US5025651A - Movable shears upstream of a bending assembly and method to bend the trailing end of bars - Google Patents

Movable shears upstream of a bending assembly and method to bend the trailing end of bars Download PDF

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Publication number
US5025651A
US5025651A US07/463,314 US46331490A US5025651A US 5025651 A US5025651 A US 5025651A US 46331490 A US46331490 A US 46331490A US 5025651 A US5025651 A US 5025651A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bar
bending
shears
feed direction
longitudinally extending
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US07/463,314
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English (en)
Inventor
Marcello del Fabro
Giorgio Del Fabro
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MEP Macchine Elettroniche Piegatrici SpA
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MEP Macchine Elettroniche Piegatrici SpA
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Assigned to M.E.P. MACCHINE ELETTRONICHE PIEGATRICI SPA reassignment M.E.P. MACCHINE ELETTRONICHE PIEGATRICI SPA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DEL FABRO, GIORGIO, DEL FABRO, MARCELLO
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F1/00—Bending wire other than coiling; Straightening wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D11/00—Bending not restricted to forms of material mentioned in only one of groups B21D5/00, B21D7/00, B21D9/00; Bending not provided for in groups B21D5/00 - B21D9/00; Twisting
    • B21D11/10—Bending specially adapted to produce specific articles, e.g. leaf springs
    • B21D11/12—Bending specially adapted to produce specific articles, e.g. leaf springs the articles being reinforcements for concrete
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
    • B21D43/006—Feeding elongated articles, such as tubes, bars, or profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/12—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes with program control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D31/00—Shearing machines or shearing devices covered by none or more than one of the groups B23D15/00 - B23D29/00; Combinations of shearing machines

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a shears unit of a movable type for shearing to size, which is positioned upstream of a bending assembly in an automatic or non-automatic bar bending-shaping machine having a bending assembly located downstream of at least one bar feeder unit, a shears being included.
  • the invention concerns also a method to bend the trailing end of bars in an automatic or non-automatic bar bending-shaping machine with a bending assembly located downstream of the shears and with a bar feeder unit upstream of the shears.
  • the bending-shaping machines to which the invention is applied have the purpose advantageously, but not only, of producing reinforcing bars with one or more bends in the end which is sheared last. They can also be employed to bend solid or hollow bars of any type with bends having a clockwise and/or anticlockwise development.
  • the bars which can be bent with the bending-shaping machines to which the invention is applied can be already straightened or already straightened and sheared to size or may require straightening.
  • One type of bending-shaping machine to which the invention is applied comprises one single bending assembly located imemdiately downstream of a shears and processes bars fed continuously and passing normally beforehand through a straightening assembly forming part of the same machine and performing also the function of a feeder unit.
  • the invention is therefore applied to automatic and non-automatic bar bending-shaping machines including a bending assembly which may comprise either a bending disk able to move orthogonally to the direction of feed or a stationary bending disk.
  • the bending disk may be axially stationary or able to move axially or to rock.
  • the bending disk may be of a type bearing only a bending pin and therefore cooperating with stationary contrast and shaping cams, or else it may comprise a bending pin and a contrast roll solidly fixed to the bending disk itself.
  • the bending-shaping machines to which the invention can be applied are able to process one or more bars at a time automatically or not automatically.
  • bars in this invention we mean substantially filiform elements produced by rolling, extrusion, drawing or forming and having any required section (round, square, rectangular, hexagonal, oval, etc.) including even external ribs.
  • the section of the bars may be solid or hollow.
  • EP-A-3-88576 discloses a bending-shaping machine with a bending assembly, in which strip material is fed continuously; the machine is suitable to make the required bends in the strip material automatically.
  • This document teaches the positioning of a movable shears on a support arranged transversely and above the bending plane. This embodiment is very restrictive since the permitted bends are very small and therefore not enough to cover the wide ranges required in modern technology.
  • Our invention has the purpose of producing the required bends automatically or otherwise at both ends of one or more bars; hereinafter the word "bar” shall be taken as always meaning "one or more bars”.
  • the bar according to this invention also has a substantial distance between the two ends of two successive bends and this distance must not be less than at least half a meter in the normal dimensions for a bending-shaping machine according to this invention.
  • One embodiment of the invention provides for the shears to be able to move along the axis of feed of the bar upstream of the bending assembly and to be actuated by a slider element or carriage able to slide in cooperation with a working platform.
  • the shears can move by a maximum determined length and can be positioned as required in any intermediate position.
  • the shears when the shears has performed the shearing, it retreats momentarily by a small value to enable the trailing end of the residual bar to be disengaged from the shears so that the bar can rotate freely during the bending step.
  • the shears not only can move lengthwise to the feed but also has a first shearing position and a second retracted position that frees the upper surface of the working platform so as to allow the trailing end of the residual bar to pass freely.
  • the shears In this second inactive position of non-contact the shears is located advantageously, but not only, below the upper level of the working platform.
  • the movable shears according to the invention enables the residual trailing end of the bar to be sheared from the bar to the required length to permit the required bends in the trailing end of the residual bar.
  • a drawing unit is included downstream of the bending assembly and can be actuated to act on the bar so as to position it correctly for performance of the required bends in the trailing end of the residual portion of the bar.
  • FIG.1 shows a three-dimensional, partly cutaway diagram of part of the bending-shaping machine that employs the invention
  • FIG.2 shows the embodiment of FIG.1 with some bends made in the leading and trailing ends of the bar
  • FIG.3 shows the embodiment of FIG.1 with a retractable drawing unit fitted downstream of a bending assembly.
  • the invention is applied to a specific automatic bending-shaping machine to which is fitted a shears 24 able to move along the axis of a bar 29.
  • the bar 29 is fed continuously in a defined straightened condition and cooperates in its advance with the shears 24 located immediately upstream of a bending assembly 35.
  • the shears 24 can move along the axis of the bar 29 by a determined maximum length. Within this maximum length of travel the shears 24 can be positioned as required in any terminal or intermediate position.
  • the bending assembly 35 of the type shown as an example is the subject of a parallel right belonging to the present applicant and is illustrated in FIGS.1 and 3.
  • a drawing unit 10 too shown in FIG.3 is the subject of an independent, parallel patent application in the name of the present applicant.
  • the bending assembly 35 shown comprises a bending disk 11 with an axial contrast roll 12 and a bending pin 13.
  • the bending disk 11 is supported rotatably on a slider element 27, which can slide on appropriate guides in a rocker base 18 and takes up in relation to that base at least two positions suitable to make clockwise and anticlockwise bends respectively.
  • the rocker base 18 is secured to a rocker frame 28 in a direction substantially normal to a working platform 22 by means of a rocker pivot 21 located downstream of the bending disk 11.
  • the rocking movement of the rocker base 18 is produced in this example by a first rocker cylinder/piston assembly 25.
  • the rocker pivot 21 is positioned downstream of the bending assembly 35 and substantially normal to the bar 29 and parallel to the working platform 22.
  • the slider element 27 is driven by a first motor 20 of any required type, while the working platform 22 includes a hollow 23 suitable to accommodate the terminal positions of the bending disk 11.
  • the first motor 20 is of a rotary type that drives a threaded bolt 19 which by meshing with an internally threaded sleeve 17 conditions the lengthwise position of the slider element 27 within the rocker base 18.
  • Rotation of the bending disk 11 is achieved by means of a driven toothed wheel 14 actuated by a powered toothed wheel 15 which in turn is driven by a second motor 16.
  • the means supplying motion and the transmission and/or control means are shown here as an example so as to clarify the method of working of the invention but can be replaced by any other drive, transmission and/or control means suitable for the purpose, and the same applies to any drive, transmission and/or control means mentioned in this description.
  • FIG.1 shows a drawing unit 36 located upstream of the movable shears 24.
  • This drawing unit 36 can be independent and perfom only the task of drawing the bar 29 or may form part or be replaced by a continuous straightening assembly, which should be comprised advantageously in the bending-shaping machine we are describing.
  • the drawing unit 36 includes in this case rolls 38 driven by a third motor 37 and able to act on the bar 29.
  • the movable shears 24 is located upstream of the bending assembly 35 and in the example shown comprises a slide block 45 able to slide in guides positioned in cooperation with the working platform 22.
  • Lengthwise movement of the slide block 45 is obtained by means of a second cylinder/piston actuator assembly 39.
  • the slide block 45 comprises a positioner projection 43, which abuts against a positioner abutment 41 and halts the slide block 45 in the required position for the shears 24.
  • the positioner abutment 41 can be moved and positioned as required by a slider 49 on a guide 40.
  • the movement and positioning of the slider 49 are obtained with a fourth motor 46 that actuates a screw 47 which cooperates with an internally threaded sleeve 48 of the slider 49.
  • the movable shears 24 can be positioned as desired in relation to the bending assembly 35 within the limits determined by the minimum and maximum distances of the movable shears 24 from the bending assembly 35. In this way the length of the trailing end "C" of the residual bar 129 determined by the actuation of the shears 24 by a third cylinder/piston actuator assembly 42 can be varied as required and will not be a constant length as occurs at the present time.
  • the slide block 45 retreats momentarily by a desired length before taking up the pre-set shearing position again.
  • the length of this retreat may range between a few millimeters and the distance to the end of travel farthest from the bending assembly 35.
  • the actuation which determines the working position and the retracted position of the abutment pins 44 away from the upper working platform 22 can be provided with any actuation means (not shown here); for instance, a cylinder/piston actuator assembly may be employed.
  • the drawing unit 10 is located downstream of the bending assembly 35 and cooperates with the nominal axis at least of the residual bar 129 when it is in its working position.
  • the drawing unit 10 comprises pairs of entraining rolls 31 which may be thrust resiliently towards each other so as to mate together and draw actively at least the residual bar 129 when so required.
  • the entraining rolls 31 may all be powered or some may be powered, for instance by a fifth motor 32 suitable for the purpose.
  • the entraining rolls 31 have their axes normal to the working platform 22 and are upheld on a support 33, which too in this example is capable of being rocked at 121 with the rocker pivot 21 which secures the support 33 to the frame 28.
  • the rocking movement of the support 33 is achieved with a fourh cylinder/piston rocker assembly 34 or another suitable means such as a cam or another means.
  • the support 33 can be accommodated within a lodgement opening 30 machined in the working platform 22.
  • a levelling closure may be provided to close the lodgement opening 30.
  • the drawing unit 10 cooperates with a measurement unit that determines the length of drawing of the bar 29.
  • This measurement unit which is not shown here, takes into account the distance between the axis of the bending disk 11 and the position of the drawing unit 10.
  • the shears 24 can not only move but also be retracted.
  • the shears 24 is retractable, the length of the sides of the bends in the trailing end "C" of the bar becomes free of structural conditionings by the bending-shaping machine and therefore the distance between the bends can be considered.
  • the drawing unit 10 positions the trailing end "C" of the residual bar 129 and determines a first bend 26 and thereafter a second bend 126.
  • the movable shears 24 is retractable, the length of the sides of the bends made in the trailing end "C" of the bar is free of conditioning, whereas if the movable shears 24 is not retractable, the maximum length of the sides of the bends made in the trailing end "C” is determined by the momentary position of the movable shears 24 or by the temporary position of maximum retreat of the movable shears 24.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Shearing Machines (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
US07/463,314 1989-01-18 1990-01-10 Movable shears upstream of a bending assembly and method to bend the trailing end of bars Expired - Lifetime US5025651A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT15903A/89 1989-01-18
IT8915903A IT1235176B (it) 1989-01-18 1989-01-18 Cesoia mobile a monte gruppo piegatore e procedimento di piegatura in coda.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5025651A true US5025651A (en) 1991-06-25

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US07/463,314 Expired - Lifetime US5025651A (en) 1989-01-18 1990-01-10 Movable shears upstream of a bending assembly and method to bend the trailing end of bars

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US5025651A (it)
EP (1) EP0379030B1 (it)
JP (1) JPH02224911A (it)
AT (1) ATE94096T1 (it)
CA (1) CA2007985C (it)
DE (1) DE69003116T2 (it)
DK (1) DK0379030T3 (it)
ES (1) ES2044237T3 (it)
IT (1) IT1235176B (it)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5199292A (en) * 1991-02-28 1993-04-06 M.E.P. Macchine Elettroniche Piegatrici Spa Assembly to bend bundles of rods
US5203195A (en) * 1990-01-12 1993-04-20 Evg Entwicklungs- U.Vertwertungs-Gesellschaft Mbh Bending machine for bending bar-shaped material
US6029494A (en) * 1998-11-05 2000-02-29 Wu; David Spring producing device
US6128940A (en) * 1995-06-22 2000-10-10 Sds Usa, Inc. Folding system for a cutting blade
US6260395B1 (en) 1996-03-05 2001-07-17 Adaptive Motion Control Systems, Inc. Vertically oriented apparatus for bending tubing, and method of using same
US20030089153A1 (en) * 2000-04-03 2003-05-15 Joel Etienne Bending machine for rods with resettable folding shank
US20040050136A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2004-03-18 Joel Etienne Fast and automated tool-changing device with standard conical tool support for digitally controlled bending machine
US20080035823A1 (en) * 2003-08-27 2008-02-14 Rossini Alfred P Laptop Computer Stand
US20080252045A1 (en) * 2007-04-11 2008-10-16 Rossini Alfred P Single-Post, Height Adjustable Cart
US20090315287A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-24 Rossini Alfred P Mobile Cart
US20100307213A1 (en) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Wafios Aktiengesellschaft Bending apparatus for rod-shaped workpieces
US20110140381A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2011-06-16 Jaco, Inc. Mobile Cart Base with Traction Wheel
CN108620467A (zh) * 2018-02-05 2018-10-09 青岛海尔特种电冰柜有限公司 内冷管自动拉伸设备及加工方法
CN112547868A (zh) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-26 浙江昊国家具有限公司 一种椅子金属支架节能弯管机

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2072641T3 (es) * 1991-02-28 1995-07-16 Piegatrici Macch Elettr Planta para seleccionar y curvar barras para trabajos de construccion.
IT1252984B (it) * 1991-10-21 1995-07-10 Piegatrici Macch Elettr Macchina piegatrice sagomatrice a livelli operativi multipli
WO1993019865A1 (de) * 1992-04-03 1993-10-14 Evg Entwicklungs- U.Verwertungsgesellschaft M.B.H. Biegemaschine zum gleichzeitigen biegen zweier übereinanderliegender einzeldrähte
DE4229920A1 (de) * 1992-09-08 1994-03-10 Peddinghaus Rolf Betonstahl-Biegemaschine
ITUD20040032A1 (it) * 2004-02-25 2004-05-25 Omes Ohg Srl Dispositivo piegatore per barre
GR1005272B (el) * 2005-11-15 2006-09-12 Μεθοδος και συστημα αντιστρεψης συρματος, υλικου πρισματικης διατομης και μπετοβεργας
ITUD20110061A1 (it) * 2011-04-18 2012-10-19 Piegatrici Macch Elettr Macchina piegatrice di barre metalliche, quali tondi per armatura o simili
DE102011106942A1 (de) 2011-07-08 2013-01-10 Wafios Ag Biegevorrichtung für stabförmige Werkstücke
IT201700064059A1 (it) * 2017-06-09 2018-12-09 A L F A Costr Metalmeccaniche S R L Macchina piegatrice
IT201700092356A1 (it) * 2017-08-09 2019-02-09 M E P Macch Elettroniche Piegatrici Spa Macchina e procedimento per piegare elementi oblunghi, preferibilmente metallici, quali barre, vergelle, profilati, o simili
CN107755563B (zh) * 2017-12-18 2024-05-14 张家港兴宇机械制造有限公司 弯管机中的管件夹持机构
IT202000016969A1 (it) * 2020-07-13 2022-01-13 Oscam S R L Unità di piegatura
CN115533541B (zh) * 2022-09-30 2024-11-19 诸暨市浩海空调器制造有限公司 一种紫铜管件加工用多工位折弯加工设备

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US1954791A (en) * 1932-07-30 1934-04-17 American Can Co Machine for making can opening keys
US3269164A (en) * 1963-08-29 1966-08-30 Johns Manville Method and apparatus for the formation of folds in metal sheets
US3438233A (en) * 1967-08-09 1969-04-15 Penn Machinery Co Indexing mechanism
US3762196A (en) * 1970-07-29 1973-10-02 D Kempken Pipe bending machine
EP0015354A1 (en) * 1979-02-28 1980-09-17 M.E.P. Macchine Elettroniche Piegatrici S.p.A. Stirrup machine
US4280350A (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-07-28 Consolidated Foods Corporation Wire bending system
DE3123558A1 (de) * 1981-06-13 1983-01-20 Peddinghaus, Rolf, 5828 Ennepetal Vorrichtung zum halten von stahlstaeben
JPS61150725A (ja) * 1984-12-24 1986-07-09 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 鉄筋曲げ機
US4681210A (en) * 1984-08-23 1987-07-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Apparatus for feeding bars through a bending or like processing station
US4823577A (en) * 1985-03-01 1989-04-25 Sumimoto Metal Industries, Ltd. Method of feeding material to hot forging machine

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2119299A (en) * 1982-03-04 1983-11-16 Pa Management Consult Making cutting tools

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1954791A (en) * 1932-07-30 1934-04-17 American Can Co Machine for making can opening keys
US3269164A (en) * 1963-08-29 1966-08-30 Johns Manville Method and apparatus for the formation of folds in metal sheets
US3438233A (en) * 1967-08-09 1969-04-15 Penn Machinery Co Indexing mechanism
US3762196A (en) * 1970-07-29 1973-10-02 D Kempken Pipe bending machine
EP0015354A1 (en) * 1979-02-28 1980-09-17 M.E.P. Macchine Elettroniche Piegatrici S.p.A. Stirrup machine
US4280350A (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-07-28 Consolidated Foods Corporation Wire bending system
DE3123558A1 (de) * 1981-06-13 1983-01-20 Peddinghaus, Rolf, 5828 Ennepetal Vorrichtung zum halten von stahlstaeben
US4681210A (en) * 1984-08-23 1987-07-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Apparatus for feeding bars through a bending or like processing station
JPS61150725A (ja) * 1984-12-24 1986-07-09 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 鉄筋曲げ機
US4823577A (en) * 1985-03-01 1989-04-25 Sumimoto Metal Industries, Ltd. Method of feeding material to hot forging machine

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5203195A (en) * 1990-01-12 1993-04-20 Evg Entwicklungs- U.Vertwertungs-Gesellschaft Mbh Bending machine for bending bar-shaped material
US5199292A (en) * 1991-02-28 1993-04-06 M.E.P. Macchine Elettroniche Piegatrici Spa Assembly to bend bundles of rods
US6128940A (en) * 1995-06-22 2000-10-10 Sds Usa, Inc. Folding system for a cutting blade
US6260395B1 (en) 1996-03-05 2001-07-17 Adaptive Motion Control Systems, Inc. Vertically oriented apparatus for bending tubing, and method of using same
US6029494A (en) * 1998-11-05 2000-02-29 Wu; David Spring producing device
US6813922B2 (en) * 2000-04-03 2004-11-09 Numalliance Bending machine for rods with resettable folding shank
US20030089153A1 (en) * 2000-04-03 2003-05-15 Joel Etienne Bending machine for rods with resettable folding shank
US7124486B2 (en) 2000-10-31 2006-10-24 Macsoft. S.A. Fast and automated tool-changing device with standard conical tool support for digitally controlled bending machine
US20040050136A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2004-03-18 Joel Etienne Fast and automated tool-changing device with standard conical tool support for digitally controlled bending machine
US20080035823A1 (en) * 2003-08-27 2008-02-14 Rossini Alfred P Laptop Computer Stand
US20080252045A1 (en) * 2007-04-11 2008-10-16 Rossini Alfred P Single-Post, Height Adjustable Cart
US20090315287A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-24 Rossini Alfred P Mobile Cart
US20110140381A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2011-06-16 Jaco, Inc. Mobile Cart Base with Traction Wheel
US20100307213A1 (en) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Wafios Aktiengesellschaft Bending apparatus for rod-shaped workpieces
US8561449B2 (en) * 2009-06-05 2013-10-22 Wafios Aktiengesellschaft Bending apparatus for rod-shaped workpieces
CN108620467A (zh) * 2018-02-05 2018-10-09 青岛海尔特种电冰柜有限公司 内冷管自动拉伸设备及加工方法
CN108620467B (zh) * 2018-02-05 2024-02-20 青岛海尔特种电冰柜有限公司 内冷管自动拉伸设备及加工方法
CN112547868A (zh) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-26 浙江昊国家具有限公司 一种椅子金属支架节能弯管机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0379030A1 (en) 1990-07-25
IT1235176B (it) 1992-06-23
IT8915903A0 (it) 1989-01-18
DK0379030T3 (da) 1994-02-07
CA2007985A1 (en) 1990-07-18
DE69003116D1 (de) 1993-10-14
DE69003116T2 (de) 1994-01-05
CA2007985C (en) 2000-05-30
EP0379030B1 (en) 1993-09-08
ATE94096T1 (de) 1993-09-15
JPH02224911A (ja) 1990-09-06
ES2044237T3 (es) 1994-01-01

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