US3621506A - Scraper blade mounting arrangement - Google Patents

Scraper blade mounting arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3621506A
US3621506A US866218A US3621506DA US3621506A US 3621506 A US3621506 A US 3621506A US 866218 A US866218 A US 866218A US 3621506D A US3621506D A US 3621506DA US 3621506 A US3621506 A US 3621506A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
blade
shell
spring
scraper
springs
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US866218A
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English (en)
Inventor
Richard M Armstrong
Andrew J Armstrong
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US3621506A publication Critical patent/US3621506A/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
    • E21B37/02—Scrapers specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/008—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using scrapers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to mechanis-m for use in scraping deposits from the interior surface of a shell in which materials are treated.
  • equipment comprising a material treatment shell having a scraper mechanism mounted inside the shell and providing for scraping of deposits from the interior surface.
  • scraped surface heat exchangers are commonly known as scraped surface heat exchangers.
  • equipment of this general type is known for use in various of the chemical industries, including the treatment of petroleum oil for the purpose of dewaxing the oil.
  • Such equipment is also used in the crystallization of organic chemicals, for example in the separation of para from meta xylene. Such equipment is also used in the selective crystallization of fatty acids or glycerides.
  • Another use for this general kind of equipment is in the cooling or heating of viscous materials, in which it is desired to scrape the boundary layer from the shell Wall in order to bring fresh material to the shell wall for more effective heat transfer.
  • Another use is in desublimation condensing where a solid forms on a cooled wall. The scraper removes the solid, thereby improving heat transfer.
  • Scraper blades within a material treatment shell are customarily yieldingly urged against the shell wall.
  • the blades are pivotally -mounted or provided with some other structure for guiding the blade motion.
  • the blades are supported by a combination of both mechanical means guiding the blade motion, and spring means urging the blade toward the shell wall.
  • no pivot or other guide is provided but the blades are freely, i.e., completely, spring suspended, and the present invention is particularly concerned with improvements in this latter type of arrangement which has a number of distinctive advantages, including the fact that the blade, when freely spring suspended, will follow and conform to the contours of the shell surface with maximum accuracy.
  • the function performed by the scraper is only one of a series of operations being carried out in a continuous manner in a production or treatment plant, so that failure of the scraper mechanism may result not only in. shutdown of the equipment in which the scraper mechanism is used, but also in shutdown of other interconnected parts of the production or treatment system.
  • Another major objective of the invention is to provide an arrangement which, even in the event of spring failure, will act to restrict blade movement.
  • a cylindrical shell is employed in which a material is subjected to treatment, for instance cooling for the purpose of causing crystal deposits on the interior surface of the shell.
  • a drive shaft is arranged axially and centrally of the shell and one or more scraper blades are mounted on the drive shaft by means of springs.
  • Such springs commonly comprise metal strips of substantial width as compared with the thickness thereof, for instance 2 wide, the strips often having a U-bend intermediate the ends and being connected at one end with the driving shaft and at the other end with the scraper blade.
  • each assembly is preferably made up of the multiplicity of individual spring elements arranged in a group or cluster.
  • the spring elements may take a variety of different forms, but are desirably made in the form of wire which may either be circular or angular in cross section.
  • some of the springs may fail, the failure of any one is not propagated to and through others, so that if one or two out of eight or ten spring elements in a clusterI fail under the cyclic stress, only a small percentage of the total spring suspension has been impaired.
  • the invention further contemplates the provision of an abutment means for 3 limiting the deflection of the elements of the spring cluster, in view of which the load on the springs is limited and cannot increase as the individual elements fail.
  • FIG. l is a cross sectional view through a scraped shell device and illustrating scraper mechanism according to the invention arranged in the shell, this view being taken as indicated by the section line 1 1 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view through the shell taken as indicated by the line 2 2 of FIG. l, but illustrating the scraper mechanism in elevation;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are views of certain details taken as indicated by the line 3 3 ⁇ and 4 4 on FIG. 2.
  • a cylindrical shell is indicated at 6, and for the purpose of the present description, it may be assumed that this shell is adapted to be externally cooled as so to promote the formation of deposits on the interior surface of the shell as the materials being treated are passed through the shell.
  • a drive structure conveniently in the form of a driving shaft 7 is positioned lengthwise within the shell, preferably axially thereof.
  • This shaft is of course journalled at its ends and desirably provided with gearing or other means for effecting rotation, for instance in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1.
  • One or more scraper blades are provided within the shell, in the embodiment shown two such blades being mounted in diametrically opposite positions, as indicated at 8 8.
  • the scraper mechanism may further include additional blades such as indicated at 8a 8a at the left hand end of FIG. 2, which may be aligned with the blades 8 8 or, if desired, may be angularly offset from the blades 8 8.
  • additional blades such as indicated at 8a 8a at the left hand end of FIG. 2, which may be aligned with the blades 8 8 or, if desired, may be angularly offset from the blades 8 8.
  • a series of blades is ordinarily provided axially of the shell, as well as in diametrically opposite positions.
  • Each of the blades 8 is supported by means of a plurality of spring elements 9, each element in the embodiment shown being in the form of a wire bent in the midportion through 11/2 turns and having one end connected with the driving shaft 7 and the other end connected with one of the blades 8.
  • the spring elements may be of a variety of different cross sectional shapes, such as square or rectangular, the wire shape having circular cross section, as illustrated is preferred, Moreover, the spring elements need not necessarily be bent to provide a 11/2-turn loop in the midportion, but may merely be bent to U-shape in the midportion or may be bent in some other fashion providing the desired deflection characteristics.
  • the shape of the spring as illustrated in the ⁇ drawings is a particularly effective shape because it provides for adequate deflection to accommodate operating conditions without imposing any considerable load in the spring in any portion thereof.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a fastening device 10 adapted to cooperate with the inner ends of the springs which are arcuately curved in conformity with the curvature of the outside of the drive shaft 7, as appears in FIG. 1.
  • the fastening device 10 is similarly arcuately curved and is provided with arcuate corrugations proportioned to receive the inner ends of the respective springs. The device 10 may then be clamped to the drive shaft 7 by means of a through bolt 11.
  • This bolt is adapted to pass through an aperture provided in the central portion of the fastening device 10.
  • the bolt 11 serves to connect two diametrically opposite fastening devices 10 for the inner ends of the spring elements employed in supportnig the two diametrically opposite scraper blades 8.
  • the ends of the springs 9 associated with the fastening device 10 are desirably spot welded in the corrugations or otherwise bonded for secure ⁇ anchoring of the springs therein.
  • the springs are provided with straight end portions adapted to be received in the corrugations provided in the fastening device 12.
  • This device is also provided with corrugations proportioned to t the ends of the springs and these ends are also desirably tack welded to the device 12.
  • Bolts 13 serve to attach the devices 12 to the blades 8, an aperture being provided for that purpose.
  • each of the blades 8 are assembled in three general groups for purposes of mounting, one group being positioned toward one end of each blade 8, another group toward the other end of that blade, with the third group in the midregion.
  • each of these groups or clusters of springs are also arranged in two subgroups of iive associated with each of the scraper blades 8.
  • the spacing of the various springs and groups or clusters thereof may be differently arranged than as shown in FIG. 2, and the springs may even be virtually uniformly distributed throughout the length of the scraper blades. Spacing to some extent between certain groups or clusters is however preferred for convenience in the mounting arrangements and also in order to accommodate certain other devices between groups of springs, including the abutment and retainer devices described just below.
  • plate-like retainer and abutment devices 14 are mounted upon the drive shaft 7, as by welding, and have portions projecting in diametrically opposite directions, i.e., in the region of the blade location at opposite sides of the shell.
  • the end portion of the member 14 projecting upwardly is recessed as indiA cated at 15 to embrace the upper blade 8.
  • the lower end is similarly recessed to embrace the lower blade 8.
  • each blade 8 is freely spring suspended in a predetermined position with the scraping edge of the blade in engagement with the interior surface of the shell.
  • a retainer function i.e., the blade 8 will be restrained to a position close to its normal operating position, even in the event of failure or breakage of springs supporting that blade. This may prevent dropping of a blade into other working parts in the event of failure of most or all of the supporting spring elements.
  • each recess 15 serve as abutments limiting motion of the associated blade 8 either forwardly or rearwardly or radially inwardly, thereby limiting the deflection of the spring elements 9.
  • This function is of importance because in providing a limitation upon the spring deflection, it provides also for limiting the load to which the spring can be subjected. With any type of spring the limitation of the deflection, with consequent limitation of the load, will diminish fatigue failure.
  • the function of the recess 15 in limiting spring deflection is of especial importance because of the use of clusters of spring elements. This may be illustrated by considering the possible occurrence of failure of one or two individual spring elements of a cluster. Failure of an individual element of a cluster will result in tendency to deilect the remaining springs in the cluster to a greater extent under the influence of a given force applied to; the blade. This greater deflection would result in greater stress and therefore more danger of fatigue failure, but with the limiting stop or abutment present, the load cannot build up in the remaining spring elements.
  • the spring mounting for the scraper blades be of the type providing full or complete spring suspension for the scraper blades. According to the invention, the fatigue failure of the springs is greatly reduced and, even if failure of a few individual spring elements occurs, most of the springs will remain intact and provide adequate blade suspension to continue the normal operating function of the equipment.
  • Scraper mechanism for use in scraping deposits from the interior surface of a shell in which materials are treated, comprising a scraper blade having an edge for engagement with the interior surface of the shell throughout an appreciable dimension axially of the shell, blade driving structure rotatable within the shell, means for mounting the blade on the driving structure including a plurality of spring assemblies spaced from each other along said blade and axially of the shell and each assembly comprising a cluster of spring elements reacting between the driving structure and the blade, opposite ends of the springk elements being secured respectively to the driving structure and to the blade to yieldingly suspend the 'blade in a predetermined position with the edge of the blade in scraping engagement with the interior surface of the shell, and abutment means spaced from the blade when in said predetermined position but located to limit blade motion from said predetermined position and thus limit deection of the blade mounting spring elements.
  • scraper mechanism as defined inclaim 1 in which the abutment means comprises an abutment member mounted to rotate with the driving structure and having abutment surfaces spaced from the scraper blade at opposite sides thereof circumferentially of the shell.
  • Scraper mechanism for use in scraping deposits from the interior surface of a shell in which materials are treated, comprising a scraper blade having an edge for engagement with the interior sur-face of the shell throughout an appreciable dimension axially of the shell, blade driving structure rotatable within the shell, and means for mounting the blade on the driving structure including a plurality of spring assemblies spaced from each other along said blade and axially of the shell and each assembly comprising a cluster of spring elements, the opposite ends of each spring element being secured respectively to the driving structure and to the blade, and the spring elements reacting between the driving structure and the blade to yieldingly suspend the blade with the edge of the blade in scraping engagement with the interior surface of the shell.
  • Scraper mechanism as defined in claim 5 and further including for each spring cluster common means for connecting the spring elements to the blade driving structure.
  • Scraper mechanism as dened in claim 5 and further including for each spring cluster common means for connecting the spring elements to the scraper blade.
  • Scraper mechanism for use in scraping deposits from the interior surface of a shell in which materials are treated, comprising a scraper blade having an edge for engagement with the interior surface of the shell throughout an appreciable dimension axially of the shell, blade driving structure rotatable within the shell, and means for mounting the blade on the driving structure including a plurality of spring asemblies distributed along the blade and each assembly comprising a cluster of wire spring elements, the opposite ends of each spring element being secured respectively to the driving structure and to the blade, and the spring elements reacting between the driving structure and the blade to yieldingly suspend the blade with the edge of the blade in scraping engagement with the interior surface of the shell.
  • Scraper mechanism for use in scraping deposits from the interior Surface of a shell in which materials are treated, comprising a scraper blade having an edge for engagement with the interior surface of the shell throughout an appreciable dimension axially of the shell, blade driving structure rotatable vwthin the shell, and means for mounting the blade on the driving structure with the edge of the blade in scraping engagement with the interior surface of the shell and with freedom for movement in a direction circumferentially of the driving structure, the mounting means comprising a plurality of spring assemblies spaced lfrom each other along said blade and axially of said shell and each assembly comprising a cluster of spring elements yieldingly holding the edge of the blade in scraping engagement with the interior surface of the shell, the blade being free for full floating spring suspension on said spring elements in said circumferential direction with the edge of the blade yieldingly held against the interior surface of the shell.
  • Scraper mechanism as defined in claim 9 and further including abutment means spaced from the scraper blade but limiting appreciable blade motion in said circumferential direction and thus limiting deflection of the blade mounting spring elements.
  • Scraper mechanism for use in scraping deposits from the interior surface of a shell in which materials are treated, comprising a scraper blade having an edge for engagement with the interior surface of the shell throughout an appreciable dimension axially of the shell, blade driving structure rotatable within the shell, and means for mounting the blade on the driving structure including a plurality of spring assemblies distributed along the lblade and each assembly comprising a cluster of spring elements arranged in close side-by-side relation.
  • Scraper mechanism for use in scraping deposits from the interior surface of a shell in which materials are treated, comprising a scraper blade having an edge for engagement with the interior surface of the shell throughout an appreciable dimension axially of the shell, blade driving structure rotatable within the shell, a blade retainer mounted on and rotatable with the driving structure, the retainer having a pair of opposed abutment surfaces embracing the blade and acting to limit blade movement crcumferentially of the driving structure, the abutment surfaces of said pair being circumferentially spaced from each other sufficiently to provide a limited range of blade movement circumferentially of the driving structure, and elongated spring elements for mounting the blade on the driving structure, the spring elements being distributed axially of the shell and including a multiplicity of elements located toward each end of the blade, the opposite ends of each spring being secured respectively to the rotative driving structure and the blade, and the springs providing full floating spring suspension of the blade during rotation thereof with the edge of the blade yieldingly held against the interior surface of the shell and with the blade
  • Scraper mechanism as defined in claim 12 in which groups of the springs are provided'with common securing means at least at one end thereof.
  • Scraper mechanism for use in scraping deposits from the interior surface of a shell in which materials are treated, comprising a scraper blade having an edge for engagement with the interior surfacel ofl the shell throughout an appreciable dimension axiallyk of the shell,l

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Milling, Broaching, Filing, Reaming, And Others (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
US866218A 1969-10-14 1969-10-14 Scraper blade mounting arrangement Expired - Lifetime US3621506A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86621869A 1969-10-14 1969-10-14

Publications (1)

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US3621506A true US3621506A (en) 1971-11-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US866218A Expired - Lifetime US3621506A (en) 1969-10-14 1969-10-14 Scraper blade mounting arrangement

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3621506A (fr)
JP (1) JPS4938680B1 (fr)
BE (1) BE757441A (fr)
CA (1) CA918360A (fr)
ES (1) ES195600Y (fr)
FR (1) FR2064322B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1261480A (fr)
NL (1) NL149905B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA706805B (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3990948A (en) * 1975-02-11 1976-11-09 Koppers Company, Inc. Apparatus for cleaning the bottom surface of a coke oven door plug
US4417952A (en) * 1981-12-28 1983-11-29 Koppers Company, Inc. Apparatus for cleaning coke oven doors
US4540471A (en) * 1984-06-25 1985-09-10 Progressive Recovery, Inc. Solvent distillation unit with adjustable scrapers
US5082534A (en) * 1990-03-14 1992-01-21 Wayne Technology, Inc. Pyrolytic conversion system
US5225044A (en) * 1990-03-14 1993-07-06 Wayne Technology, Inc. Pyrolytic conversion system
US5654470A (en) * 1995-08-11 1997-08-05 Eastman Kodak Company Recovery of components from polyester resins
US20130126330A1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2013-05-23 Shucheng Zhu Vertical pyrolysis equipment for coal material
WO2012125586A3 (fr) * 2011-03-11 2013-12-27 Blentech Corporation Échange de chaleur à surfaces multiples doté d'une capacité de mise sous vide et de racloirs magnétiques
CN110725015A (zh) * 2019-11-06 2020-01-24 杭州锐冠科技有限公司 一种刮刀头
EP4113045A1 (fr) 2021-06-28 2023-01-04 Marek Borawski Ensemble échangeur de chaleur

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4885105A (en) * 1987-05-14 1989-12-05 The Clorox Company Films from PVA modified with nonhydrolyzable anionic comonomers
JPH0248505A (ja) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-19 Tosa Guriinzu Kk 紙袋包装の農業用薬剤
JPH0656158A (ja) * 1991-02-08 1994-03-01 Kao Corp 水溶性ストリップ包装シート
GB2274321A (en) * 1993-01-19 1994-07-20 Pacific Well Services Limited Reaming tool for cleaning pipes
CN105370245B (zh) * 2014-08-29 2018-01-05 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种抽油杆刮蜡器

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3990948A (en) * 1975-02-11 1976-11-09 Koppers Company, Inc. Apparatus for cleaning the bottom surface of a coke oven door plug
US4417952A (en) * 1981-12-28 1983-11-29 Koppers Company, Inc. Apparatus for cleaning coke oven doors
US4540471A (en) * 1984-06-25 1985-09-10 Progressive Recovery, Inc. Solvent distillation unit with adjustable scrapers
US5082534A (en) * 1990-03-14 1992-01-21 Wayne Technology, Inc. Pyrolytic conversion system
US5225044A (en) * 1990-03-14 1993-07-06 Wayne Technology, Inc. Pyrolytic conversion system
US5654470A (en) * 1995-08-11 1997-08-05 Eastman Kodak Company Recovery of components from polyester resins
US20130126330A1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2013-05-23 Shucheng Zhu Vertical pyrolysis equipment for coal material
US8864947B2 (en) * 2010-08-19 2014-10-21 Xixia Dragon Into Special Material Co., Ltd. Vertical pyrolysis equipment for coal material
WO2012125586A3 (fr) * 2011-03-11 2013-12-27 Blentech Corporation Échange de chaleur à surfaces multiples doté d'une capacité de mise sous vide et de racloirs magnétiques
EP2684004A4 (fr) * 2011-03-11 2014-12-17 Blentech Corp Échange de chaleur à surfaces multiples doté d'une capacité de mise sous vide et de racloirs magnétiques
CN110725015A (zh) * 2019-11-06 2020-01-24 杭州锐冠科技有限公司 一种刮刀头
EP4113045A1 (fr) 2021-06-28 2023-01-04 Marek Borawski Ensemble échangeur de chaleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7014720A (fr) 1971-04-16
FR2064322B1 (fr) 1973-01-12
ZA706805B (en) 1971-07-28
BE757441A (fr) 1971-04-13
GB1261480A (en) 1972-01-26
CA918360A (en) 1973-01-09
FR2064322A1 (fr) 1971-07-23
DE2047366B2 (de) 1975-11-27
JPS4938680B1 (fr) 1974-10-19
ES195600U (es) 1975-02-16
DE2047366A1 (de) 1971-05-13
ES195600Y (es) 1975-08-01
NL149905B (nl) 1976-06-15

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