US3253907A - High-grade cast iron having improved constancy of shape and volume - Google Patents

High-grade cast iron having improved constancy of shape and volume Download PDF

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Publication number
US3253907A
US3253907A US197861A US19786162A US3253907A US 3253907 A US3253907 A US 3253907A US 197861 A US197861 A US 197861A US 19786162 A US19786162 A US 19786162A US 3253907 A US3253907 A US 3253907A
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Prior art keywords
cast iron
manganese
silicon
volume
iron
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US197861A
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English (en)
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Schwindt Kurt
Sauer Baldur
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Individual
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon

Definitions

  • High-grade cast iron is required to possess a number of qualities among which are included good casting prop erties, low piping, low shrinkage and contraction tendencies, impermeability, good workability, freedom from tension, and resistance to expansion, and good vibration damping properties characteristics. Low shrinkage, low contraction tendency, freedom from tension and warping and resistance to expansion are here combined in the expression constancy of shape and volume.
  • gray cast iron which will result in an article of manufacture having appreciable constancy of shape and volume (besides good resistance to mechanical stress) such as is applied in connection with parts used in hydraulic machinery and highgrade machine castings.
  • Such articles include parts for compressors and pumps, cylinder liners, turbine casings, lathe beds, lathe spindles, pump impellers, volute casings, shut-off valves, slide valves, steering gear casings, motor casings, sleeve valves, machine uprights, and male and female deep-drawing dies.
  • a more specific object of the invention is to provide a gray cast iron composition having a high manganese content of the order of 2.2-3.0% and which results in articles of manufacture having a high degree of constancy of shape and volume besides good resistance to mechanical stress. 7
  • manganese content is 0.2 to 1.3% higher than the silicon content and the bound carbon, at a satura-- tion of 0.8 to 1, amounts to 0.7 to 0.9.
  • the manganese content is preferably maintained between about 2.4 and 2.6% and for gray cast iron to be subjected to thermal stress, the manganese content most preferably lies between about 2.8 and 3.0%
  • Iron alloys prepared in accordance with the invention have a very fine perlitic matrix.
  • the cementite has a very short lamellar structure, and the matrix displays a clear tendency towards the granular perlite.
  • the graphite is in the form of short lamellae of random orientation.
  • the mechanical strengths of such alloys are: tensile strength 30-46 kg./mrn. and transverse or bending strength 40-65 kg./mm. at a deflection of 9-16 mm.
  • the hardness of cast iron in accordance with the invention can be adjusted precisely to a value within the range of from 180 to 270 Brinell. Even at the hardness of 250 to 270 Brinell, the cast iron alloys of the invention can be machined without difiiculty, so that cutting speeds of up to m./sec. (hard alloy or metal) can be used.
  • the excellent machinability, even at a Brinell hardness of 250 .to 270 is a result of the matrix of the alloy.
  • the hardness thereof can be reduced to to Brinell, the perlite as a result being completely transformed into granular perlite without any decomposition of the cementite, i.e., separation of carbon.
  • the high percentage of manganese and the maintenance of the relationship between the manganese, silicon, and carbon content in accordance with the invention results in a casting which is comparatively rigid and has relatively high strength characteristics as well as improved constancy of shape and volume.
  • the mechanical strength of the heat-treated product such as the tensile strength and transverse or bending strength, is only slightly altered. Tensile strengths of from 30 to 40 leg/mm. can still be consistently achieved.
  • the above-described gray cast iron alloy is distinguished furthermore by an excellent resistance to expansion. Even after a casting in accordance with the invention has been subjected to 200 alternating annealing cycles, or to a soaking carried out for 24 hours, no disintegration of the cementite can be detected,
  • the manganese alloying i.e., the introduction of manganese into the composition, is preferably carried out using a gas-poor manganese material and most preferably a hot metal coming directly from the blast furnace, that has been degassed in a mixer and preferably a basic-lined mixer, and or by centrifugation in a centrifugal ladle.
  • the manganese and silicon contents of the gray cast alloy have to be adjusted precisely, if necessary,-by corrective additions of ferromanganese and ferrosilicon. If a direct addition of such alloys in the ladle is not possible, the addition can be performed in a succeeding melting unit, as for example in an arc furnace or an induction furnace.
  • Example Hot metal having 3.40% C, 2.23% Mn, 1.71% Si, 0.080% S and 0.144% P coming out of the blast furnace was degasified in a centrifugal ladle rotating at up to 100 revolutions per minute and repeated reversal of the revolutherefrom 4 metric tons of the metal were transferred to an electric furnace of the line frequency induction type. In this furnace the hot metal was heated up to 140-0- C. 15 kg. of ferromanganese (75% Mn) and 18 kg. ferrosilicon (65% Si) were added and a sample taken had the following composition: 3.31% C, 2.49% Mn, 1.98% Si, 0.04% S -and0.'146% P. p
  • This metal was tapped into a ladle and poured. into a mould for a lathe-bed. During pouring all slag particles were retained to prevent them from going into the pouring gate.
  • the casting had a Brinell hardness of 240 HB and a tensile. strength of 37 kg./mm. without heat treatment.
  • Gray cast iron characterized by improved non-deform-ability characteristics, consisting of carbon, manganese, silicon, iron and incidental impurities, the percentages by weight of the constituents of the gray cast iron being about 2.9 to 3.6% carbon, 2.2 to 3.0% manganese and 1.5 to 2.6 silicon, balance iron and sulfur and phosphorus impurities, wherein the manganese content is 0.2 to 1.3% higher than the silicon content and wherein at a saturation degree of 0.8 to 1, the bound carbon amounts to 0.7 to 0.9%
  • Gray cast iron according to claim 1 wherein the percentage in sulfur does not exceed 0.06% and the percentage in phosphorus does not exceed 0.2%
  • a method of producing a cast iron characterized by improved non-deformability characteristics which comprises establishing a bath of molten metal having a composition of about 100 parts by weight of an iron composition consisting of carbon, manganese, silicon, iron and incidental impurities, introducing into the molten composition further quantities of manganese and silicon sufficient to provide a gray cast iron casting having the following composition in percentages by weight: 2.9 to 3.6% carbon, 2.2 to 3.0% manganese, and 1.5 to 2.6% silicon, balance, iron and sulfur and phosphorous impurities wherein the manganese content is 0.2 to 1.3% higher than the silicon content, and at a saturationdegree of 0.8 to 1, the bound carbon amounts to 0.7 to 0.9%, and casting the molten composition to obtain a gray cast iron containing the aforesaid amounts
  • gray cast iron casting characterized by improved n-on-deformabi'lity characteristics consisting of carbon, manganese, silicon, iron and incidental impurities, the percentages by weight of the constituents of the gray cast iron being about 2.9 to 3.6%

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
US197861A 1961-05-29 1962-05-28 High-grade cast iron having improved constancy of shape and volume Expired - Lifetime US3253907A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEF34042A DE1174999B (de) 1961-05-29 1961-05-29 Grauguss zur Herstellung von Gegenstaenden, die bei hoher mechanischer Beanspruchung eine gute Formbestaendigkeit aufweisen

Publications (1)

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US3253907A true US3253907A (en) 1966-05-31

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US197861A Expired - Lifetime US3253907A (en) 1961-05-29 1962-05-28 High-grade cast iron having improved constancy of shape and volume

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US (1) US3253907A (de)
CH (1) CH431101A (de)
DE (1) DE1174999B (de)
GB (1) GB1005450A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5100612A (en) * 1989-06-21 1992-03-31 501 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Spheroidal graphite cast iron
FR2911650A1 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2008-07-25 Skf Ab Dispositif de palier a roulement.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1166342A (en) * 1914-10-17 1915-12-28 Herbert E Field Alloy of iron.
US2485761A (en) * 1947-03-22 1949-10-25 Int Nickel Co Gray cast iron having improved properties

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH184048A (de) * 1934-01-26 1936-05-15 Fried Krupp Grusonwerk Aktieng Gusseisenlegierung für Schalenhartguss.

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1166342A (en) * 1914-10-17 1915-12-28 Herbert E Field Alloy of iron.
US2485761A (en) * 1947-03-22 1949-10-25 Int Nickel Co Gray cast iron having improved properties

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5100612A (en) * 1989-06-21 1992-03-31 501 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Spheroidal graphite cast iron
FR2911650A1 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2008-07-25 Skf Ab Dispositif de palier a roulement.
EP1956257A3 (de) * 2007-01-24 2009-06-17 Aktiebolaget SKF Lagervorrichtung mit einem Wälzlager

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1005450A (en) 1965-09-22
CH431101A (de) 1967-02-28
DE1174999B (de) 1964-07-30

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