Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/535—Organo-phosphoranes
  • C07F9/5352—Phosphoranes containing the structure P=C-
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
  • C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
  • C07F9/40—Esters thereof
  • C07F9/4003—Esters thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
  • C07F9/4006—Esters of acyclic acids which can have further substituents on alkyl

Definitions

• the invention relates to the preparation of chirally pure rosuvastatin intermediates and to the preparation of rosuvastatin and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Rosuvastatin calcium has the chemical name (7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(N-methyl-N-methylsulfonylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-(3R,5S)-dihydroxy-(E)-6-heptenoic acid calcium salt), and has the following chemical formula:
• Rosuvastatin calcium is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, developed by Shionogi for the once daily oral treatment of hyperlipidaemia (Ann Rep, Shionogi, 1996; Direct communications, Shionogi, 8 Feb. 1999 & 25 Feb. 2000). Rosuvastatin calcium is a superstatin, which can lower LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides more effectively than first generation statin drugs. Rosuvastatin calcium is marketed under the name CRESTOR for the treatment of a mammal such as a human. According to the maker of CRESTOR, it is administered in a daily dose of from about 5 mg to about 40 mg.
• WO 03/087112 discloses the synthesis of rosuvastatin from a different intermediate, (3R)-3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-dimethoxyphosphinyl-5-oxo-hexanoate, which was synthesized from 3-hydroxy diethyl glutarate via partial hydrolysis by a microorganism to obtain enantiomerically pure glutaric acid derivative according to the following scheme:
• WO 03/087112 may not be desirable on an industrial scale because it requires the use of an expensive microorganism, such as CLS-BC-14011, during the partial hydrolysis of 3-hydroxy diethyl glutarate. Additionally, the process uses hazardous materials, such as isobutylene gas, during esterification of ethyl-(3S)-3-hydroxyglutaric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid. Also, the purification of TSPH by column chromatography is commercially difficult.
• US publication no.: 2005/0070605A1 discloses the enantioselective opening of 3-hydroxy protected glutaric anhydride by phenylethylamine to form an amide bond, and further conversion to obtain the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
• the process is problematic inter alia due to the breaking step of phenyl ethyl amide bond in final step of cerivastatin and in the removal of phenylethylamine in the synthesis of pitavastatin.
• PCT publication no. WO 2006/021326 discloses the opening of 3-hydroxy protected glutaric anhydride by methanol to obtain racemic methyl 3( ⁇ )-3-(t-butyl dimethylsilyloxy)-6-dimethoxy-phosphinyl-5-oxohexanoate, and the preparation of racemic methyl (3R)-3-(t-butyl dimethylsilyloxy)-6-dimethoxy-phosphinyl-5-oxohexanoate.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,879 discloses the preparation of both methyl (3R)-3-(t-butyl dimethylsilyloxy)-6-dimethoxy-phosphinyl-5-oxohexante and 3(R)-3(t-butyl dimethylsilyloxy)-5-oxo-6-triphenyl-phoporanylidene hexanoate from (3R) 3-[(t-butyl dimethylsilyl)oxy]-glutaric acid 1-(R)-( ⁇ )-mandelate and (3S) 3-[(t-butyl dimethylsilyl)oxy]-glutaric acid 1-(S)-(+)-mandelate, respectively.
• This process employs explosive and toxic materials, such as diazomethane. Moreover, this process is complex and the reported yield is low.
• J. Org. Chem., 1991, Vol. 56, 3744-3747 discloses the preparation of (3R)-3-(t-butyl dimethylsilyloxy)-6-dimethoxy-phosphinyl-5-oxohexanoate from 3-hydroxy protected glutaric anhydride.
• phenylethylamine is used to prepare amide bond to get enantioselectivity
• This process involves hazardous reactions, such as N 2 O 4 oxidation, followed by a hydrogenation reaction to cleave the amino group of the resolving agent, and the use of toxic materials such as diazomethane for methylation of the free acid.
• the process is also expensive due to the use of palladium catalyst.
• the heavy metal could remain as an impurity in the final product and deteriorate its quality.
• PCT publication no. WO 00/49014 discloses the synthesis of rosuvastatin using intermediates with other side chains via a Wittig reaction.
• EP 850,902 discloses the removal of triphenylphosphine derivatives in mixtures.
• One of the embodiments of the present invention provides a salt of a base cation having the following formula (X):
• the base is a chiral base
• Z is a hydroxy protecting group and R 2 is an alkyl group of 1-5 carbon atoms.
• the base is a chiral base
• Z is a hydroxy protecting group and R 2 is an alkyl group of 1-5 carbon atoms.
• the base is a chiral base
• Z is a hydroxy protecting group and R 2 is an alkyl group of 1-5 carbon atoms.
• the base is a chiral base
• Z is a hydroxy protecting group and R 2 is an alkyl group of 1-5 carbon atoms.
• Still one of the embodiments of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of the compound formula (XII) comprising reacting the compound of formula (XI)
• One of the embodiments of the present invention provides a process for preparing the compound of formula (I) from compound of formula (XII)
• dialkyl phosphonate of the general formula:
• a phosphonium anion wherein Z is a hydroxy protecting group; R 2 , and R 3 are alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms; X is an alkoxy group of C 1 to C 5 carbon atoms.
• the present invention relates to processes for the production of chirally pure rosuvastatin intermediates for the preparation of compound of formula (I) and (II), which can be used for the preparation of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, said process comprising of the steps of:
• the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of the compound of formula (I), comprising reacting compound of formula (A) with dialkyl phosphonate in the presence of base with alkali or alkaline earth metal halide.
• Yet another embodiment of invention provides a chirally pure compound of formula (X).
• the present invention also provides the preparation of the compound of (XII).
• alkyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing no unsaturation, having from one to eight carbon atoms, and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl), n-butyl, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl), and the like.
• the alkyl group is a C 1 -C 4 group.
• the alkyl group is a C 1 -C 4 group, i.e. lower alkyl.
• alkoxy denotes alkyl group as defined above attached via oxygen linkage to the rest of the molecule. Representative examples of those groups are —OCH 3 , —OC 2 H 5 and the like. Preferably the alkoxy group is a C 1 -C 4 group.
• substituents in the “substituted alkyl” or “substituted aryl or phenyl” may be selected from the groups such as hydroxy, carboxyl, alkyl (such as C 1 -C 4 ), alkoxy (such as C 6 -C 12 ), aryl (such as C 6 -C 12 ), arylalkyl (such as C 6 -C 12 ), cycloalkyl (such as C 6 -C 12 ) and amino.
• the present invention provides a process for the preparation of the compound of the formula (I) having the following structure:
• One aspect of the present invention is the use of alkali and alkali earth metal halide in the process of preparation of the compound of the formula (I), which results in achieving the final compound with less amount of elimination impurity.
• Another aspect of the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a chirally pure compound of formula (I) or formula (II) having the following structure:
• the invention relates to processes for the production of chirally pure compounds of formula (I) and formula (II), which can be used for the preparation of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors,
• the compounds of formula (I) and formula (II) can be made by a process starting from Formula (IV).
• the compound of the formula (IV) maybe utilized as a starting material for the process of preparation of the compound of formula (V) by hydrolyzing the compound of formula (IV) in the presence of base as shown below:
• Z is a hydroxy protecting group
• R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl group.
• the protecting group is preferably a silyl group, including trialkylsilysl group having the formula —Si(A) 3 where each A is independently selected from a C 1 -C 6 linear or branched aliphatic or aromatic group.
• Examples of silyl groups include triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
• the silyl group is most preferably tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
• Example of bases include alkali metal and alkali earth metal bases, including hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates of alkali or alkali earth metals.
• Preferred bases are potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide and most preferably sodium hydroxide.
• the process may further comprise a solvent.
• a suitable solvent that can be used is a C 1 -C 4 alcohol.
• Preferably the solvent for the hydrolysis is methanol.
• the temperature can be of about 30° C. to about 120° C.
• compound of formula IV is combined with a suitable solvent, such as methanol, water and a base, such as sodium hydroxide.
• a suitable solvent such as methanol, water and a base, such as sodium hydroxide.
• a preferred temperature range is about 30° C. to about 130° C.
• the hydrolysis reaction is complete in about 1-2 hours. A white colored salt can be observed.
• An acid is then added to convert the salt of compound V to compound V.
• Hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid can be used.
• the reaction mixture can then be extracted with a water immiscible organic solvent such as dichloromethane.
• the organic solvent can be evaporated, such as under a pressure of less than one atmosphere, or a temperature of about 25° C. to obtain a crude product.
• a suitable drying temperature is about 40° C. to about 50° C.
• the crude product can be slurried in a hydrocarbon, such as hexane to obtain a more pure product.
• the pure product can then
• the compound of the formula (VI) maybe prepared by cyclization of the of the compound of formula (V) in the presence of aliphatic acid anhydride as shown below:
• the aliphatic acid anhydride can have the following structure:
• R a and R b are independently selected from C 1 -C 5 alkyl groups.
• acid anhydrides include C 3 to C 9 aliphatic acid anhydride.
• acid anhydrides include formic acid anhydride, acetic acid anhydride, propionic acid anhydride, butyric acid anhydride, and mixtures, and most preferably acetic anhydride.
• the temperature can be of about 40° C. to about 60° C.
• compound of Formula IV can be combined with an anhydride, such as acetic anhydride.
• the reaction mixture can then be heated, such as about 100° C. to about reflux temperature to accelerate the reaction.
• the reaction is generally complete after about 1-3 hours.
• the remaining acetic anhydride can be removed by reducing the pressure to less than one atmosphere and/or heating, such as to a temperature of about 75-80° C.
• the crude product can be crystallized from a C 5 -C 12 hydrocarbon such as a cyclic or linear hexane.
• the pure product can be dried, such at under reduced pressure and/or elevated temperature of about 30° C. to about 50° C.
• the compound of formula (VII) where the squiggly line represents a racemic mixture of isomers maybe prepared by comprising opening of the compound of formula (VII) in the presence of alcohol as shown below:
• R 1 wherein Z and R 1 wherein R1 is a C 1 -C 5 alkyl group (R 1 Is preferably methyl).
• the alcohols used have the formula R 1 —OH, wherein R 1 is a C 1 -C 5 group.
• examples of alcohols include C1-C5 alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, tert-butanol, pentanol, and most preferably methanol.
• Examples of bases include alkali metal bases and alkaline earth metal bases, such as hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates, more particularly potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide and most preferably sodium hydroxide. A base in not necessary when methanol is used as a solvent.
• compound VI is combined with a C 1 -C 5 alcohol such as methanol, and the reaction mixture is heated to accelerate the reaction. Heating can be carried out to a temperature of about 60° C. to about 65° C.
• the product can then extracted with a water immiscible organic solvent, such as dichloromethane.
• the product can be recovered by removing the solvent (e.g. dichloromethane), such as by evaporation.
• Yamaguchi esterification of the compound of formula (VII) is carried out in the presence of alcohol having the formula R2-OH with base and optionally a coupling agent yields the compound of formula VIII, as shown below:
• R 1 and R 2 are, independently, optionally substituted alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms.
• alcohols having the formula R 2 —OH include alcohol where R 2 is a C 1 -C 5 alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, tert-butanol, pentanol, and most preferably methanol.
• Bases such as organic amines, both aryl and alkyl amines, and nitrogen heterocycles optionally substituted with aryl and alkyl groups can be used. On example of a base is DMAP.
• Amines of formula NR 3 preferably wherein the groups (R) are independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl and C 6 -C 12 aryl.
• R 1 and R 2 are preferably different from each other to allow for selective hydrolysis of compound of Formula VIII.
• R 2 is a t-butyl group and R 1 is a methyl group.
• compound of Formula (VII) can be combined with a solvent such as dichloromethane and cooled. Then a coupling agent such as DCC, t-butanol or another alcohol, and a base catalyst such as dimethylaminopyridine are combined with the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is then stirred to obtain compound of formula VIII. The reaction mixture can then be evaporated and the residue dissolved in a hydrocarbon such as toluene. The toluene can then be evaporated to obtain a residue.
• a solvent such as dichloromethane and cooled.
• a coupling agent such as DCC, t-butanol or another alcohol
• a base catalyst such as dimethylaminopyridine
• the compound formula (IX) is prepared by selective hydrolysis of the compound of formula (VIII) in the presence of base, as shown below:
• Example of bases include alkali metal, alkali earth metal, more particularly potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide and most preferably sodium hydroxide.
• the reaction can be carried out in the following solvents: C 1 -C 4 alcohols.
• the temperature can be of about 35° C. to about 120° C.
• compound of Formula VIII where R 2 is a t-butyl group and R 1 is a methyl group is combined with a C 1 -C 4 alcohol such as ethanol and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal base such as sodium or potassium hydroxide.
• the reaction mixture is heated to accelerate the reaction, such as to a temperature of about 35 C to about 120 C, preferably 40° C. to about 60° C.
• Batchwise addition of the base can be used to avoid diacid formation (such as 4% solution in 1-1.2 molar equivalents in lot wise, slow addition).
• the starting material preferably has a t-butyl ester and a methyl ester, where the methyl ester is hydrolyzed but not the t-butyl ester.
• water can be added to the reaction mixture followed by a water immiscible solvent such as toluene.
• a water immiscible solvent such as toluene.
• the aqueous layer can be acidified to move the organic compound to the toluene layer, from which it can be recovered by evaporating the toluene.
• the present invention also provides a salt having the following formula:
• the base is a chiral base; wherein Z is a hydroxy protecting group and R 2 is an alkyl group of 1-5 carbon atoms.
• the chiral base is an amine.
• R 2 is t-butyl.
• R 8 and R 9 are different and each is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-15 alkyl, and C 6 to C 12 aryl.
• R 8 is C 1-15 alkyl, more preferably C 1 -C 4 alkyl and R 9 is a C 6 to C 12 aryl, more preferably phenyl.
• R 8 is methyl and R 9 is phenyl.
• the base is a phenylalkylamine. More preferably, the phenylalkylamine is selected from a group of 1-phenylethylamine, 1-phenylpropylamine, 1-phenylisobutylamine, 1-phenylbutylamine and 1-phenylpentylamine. Most preferably the amine is R (+)-phenylethylamine or S ( ⁇ )-phenylethylamine.
• the R (+)-phenylethylamine salt has the following structure:
• the above salts can be prepared by combining the compound of Formula IX with a chiral base as described above, according to the following scheme (shown from general compounds to more specific compounds):
• the chiral base is in the amount of 1-2 molar equivalents based on the compound of formula (IX).
• the reaction can be carried out in a solvent selected from the group of C 1 -C 4 aliphatic alcoholic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, and t-butyl alcohol, preferably isopropyl alcohol; C 6 -C 10 aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, benzene, hexanes and cyclohexane; C 2 -C 8 aliphatic esters, such as methyl acetate, ethylacetate, t-butylacetate and isopropyl acetate; C 4 -C 8 ethers, such as methyl t-butyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; and chlorinated solvent (C 1 -C 6 alkyl substituted with 1-4 chlorine atoms) such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethylene
• the reaction temperature for formation of the salt is preferably about ⁇ 60° C. to 80° C., more preferably about 0° C. to 70° C. If the temperature rises above about 30° C. a low yield may result; if the temperature of the reaction is below about 0° C., the reaction rate slows down.
• the temperature for salt formation is about 0° C. to about 30° C.
• compound IX is combined with a suitable solvent such as a C 1 -C 5 alcohol, preferably isopropanol, and a chiral amine base, preferably, R(+) phenylethyl amine.
• a suitable solvent such as a C 1 -C 5 alcohol, preferably isopropanol, and a chiral amine base, preferably, R(+) phenylethyl amine.
• the reaction mixture can be maintained until observing a white colored salt.
• the reaction mixture can be heated, after observing the salt such as to a temperature of about 60° C. to about 70° C., to obtain a solution, followed by crystallization. Crystallization can be carried out by cooling to a temperature of about 10° C. to about 30° C.
• the product can then be dried. Drying can be carried out at a pressure of less than one atmosphere or at elevated temperature, such as about 30° C. to about 50° C.
• the chiral purification process can be repeated multiple
• the isomer of compound IX remaining in the mother liquor can be further recycled.
• This isomer has the following structure:
• the undesired isomer can be recycled by racemisation, for example, by reaction with a base such as an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, including sodium hydroxide.
• a base such as an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, including sodium hydroxide.
• the mother liquor containing the isomer can be extracted with a solvent, such as a C 6 -C 12 aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably toluene, particularly at acidic pH.
• a solvent such as a C 6 -C 12 aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably toluene, particularly at acidic pH.
• a C 1 -C 4 alcohol preferably under dry conditions, can be added to the toluene.
• a base is added to racemize the isomer.
• the temperature can be raised to accelerate the reaction, such as of about 30° C. to about 50° C.
• the racemized product can then be acidified to convert the salt to a free acid. It can be extracted with an organic solvent such as dichloromethane.
• the product can then be recovered as a residue by removing the solvent.
• One embodiment of the invention comprises a process for the preparation of the compound formula (XI) comprising reacting the salt of structure
• the salt can be that formed with a chiral amine base.
• the hydroxy protecting group Z is preferably a silyl group, including trialkylsilyl group having the formula —Si(A) 3 where each A is independently selected from a C 1 -C 6 linear or branched aliphatic or aromatic group.
• silyl groups include triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
• the silyl group is most preferably tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
• the reaction preferably takes place (including with other salts including Xa and Xb) in the presence of a reaction solvent.
• a reaction solvent is a water miscible solvent. Water is preferably used as a reaction solvent.
• Suitable acids include, for example, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid, preferably in aqueous solution. C1-C8 aliphatic organic acids such as formic and acetic acids can also be used. Diluted hydrochloride acid can be used in a concentration range of 1N to 10N, more preferably 1N-2N and dilute acetic acid can be used in a range of 5%-10%. Preferably, dilute hydrochloric acid is used in an amount of about 1-2 equivalents based on the compound of formula (X).
• the reaction temperature is preferably about 0° C. to 50° C., more preferably about 0° C.-30° C.
• compound X is combined with a salt such as sodium chloride to obtain saturation and an acid such as hydrochloric acid.
• a salt such as sodium chloride
• an acid such as hydrochloric acid.
• the reaction mixture is stirred and is extracted with a water immiscible organic solvent such as dichloromethane.
• the solvent can be removed by evaporation to obtain a residue.
• the compound of formula XI obtained is enantiomerically pure, preferably at least about 90% enantiomerically pure, more preferably at least about 95% enantiomerically pure and most preferably at least about 99% enantiomerically pure.
• the present invention also provides a process for preparing the chiral pure R-isomer compound of formula:
• the resolution comprises combining the compound to be purified with chiral ratio of about 80:20 to about 85:15 with compound of formula 9a or 9b to get a salt of formula 8b, having the following structure:
• a C 1 -C 4 alcohol selected from the group consisting of: as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol and t-butyl alcohol, more preferably isopropyl alcohol.
• the compound of formula 9a is used in a molar ratio of about 1 to about 2 to the compound of formula 6a at a temperature of about 0° C. to about 70° C.
• the obtained product is crystallized to get chirally pure salt of formula 8c having the following structure:
• the salt of formula 8c is hydrolyzed in aqueous medium using a mineral acid to get the compound of formula 6 with chiral purity of about 99 to about 100%, more preferably about 99.5 to about 99.8% as measured by chiral HPLC.
• the mineral acid may be: a dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid.
• dilute hydrochloric acid is used.
• Hydrochloric acid is added in an amount of about 1 to about 2 equivalents with regard to the compound of formula 8c, at a temperature of about 0° C. to about 50° C., preferably at about 0° C. to about 30° C.
• Yet another embodiment of the invention comprises a process for the preparation of the compound formula (XII) including reacting the compound of formula (XI) with or a compound of formula R f CO—Y in the presence of base as shown below:
• Z is a hydroxy protecting group as described above and R 2 has the same meaning as described above; and X is an alkoxy group of C 1 to C 5 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkyl group of C 1 to C 5 carbons, wherein R f refers to a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, Y is halogen.
• the alkyl chloroformate has the formula R e OCOCl, wherein R e refers to a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably C 1 -C 2 .
• R f is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, more preferably C 2 -C 4 and most preferably t-butyl
• Y is preferably C 1 .
• the compound of formula R f CO—Y such as pivaloylchloride is used in an amount of about 1-5 equivalents based on the compound of the formula (XI), more preferably 1-2 equivalents based on the compound of the formula (XI).
• the reaction solvent can be at least one of C 1 -C 4 aliphatic alcoholic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, and t-butyl alcohol, preferably isopropyl alcohol; C 6 -C 10 aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, benzene, hexanes and cyclohexane; C 2 -C 8 aliphatic esters, such as methyl acetate, ethylacetate, t-butylacetate and isopropyl acetate; ethers, such as methyl t-butyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; and chlorinated solvent (C 1 -C 6 alkyl substituted with 1-4 chlorine atoms) such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethylene, and tetrachloroethane
• organic amines are preferred.
• amines such as trialkylamine of formula NR a R b R c preferably wherein R a , R b , and R c are independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl group, more preferably C 1-4 and most preferably C 2 can be used, preferably in an amount of about 1-5 equivalents based on the compound of formula (XI), more preferably about 1-3 equivalents.
• the reaction can be carried out at a temperature range of ⁇ 50° C. to 50° C. If the temperatures rises above about 50° C., by-products may be produced; and further if the temperature of the reaction is below about ⁇ 50° C., the reaction rate slows down.
• Preferred temperature ranges of the reaction are ⁇ 50° to 0° C., and more preferably about ⁇ 50° C. to about 0° C., and most preferably ⁇ 50° C. to ⁇ 20° C.
• compound of Formula XI is combined with a compound of formula compound of formula R f CO—Y such as pivaloyl chloride and an organic solvent.
• a C 6 -C 10 aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbon such as toluene, or a C1-C6 chlorinated hydrocarbon such as dichloromethene or dichloroethane is suitable.
• the reaction is then cooled to 50° C. to ⁇ 20° C., to which a base such as a trialkylamines is added.
• NR a R b R c C preferably wherein R a , R b , and R c are independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl group, more preferably C 1-4 and most preferably C 2 .
• the temperature I then raised and the reaction is quenched, such as by addition of water.
• Compound of Formula XII can then be recovered from the organic layer.
• the organic layer can be separated and evaporated, such as under pressure of less than one atmosphere to obtain compound of Formula XI as a residue.
• the compound of formula (I) can be prepared by reacting the compound of formula (XII) with a salt of dialkyl alkylphosphonate of the general formula:
• R 2 , and R 3 are, independently, an optionally substituted alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms;
• X is an alkoxy group of C 1 to C 5 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkyl group of C 1 -C 5 carbons.
• R 3 and R 3 ′ are methyl groups.
• the phosphonate depicted above is suspended in a solvent such as diethyl ether or THF (tetrahydrofuran) and a strong base, preferably a C 1 -C 8 aryl or alkyl metal base, such as the organolithium reagents phenyllithium or n-butyllithium is added.
• a solvent such as diethyl ether or THF (tetrahydrofuran)
• a strong base preferably a C 1 -C 8 aryl or alkyl metal base, such as the organolithium reagents phenyllithium or n-butyllithium is added.
• the lithium salt has the following structure:
• the process can includes the steps of: a) combining a first solution containing C 1 -C 8 alkyl or aryl metals such as an alkyllithium, e.g. n-butyl lithium or phenyllithium with a mixture containing dialkyl phosphonate and a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran to form a reaction mixture, and b) adding a second solution containing the compound of formula (XII) to the reaction mixture obtained in step a).
• the solution containing the compound of formula (XII) is preferably added to the reaction mixture over a period of about 5 to 90 minutes.
• the reaction can be carried out at a temperature range of ⁇ 110° C. to 0° C.
• the optimal temperature range of the reaction is ⁇ 110° to ⁇ 50° C.
• a C 1 -C 4 dialkyl phosphonate is used, and more preferably dimethyl methylphosphonate is used in the process of the invention, preferably in an amount of about 1-5 equivalents based on the compound of the formula (XII), more preferably 2-4 equivalents.
• the solvent is selected from C 1 -C 4 aliphatic alcoholic solvent, a C 6 -C 10 aromatic and C 5 -C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbon, a C 2 -C 8 aliphatic ester, a C 4 -C 8 ether (including cyclic compounds), and a C 1 -C 6 aliphatic solvent with one, two or three chlorine atoms.
• solvents include toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane; ethers, methyl t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran.
• the solvent is tetrahydrofuran.
• Suitable bases include C 1 -C 8 alkyl lithium bases, such as n-butyl lithium, preferably in the amount of 1-5 equivalents based on the compound of formula (XII), more preferably in the amount of 3-4 equivalents.
• dimethylmethylphosphonate is combined with a suitable solvent such as a C4-C8 ether such as tetrahydrofuran.
• a suitable solvent such as a C4-C8 ether such as tetrahydrofuran.
• the reaction mixture is then cooled before addition of a strong base such an organolithium reagent such as phenyllithium or n-butyllithium.
• the reaction is maintained to obtain anion formation.
• Compound of Formula XII is then added to the reaction mixture, preferably in the same solvent.
• the reaction mixture is obtained to complete the reaction.
• the reaction can be quenched by addition of ammonium chloride.
• the reaction can be carried out at a preferred temperature of about ⁇ 70 C to about ⁇ 80 C.
• reaction mixture can be warmed, such as to about 25 C, and the pH adjusted to about 5 to about 6 with an acid such as HCl.
• the product, compound of formula one can be extracted into a water immiscible solvent such as toluene.
• the toluene can then be evaporated to obtain the product.
• the compound of formula (XII) can also be utilized for the preparation of the Formula (II) by reacting the compound of formula (XII) with triarylphosphonium alkylhalide of the general formula:
• Z is a hydroxy protecting group, as described above and R 2 is optionally substituted alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms;
• X is an alkoxy group of C 1 to C 5 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkyl group of C 1 to C 5 carbons;
• R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 independently, are selected from from C 6 -C 10 aryl group, preferably phenyl or substituted phenyl groups and R g is a C 1 -C 6 group, wherein V is halide, e.g., Cl, Br, I, preferably Br.
• the triarylphosphonium alkylhalide is triphenylphosphonium methylbromide.
• the triarylphosphonium alkylhalide such as triphenylphosphonium methylbromide, is present in an amount of about 1-5 equivalents based on the compound of the formula (XII), more preferably 2-4 equivalents.
• the process can include the steps of: a) combining a first solution containing n-butyl lithium with a mixture containing dialkyl phosphonate and tetrahydrofuran to form a reaction mixture, and b) adding a second solution containing the compound of formula (XII) to the reaction mixture obtained in step a), at a temperature of about ⁇ 55° C. to ⁇ 50° C.
• the solution containing the compound of formula (XII) is preferably added to the reaction mixture over a period of about 30 to 120 minutes.
• the reaction temperature is preferably maintained at about ⁇ 55° C. to ⁇ 50° C.
• the solvent is selected from C 1 -C 4 aliphatic alcoholic solvent, a C 6 -C 10 aromatic and C 5 -C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbon, a C 2 -C 8 aliphatic ester, a C 4 -C 8 ether (including cyclic compounds), and a C 1 -C 6 aliphatic solvent with one, two or three chlorine atoms.
• Specific examples of such solvents include aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, benzene, xylene, and cyclohexane; and ethers, such as methyl t-butyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, preferably tetrahydrofuran.
• the C 1 -C 8 alkyllithium such as N-butyl lithium or other C 1 -C 8 alkyl metal can be used as a base, preferably in the amount of 1-5 equivalents based on the compound of formula (XII), more preferably in the amount of 3-4 equivalents.
• the compound of formula (I) can also be prepared from the compound of Formula A by reacting compound of formula (A) with dialkyl phosphonate in the presence of base with alkali or alkaline earth metal halide.
• R 2 and R 3 are, independently, optionally substituted alkyl of 1-5 carbon atoms, preferably C 1 -C 4 .
• a C 1 to C 4 dialkyl phosphonate is used, more preferably, dimethyl methylphosphonate is used.
• dialkyl phosphonate is used in the amount of 1-5 equivalents based on the compound of the formula (A), more preferably 2-5 equivalents is used.
• the reaction takes place in a solvent.
• the solvent is selected from C 1 -C 4 aliphatic alcoholic solvent, a C 6 -C 10 aromatic and C 5 -C 8 aliphatic hydrocarbon, a C 2 -C 8 aliphatic ester, a C 4 -C 8 ether (including cyclic compounds), and a C1-C6 aliphatic solvent with one, two or three chlorine atoms.
• solvents include toluene, benzene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane, methyl t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof.
• the solvent is tetrahydrofuran.
• the base is a C 1 to C 8 alkyl metal.
• the base is n-butyl lithium.
• the base is used in the amount of 1-5 equivalents based on the compound of formula (A), more preferably in the amount of 3-4 equivalents.
• the catalyst is an alkali or alkaline earth metal halide.
• the alkali metal is lithium.
• the alkaline earth metal is magnesium.
• the catalyst is selected from anhydrous lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the catalyst is anhydrous lithium chloride.
• the catalyst is used in the amount of 0.5-5 equivalents based on the amount of compound of the formula (A).
• the process comprises adding a first solution comprising a base to a mixture containing dialkyl phosphonate, a catalyst, and a solvent followed by adding a second solution comprising the compound of formula (A).
• the base is n-butyl lithium.
• the catalyst is an alkali or alkaline earth metal halide.
• the solvent is tetrahydrofuran.
• the addition of the first solution is at about ⁇ 110 to about ⁇ 50° C.
• the addition of the second solution is at about ⁇ 110 to about ⁇ 50° C.
• the addition of the second solution takes about 5 to about 180 minutes
• the reaction can be carried out at a temperature range of ⁇ 110 to 0° C.
• a temperature range of ⁇ 110 to 0° C if the temperatures rises above about ⁇ 50° C., by-products may be produced; and further if the temperature of the reaction is below about ⁇ 110° C., the reaction rate slows down. Therefore, the optimal temperature range of the reaction is ⁇ 110° to ⁇ 50° C.
• the present invention relates to processes for the production of chirally pure rosuvastatin intermediates, which can be used for the preparation of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, said process comprising of the following steps of:
• the present invention is directed towards a process of preparation of the compound of Formula (I) and formula (II), said process comprising of the steps of:
• the group R 1 is preferably C1-C4 group, more preferably methyl; the group R 2 is preferably C1-C4 group, more preferably t-butyl, the group R 8 or R 9 is preferably a C 6 to C 12 aryl, C 1-15 alkyl, more preferably R8 is methyl and R9 is phenyl, the group Z is preferably a silyl group, more preferably a tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
• the compounds of the formula (I) and (II) prepared by the process of the invention may be used to prepare statins for treatment of hyperlipidemia.
• Statins can be combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to prepare pharmaceutical compositions.
• statins that can be prepared include the following:
• statins can be prepared by reacting a ketone or aldehyde intermediate having the backbone of the particular statin with compounds of Formula I or II.
• the reaction is a Wittig reaction well known to one of ordinary skill of art.
• statin is rosuvastatin.
• WO2007/041666 and WO2006/091771 further disclose preparation of rosuvastatin through the Wittig reaction.
• the protecting group (Z) is removed, followed by reduction to obtain a diol, followed by hydrolysis of the ester to obtain a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• Temperature and flow rate may be varied in order to achieve the required system suitability.
• TBDMS-OH, DMMP, MBSG and 19TBPO into 10 ml volumetric flask, dissolve and brought to volume with diluent. Transferred 1 ml of the stock solution into 10 ml volumetric flask and brought to volume with diluent.
• Typical retention times are about 4 minutes for TNDMS-OH peak, about 6.5 minutes for the DMMP peak, About 14.5 minutes for the MBSG peak and 31.5 minutes for the 19TBPO peak.
• Aqueous layer containing product was washed with 2 ⁇ 300 ml hexane at RT.
• Combined organic layers were washed with brine solution and dried over sodium sulphate. Evaporated organic layer under vacuum at 50-55° C. completely to give desired product 85.5 g.
• Aqueous layer containing product was washed with 2 ⁇ 300 ml hexane at RT.
• Combined organic layers were washed with a brine solution and dried over sodium sulphate. Evaporated organic layer under vacuum at 50-55° C. completely to give desired product 85.5 g.
• reaction mass was stirred for 2 min and 200 ml 20% ammonium chloride solution was added at ⁇ 70 to ⁇ 80° C.
• the reaction mass was raised to RT and the pH adjusted to 5 to 5.5 using 200 ml 10% hydrochloric acid. 236 ml toluene was added with stirring. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with 211 ml 1N hydrochloric acid followed by 211 ml brine solution, The organic layer was concentrated to dryness to give a crude pale brown colored transparent product 52.0 g.
• reaction mass was stirred for 45-60 min followed by addition of 15 ml 20% ammonium chloride solution at ⁇ 65 to ⁇ 78° C.
• the reaction mass temperature was raised to RT and the pH adjusted to 1-2 using 25 ml 20% hydrochloric acid.
• 25 ml Toluene was added and the mixture stirred for 60 min.
• the layers were separated and the organic layer washed with 50 ml saturated sodium chloride solution.
• the organic layer was concentrated under vacuum up to dryness to give a pale yellow colored transparent product 5.5 g, assay 77.96%, purity 71.5% (by GC % Area) and yield 67.52%.
• a 1 L reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer was charged with EtOH (3 L), water (1800 mL), and TBRE (600 g), forming a reaction mixture.
• NaOH 47%, 1.2 eq, 114 g
• the reaction mixture was stirred at about RT for two hours.
• the reaction mixture was filtered under reduced pressure with Synter and Hyflo to eliminate the small particles present.
• the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at about 40° C. until half the volume of the reaction mixture remained.
• the aqueous phase was concentrated under reduced pressure at about 40° C. until half the volume remained.
• Water (2800 mL) was added to the aqueous phase and the aqueous phase was stirred at about RT for 5 minutes.
• CaCl 2 (124 g) was added to the aqueous phase in portions over a period of about 10 minutes at a temperature of about RT.
• the aqueous phase was then stirred at about RT for about 1 hour, filtered, and washed with 1200 mL of water, yielding a powdery compound (491 g, 88%).

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