US3399521A - Process and apparatus for the texturing of yarns and the like - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for the texturing of yarns and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3399521A
US3399521A US563473A US56347366A US3399521A US 3399521 A US3399521 A US 3399521A US 563473 A US563473 A US 563473A US 56347366 A US56347366 A US 56347366A US 3399521 A US3399521 A US 3399521A
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United States
Prior art keywords
thread
twisted
yarn
yarns
threads
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US563473A
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English (en)
Inventor
Thoma Georg
Wurst Gerhard
Geist Hermann
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ZWIRNEREI und NAHFADENFABRIK G
ZWIRNEREI und NAHFADENFABRIK GOGGINGEN WERK DER ACKERMANN-GOGGINGEN AG Firma
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ZWIRNEREI und NAHFADENFABRIK G
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process and apparatus for the texturing of yarns, in which an auxiliary thread is fixed to the thread to be textured and is subsequently removed.
  • texturing is meant, in the sense of the invention, a change in the structure of the yarn by crimping and the like, in order thus to give the yarn an increased elastic extensibility and particularly an increase in volume or bulk.
  • Such texturing can be produced by mechanical, chemical and thermal means, either alone or in combination with one another.
  • cotton yarns of increased elasticity are produced by the treatment of high-twist yarns with cross-linked artificial resins, heat-setting the yarn in this high-twist condition, and subsequent slackening.
  • yarns are supposed to remain in spiral or crimped form.
  • a texturing process based upon chemical modification is also known.
  • cotton is made thermoplastic by the conversion of cellulose into ether or ester derivatives or by graft polymerisation. These chemically modified yarns are then heat-fixed during the various twist or crimp processes.
  • the object of the invention is the development of a texturing process as well as a suitable apparatus for carrying out the process, by means of which it is either possible in a simple way to texture yarns, threads, twines and the like of any desired composition or origin within the framework of controllable estimates, without having to make allowance for the considerable limitations of known processes.
  • the purpose according to the invention extends to the texturing of yarns and the like, of natural fibers, particularly of cotton.
  • the invention starts with the basic idea of fixing an auxiliary thread to the thread to be textured and then removing the auxiliary thread.
  • a practicable solution for this basic idea has hitherto not been known.
  • the essence of the invention consists in the auxiliary thread being twisted with at least one thread to be textured, before fixing or setting and after the fixing or setting to dissolve auxiliary thread from the twisted unit.
  • the auxiliary thread to consist of a soluble material which can be dissolved out from the twist unit by means of a suitable solvent. If the twist has previously been subjected to a corresponding fixing process, after the dissolving out of the one thread, the other thread remains immune with respect to the solvent and in the form irnpressed upon it by twisting.
  • the auxiliary thread has a firmness or rigidity just enough to allow it to be twisted, and after the fixing is carried out, is broken by mechanical treatment of the twist or o-f the product obtained, the auxiliary thread fragments being then removed.
  • the twisting of the threads is a necessary prerequisite, in order to give the thread to be textured the desired coils or loops requested for its stretch and warping, the separation of which is only possible after the auxiliary thread has been chemically or mechanically removed.
  • the warping also depends on the reciprocal cross-section behavior of the threads arriving for twisting. At the same time this process is applicable not only to double twists, but also to triple and multiple twists. It is merely important that of the yarns being twisted together one yarn portion must be removable.
  • This twist produced in the customary fashion is fixed within the framework of the preferred example of execution and subsequently subjected to treatment by solvents.
  • This treatment has the consequence that the soluble auxiliary thread is dissolved out of or removed from the twist unit and that only a single or a plurality of threads remain immune to the solvent.
  • the threads, thus remaining unaffected by the solvent, can now enter the space left free by the removed auxiliary thread being eliminated and remain therein, which results in a structural warping and an increased elasticity by virtue of a loosening of the thread structure.
  • One advantage according to the invention is Ithe removal of the auxiliary thread, for example lby treatment -with a solvent, immediately after effecting the fixing process in the yarn. It is also advantageous to effect this treatment on the surface of the twisted and, if necessary, fixed yarn. At the same time the twisted yarn is first processed into a texture, a weft, a web and the like, and only after the fixing and the treatment with a solvent or with a mechanical apparatus is treated in one piece.
  • the soluble auxiliary threads, yarns or twists are composed for example of cellulose, rayon staple, acetate or other cellulose derivatives, alginates, polyvinyalcohols or of polyamides.
  • not only yarns from cotton, but also yarns from, for example synthetic material, flax, linen, wool, silk or mineral substances such as asbestos and mixtures of any desired kind can be textured.
  • the invention provides also :for a mixed yarn being twisted and fixed with the auxiliary thread and subjected to mechanical treatment or treatment with a sol-vent.
  • the textured yarn from which the auxiliary thread has been removed is processed with threads of another composition into a mixed yarn.
  • threads spun from fiber mixtures can be textured, the character and composition of which can be chosen as desired. This applies particularly to mixtures of mineral and animal fibers with full or semi-synthetic fibers or threads, and which until now were not considered as being adequately or substantially capable of being textured.
  • the invention it is possible to texture yarns from the considerably varying substances, which until now were not considered as -being capable of satisfactory texturing; the invention can be applied also as the initial process for obtaining special textile effects, which owing to their variety are not enumerated here.
  • Another object of the invention is the apparatus for carrying out the ⁇ fixing and removal of the auxiliary thread from the twisted yarn.
  • the invention is characterized by the provision of a container to be filled with sol-vent for the reception or passage of the yarn or the piece goods produced from it and the provision of a drying apparatus for drying of the product treated with the solvent and finally by providing a recovery vessel for the material dissolved from the yarn.
  • the fixing apparatus may be previously secured to the solvent container in which apparatus the twisting present in the yarn can be set.
  • a continuously working device consisting of an impregnating coloring machine, a pre-dryer, a fixing device, one or more solvent containers, a finishing v ⁇ bath and a drying device in conjunction with known conveying means for the continuous transport of the yarn or the piece goods.
  • the apparatus according to the invention preferably consists of a rotatable container for the yarn or the product made therefrom, which is connected to a solvent container via a pump and to a heater via a blower; in the solvent circuit a filtering device and a distillation device are advantageously provided.
  • Example 1 A thread of 21/2 acetate, deniers 400, is twisted with a cotton thread No. 48. The twist so received is treated with a known synthetic resin preparation, which, for example, contains 40 grams/liter of .a Water-soluble synthetic resin capable of hardening, grams of Ureol (WZ) and 20 grams of a grip-inducing substance such as 6.5 grams/liter of 40% acetic acid, and 3 grams/liter of ammonium sulphate. With this solution the cotton is coldmpregnated and squeezed out. Subsequently, it is dried and the synthetic resin preparation hardened for about five minutes at 175 C.
  • a known synthetic resin preparation which, for example, contains 40 grams/liter of .a Water-soluble synthetic resin capable of hardening, grams of Ureol (WZ) and 20 grams of a grip-inducing substance such as 6.5 grams/liter of 40% acetic acid, and 3 grams/liter of ammonium sulphate.
  • WZ Ureol
  • the yarn is treated with acetone, whereby the 'acetate thread is dissolved and only the twisted and fixed cotton remains. As soon as the solvent is removed and the remaining cotton yarn is dried the cotton exhibits a high warping property with considerable elastic stretch.
  • Example 2 A textured twist of cotton, consisting of one thread in an ⁇ S-twist and one in a Z-twist position is subsequently twisted together by a texturing process with a smooth thread of wool, not yet treated with respect to volume, stretch and elasticity.
  • the twist thus obtained has its component of the textured cotton a large volume, an increased stretch and good elasticity.
  • the further fed-in wool on the other hand ensures for the so-combined twist the capcity of retaining warmth and thickness inherent in wool.
  • Example 3 At least one spun thread from a fiber mixture of wool and 35% of a polyamide-based synthetic material is twisted with an acetate thread.
  • the thread is processed (Le. by weaving) as a warp and/or Woof to a surface area (textile) and fixed in this condition. Afterwards the .acetate thread is dissolved with acetone.
  • FIGURES l and 2 are diagrammatic views of a simple twist on an enlarged scale, of a cotton thread and an acetate auxiliary thread in different twist structures before the dissolution process:
  • FIGURE 3 is a view of the textured thread according to FIGURE 2 after the dissolution process
  • FIGURES 4 and 5 show a cross-twisted thread structure, before and after the dissolution process respectively
  • FIGURE 6 is a diagrammatic view of a continuously operating treatment plant for fixing and removing the thread
  • FIGURE 7 is a diagrammatic view of a discontinuously operating treatment plant for fixing and removing the thread.
  • FIGURE 8 is a side view of a mechanical device for the removal of the auxiliary thread.
  • an auxiliary thread, 1 of soluble Imaterial is twisted with a second thread 2 to be textured, whereby the thread 2 to be textured may uniformly be wound around the soluble auxiliary thread 1 (FIG. 2) or may be twisted together therewith (FIG. 1).
  • the auxiliary thread 1 may, for example, consist of cellulose, staple fibers, cellulose derivatives, alginates, polyvinylalcohols, polyamides and like chemically soluble substances, while thread 2 consists of cotton or other natural yarns.
  • thread 2 consists of cotton or other natural yarns.
  • fiax, linen, wool, mineral substances and mixtures of any kind, as well as fundamentally full and semi-synthetic endless types and also fiber yarns of any kind are also suitable.
  • the yarn twisted according to FIGURE l is xed until the auxiliary thread is completely dissolved in known manner by treatment with a chemical solvent. Suitable solvents are known in practice. There remains the formerly twisted and now crimped thread 2 as illustrated in FIGURE 3, which is solvent-resistant. Due to the twist fixing the thread reacts to tension in the manner of a tension spring, as the turns tend, after the elimination of the load, to assume the normal position as illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • the removable auxiliary thread during twisting and fixing, provide a support for the shaping of the insoluble thread and is eliminated by the removal process.
  • the remaining thread may then move into the space originally occupied by the auxiliary thread if it is repeatedly stretched.
  • FIGURE 6 shows diagrammatically a continuously operating apparatus for xing and separating the twisted yarns, in which these threads may first be passed through an impregnating coloring device 3 containing a synthetic resin dye.
  • the impregnated yarn, 1, 2 is passed through the pre-dryer 4 and the fixing compartment 5, in which the impregnation with synthetic resin is completed.V
  • the yarn is advantageously passed through several solvent baths 6 for dissolving the auxiliary thread 1 and finally through a finishing bath 7.
  • the pressure rollers 8 press the liquid out of the thread and pass it on to work stations, not illustrated.
  • the solvent contained in the containers 6 is frequently and/or constantly recirculated by means of a pump 9 and passed through a filter 10 with a distillation recovery device, in order to free the remaining threads and the dissolved material from the solvent.
  • the apparatus according to FIGURE 7 serves for discontinuous treatment of the yarn or surface structures produced therefrom, for example, textiles, tissues, knits.
  • the product to be treated is passed into a rotary liquidpermeable drum 11.
  • This drum 11 is surrounded by a liquid tight container 12, which, as iin a chemical oleaning machine is connected to various cycle systems.
  • the system may include the fixing process with a synthetic resin impregnation, which is discharged from a container 13 into the container 12 and returned by the pump 14.
  • a drying circulation with fresh air intake, a heater 16, ventilator 17 and cooler 18, are advantageously provided.
  • the manner in which the mechanical removal of the auxiliary thread 1 from the twisted unit 1, 2 may be carried out is shown.
  • the twists 1, 2, are in this embodiment produced from a mechanically, easily destructible auxiliary thread 1 and the thread to Ibe textured, both having been fixed previously to being twisted. l
  • a mechanical treatment apparatus which according to FIGURE 8 is formed by a meshing pair of cog wheels 22, 23, the twists 1 and 2 are worked in such manner that the preferably very thin and cheap auxiliary thread 1, which is shredded bit 4'by bit, while the thread is textured, as a result of its windings may withstand mechanical treatment.
  • the textured, highly elastic and distended thread 2 of any kind of material remains.
  • a method of texturing a yarn comprising the steps of twisting ⁇ at least one relatively indestructible thread and at least one destructible thread; fixing the twisted threads by a setting treatment ⁇ to prevent relaxation of said relatively indestructible thread; and destroying said relatively destructible thread to leave said relatively indestructible thread in substantially its originally twisted condition.
  • An apparatus for tex-turing a yarn comprising means for twisting at least one relatively flexible indestructible thread and at least one relatively brittle destructible thread, means lfor fixing the twisted threads to prevent relaxation of the indestructible thread, a pair of meshing toothed wheels, land means for passing the twisted fixed threads between said meshing toothed wheels for 'breaking up said relatively destructible thread to remove same from the twist.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US563473A 1965-07-09 1966-07-07 Process and apparatus for the texturing of yarns and the like Expired - Lifetime US3399521A (en)

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AT (1) AT291058B (de)
DE (1) DE1435748A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1154485A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3526085A (en) * 1968-06-06 1970-09-01 Burlington Industries Inc Splice and method of making same
US3602964A (en) * 1969-04-10 1971-09-07 Collins & Aikman Corp Dual wall fabric with expandable height between layers
US3986331A (en) * 1973-01-09 1976-10-19 Ingrip Fasteners Inc. Net-like composite filaments
US20050079781A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2005-04-14 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Nonwoven fabric composed of ultra-fine continuous fibers, and production process and application thereof
US20080222779A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-18 Branders.Com Article and method including a temporary decoration
US20230002968A1 (en) * 2019-12-17 2023-01-05 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Process and apparatus for manufacturing a metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
CN116988193A (zh) * 2023-08-04 2023-11-03 海南大学 棍状回转体缠绕纤维的方法
US12296632B2 (en) 2019-12-17 2025-05-13 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12344054B2 (en) 2019-12-17 2025-07-01 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12448729B2 (en) 2020-09-25 2025-10-21 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Vehicle wheels and tyre comprising said metallic reinforcing cord

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1162983A (en) * 1915-02-10 1915-12-07 George Crossland Process for curling hair yarn and the like.
US2052875A (en) * 1935-10-03 1936-09-01 Scott & Williams Inc Textile manufacture
US2387320A (en) * 1944-08-05 1945-10-23 Us Rubber Co Highly stretchable yarn
US2476262A (en) * 1946-06-13 1949-07-12 Rhode Island Lace Works Inc Dividing sheet fabric into strips
US2516295A (en) * 1946-08-09 1950-07-25 Pennsylvania Crusher Co Process for preparing homogeneously partially polymerized particles of thermosetting material
US2575008A (en) * 1949-03-16 1951-11-13 Abraham L Dorgin Method of creping nylon
US2603551A (en) * 1948-07-27 1952-07-15 Courtaulds Ltd Water soluble cellulosic yarn produced by reacting cellulose, sulphuric acid, cyanamide, and a metal sulfate
GB693223A (en) * 1950-04-19 1953-06-24 Cluett Peabody & Co Inc Improvements in composite sewing threads
US2716049A (en) * 1951-11-01 1955-08-23 Du Pont Water-soluble yarn
US2731788A (en) * 1949-10-08 1956-01-24 Cluett Composite thread.
US3086275A (en) * 1959-10-23 1963-04-23 Phillips Petroleum Co Method of treating filamentous articles of ethylene polymer and the resulting product

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1162983A (en) * 1915-02-10 1915-12-07 George Crossland Process for curling hair yarn and the like.
US2052875A (en) * 1935-10-03 1936-09-01 Scott & Williams Inc Textile manufacture
US2387320A (en) * 1944-08-05 1945-10-23 Us Rubber Co Highly stretchable yarn
US2476262A (en) * 1946-06-13 1949-07-12 Rhode Island Lace Works Inc Dividing sheet fabric into strips
US2516295A (en) * 1946-08-09 1950-07-25 Pennsylvania Crusher Co Process for preparing homogeneously partially polymerized particles of thermosetting material
US2603551A (en) * 1948-07-27 1952-07-15 Courtaulds Ltd Water soluble cellulosic yarn produced by reacting cellulose, sulphuric acid, cyanamide, and a metal sulfate
US2575008A (en) * 1949-03-16 1951-11-13 Abraham L Dorgin Method of creping nylon
US2731788A (en) * 1949-10-08 1956-01-24 Cluett Composite thread.
GB693223A (en) * 1950-04-19 1953-06-24 Cluett Peabody & Co Inc Improvements in composite sewing threads
US2716049A (en) * 1951-11-01 1955-08-23 Du Pont Water-soluble yarn
US3086275A (en) * 1959-10-23 1963-04-23 Phillips Petroleum Co Method of treating filamentous articles of ethylene polymer and the resulting product

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3526085A (en) * 1968-06-06 1970-09-01 Burlington Industries Inc Splice and method of making same
US3602964A (en) * 1969-04-10 1971-09-07 Collins & Aikman Corp Dual wall fabric with expandable height between layers
US3986331A (en) * 1973-01-09 1976-10-19 Ingrip Fasteners Inc. Net-like composite filaments
US7871946B2 (en) * 2003-10-09 2011-01-18 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Nonwoven fabric composed of ultra-fine continuous fibers, and production process and application thereof
US20050079781A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2005-04-14 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Nonwoven fabric composed of ultra-fine continuous fibers, and production process and application thereof
US20080222779A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-18 Branders.Com Article and method including a temporary decoration
WO2008115450A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-25 Branders.Com, Inc. Article and method including a temporary decoration
US8037545B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2011-10-18 Branders.Com, Inc. Article and method including a temporary decoration
US20230002968A1 (en) * 2019-12-17 2023-01-05 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Process and apparatus for manufacturing a metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12291818B2 (en) * 2019-12-17 2025-05-06 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A Process and apparatus for manufacturing a metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12296632B2 (en) 2019-12-17 2025-05-13 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12344054B2 (en) 2019-12-17 2025-07-01 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12448729B2 (en) 2020-09-25 2025-10-21 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Vehicle wheels and tyre comprising said metallic reinforcing cord
CN116988193A (zh) * 2023-08-04 2023-11-03 海南大学 棍状回转体缠绕纤维的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1154485A (en) 1969-06-11
AT291058B (de) 1971-06-25
DE1435748A1 (de) 1970-01-02

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