US3850179A - Method of making wigs or the like - Google Patents
Method of making wigs or the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3850179A US3850179A US00429299A US42929973A US3850179A US 3850179 A US3850179 A US 3850179A US 00429299 A US00429299 A US 00429299A US 42929973 A US42929973 A US 42929973A US 3850179 A US3850179 A US 3850179A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- wig
- hairs
- wefted
- forming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41G—ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS; WIGS; MASKS; FEATHERS
- A41G3/00—Wigs
- A41G3/0083—Wigs characterised by their hair filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
Definitions
- peripheral edge of the cross-section of the fibers and the drape index of the fibers is maintained in a specific range.
- the fibers are sewed together as wefted hairs which are then heat-set into the desired wig product.
- This invention relates to a method of making wigs or the like wherein the drapability and curled form settability are remarkably improved and more particularly to a method of making wigs or the like from novel synthetic fibers in which respectively four concave arcs and convex arcs are formed on the peripheral edge part of the cross-section and the drape index is maintained in a specific range.
- a main object of the present invention is to provide a method of making synthetic fiber wigs in which the curled form heat-setting treatment is possible at a comparatively low temperature and the drapability and curled form retainability of the final product are remarkably improved.
- Another object of the present invention is to establish a means of making wigs of synthetic fibers satisfying simultaneously the pliability as of monofilaments very similar to the touch of human hairs and the drapability of wefted hairs as of a fiber aggregate and excellent in the beauty.
- the relation of is maintained between the short diameter a and long diameter b connecting the opposed concave arcs and intersecting rectangularly with each other and the drape index K (in cmf) obtained by dividing the bending deflection Y (in cm.) at the free end of a cantilever on the entire length of which the dead-weight of the wig forming fibers is uniformly distributed by the fourth power of the span length l of the cantilever from the fixed end to the free end is maintained in the range 0.07 X 10 K 0.16X1O also greatly improved by using as a wefted hair forming component which is a fiber aggregation such synthetic fibers in which the cross-sectional shape and the drape index defined as a function of the modulus of direct elasticity E (in kg./cm. and the secondary moment of inertia of area I (in cm) of the cross-section are maintained in specific ranges.
- the drape index K is a coefficient obtained by supposing a cantilever of wig forming fibers of a span length l (in cm.) on which a uniform dead weight W (in kg./cm.) is made to act per unit length and dividing the bending deflection Y (in cm.) at the free end of said cantilever substantially identical with the wefted hair supporting form by the fourth power of the above mentioned span length l (in cm.) and is a physical quantity quantitatively indicating the drapability and curled form retainability of wefted hairs made by sewing arranged fiber bundles at one end.
- the bending deflection Y (in cm.) at the free end of the above mentioned cantilever is a dynamic characteristic value of the fibers defined by the modulus of direct elasticity E (in kg./cm. and the moment of inertia of area I (in kg./cm. of the cross-section of the wig forming fibers and is a physical quantity quantitatively indicating the bending deflection of the wig forming fibers including the monofilament denier and cross-sectional shape.
- the bending deflection Y (in cm.) at the free end of the cantilever consisting of the wig forming fibers can be theoretically calculated from the well known formula (3) for determining the deflection of a beam subjected to uniformly distributed loads.
- the curl setting conditions for wig forming fibers sewn as wefted hairs shall be considered.
- wig forming fibers are heated as wound on such cylinder as a hair curler and are heat-set as curled while an internal strain is given to said fibers. Therefore, it is understood that the curl retainability after the heat-setting is influenced by the heat-setting temperature, heating time and the thermal characteristics of the polymer component forming said fibers.
- the present inventors have elucidated the fact that the objects of the present invention can be effectively attained by maintaining in a specific range the drape index derived from the crosssectional shape of wig forming fibers and the deflection at the free end of a cantilever over the entire span length of which the dead-weight of said fibers is uniformly distributed.
- the bending behavior as of a fiber bundle in case a bending deformation is given is made essentially different from that of the above mentioned flat cross-section fibers so that the respective four concave arc parts and convex are parts may keep a line contact state favorable to impart a frictional force in the wefted hairs which are a fiber aggregation and the cross-sectional shapes may not be always rearranged only in the direction of minimizing the bending moment in the bending deformation.
- the bending rigidity El as of not only the individual monofilaments forming the wefted hairs but also the monofilament group forming the fiber aggregation will not greatly reduce as seen in the flat cross-section fiber bundle.
- the level of the bending rigidity required to retain the heat-set curled form can be well retained.
- the bending rigidity EI in the present invention is calculated according to the below mentioned formula El 02/3 X l (wherein a is a value read from the below mentioned stress-strain curve and has a relation of W aX and l is a length (in cm.) of the sample fiber) from the initial gradient a of the stress-strain curve obtained by recording the relation of the bending stress W-(in kg.) and bending deflection X (in cm.) by using a measuring apparatus suggested by R. M. Khayatt and N. H. Chamberlin (pages 185 to 197 of the Journal of Textile Insti-' tute, Vol. 39, 1948).
- synthetic fibers in which the bending rigidity BI is less than 2 X 10' (kg.cm?) and the drape index K exceeds 0.16 X 10' (cm.) are very soft in the hand in the touch, lack the softness in the sight, have a hand quite different from the pliability of human hairs and are not proper to use as wig forming fibers.
- a wig made of synthetic fibers in which the bending rigidity El exceeds 10 X 10 (kg.cm?) and the drape index K is less than 0.07 X 10 (cm is rigid in the touch lacks the softness in the sight and is very low in the commodity value.
- Wig fomiing fibers in which the product of the bending rigidity El and the drap index K exceeds 1.12 X 10 (kg.cm.) are small in the modulus of bending elasticity but are very large in the monofilament denier, lack the strength and will therefore break during the fiber producing step or during the use of the final product to remarkably reduce in the durability and beauty. Further, the wig forming fibers themselves are very thick, give a rigid feel, therefore show a rigid touch and hand far different from the hand of human hairs and show no pliability in the sight.
- the curl settability under the same curl setting temperature conditions will distinctly improve to be higher than in the case of conventional flat cross-section fibers and, even at a lower curl setting temperature, for example, dry heat of to C. in a beauty salon or general home, a curled form high in the durability can be effectively kept.
- wig forming fibers by imparting such specific cross-sectional shape and bending rigidity as are mentioned above to wig forming fibers, a line contact friction state will be held between the monofilaments forming the fiber bundle and the drapability of the wig forming fibers which are a fiber aggregation will remarkably improve. Further, the wig forming fibers according to the method of the present invention show no such difficulty in combing as is seen in fiat cross-section fibers. Such surprising effect that, even in the lustrous properties, they retain a tone rich in the shade and depth not comparable with those of conventional wig forming fibers containing a delustering agent is recognized.
- the method of the present invention can be generally used as a means of making wigs by using such synthetic fibers as acrylic synthetic fibers, polyesteric synthetic fibers or polyamidic synthetic fibers as a wefted hair or wig forming component.
- acrylic synthetic fibers have a clear dyeability and touch and hand very similar to those of human hairs
- an advantage of industrially working the method of the present invention as a method of making wigs of synthetic fibers by using acrylic synthetic fibers as a wefted hair forming component is recognized.
- the bending rigidity index of the sample fiber bundle was obtained by holding a sample fiber bundle of total Table 1 Sample Wig forming Monofi- Bending Bending Results of func- No. material lament rigidity El Drape index rigidity tional evaluadenier (kg.cm. (cmf index (g.) tion 1 Human hairs 48 5.8 X 10 0.12 X 10 17.8 Favorable 2 Acrylic synthetic 48 5.9 0.1 15 16.5 do.
- Fibers 3 do. 49 10.2 0.060 20.5 Excess bending rigidity T 4 do. 40 3.5 0.155 14.8 Passable 5 Polyvinyl 54 5.2 0.140 15.3 Favorable chloride fibers 6 Nylon-6 fibers 48 4.0 0.180 128 Short bending rigidity deniers of 60,000 deniers and a length of 6 cm. in the center part of the lengthwise direction with a curcular ring of an inside diameter of mm. made of a steel wire of a diameter of 1 mm, pulling out said fiber bundle through a circular ring of an inside diameter of 2 cm. made of a stainless steel smooth on the surface and measuring the maximum stress (in g.) at the time of pulling it out.
- EXAMPLE 2 Each of wigs made respectively of the sample fibers 7 and 8 and acrylic fibers of a flat cross-section having a b/a ratio of 10/1 and drape index of 0. l X 10 and prepared separately as a comparative sample had curls set at five curl setting temperatures of 70, 80, 90, 100 and 110C. and the curl setting rate was measured. Then the hairs were washed and the curl set reit is understood that the wigs made of synthetic fibers tentlon was measured not satisfying the drape index range suggested in the present invention do not meet the practical requirements in the drapability and touching hand. 1
- EXAMPLE 1 12 parts of an acrylonitrile polymer obtained by copolymerizing 90 percent acrylonitrile and 10 percent vinyl acetate were dissolved in an aqueous solution of sodium thiocyanate in an ordinary manner to prepare a spinning solution. Then this spinning solution was extruded into a low temperature coagulating bath consisting of a known aqueous solution of sodium thiocyanate through a spinneret provided with an l-shaped spinning orifice forming the final fiber to be of a peripheral edge shape of the cross-section defined by the relative formula (l) and was then water-washed, stretched and dried or heat-treated to make six kinds of sample fibers.
- the curl diameter D (in mm.) was measured and the curl set index was calculated according to the following formula.
- Curl set index 30/D X 100 (percent) After the curl set index was measured the operation of dipping the sample wig in warm water at 30C., then pulling it up and squeezing out the deposited water was repeated 30 times during 3 minutes, then it was dehydrated and was air-dried for 24 hours, then the curl diameter D (in mm.) was measured and the curl set retention after washing the hairs was calculated by the following formula.
- EXAMPLE 4 The fiat cross-section acrylic fibers prepared as the comparative sample in Example 2 and the sample fibers shown in the sample No. 7 were respectively dyed and were then sewn into wefted hairs. The thus obtained two kinds sample wigs had curled set and were then functionally evaluated in the shade and luster in the sight by the paneler of three beauty experts. The results of the judgments are shown in Table 5. By the way, the result of the judgment of the human hair wig indicated as the sample No. 1 in the reference example as a reference material is also mentioned (All the sample fibers were thickly dyed to correspond to J L Color No. 3).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP48006400A JPS5222300B2 (fr) | 1973-01-12 | 1973-01-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3850179A true US3850179A (en) | 1974-11-26 |
Family
ID=11637302
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00429299A Expired - Lifetime US3850179A (en) | 1973-01-12 | 1973-12-28 | Method of making wigs or the like |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3850179A (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPS5222300B2 (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB1407382A (fr) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4171001A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1979-10-16 | Monsanto Company | Method for making a weft and a wig made from the same |
| US20050258130A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-24 | Fallaha Khalil M | Integrated drip proof stopper system |
| US20080314402A1 (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2008-12-25 | Yutaka Shirakashi | Artificial Hair, Wig Using the Same, and Method of Making Artificial Hair |
| US20100229882A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2010-09-16 | Yasuhisa Sotokawa | Wig |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5580324U (fr) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-06-03 | ||
| JPS60197375A (ja) * | 1984-03-21 | 1985-10-05 | 菅井 洋志郎 | 磁石付きカルコ |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3605761A (en) * | 1970-01-13 | 1971-09-20 | Ronald A Magro | Method of fastfning hairpiece |
| US3695278A (en) * | 1969-10-28 | 1972-10-03 | Arnulf Rieger | Device for covering a partial baldness |
-
1973
- 1973-01-12 JP JP48006400A patent/JPS5222300B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1973-12-28 US US00429299A patent/US3850179A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-01-11 GB GB144274A patent/GB1407382A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3695278A (en) * | 1969-10-28 | 1972-10-03 | Arnulf Rieger | Device for covering a partial baldness |
| US3605761A (en) * | 1970-01-13 | 1971-09-20 | Ronald A Magro | Method of fastfning hairpiece |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4171001A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1979-10-16 | Monsanto Company | Method for making a weft and a wig made from the same |
| US20050258130A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-24 | Fallaha Khalil M | Integrated drip proof stopper system |
| US20080314402A1 (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2008-12-25 | Yutaka Shirakashi | Artificial Hair, Wig Using the Same, and Method of Making Artificial Hair |
| US20100229882A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2010-09-16 | Yasuhisa Sotokawa | Wig |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS4994462A (fr) | 1974-09-07 |
| GB1407382A (en) | 1975-09-24 |
| JPS5222300B2 (fr) | 1977-06-16 |
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