerinkinden yüksek sicakliklarda baslamasidir. Normal polietilen, bariyersiz astarlarla ayni veya benzer kosullarda astarlar üretmek için, yapisma sicakligi "pencere"sinin daha düsük sicakliklara, örnegin 120°C,ye indirilmesi gerekmektedir. Plastik yapisinin körüklü hale getirilmesinin kolaylastirilmasina, yani plastik filmin oksijen bariyeri özelliklerinden fedakarlik etmeden, yaygin olarak kullanilan 50-300 mikron araligindaki kalinlikta hiç kirisma olmaksizin körükler olusturmak için yeterli katlanabilirlige ve yeterli kabarcik stabilitesine sahip malzemelerin bulunmasina ihtiyaç vardir. Ayrica körüklü hale getirilebilirlikteki bu artisin düsük sicakliklarda yapistirmada yukaridaki gerekliliklerle kombine edilmesine ihtiyaç vardir. BULUSUN ÖZETI Poliolefinlerle karisimlara erime noktasi 100°C ila 120°C olan polieter kopolimerlerinin ilave edilmesinin, oksijen bariyeri saglayan plastik filmlerdeki körük olusturulabilirligi çok arttirdigi ve ayni zamanda filmin yapismaya baslama sicakligini 120°Csye düsürdügü beklenmedik bir sekilde tespit edildi. Bulusa göre, F IBC astar için çok uygun bir filmin ortalama kalinligi tercihen 50 ila 300 mikrondur ve asagidakileri içerir: * bir poliolefin homopolimeri veya kopolimeri * erime noktasi 100°C ila 120°C araliginda olan bir polieter kopolimeri, * EVOH, poliamid veya PVDC gibi oksijen bariyeri olusturan bir malzeme. Bulusun tercih edilen diger düzenlemeleri, bulusun ayrintili açiklamasinda ele alinacaktir. TANIMLAR Bu basvuruda asagidaki tanimlar kullanilmaktadir: konfigürasyona sahip boru biçiminde plastik bir filmdir. belirtmektedir. birinde en az %10 büzüsen bir filmi belirtmektedir. Büzüsebilirlik ASTM 2732lye göre Burada "MD" olarak kisaltilan "boyuna yön" veya "makine yönü" ifadesi filmin uzunlugu boyunca olan bir yönü belirtmektedir. belirtmektedir. Bu tabakanin, ürünü hava girisine karsi korumak için hava geçirmez bir sekilde sizdirmazlastirilmasi gerektigi için, bu "sizdirmazlik tabakasi" olarak da adlandirilir. Bir film birden fazla ara tabaka içerebilir. Burada "homopolimer" terimi tek bir monomerin polimerizasyonundan kaynaklanan bir polimeri belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Burada "kopolimer" terimi en az iki farkli polimerin polimerizasyonundan kaynaklanan bir polimeri belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Burada "polimer" terimi yukaridaki iki tipi de kapsayacak sekilde kullanilmaktadir. Burada, "poliolefin" terimi olefinlerin polimerizasyonuyla üretilen bütün polimerleri kapsayacak sekilde kullanilmaktadir. Polietilen, polipropilen, polibütilen ve baska ürünler bu genel kategoriye girmektedir. Burada "polietilen" terimi esas olarak etilen tekrar biriminden olusan polimerleri belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Yogunlugu 0.940,1n üzerinde olanlar yüksek yogunluklu polietilen (HDPE) olarak adlandirilir, yogunlugu 0.940"1n altinda olanlar düsük yogunluklu polietilendir (LDPE) Burada "etilen alfa olefin kopolimeri" ifadesi, düsük yogunluklu polietilen (LLDPE), orta yogunluklu polietilen (MDPE), çok düsük yogunluklu polietilen (VLDPE), ultra düsük yogunluklu polietilen (ULDPE), metalosenle katalize edilen polimerler ve polietilen plastomerleri ve elastomerleri gibi polimerleri belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Bu durumlarda, alfa olefin bu alanda bilindigi gibi propen, büten, heksen, okten ve benzeri olabilir. Burada "homojen etilen alfa olefin kopolimerleri" terimi, molekül agirligi dagilimi MWD (MW/Mn) GPC ile ölçüldügünde 2.7,nin altinda olan etilen alfa olef'in kopolimerlerini belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Bu polimerlerin tipik örnekleri D0w"dan AFFINITY veya Exxon"dan Exact,tir. Burada "stiren polimerleri" ifadesi, polistiren gibi stiren homopolimerini ve stiren-bütadien kopolimerleri, stiren-bütadien-stiren kopolimerleri, stiren-izopren-stiren kopolimerleri, stiren-etilen-bütadien-stiren kopolimerleri, etilen-stiren kopolimerleri ve benzerini belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Burada "etilen metakrilat kopolimerleri" ifadesi, etilen ve metakrilat monomerinin kopolimerlerini belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Monomer içerigi agirlikça %40lin altindadir. Kullanilan kisaltma EMA,dir. Burada "etilen Vinil asetat kopolimeri" ifadesi, etilen ve Vinil asetatin kopolimerlerini belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Kullanilan kisaltma EVA"dir. Burada "oksijen bariyeri olusturan polimer", oksijenin paketlere girisine izin vermeyen polimerleri belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Tipik malzemeler poliamid, EVOH ve PVDC ,dir. Burada EVOH terimi etilen Vinil ester kopolimerlerinin sabunlastirilmis ürünlerini belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Etilen içerigi tipik olarak mol basina %25 ila %50 araligindadir. Burada PVDC terimi, kopolimerin önemli bir miktarinin Viniliden klorür içerdigi ve kopolimerin küçük bir miktarinin vinil klorür ve/Veya alkil akrilatlar ve metakrilatlar gibi bir veya daha fazla monomer içerdigi bir Viniliden klorür kopolimerini belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Burada poliamid terimi bu alanda iyi bilindigi gibi amid baglari içeren homopolimerleri ve kopolimerleri belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Burada "iyonomer" terimi sodyum, çinko, lityum veya bunun gibi metallerle nötralize edilmis etilen-asit kopolimerlerini belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Kullanilan asit genellikle metakrilik veya akrilik asittir. Burada "etilen asit kopolimeri" terimi etilenin asitle, en genel olarak metakrilik asit veya akrilik asitle kopolimerlerini belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Burada "poliester" terimi kristal polimerleri, amorf polimerleri ve poliester elastomerlerini belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Yaygin poliesterler kristal PET (polietilen tereftalat), amorf PET, PETG (glikolle modifiye edilmis polietilen tereftalat), PBT (polibütilen tereftalat), PTT (politrimetilen tereftalat), PBM (polibütilen naftalat), PEN (polietilen naftalat), sert ve yumusak bloklarin poliester-eter blok kopolimerleri ve poliester-ester blok kopolimerlerini içerecek sekilde kullanilmaktadir. Baska poliester malzemeleri de yukaridaki tanimin kapsamindadir. Burada "polibütilen" terimi, büten-l homopolimerlerini ve kopolimerlerini belirtmek için kullanilmaktadir. Yararli kopolimerler etilen mer birimleri içerir. Etilen içeriginin genel olarak agirlikça %50,nin altinda olmasi gerekir. Burada sözü edilen bütün ölçüm usulleri bu alanda uzman olanlarin kolayca erisebildigi usullerdir. Örnegin bunlar Amerikan Ulusal Standartlar Enstitüsünden ww.webstore.ansi.org°dan elde edilebilir. Kullanilan bütün yüzdeler aksi belirtilmedikçe agirlikça yüzdedir. BULUSUN AYRINTILI AÇIKLAMASI Bu bulus asagidakileri içeren bir filme iliskindir: * bir poliolefin homopolimeri veya kopolimeri * erime noktasi 100°C ila 120°C araliginda olan bir polieter kopolimeri, * oksijen bariyeri olusturan bir malzeme. Tercih edilen bir düzenlemede, film, körüklü boru formundadir. Tercih edilen baska bir düzenlemede, filmin ortalama kalinligi 50-300 mikron, tercihen 60- 150 mikron, daha tercihen 60-130 mikron araligindadir. Tercih edilen baska bir düzenlemede, poliolefîn homopolimeri veya kopolimeri bir etilen alfa olefin kopolimeridir. Tercih edilen baska bir düzenlemede, alfa olefin büten, heksen veya oktendir. Tercih edilen baska bir düzenlemede, etilen alfa olefin kopolimerleri metalosen katalizörlerle üretilir. FILM KONSTRÜKSIYONU Tercihen film 5 ila 15 tabaka, daha tercihen 7 ila 12 tabaka içerir. 7 tabakali filmin tipik bir örnegi söyledir: Dis tabaka/ara tabaka/baglayici tabaka/bariyer tabakasi/baglayici tabaka/ara tabaka/iç Film tercihen sicak üfleme film usulüyle üretilir ve isiyla büzüsmez. Bariyer tabakasi/tabakalari Tercih edilen bir düzenlemede film, paketin bilesenlerini oksijen girisinin zararli etkisinden korumak için oksijen bariyeri özelligi geliskin malzemeler içerir. EVOH tercih edilen bir seçenektir, ama poliamid ve PVDC de uygun alternatiflerdir. EVOH mol basina tercihen %24 ila %50, daha tercihen %27 ila %48 etilen içerir. Bulusun tercih edilen baska bir düzenlemesinde, bariyer polimer poliamiddir. En uygun poliamidler poliamid 6 ve kopolimer 6/66 veya 6/123dir. Ara tabaka(lar) Tercihen ara tabakalar farkli poliolefinler içerir. Tercih edilen poliolefinler etilen alfa olefin kopolimerleri olup, burada alfa olefin tercihen büten, heksen veya oktendir. Tercih edilen bir düzenlemede etilen alfa olefin kopolimerleri yogunluklari 0.870 g/cm3 ila 0.960 g/cm3 olan rastgele kopolimerlerdir. Tercih edilen baska bir düzenlemede, GPC ile ölçüldügünde etilen alfa olefin kopolimerlerinin molekül agirligi dagilimi MWD (MW/Mn) ,un altinda, tercihen 5,in altinda, tercihen 3"ün altindadir. Baglayici tabaka(lar) Bu alanda iyi bilindigi gibi poliolefinler ile EVOH gibi oksijen bariyeri olusturan polimerler arasinda hiçbir dogal yapisma olmaz. Baglayici tabaka için uygun malzemeler arasinda maleik anhidrürle modifiye edilmis EVA, maleik anhidrürle modifiye edilmis polietilen, maleik anhidrürle modifiye edilmis EMA, maleik anhidrürle modifiye edilmis elastomer, kismen sabunlastirilmis EVA kopolimeri ve poliüretan elastomeri yer alir. Poliamid ve EVOH arasindaki güçlü dogal yapisma nedeniyle baglayici tabakalarda poliamidler de kullanilabilir. Tercih edilen poliamidler poliamid 6, poliamid 6/66 ve poliamid 6/12ldir. Dis tabaka Filmin dis tabakasi tercihen Ziegler Natta tarafindan üretilen etilen alfa olefin kopolimerleri ve/veya düsük yogunluklu polietilen (LDPE) veya metalosen katalizör içerir. Polipropilen, etilen vinil asetat, etilen metil akrilat, etilen bütil akrilat, iyonomer, poliester Iç tabaka Filmin iç tabakasi, paketlenmis ürün için zararli olabilecek sizmaya ve içeriye oksijen girisine izin verilmemesini saglamak için filmin kendisini sizdirmazlastirabilecektir. Iç tabaka için uygun malzemeler arasinda farkli poliolefinler, tercihen etilen alfa olefin kopolimerleri, düsük yogunluklu polietilen, polipropilen, etilen vinil asetat, etilen metil akrilat, iyonomer, etilen bütil akrilat ve benzeri yer alir. Genel olarak, yukaridaki tabakalar bloklasmayi önleyici, kaydirici, bugu önleyici, polimerin islenebilirligini arttirici maddeler ve bunun gibi, katki maddeleri alaninda iyi bilinen baska maddeler içerebilir. Polieter kopolimerleri Iç tabakaya erime noktasi 100°C ila 120°C araliginda olan polieter kopolimerleri ilave edildiginde, filmin yapismaya baslama sicakliginin 120°C,ye düstügünü, burada filmin körük olusturulabilirliginin çok iyi olmaya devam ettigini beklenmedik bir sekilde fark ettik. Film katlanip bükülen çerçevenin bütün dönüsü sirasinda islem sirasinda herhangi bir kirisma olmadan mükemmel bir sekilde körüklü bir boruya dönüsmektedir. Tercihen iç tabakaya erime noktasi 100°C ila 120°C olan polieter kopolimerleri agirlikça %5 ila %20 araligindaki bir miktarda ilave edilir. Tercih edilen polieter kopolimerleri, poliolefinler, poliamidler veya poliesterler kopolimerlerdir. Bulus için yararli olan bir polieter kopolimerinin tipik bir örnegi Sanyo Chemical°dan Pelestat LM230,dur. Tercih edilen bir düzenlemede, polieter kopolimerlerinin erime noktalari 100°C ila 120°C, tercihen 110°C ila 120°C araligindadir. Erime noktasi daha düsükse, polimer yapiskanligina bagli olarak daha yüksek sürtünmeyle körük olusturulabilirlik azalir, erime sicakliklari daha yüksek oldugunda ise yapismaya baslama sicakligi artar. Polieter kopolimerinin tercih edilen eriyik akis indeksi (MFI) ASTM D 1238,e göre ölçüldügünde 190°C,de ve 21.18 N,de 12,nin üzerindedir. YAPISMAYA BASLAMA SICAKLIGI Bu terim bu basvuruda, yapistirma süresi 2 saniye, yapistirma basinci 4 bar ve yapistirma istasyonu darbeli tipte oldugunda ortalama yapisma kuvvetinin (ASTM F88,e göre ölçülür) en az 25N/ 15 mm yapisma genisligi olmasina izin veren düsük yapisma sicakligi olarak tanimlanmaktadir. Bu bulusun filmlerinde yapismaya baslama sicakligi 130°C,nin altinda, POLIETER KOPOLIMERININ ERIME NOKTASI Polieter kopolimerinin erime noktasi bu alanda iyi bilindigi gibi DSC"yle (=diferansiyel tarama kalorimetrisi) ölçülür. Bu bulusta kullanilan polieter kopolimerinin erime noktasi 100°C ile 120°C arasindadir. Bu bulusun filmini üretmek için tercih edilen usul bu alanda iyi bilindigi gibi sicak üfleme film usulüdür. ÖRNEKLER Ticari bir sicak üfleme film hattindan asagidaki filmi ürettik: * Dis tabaka, kalinlik 30 mikron * Ara tabaka 1, kalinlik 10 mikron * Baglayici tabaka 1, kalinlik 8 mikron * EVOH %38, kalinlik 8 mikron * Baglayici tabaka 2, kalinlik 8 mikron *Ara tabaka 2, kalinlik 20 mikron *Iç tabaka, kalinlik 12 mikron. Dis tabaka asagidakilerin bir karisimiydi: Ara tabaka l asagidakilerin bir karisimiydi: LDPE dis tabakada kullanilanla ayniydi. Baglayici tabaka 1 maleik anhidrür LLDPE bazli kopolimerdi. Balayici tabaka 2, baglayici tabaka l,e benzerdi. Ara tabaka 2 ara tabaka 1,in tamamen aynisiydi. Iç tabaka asagidakilerin bir karisimiydi: Kullanilan polieter kopolimeri Sanyo ChemicaFdan Pelestat LM230,du. Örnek 2,de, dis tabakada kullanilan LDPE,nin yerini ara tabaka 1"de kullanilan etilen heksen kopolimeri aldi. Bu örnekte EVOH %38 yerine daha sert olan ve körük olusturmanin daha güç oldugu düsünülen %32 kullanildi. KARSILASTIRMALI ÖRNEK Karsilastirmali örnek, örnek l,e benzerdi, ama polieter kopolimeri kullanilmayip onun yerine MV PEBAX 1074 SAOl kullanildi. Bu malzemenin erime noktasi diferansiyel tarama kalorimetrisiyle (DSC) ölçüldügünde 158°C"dir. INCELEME SISTEMI Üfleme film hattinin kulesi üzerine bu alanda bilindigi gibi iki körük levhasi monte edildi. Her örnek yapi 2 saat üretimde tutuldu ve kirisma sayisi izlendi. Kirismalar vakitli araliklarla ortaya çikma egilimi gösterdigi için, "kirisma vakalarini" kaydettik, yani 3,ten fazla kirisinanin üfleme film hattinin sikistirma bölümünden geçtigi her vakayi kaydettik. Dönme hizi bütün deneyler sirasinda sabit tutuldu. SONUÇLAR Örnek 1 ve 2,de 2 vaka, örnek 3,te ise 3 vaka kaydedildi. Karsilastirmali örnekte 2 vaka kaydedildi. Dolayisiyla, bulus önceki teknigin iyi körük olusturulabilirligini korumaktadir. YAPISMAYA BASLAMA Yapismaya baslama testi bir Toss yapistirma makinesinde, yapistirma süresi 2 saniye ve yapistirma basinci 4 barda tutularak yapildi. Yapistinnada iç taraf iç tarafa yapistirildi. Örnek 1,in ölçülen yapismaya baslama sicakliginin 120°C oldugu tespit edildi, karsilastirmali örnek içinse yapismaya baslama sicakligi 170°C olarak ölçüldü. TR
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