US7772806B2 - Power storage system - Google Patents

Power storage system Download PDF

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Publication number: US7772806B2
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: unit; power storage; primary side; secondary side; control unit
Prior art date: 2006-04-11
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Active, expires 2028-04-05

Application number

US11/663,648

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English (en)

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US20090015199A1 (en

Inventor

Hidetoshi Kitanaka

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Nexgen Control Systems LLC

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Mitsubishi Electric Corp

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2006-04-11

Filing date

2006-04-11

Publication date

2010-08-10

2006-04-11 Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp

2007-03-23 Assigned to MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION reassignment MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KITANAKA, HIDETOSHI

2009-01-15 Publication of US20090015199A1 publication Critical patent/US20090015199A1/en

2010-08-10 Application granted granted Critical

2010-08-10 Publication of US7772806B2 publication Critical patent/US7772806B2/en

2021-01-19 Assigned to NEXGEN CONTROL SYSTEMS, LLC reassignment NEXGEN CONTROL SYSTEMS, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION

Status Active legal-status Critical Current

2028-04-05 Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
- H02J7/61—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overcharge
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
- H02J7/63—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overdischarge
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
- H02J7/65—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overtemperature
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/525—Temperature of converter or components thereof
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
- B60L2260/10—Temporary overload
- B60L2260/16—Temporary overload of electrical drive trains
- B60L2260/165—Temporary overload of electrical drive trains of converters
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Details of circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

the present invention relates to a power storage system that stores DC power for charging/discharging, and the invention is applicable for example to an electric rolling stock.
Patent Documents 1 and 2 briefly describe the configuration and operation of the power storage system, there is no disclosure about specific methods of operation when the power storage system is activated, operated, and stopped, abnormality detecting methods, and methods of operation when an abnormality is detected.
the present invention was made in view of the above-described circumstances, and it is an object of the invention to provide an optimum power storage system for application to a traction system or the like capable of surely carrying out activation, operation, and stopping that are important and necessary in actually using the power storage system and appropriately addressing various kinds of abnormalities.
An aspect of the present invention is a power storage system comprising:
a DC-DC converter unit regulating DC power from a DC power supply into prescribed voltage and current
a power storage unit storing DC power regulated by the DC-DC converter
the power storage system on the DC power supply side(the primary side) of the DC-DC converter, includes:
the power storage system on the power storage unit side (the secondary side) of the DC-DC converter unit, includes:
the power storage system includes a system control unit for controlling on/off states of at least the primary side switch unit, the secondary side switch unit and the DC-DC converter unit, inputted operational commands from outside of the power storage system and signals from the primary side current detecting unit, the primary side voltage detecting unit, the primary side switch unit, the primary side filter unit, the DC-DC converter unit, the secondary side filter unit, the secondary side switch unit, the secondary side voltage detecting unit, the secondary side current detecting unit and the power storage unit.
a system control unit for controlling on/off states of at least the primary side switch unit, the secondary side switch unit and the DC-DC converter unit, inputted operational commands from outside of the power storage system and signals from the primary side current detecting unit, the primary side voltage detecting unit, the primary side switch unit, the primary side filter unit, the DC-DC converter unit, the secondary side filter unit, the secondary side switch unit, the secondary side voltage detecting unit, the secondary side current detecting unit and the power storage unit.
an optimum power storage system for application to a traction system or the like capable of surely carrying out activation, operation, and stopping and appropriately addressing various kinds of abnormalities can be implemented.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a power storage system according to a first embodiment of the invention
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a DC power supply 1 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a breaking unit 8 according to the first embodiment
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a primary current detecting unit 10 according to the first embodiment
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a primary voltage detecting unit 20 according to the first embodiment
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a primary side switch unit 30 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of switches according to the first to seventh embodiments.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a primary side filter unit 40 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment
FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment
FIG. 10 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a converter circuit 51 a according to the first embodiment
FIG. 11 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment
FIG. 12 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a secondary filter unit 60 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment
FIG. 13 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a secondary side switch unit 70 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment
FIG. 14 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a secondary side voltage detecting unit 80 according to the first embodiment
FIG. 15 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a secondary side current detecting unit 90 according to the first embodiment
FIG. 16 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a protective unit 100 according to the first embodiment
FIG. 17 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a power storage unit 110 according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 18 is a diagram of the configuration of a power storage system according to a second embodiment
FIG. 19 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a DC power supply 1 ( 2 ) according to the second embodiment
FIG. 20 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a primary side filter unit 40 ( 2 ) according to the second embodiment
FIG. 21 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a power storage system according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 22 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a discharge circuit unit 45 ( 2 ) according to the third embodiment
FIG. 23 is a diagram of a power storage system according to a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 24 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a primary side switch unit 30 ( 2 ) according to the fourth embodiment
FIG. 25 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a power storage system according to a fifth embodiment.
FIG. 26 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a secondary side switch unit 70 ( 2 ) according to the fifth embodiment
FIG. 27 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a power storage system according to a sixth embodiment.
FIG. 28 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) according to the sixth embodiment
FIG. 29 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a converter circuit 51 b according to the sixth embodiment.
FIG. 30 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ) according to the sixth embodiment.
FIG. 31 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a secondary filter unit 60 ( 2 ) according to the sixth embodiment.
FIG. 32 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a power storage system according to a seventh embodiment.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the configuration of a power storage system according to a first embodiment of the invention.
the power storage system 200 ( 1 ) is connected to a DC power supply 1 ( 1 ), and the power storage system 200 ( 1 ) includes a breaking unit 8 that has current breaking means, a primary side current detecting unit 10 positioned in the succeeding stage of the breaking unit 8 to detect current at a primary side main circuit, a primary side voltage detecting unit 20 positioned in the succeeding state of the primary side current detecting unit 10 to detect voltage at the primary side main circuit, a primary side switch unit 30 ( 1 ) positioned in the succeeding stage of the primary side voltage detecting unit 20 to open/close the primary side main circuit, a primary side filter unit 40 ( 1 ) positioned in the succeeding stage of the primary side switch unit 30 ( 1 ) to reduce harmonics at the primary side main circuit, a DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ) positioned in the succeeding stage of the primary filter unit 40 ( 1 ), a secondary side filter unit 60 ( 1 ) positioned on the secondary side of the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ) to
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) outputs a closing command S 0 to the breaking unit 8 , closing commands S 1 and S 2 to the primary side switch unit 30 ( 1 ), an operation command S 3 to the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ), a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ), and closing commands S 5 to S 7 to the secondary side switch unit 70 ( 1 ).
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) is provided with an auxiliary contact signal F 0 from the breaking unit 8 , primary side current I 1 and primary side differential current I 2 from the primary side current detecting unit 10 , primary side voltage V 1 from the primary side voltage detecting unit 20 , auxiliary contact signals F 1 and F 2 from the primary side switch unit 30 ( 1 ), primary side capacitor voltage V 2 from the primary side filter unit 40 ( 1 ), a status signal F 3 from the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ), a status signal F 4 from the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ), secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 from the secondary side filter unit 60 ( 1 ), auxiliary contact signals F 5 to F 7 from the secondary side switch unit 70 ( 1 ), secondary side voltage V 4 from the secondary side voltage detecting unit 80 , secondary side positive current I 3 , secondary side differential current I 4 , and secondary side negative side current I 5 from the secondary side current detecting unit 90 , auxiliary contact signals F 8 and F 9 from the protective unit 100 , and a status signal F 10 from the power storage unit 110
control power supply (not shown) from the side used for example to drive switches built in the primary side switch unit and the secondary side switch unit, have the DC-DC converter and the discharge circuit operated, and have the system control unit and a computer provided in a converter control unit (that will be described) operated.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a DC power supply 1 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment of the invention.
the DC power supply 1 ( 1 ) is voltage applied between a pantograph 1 c and a rail 1 i in a circuit including a DC voltage source 1 a , an overhead contact line 1 b , the pantograph 1 c , and the rail 1 i.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the breaking unit 8 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
the breaking unit 8 includes a switch 8 a.
the switch 8 a is a switch (so-called breaker) capable of automatically breaking a circuit without an externally applied command if excess current is passed.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the primary side current detecting unit 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
the unit includes a current detector 11 that detects the primary side current I 1 and a current detector 12 that detects the differential current I 2 between the positive side and the negative side.
the current detectors both detect current by converting a flux generated by the current passing across each current detector into a current value, while they may have other structures.
the positive side line and the negative side line are penetrated through the current detector 12 in the manner in which their current directions are opposite to each other.
the positive side current and the negative side current have equal magnitudes and directed in different directions, and therefore the sum of the fluxes generated by the positive current and the negative side current is zero, so that the current value detected by the current detector 12 is zero.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) can monitor the primary side differential current I 2 to detect the leakage current.
the current leakage is caused by degraded line insulation or the like, which could give rise to a short circuit or a ground fault unless quick recovery is made.
Current leakage is detected when it is still in a small amount and input to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and appropriate measures that will be described are taken, so that a short circuit or a ground fault can be prevented.
the primary side current I 1 and the secondary side differential current I 2 detected by the current detectors 11 and 12 are output to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
the primary side current detecting unit 10 may be provided immediately after the breaking unit 8 (preceding the primary side voltage detecting unit 20 ), so that the differential current can be detected upstream of the circuit in view of the DC power supply 1 ( 1 ), and the range of the circuit that can be detected for leakage current caused by voltage from the DC power supply 1 ( 1 ) can be maximized.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the primary side voltage detecting unit 20 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
the primary side voltage detecting unit 20 includes a voltage detector 21 that detects the voltage between the positive side and the negative side.
the detected primary side voltage V 1 is output to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the primary side switch unit 30 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment of the invention.
the primary side switch unit 30 ( 1 ) includes a switch 31 a arranged in series with the positive side and a series circuit having a switch 31 b and a charging resistor 32 arranged in parallel to the switch 31 a .
the switches 31 a and 31 b are provided with closing signals S 1 and S 2 , respectively and auxiliary contact signals F 1 and F 2 (that will be described) are input from the switches 31 a and 31 b to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c according to the first embodiment of the invention. Note that the switches 71 a to 71 c will be described later.
the configuration includes a main contact 31 a 1 that opens/closes the main circuit, a closing coil 31 a 3 that drives the main contact 31 a 1 , and auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 mechanically connected to the main contact 31 a 1 to be closed/opened in response to the closing/opening of the main contact 31 a 1 .
the closing coil 31 a 3 is a electromagnetic coil that is turned on/off in response to closing commands S 0 to S 2 and S 5 to S 7 input from the system control unit 120 ( 1 ), and the main contact 31 a 1 is closed/opened in response to the presence/absence of the driving force of the coil.
auxiliary contact signals F 0 to F 2 and F 5 to F 7 indicating the operation of the main contact 31 a 1 detected by the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 are output to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c are mechanical switches, but the switches may be other kinds of switches such as semiconductor type contactless switches as long as the opening and closing and the operation confirmation of the circuit can be carried out using them.
the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 is closed in response to the closing of the main contact 31 a 1 and opened in response to its opening. Conversely, the auxiliary contact may be opened/closed in response to the closing/opening of the main contact 31 a 1 .
FIG. 8 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the primary side filter unit 40 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment of the invention.
a voltage detector 42 is connected in the succeeding stage of a reactor 41 .
Primary side capacitor voltage V 2 detected by the voltage detector 42 is output to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
a noise filter 44 is connected in the succeeding stage of the voltage detector 42 , and a primary side capacitor 43 is connected in the succeeding stage of the noise filter 44 .
the noise filter 44 generates impedance for noise components (common mode noise) flowing the positive side line and the negative side line in the same direction in order to reduce the noise from flowing to the outside and the filter can be implemented by arranging a ring-shaped core member made of a material such as ferrite and amorphous through the positive and negative side lines while the center of the core member is directed so that the current directions of these lines are opposite to each other.
the core member may be turned multiple times in the positive and negative side lines in the same direction.
the noise filter 44 is preferably provided preceding and near the primary side capacitor 43 .
noise filter 44 provided in this way, a power storage system with less external noise flow can be provided.
a circuit (not shown) having two capacitors with a good high frequency characteristic connected in series may be connected to the primary side capacitor 43 in parallel, and the mid point in the series-connection may be grounded to the case, so that common mode noise flow can be reduced. If the arrangement is used together with the noise filter 44 , the common mode noise can be reduced even more effectively.
the noise filter 44 may function as impedance to common mode noise current generated by the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ) (that will be described) connected in parallel in the succeeding stage of the primary side capacitor 43 , and therefore the common mode noise current flows into the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) through the voltage detector 42 whose impedance is relatively reduced, which could give rise to errors in the operation of the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
the voltage detector 42 connected in the preceding stage of the noise filter 44 allows the common mode noise current generated from the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) to flow into the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) through the voltage detector 42 and erroneous operation can be prevented.
FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment of the invention.
the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ) includes a converter circuit 51 a and a converter control unit 52 a , an operation command S 3 is input from the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) to the converter control unit 51 a , and a status signal F 3 is output from the converter control unit 52 a to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
FIG. 10 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the converter circuit 51 a.
the circuit includes a bidirectional buck-boost converter circuit including four switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 and a coupling reactor 51 a 5 .
the circuit is capable of controlling power flow in the two directions regardless of which is greater between the primary side voltage (at the left side terminal in the figure) and the secondary side voltage (at the right side terminal in the figure) in the converter circuit.
voltage at the power storage unit 110 can be set to a higher level than the voltage of the DC power supply 1 a , and current in the circuits in and after the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ) can be reduced accordingly, which allows the components to be reduced in size, so that a compact and lightweight power storage system can be obtained.
the converter control unit 52 a is provided with an operation command S 3 from the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and the command includes the operation, stopping, or control mode of the DC-DC converter, and command values (target values) for power to be passed between the primary side and the secondary side, coupling reactor current ILP (or ILN), converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N), converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N), primary side capacitor voltage V 2 , and secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 .
the status signal F 3 of the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) is input from the converter control unit 52 a to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
the status signal F 3 includes the voltage, current, and temperature of the elements, the on/off states and the failure state of the switching elements in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ).
the converter control unit 52 a carries out PWM control to the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 of the converter circuit 51 a in response to the operation command S 3 .
FIG. 11 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment of the invention.
a primary side diode 46 a is connected to a line led from the positive side of the succeeding stage of the primary side filter unit 40 ( 1 ), and a secondary side diode 46 b is connected to a line led from the positive side of the preceding stage of the secondary side filter unit 60 ( 1 ).
the cathode sides of the diodes are butted against each other and the positive side of a circuit having a discharge element 46 c and a discharging resistor 46 e connected in series is connected to the butt point, while its negative side is connected to the negative side line.
the on/off state of the discharge element 46 c is controlled by a discharge element driving circuit 46 d .
the discharge element driving circuit 46 d is provided with a discharge command S 4 including an on/off command for the discharge element 46 c from the system control unit 120 ( 1 ), and a status signal F 4 including the operation state of the discharge element 46 c is input from the discharge element driving circuit 46 d to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
the primary side diode 46 a and the secondary side diode 46 b are butted against each other, so that the primary and secondary side capacitors 43 and 63 can be discharged by the one discharge element 46 c , so that a compact and lightweight discharge circuit unit can be provided.
FIG. 12 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the secondary filter unit 60 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment of the invention.
a noise filter 64 is connected in the succeeding stage of the secondary side capacitor 63 , and a voltage detector 62 that detects the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 is provided in the succeeding stage.
the signal V 3 detected by the voltage detector 62 is output to the system control unit 120 .
a reactor 61 is connected in the succeeding stage of the voltage detector 62 .
the configuration of the noise filter 64 is the same as that of the noise filter 44 and therefore the description will not be provided.
the noise filter 64 is preferably provided succeeding and near the secondary side capacitor 63 .
a circuit (not shown) having two capacitors with a good high frequency characteristic connected in series may be connected to the secondary side capacitor 63 , and the mid point in the series-connection may be grounded to the case, so that common mode noise flow can be reduced. If the arrangement is used together with the noise filter 64 , the common mode noise can be reduced even more effectively.
the reactor 61 is provided to reduce ripple current generated at the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ).
the noise filter 64 serves as impedance to common mode noise current generated from the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ) connected in parallel to the capacitor 63 , so that the common mode noise current is allowed to flow into the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) through the voltage detector 62 whose impedance is relatively reduced, which could give rise to errors in the operation of the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
the voltage detector 62 connected in the succeeding stage of the noise filter 64 allows the common mode noise current generated from the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) to flow into the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) through the voltage detector 62 and erroneous operation can be prevented.
FIG. 13 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the secondary side switch unit 70 ( 1 ) according to the first embodiment of the invention.
the primary side switch unit 70 ( 1 ) includes a switch 71 a arranged in series with the positive side, a series-circuit having a switch 71 b and a charging resistor 72 connected in parallel thereto, and a switch 71 c arranged in series with the negative side.
Switches 71 a to 71 c are provided with closing signals S 5 to S 7 from the system control unit 120 ( 1 ), and auxiliary contact signals F 5 to F 7 indicating the operation of the switches 71 a to 71 c are input from these switches to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
the internal configuration of the switches 71 a to 71 c are the same as that shown in FIG. 7 and therefore the description will not be provided.
switches 71 a to 71 c are mechanical switches, but the switches may be other kinds of switches such as semiconductor type contactless switches as long as the opening and closing and the operation confirmation of the circuit can be carried out using them.
FIG. 14 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the secondary side voltage detecting unit 80 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
the secondary side voltage detecting unit 80 is made of a voltage detector 81 that detects secondary side voltage V 4 .
the detected signal V 4 is output to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
FIG. 15 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the secondary side current detecting unit 90 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
the unit includes a current detector that detects positive side secondary current I 3 , a current detector 92 that detects the differential current I 4 between the positive side and the negative side, and a current detector that detects negative side secondary side current I 5 .
These current detectors each operate by converting a flux generated by current passing through each current detector into a current value.
the current detector 92 is used to detect leakage current caused by circuit insulation degradation, details of which are the same as those of the current detector 12 and therefore the description will not be provided.
the secondary side current detecting unit 90 may be provided immediately before the protective unit 100 (succeeding the secondary side voltage detecting unit 80 ), so that differential current in the immediate vicinity of the power storage unit 110 can be detected. Therefore, the differential current can be detected upstream of the circuit in view of the power storage unit 110 , and the range of the circuit that can be detected for leakage current caused by voltage from the power storage unit 110 can be maximized.
the secondary side positive side current I 3 , the secondary side differential current I 4 , and the secondary side negative side current I 5 detected by the current detectors 91 to 93 are output to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
FIG. 16 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the protective unit 100 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
the unit includes a positive side fuse 101 a and a negative side fuse 101 b , and opens the circuit by blowing in response to passage of excess current therethrough.
the fuses have auxiliary contacts 102 a and 102 b for detecting fuse blowing as the contacts are closed by blowing.
Auxiliary contact signals F 8 and F 9 indicating the states of the auxiliary contacts 102 a and 102 b are output to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
blowing may be detected when the fuses 101 a and 101 b are blown to open the contacts, and the auxiliary contacts may be detecting circuits made of an electronic circuit rather than the mechanical contacts.
a switch capable of automatically breaking the circuit in response to excess current without an externally applied command may be employed instead of the fuses.
the circuit can be interrupted if the negative side line preceding the fuse 101 b and the contacts of cells 111 in the power storage unit 110 short circuit, so that a power storage system with a higher protective function can be obtained.
FIG. 17 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the power storage unit 110 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
a plurality of cells 111 each made of an electric double-layer capacitor or a secondary battery are provided in a series-parallel arrangement, so that necessary voltage and capacitance can be provided between the terminals of the power storage unit.
Various kinds of information such as the voltage, the current, the amount of stored power, the temperature, and the pressure of the cells 111 or the elements of the power storage unit 110 are collected by a power storage unit monitor 112 and output to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) as a status signal F 10 .
primary side activation there may be two methods of activating the power storage system, one is to charge the primary side capacitor 43 or the secondary side capacitor 63 from the DC power supply 1 a to activate and operate the system (which will hereinafter be referred to as “primary side activation”), and the other is to charge the primary side capacitor 43 or the secondary side capacitor 63 using energy stored in the power storage unit 110 to activate and operate the system (which will hereinafter be referred to as “secondary side activation”).
the system control unit 120 recognizes that the switch 8 a has normally been turned on.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines the normal turning on of the switch 8 a . If the state in which the primary side voltage V 1 detected by the voltage detector 21 is at a prescribed value or more continues for a certain period after the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines the normal turning on of the switch 8 a , the system control unit outputs a closing command S 2 , so that the coil 31 a 3 of the switch 31 b is excited and the main contact 31 a 1 is closed accordingly. In this way, the primary side capacitor 43 is charged through the charging resistor 32 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines the normal turning on of the switch 31 b if the state in which the closing command S 2 is on, the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 of the switch 31 b is surely closed, and the auxiliary contact signal F 2 is on continues for a certain period. Then, after a prescribed period or if the difference between the primary side voltage V 1 and the secondary side capacitor voltage V 2 is equal to or lower than a prescribed value and then a prescribed period elapses, the system control unit determines that the charging of the primary side capacitor 43 is complete, and outputs a closing command S 1 . In this way, the coil 31 a 3 of the switch 31 a is excited and the main contact 31 a 1 is closed accordingly.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) recognizes that the switch 31 a has normally been turned on if the state in which the auxiliary contact 21 a 2 of the switch 31 a is surely closed and the auxiliary contact signal F 1 is on continues for a certain period.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) Upon recognizing the normal closing of the switch 31 a , the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) outputs an operation command S 3 to the converter control unit 52 a .
the command S 3 includes an command to have the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) operated in an initial charging mode in order to charge the secondary side capacitor 63 , the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 , and the secondary side voltage V 4 .
the converter control unit 52 a controls the converter circuit 51 a so that the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 equals the secondary side voltage V 4 , and necessary power is passed from the primary side to the secondary side of the converter to charge the secondary side capacitor 63 .
the secondary side capacitor 63 is charged while the converter control unit 52 a controls the current in the converter circuit 51 a so that the current passed from the primary side to the secondary side is restricted to a prescribed value.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines that the charging of the secondary side capacitor 63 is complete if the difference between the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 and the secondary side voltage V 4 is equal to or lower than the prescribed value, and then a prescribed period has been elapsed.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) Upon determining that the charging of the secondary side capacitor 63 is complete, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) turns on closing commands S 5 and S 7 that turn on the switches 71 a and 71 c . This drives the power coils 31 a 3 of the switches 71 a and 71 c , and the main contact 31 a 1 is closed accordingly. In this way, the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 liked to the main contact 31 a 1 is closed, and auxiliary contact signals F 5 and F 7 indicating the state of the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 are output to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) recognizes that the turning on of the switches 71 a and 71 c is complete if the state in which the closing commands S 5 and S 7 are on, the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 of the switches 71 a and 71 c are surely closed and the auxiliary contact signals F 5 and F 7 are on continues for a certain period.
switches 71 a and 71 c may be turned on either simultaneously or sequentially. When they are sequentially turned on, the peak power necessary for turning them on may be reduced, and only the switch to be turned on last may serve as a switch capable of opening and closing current.
a switch capable of opening and closing current is generally large in size, while the number of such switches may be reduced and therefore a compact and lightweight power storage system can be obtained.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) Upon determining that the switches 71 a and 71 c has normally been turned on, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) outputs an operation command S 3 to have the converter control unit 52 a operated while keeping the current ILP (or the negative side current ILN) of the coupling reactor 51 a 5 at zero.
the converter control unit 52 a controls the converter circuit 51 a so that the current IL (or the negative side current ILN) of the coupling reactor 51 a 5 is at zero.
the converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N) may be controlled to be zero
the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N) may be controlled to be zero
the primary side current I 1 detected by the current detector 11 or the secondary side positive side current I 3 detected by the current detector 91 may be controlled to be zero
the secondary side negative side current I 5 as the detection value of the current detector 93 may be zero instead of the current detector 91 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines that the converter control unit 52 a is normal if the state in which the detection value of the current to be controlled is a prescribed value or less continues for a certain period.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) After determining that the converter control unit 52 a is normal, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) inputs an operation command S 3 including a current command I* or a power command P* to the converter control unit 52 a.
the converter control unit 52 a controls so that its current or the power between the primary side and the secondary side matches the command.
the current to be controlled is one of the current ILP (or the negative side current ILN) of the coupling reactor 51 a 5 , the converter primary side current I 1 P (or the negative side current I 1 N), and the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N).
An operation command S 3 including a voltage command V* may be input to the converter control unit 52 a from the system control unit 120 ( 1 ), and in this case the converter control unit 52 a controls the converter circuit 51 a so that a designated one of the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 and the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 matches the voltage command V*.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) Upon receiving an externally input operation command C 1 including a stopping command, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) inputs an operation command S 3 to the converter control unit 52 a to gradually reduce the converter current to zero.
the converter control unit 52 a controls the converter circuit 51 a to gradually reduce the current, eventually to zero.
the time required for reducing the current to zero can arbitrarily be set.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) inputs an operation command S 3 to stop the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), and the converter control unit 52 a turns off the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 and outputs the state as a status signal F 3 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines that the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) has normally been stopped based on the status signal F 3 .
the current to be controlled is one of the current ILP (or ILN) of the coupling reactor 51 a 5 , the converter primary side current I 1 P (or the negative side current I 1 N), and the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N).
the current is reduced to zero and then the switching elements 51 a 1 to 52 a 4 are turned off, so that the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 or the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 can be prevented from abruptly changing and excess voltage or the like can be prevented.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) Upon confirming that the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) has normally been stopped, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) turns off the closing commands S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 in order to open the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) confirms auxiliary contact signals F 0 to F 2 and F 5 to F 7 indicating the states of the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 in the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , and determines that the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c have normally been opened upon confirming that the switches are off.
the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c are opened based on the confirmation of the stopped state of the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), so that the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c can be opened with no current application, which prevents electrical wear of the main contacts in the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) confirms a status signal F 10 from the power storage unit monitor 112 in the power storage unit 110 and turns on closing commands S 6 and S 7 for the switches 71 b and 71 c provided that there is no abnormality and the state in which the secondary side voltage V 4 detected by the voltage detector 81 is at a prescribed value or more continues for a certain period. In this way, the closing coils 31 a 3 of the switches 71 b and 71 c are driven, and the main contacts 31 a 1 are closed. This causes the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 linked with the main contacts 31 a 1 to be closed, and auxiliary contact signals F 6 and F 7 indicating the states of the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 are output to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) recognizes the normal turning on of the switches 71 b and 71 c if the state in which the closing commands S 6 and S 7 are on, the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 of the switches 71 b and 71 c are surely closed and the auxiliary contact signals F 6 and F 7 are on continues for a certain period.
switches 71 b and 71 c may be turned on either simultaneously or sequentially. When they are sequentially turned on, the peak power necessary for turning them on can be reduced, and therefore a control power supply with only a small peak withstand voltage may be employed, so that a compact and lightweight power storage system can be obtained.
the switches 71 b and 71 c are turned on, so that the secondary side capacitor 63 is charged through the charging resistor 72 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) recognizes that the switches 71 b and 71 c have normally been turned on, then determines that the secondary side capacitor 63 has been charged and outputs an closing command S 5 if the state continues for a certain period or if the difference between the secondary side voltage V 4 and the secondary side capacitor V 3 is a prescribed value or less and then a prescribed period elapses. In this way, the coil 31 a 3 of the switch 71 a is excited and the main contact 31 a 1 is closed accordingly.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) recognizes that the switch 71 a has normally been turned on if the state in which the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 of the switch 71 a is surely closed and the auxiliary contact signal F 5 is on continues for a certain period.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) Upon confirming that the switch 71 a has normally been turned on, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) outputs an operation command S 3 to the converter control unit 52 a .
the command S 3 includes a command to have the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) operated in an initial charging mode in order to charge the primary side capacitor 43 , the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 , and the primary side voltage V 1 .
the converter control unit 52 a Upon receiving the operation command S 3 , the converter control unit 52 a has the converter circuit 51 a operated so that necessary power is passed from the secondary side to the primary side and the primary side capacitor 43 is charged.
the primary side capacitor 43 is charged while the converter control unit 52 a controls current in the converter circuit 51 a so that the current passed from the secondary side to the primary side is restricted to a prescribed value.
the converter control unit 52 a controls the converter circuit 51 a so that the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 is equal to the primary side voltage V 1 or the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 is equal to a predetermined value.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines the charging of the primary side capacitor 43 is complete if the difference between the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 and the primary side voltage V 1 is a prescribed value or less and then a prescribed period elapses or if the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 reaches the predetermined prescribed value.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) Upon determining that the charging of the primary side capacitor 43 is complete, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) turns on the closing command S 1 to turn on the switch 31 a . This drives the closing coil 31 a 3 of the switch 31 a and the main contact 31 a 1 is closed. Then, the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 linked with the main contact 31 a 1 is closed, so that the auxiliary contact signal F 1 indicating the state of the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 is output to the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) recognizes the normal turning on of the switch 31 a if the state in which the closing command S 1 is on, the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 of the switch 31 a is surely closed and the auxiliary contact signal F 1 is on continues for a certain period.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) recognizes the normal turning on of the switch 31 a , then outputs a closing command S 0 for the switch 8 a , excites the coil 31 a 3 of the switch 8 a , and closes the main contact 31 a 1 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) recognizes the normal turning on of the switch 8 a if the state in which the closing command S 0 is on and the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 of the switch 8 a is surely closed to turn on the auxiliary contact signal F 0 continues for a certain period.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) Upon determining that the switch 8 a has normally been turned on, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) outputs an operation command S 3 to have the converter control unit 52 a operated so that the current ILP (or the negative side current ILN) of the coupling reactor 51 a 5 is at zero.
the converter control unit 52 a has the converter circuit 51 a operated so that the current ILP (or the negative side current ILN) of the coupling reactor 51 a 5 is at zero.
control can be carried out so that the converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N) becomes zero, the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N) becomes zero, or the primary side current I 1 detected by the current detector 11 or the secondary side positive side current I 3 detected by the current detector 91 becomes zero.
the secondary side negative side current I 5 as the detection value of the current detector 93 may become zero instead of the secondary side positive side current I 3 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines that the converter control unit 52 a is normal if the state in which the detection value for the current to be controlled is a prescribed value or less for a prescribed period.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) Upon determining that the converter control unit 52 a is normal, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) inputs an operation command S 3 including a current command I* or a power command P* to the converter control unit 52 a.
the converter control unit 52 a controls its current or the power between the primary side and the secondary side to mach the command.
the current to be controlled is one of the current ILP (or the negative side current ILN) of the coupling reactor 51 a 5 , the converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N), and the converter secondary current I 2 P (or I 2 N).
An operation command S 3 including a voltage command V* may be input to the converter control unit 52 a from the system control unit 120 ( 1 ), and the converter control unit 52 a controls the converter circuit 51 a so that a designated one of the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 and the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 matches the voltage command V*.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) inputs an operation command S 3 to the converter control unit 52 a so that the converter current is gradually reduced to zero if an externally applied operation command C 1 including a stopping command is input.
the converter control unit 52 a controls the converter circuit 51 a to gradually reduce the current, eventually to zero.
the time necessary for reducing the current to zero can arbitrarily be set. If the state in which the current is at a prescribed value or less continues for a certain period, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) inputs an operation command S 3 to stop the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), and the converter control unit 52 a turns off the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 and outputs the state as a status signal F 3 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) confirms that the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) has normally been stopped based on the status signal F 3 .
the current to be controlled is one of the current ILP (or the negative side current ILN) of the coupling reactor 51 a 5 , the converter primary side current IlP (or I 1 N), and the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N).
the current is reduced to zero and then the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 are turned off, so that the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 or the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 can be prevented from abruptly changing and excess voltage or the like can be prevented.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) Upon determining that the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) has normally been stopped, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) turns off the closing commands S 0 to S 2 and S 5 to S 7 to have the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c opened.
the system control unit 120 determines that the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c have normally been opened.
the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c are opened after it is confirmed that the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) is stopped, so that the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c can be opened with no current application, and therefore electrical wear of the main contacts of these switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c can be prevented.
the switch 71 b of the secondary side switch unit 70 ( 1 ) and the charging resistor 72 are not necessary and may be removed.
the switch 31 b of the secondary side switch unit 30 ( 1 ) and the charging resistor 32 are not necessary and may be removed.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines that there is increase in leakage current caused by insulation degradation somewhere in the circuit, turns off the closing signals S 0 to S 2 and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , turns off the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 of the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), and inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) so that the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 are discharged.
the above-described operation allows the increase in leakage current to be detected and the power storage system to be quickly stopped, so that further damages can be prevented.
such prescribed values may be provided in a plurality of stages, and if the differential current is sufficiently insignificant, the value may be recorded by a storage device (not shown) or indicated by an indicator lamp (not shown) in the system control unit, the device, the driver's seat or the like for encouraging checking without stopping the power storage system.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines that the switch 8 a has an abnormality if the state continues for a certain period in which the main contact 31 a 1 is not closed for a failure in the closing coil 31 a 3 of the switch 8 a or the like though the closing command S 0 for the switch 8 a is on, the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 is not closed accordingly, and the auxiliary contact signal F 0 is not turned on or if the state continues for a certain period in which the closing command S 0 is off while the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 is on and the auxiliary contact signal F 0 is on.
abnormalities are detected for the switches 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c by the same method. If an abnormality is detected in any of the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) turns off the closing commands S 0 to S 2 and S 5 to S 7 for all the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , turns off the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 of the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), and inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ), so that the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 are discharged.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines that charging cannot be completed because of an abnormality such as a ground fault in the primary side capacitor 43 if the difference between the primary side voltage V 1 and the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 is a prescribed value or higher after a prescribed period or if the primary side current I 1 is passed in an amount equal to or higher than a prescribed value. Then, the system turns off the closing command S 0 to S 2 for the switches 8 a , 31 a , and 31 b that have been turned on by the time, and inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) to discharge the primary side capacitor 43 .
an abnormality such as a ground fault in the primary side capacitor 43 if the difference between the primary side voltage V 1 and the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 is a prescribed value or higher after a prescribed period or if the primary side current I 1 is passed in an amount equal to or higher than a prescribed value.
an abnormality in the charging circuit for the primary side capacitor 43 can be detected, so that the power storage system can quickly be stopped, and further damages can be prevented.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines that there is an abnormality in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) or in the periphery of the secondary side capacitor 63 in step 3A-1 described above in the primary side activation if the charging of the secondary side capacitor 63 is not complete within a prescribed period or a status signal F 3 indicating a failure in the converter is received from the converter control unit 52 a .
the system control unit then turns off the closing commands S 0 to S 2 for the switches 8 a , 31 a and 31 b that have been turned on by the time, stops the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 of the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines that charging cannot be completed because of an abnormality in the secondary side capacitor 63 or the like if the difference between the secondary side voltage V 4 and the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 is a prescribed value or higher or if the secondary side positive side current I 3 and the secondary side negative side current I 4 are passed in an amount equal to or higher than a prescribed value.
the system control unit then turns off the closing commands S 6 to S 7 for the switches 71 b and 71 c that have been turned on by then, inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) and discharges the secondary side capacitor 63 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) determines that there is an abnormality in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) or in the periphery of the primary side capacitor 43 if charging to the primary side capacitor 43 is not complete within a prescribed period or if a status signal F 3 indicating a failure in the converter is received from the converter control unit 52 a in step 2B-1 in the secondary side activation.
the system control unit then turns off the closing commands S 6 and S 7 for the switches 71 b and 71 c that have been turned on by then, stops the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) stops the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), turns off the closing commands S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) stops the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 of the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), turns off closing commands S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 .
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) turns off the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) if current at the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 of the converter circuit 51 a is at a prescribed value or higher.
the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 may be turned off if the current ILP or the negative side current ILN of the coupling reactor 51 a 5 is at a prescribed value or higher instead of the current at the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 .
the capacitors are not discharged, and only the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 are turned off because excess current in the DC-DC converter could be generated temporarily by disturbance caused by abrupt change in the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 or the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 and the phenomenon is not directly attributable to an abnormality in the DC-DC converter itself. There is little possibility for the DC-DC converter to be damaged.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) turns off the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 if the surface temperature of the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 in the converter circuit 51 a or the temperature of a cooling fin (not shown) to which the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 are attached is a set temperature or higher.
the capacitors are not discharged and only the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 are turned off because a temperature rise in the DC-DC converter could be caused by temporary overload and the phenomenon is not directly attributable to an abnormality in the DC-DC converter itself. There is little possibility for the DC-DC converter to be damaged.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) recognizes the state based on a status signal F 3 , then stops the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), turns off the closing commands S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 .
the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 may independently turn off without a turn-off command from the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) or the converter control unit 52 a .
a switching element having such a function has been commercially available and referred to as an intelligent power module. In this way, the switching-off may be carried out more quickly without a lag from the moment of abnormality detection, which improves the protective performance.
the above-described abnormality refers to cases where the current passed to the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 is excessive with a sharp rising, where the temperature in the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 is at a prescribed value or higher, and where the voltage of the on/off signals for the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 is likely to be unstable. These phenomena could give rise to damages to the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 .
the switch 8 a opens by itself because of excess current, it is possible that the excess current has been passed because of a short circuit or a ground fault, and therefore the above-described operation allows the power storage system to be quickly stopped, so that further damages can be prevented.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) detects states, stops the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), turns off the closing commands S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 .
the fuses 101 a and 101 b are blown by passage of excess current caused by a short circuit or a ground fault, and therefore the above-described operation allows the power storage system to be quickly stopped, so that further damages can be prevented.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) turns off the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 if a status signal F 10 indicating a temperature abnormality, overcharge, or overdischarge is input from the power storage unit monitor 112 .
the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 start to operate when F 10 no longer indicates the temperature abnormality.
the power storage unit 110 may have an unrecoverable abnormality, and therefore the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) stops the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), turn off the closing commands S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 .
the occurrence of the abnormality is preferably recorded by the system control unit or indicated by an indicator lamp (not shown), an indicator monitor (not shown) or the like provided at the device, the driver's seat or the like.
abnormality detection 1-1 the differential current abnormality detection
abnormality detection 2-1 the switch abnormality detection
abnormality detection 3-1 the primary side capacitor charging abnormality detection in the primary side activation
abnormality detection 4-1 the secondary side capacitor charging abnormality detection in the primary side activation
abnormality activation 5-1 the secondary side capacitor charging abnormality detection in the secondary side activation
abnormality detection 6-1 the primary side capacitor charging abnormality detection in the secondary side activation
abnormality detection 11-1 the switching element abnormality detection
abnormality detection 12-1 the primary side excess current detection
abnormality detection 13-1 the secondary side excess current detection
abnormality detection 14-1 the power storage unit abnormality detection
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) prohibits the activation of the power storage system as soon as it detects any of these abnormalities.
the activation prohibition does not end unless there is a manual operation such as pressing a reset button provided at the driver's platform or the system control unit.
abnormality detection 7-1 the primary side capacitor excess voltage detection
abnormality detection 8-1 the secondary side capacitor excess voltage detection
abnormality detection 9-1 the DC-DC converter excess current detection
abnormality detection 10-1 the DC-DC converter temperature abnormality detection
the activation prohibition does not end unless there is a manual operation such as pressing a reset button provided at the driver's platform or the system control unit.
the power storage system can be prevented from being excessively stopped by temporary abnormalities caused by disturbance, while further damages to the affected parts that could otherwise be caused by careless re-activation can be prevented.
system control unit 120 ( 1 ) carries out the following operation if the voltage of the control power supply is lower than a prescribed value.
a discharge command S 4 is input to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) and the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 are discharged.
the closing commands S 0 to S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 are turned off in order to open the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c at the same time.
the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 could be damaged if the voltage of a gate signal that controls their on/off states is dropped, and in order to avoid the damage, the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) quickly stops switching when the control power supply is turned off, and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 , so that voltage is not applied across the switching elements.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and the discharge element driving circuit 46 d each have a power supply backup circuit (not shown) having a power storage element such as an electrolytic capacitor used to maintain the control power supply voltage after the control power supply is turned off and keeps the discharge element 46 c in an on state until the discharge is complete (normally about for three seconds).
a power storage element such as an electrolytic capacitor used to maintain the control power supply voltage after the control power supply is turned off and keeps the discharge element 46 c in an on state until the discharge is complete (normally about for three seconds).
the switching elements as well as the power storage system can be prevented from being damaged.
a power storage system most appropriately applied to a traction system can be provided.
the system allows optimum activation, operation, stopping, an abnormality detection method, and an operation method upon abnormality detection that are important and necessary in using the power storage system.
the DC power supply is provided at the vehicle side through the pantograph, and the description concerns the case in which the power storage system is provided in the vehicle, while the power storage system may be provided between stations at the ground level or at an electric power substation (not shown).
FIG. 18 is a diagram of the configuration of a power storage system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
the second embodiment is a modification of the example of the first embodiment, therefore the same elements as those according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference characters and will not be described, and only the different elements will be described.
a DC power supply 1 ( 2 ) is provided instead of the DC power supply 1 ( 1 ) and input to a power storage system 200 ( 2 ).
the power storage system 200 ( 2 ) is provided with a primary side filter unit 40 ( 2 ) instead of the primary side filter 40 ( 1 ).
FIG. 19 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the DC power supply 1 ( 2 ) according to the second embodiment of the invention.
the DC power supply 1 ( 2 ) is voltage between both terminals of a capacitor 1 f in a circuit including a power substation 1 a , an overhead contact line 1 b , a pantograph 1 c , a rail 1 i , a switch 1 d having a current breaking function, a reactor 1 e , the capacitor 1 f , and a drive controller 1 j including an inverter 1 g that drives an electric generator or a load 1 h.
FIG. 20 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the primary side filter 40 ( 2 ) according to the second embodiment of the invention.
the reactor 41 is removed, a noise filter 44 is connected in the succeeding stage of the voltage detector 42 that detects the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 , and the primary side capacitor 43 is provided in the succeeding stage of the noise filter 44 .
the reactor 1 e in the drive controller 1 j can be shared, so that the reactor 41 used according to the first embodiment can be omitted and therefore a compact and lightweight power storage system can be obtained.
breaking unit 8 is omitted and the switch 1 d in the drive controller 1 j is made to serve the function, an even more compact and lightweight power storage system can be obtained.
FIG. 21 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a power storage system according to a third embodiment of the invention.
the third embodiment is a modification of the example of the first embodiment, therefore the same elements as those according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference characters and will not be described, and only the different elements will be described.
a power storage system 200 ( 3 ) includes a discharge circuit unit 45 ( 2 ) instead of the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ) and a system control unit 120 ( 3 ) instead of the system control unit 120 ( 1 ).
the system control unit 120 ( 3 ) outputs a primary side discharge command S 41 and a secondary side discharge command S 42 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 2 ) and is provided with status signals F 41 and F 42 from the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 2 ).
FIG. 22 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 2 ) according to the third embodiment of the invention.
the positive side of a circuit having a series connection of a discharge element 46 c 1 and a discharging resistor 46 e 1 is connected with a line led from the positive side of the succeeding stage of the primary side filter unit 40 ( 1 ), and the negative side is connected to the negative side line.
the positive side of a circuit having a series-connection of a discharge element 46 c 2 and a discharging resistor 46 e 2 is connected with a line led from the positive side of the preceding stage of the secondary side filter unit 60 ( 1 ), and the negative side is connected to the negative side line.
the on/off state of the discharge element 46 c 1 or 46 c 2 is controlled by a discharge element driving circuit 46 d 1 or 46 d 2 .
the discharge element driving circuit 46 d 1 or 46 d 2 is provided with a primary side discharge command S 41 or a secondary side discharge command S 42 including an on/off command for the discharge element 46 c 1 or 46 c 2 from the system control unit 120 ( 3 ), and a status signal F 41 or F 42 including the operation state of the discharge element 46 c 1 or 46 c 2 is input to the system control unit 120 ( 2 ).
abnormality detection 7-3 and abnormality detection 8-3 are carried out unlike the content of the first embodiment in which abnormality detection 7-1 and abnormality detection 8-1 are carried out.
the system control unit 120 stops the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), turns off closing commands S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , inputs a primary side discharge command S 41 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 2 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 .
the secondary side capacitor 63 is not discharged, and therefore unnecessary discharge operation can be saved.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) stops the switching elements 51 a 1 to 51 a 4 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 3 ), turns off the closing commands S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c and inputs a secondary side discharge command S 42 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 2 ) and discharges the secondary side capacitor 63 .
the primary side capacitor 43 is not discharged, and therefore unnecessary discharge operation can be saved.
the primary side capacitor 43 and the secondary side capacitor 63 can separately be discharged as desired, which saves unnecessary discharge operation, and therefore an efficient power storage system can be provided.
FIG. 23 is a diagram of an example of the configuration a power storage system according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
the fourth embodiment is a modification of the example of the first embodiment. Therefore, the same elements as those of the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference characters and their description will not be provided, while only the different elements will be described.
a power storage system 200 ( 4 ) includes a primary side switch unit 30 ( 2 ) and a system control unit 120 ( 4 ) instead of the primary side switch part 30 ( 1 ) and the system control unit 120 ( 1 ), respectively.
FIG. 24 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the primary side switch unit 30 ( 2 ) according to the fourth embodiment of the invention.
the primary side switch unit 30 ( 2 ) includes a switch 31 a and a switch 31 b arranged in series with the positive side and a charging resistor 32 connected in parallel to the switch 31 b .
the switches 31 a and 31 b are provided with closing signals S 1 and S 2 , respectively.
Auxiliary contact signals F 1 and F 2 are input to the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) from the switches 31 a and 31 b , respectively.
step is the same as step 1A-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) is substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and therefore the description will not be provided.
the system control unit 120 After recognizing the normal turning on of the switch 8 a , the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) outputs a closing command S 1 , excites the coil 31 a 3 of the switch 31 a and closes the main contact 31 a 1 if the state in which the primary side voltage V 1 detected by the voltage detector 21 is at a prescribed value or higher continues for a certain period. In this way, the primary side capacitor 43 is charged through the charging resistor 32 .
the system control unit 120 determines that the switch 31 a has normally been turned on. Then, after a prescribed period or if the difference between the primary side voltage V 1 and the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 becomes a prescribed value or less and the state continues for a certain period, the system control unit determines that the charging of the primary side capacitor 43 is complete and outputs a closing command S 2 . This excites the coil 31 a 3 of the switch 31 b , and the main contact 31 a 1 is closed.
the system control unit 120 determines that the switch 31 b has normally been turned on.
the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) Upon recognizing the normal turning on of the switch 31 b , the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) outputs an operation command S 3 to the converter control unit 52 a .
S 3 is a signal including a command to have the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ) operated so that the secondary side capacitor 63 is charged in an initial charging mode, the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 , and the secondary side voltage V 4 .
the converter control unit 52 a controls the converter circuit 51 a so that the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 becomes equal to the secondary side voltage V 4 and passes necessary power from the primary side to the secondary side to charge the secondary side capacitor 63 .
the converter control unit 52 a is capable of charging the secondary side capacitor 63 while controlling the current of the converter circuit 51 a so that the current passed from the primary side to the secondary side is restricted to a prescribed value in order to prevent the secondary side capacitor 63 from being damaged by abrupt charging.
the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) determines that the charging of the secondary side capacitor 63 is complete if the difference between the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 and the secondary side voltage V 4 is a prescribed value or less and then a prescribed period elapses.
steps 4A-1 to 8A-1 are the same as steps 4A-1 to 8A-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) is substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and therefore the description will not be provided.
steps 1B-1 to 2B-1 are the same as steps 1B-1 to 2B-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) is substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and therefore the description will not be provided.
the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) Upon determining that the charging of the primary side capacitor 43 is complete, the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) turns on the closing commands S 1 and S 2 to turn on the switches 31 a and 31 b . In this way, the closing coils 31 a 3 of the switches 31 a and 31 b are driven, and the main contacts 31 a 1 are closed. In this way, the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 linked with the main contacts 31 a 1 are closed, and the auxiliary contact signals F 1 and F 2 representing the states of the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 are output to the system control unit 120 ( 4 ).
the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) recognizes the normal turning on of the switches 31 a and 31 c if the state in which the closing commands S 1 and S 2 are on and the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 of the switches 31 a are surely closed to turn on the auxiliary contact signals F 1 and F 2 continues for a certain duration.
the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) determines the normal turning on of the switches 31 a and 31 b , then outputs a closing command S 0 for the switch 8 a , excites the coil 31 a 3 of the switch 8 a and closes the main contact 31 a 1 .
the system control unit 120 recognizes the normal turning on of the switch 8 a.
steps 5B-1 to 8B-1 The steps are the same as steps 5B-1 to 8B-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) is substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and therefore the description will not be provided.
a method of detecting abnormalities and operation to be carried out when an abnormality is detected are described by the content of the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 4 ) is substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and therefore the description will not be provided.
the switches 31 a and 31 b are arranged in series and therefore if for example the switch 31 b cannot be opened because of a failure, the circuit can be opened using the switch 31 a , so that a power storage system that allows the primary side circuit to be more surely opened can be provided.
FIG. 25 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a power storage system according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
the fifth embodiment is a modification of the example of the first embodiment, therefore the same elements as those according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference characters and will not be described, and only the different elements will be described.
a power storage system 200 ( 5 ) includes a secondary side switch unit 70 ( 2 ) and a system control unit 120 ( 5 ) instead of the secondary side switch unit 70 ( 1 ) and the system control unit 120 ( 1 ), respectively.
FIG. 26 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the secondary side switch unit 70 ( 2 ) according to the fifth embodiment of the invention.
the secondary side switch unit 70 ( 2 ) includes switches 71 a and 71 b arranged in series with the positive side, a charging resistor 72 connected in parallel to the switch 71 b , and a switch 71 c arranged in series with the negative side.
the switches 71 a to 71 c are provided with closing signals S 5 to S 7 , respectively from the system control unit 120 ( 5 ), and auxiliary contact signals F 5 to S 7 are input to the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) from the switches 71 a to 71 c , respectively.
the internal structure of the switches 71 a to 71 c is the same as that shown in FIG. 7 and therefore the description will not be provided.
the switches 71 a to 71 c are mechanical switches, but they may be other kinds of switches such as semiconductor type contactless switches as long as the closing/opening and the operation confirmation of the circuit can be carried out.
steps 1A-1 to 3A-1 are the same as steps 1A-1 to 3A-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) is substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and therefore the description will not be provided.
the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) Upon determining that the secondary side capacitor 63 has normally been charged, the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) turns on the closing commands S 5 to S 7 that turn on the switches 71 a to 71 c . In this way, the closing coils 31 a 3 of the switches 71 a to 71 c are driven, and the main contacts 31 a 1 are closed. In this way, auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 linked with the main contacts 31 a 1 are closed, and auxiliary contact signals F 5 to F 7 indicating the states of the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 are output to the system control unit 120 ( 5 ).
the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) recognizes the normal turning on of the switches 71 a to 71 c if the state in which the closing commands S 5 to S 7 are on, the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 of the switches 71 a to 71 c are surely closed and the auxiliary contact signals F 5 to F 7 are on continues for a certain period.
switches 71 a to 71 c may be turned on simultaneously or sequentially.
the sequential turning on allows the peak power necessary for turning them on to be reduced, and the switch last turned on can be only the switch capable of opening and closing current.
a switch capable of opening and closing current is large in size.
the system control unit 120 Upon determining that the turning on of the switches 71 a to 71 c is normally complete, the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) outputs an operation command S 3 to the converter control unit 52 a so that the operation is carried out while the current IL (or the negative side current ILN) of the coupling reactor 51 a 5 is kept at zero.
the converter control unit 52 a controls the converter circuit 51 a so that the current IL (or negative side current ILN) of the coupling reactor 51 a 5 is at zero.
control may be carried out so that the converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N) becomes zero or the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N) becomes zero, or the primary side current I 1 detected by the current detector 11 , or the secondary side positive current I 3 detected by the current detector 91 becomes zero.
the operation may be carried out so that the secondary side negative side current I 5 as the detection value of the current detector 93 becomes zero instead of the secondary side positive side current I 3 .
the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) determines that the converter control unit 52 a is normal if the state in which the detection value of current to be controlled is a prescribed value or less continues for a prescribed period.
step is the same as step 6A-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) is substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and therefore the description will not be provided.
step is the same as step 7A-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) is substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and therefore the description will not be provided.
step 8A-1 The step is the same as step 8A-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) is substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and therefore the description will not be provided.
the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) confirms a status signal F 10 from the power storage unit monitor 112 of the power storage unit 110 and turns on the closing commands S 5 and S 7 for the witches 71 a and 71 c , respectively if there is no abnormality and the state in which the secondary side voltage V 4 detected by the voltage detector 81 is at a prescribed value or more continues for a certain period. In this way, the closing coils 31 a 3 of the switches 71 a and 71 c are driven and the main contacts 31 a 1 are closed. In this way, auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 linked with the main contacts 31 a 1 are closed, and auxiliary contact signals F 5 and F 7 indicating the states of the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 are output to the system control unit 120 ( 5 ).
the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) determines that the turning on of the switches 71 a and 71 c is normally complete if the state in which the closing commands S 5 and S 7 are on, the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 of the switches 71 a and 71 c are surely closed, and the auxiliary contacts signals F 5 and F 7 are on continues for a certain period.
switches 71 a and 71 c may be turned on simultaneously or sequentially.
the sequential turning on allows the peak power necessary for turning them on to be reduced, and therefore a control power supply with only a small peak withstand voltage may be employed, so that a compact and lightweight power storage system can be obtained.
the turning on of the switches 71 a and 71 c allows the secondary side capacitor 63 to be charged through the charging resistor 72 .
the system control unit 120 determines that the turning on of the switches 71 a and 71 c is normally complete, and then determines that the charging of the secondary side capacitor 63 is complete if the state continues for a certain period or if the difference between the secondary side voltage V 4 and the secondary side capacitor voltage V 3 becomes a prescribed value or less and a prescribed period elapses.
the unit then outputs a closing command S 6 . This excites the coil 31 a 3 of the switch 71 b and the main contact 31 a 1 is closed.
the system control unit 120 determines that the switch 71 b has normally been turned on.
step 2B-1 The step is the same as step 2B-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) and the switch 71 b are substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and the switch 71 a , respectively and therefore the description will not be provided.
steps 3B-1 to 8B-1 are the same as steps 3B-1 to 8B-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 5 ) is substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and therefore the description will not be provided.
the switches 71 a and 71 b are arranged in series, and therefore if for example the switch 71 b cannot be opened because of a failure, the circuit can be opened using the switch 71 a , so that a power storage system that allows the secondary side circuit to be more surely opened can be provided.
FIG. 27 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a power storage system according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
the sixth embodiment is a modification of the example of the first embodiment, therefore the same elements as those according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference characters and will not be described, and only the different elements will be described.
the power storage system 200 ( 6 ) includes a DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 2 ), a discharge circuit unit 43 ( 3 ), a secondary side filter unit 60 ( 2 ), and a system control unit 120 ( 6 ) instead of the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ), the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 1 ), the secondary side filter unit 60 ( 1 ), and the system control unit 120 ( 1 ), respectively.
the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ) is connected to the positive and negative sides of the succeeding stage of the primary side filter unit 40 ( 1 ), and the secondary side filter unit 60 ( 2 ) does not have a signal input to the system control unit 120 ( 6 ).
FIG. 28 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) according to the sixth embodiment of the invention.
the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) includes a converter circuit 51 b and a converter control unit 52 b , an operation command S 3 is input from the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) to the converter control unit 52 b , and a status signal F 3 is output from the converter control unit 52 b to the system control unit 120 ( 6 ).
FIG. 29 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the converter circuit 51 b.
the circuit is made of a bidirectional buck DC-DC converter circuit including two switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 .
the circuit is capable of controlling power flow in two directions only if the primary side voltage (at the left side terminal in the figure) of the converter circuit is always greater than the secondary side voltage (at the right side terminal in the figure).
the number of necessary switching elements for the circuit is half the number of those necessary for the converter circuit 51 a according to the first embodiment, and therefore the DC-DC converter unit may be compact and lightweight, so that a compact and lightweight storage power storage system may be obtained.
the converter control unit 52 b is provided with an operation command S 3 including the operation, stopping, or control mode, and command values (target values) for power to be passed between the primary side and the secondary side, converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N), converter secondary side current I 2 P (I 2 N), and primary side capacitor voltage V 2 , and a status signal F 3 for the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) is input from the converter control unit 52 b to the system control unit 120 ( 6 ).
an operation command S 3 including the operation, stopping, or control mode, and command values (target values) for power to be passed between the primary side and the secondary side, converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N), converter secondary side current I 2 P (I 2 N), and primary side capacitor voltage V 2 , and a status signal F 3 for the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) is input from the converter control unit 52 b to the system control unit 120 ( 6 ).
the status signal F 3 is a status signal including the voltage, current, and temperature of each of the elements of the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) and the on/off sate and the failure state of the switching elements.
the converter control unit 52 b carries out PWM control to the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 of the converter circuit 51 b based on the operation command S 3 .
FIG. 30 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ) according to the sixth embodiment of the invention.
the positive side of a circuit including a discharge element 46 c and a discharging resistor 46 e connected in series is connected to a line led from the positive side in the succeeding stage of the primary side filter unit 40 ( 1 ), and the negative side is connected to the negative side line.
the on/off state of the discharge element 46 c is controlled by a discharge element driving circuit 46 d .
the discharge element driving circuit 46 d is provided with a discharge command S 4 including an on/off command for the discharge element 46 c from the system control unit 120 ( 6 ), and a status signal F 4 including the operation state of the discharge element 46 c is input from the discharge element driving circuit 46 d to the system control unit 120 ( 6 ).
FIG. 31 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of the secondary filter unit 60 ( 2 ) according to the sixth embodiment of the invention.
a noise filter 64 is connected and a reactor 61 is connected in the succeeding stage of the noise filter 64 .
the reactor 61 is used to carry out smoothing so that the current of the power storage unit 110 does not include a large ripple component.
noise filter 64 The structure of the noise filter 64 is the same as what is described in conjunction with the first embodiment and therefore the description will not be provided.
the noise filter 64 is preferably provided near and succeeding the secondary side capacitor 63 .
steps 1A-1 and 2A-1 are the same as steps 1A-1 and 2A-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) and the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) are substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ) and therefore the description will not be provided.
the step does not exist.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) Upon determining that the turning on of the switch 31 a has normally been completed, the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) turns on the closing commands S 5 and S 7 to turn on the switches 71 a and 71 c . In this way, the closing coils 31 a 3 of the switches 71 a and 71 c are driven, and the main contacts 31 a 1 are closed. Then, the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 linked with the main contacts 31 a 1 are closed and auxiliary contact signals F 5 and F 7 indicating the states of the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 are output to the system control unit 120 ( 6 ).
the system control unit 120 recognizes that the switches 71 a and 71 c have normally been turned on.
the switches 71 a and 71 c may be turned on simultaneously or sequentially. If they are sequentially turned on, the peak power necessary for turning them on may be reduced, and only the switch to be turned on last may serve as a switch capable of opening and closing current. In general, a switch capable of opening and closing current is large in size, and since the number of such switches may be reduced, a compact and lightweight power storage system can be obtained.
the system control unit 120 Upon determining that the turning on of the switches 71 a and 71 c has normally been completed, the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) outputs an operation command S 3 to the converter control unit 52 b so that the converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N) is kept at zero or the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N) is kept at zero.
control may be carried out so that the primary side current I 1 detected by the current detector 11 and the secondary side current I 3 detected by the current detector 91 become zero.
the operation may be carried out so that the secondary side negative side current I 5 as the detection value of the current detector 93 becomes zero instead of the secondary side positive side current I 3 .
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) determines that the converter control unit 52 b is normal if the state in which the detection value of current to be controlled is a prescribed value or less continues for a certain period.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) inputs an operation command S 3 including a current command I* or a power command P* to the converter control unit 52 b after determining that the converter control unit 52 b is normal.
the converter control unit 52 b controls the current or the power between the primary side and the secondary side to match the command.
the current to be controlled is one of the converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N) and the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N).
an operation command S 3 including a voltage command V* may be input to the converter control unit 52 b from the system control unit 120 ( 6 ), and the converter control unit 52 b controls the converter circuit 51 b so that the voltage V 2 of the primary side capacitor 43 matches the voltage command V* in this case.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) inputs an operation command S 3 to cause the converter control unit 52 b to gradually reduce the current of the converter to zero.
the converter control unit 52 b carries out control so that the current of the converter circuit 51 b is gradually reduced, eventually to zero.
the time required for reducing the current to zero can arbitrarily be set.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) inputs an operation command S 3 to stop the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ), and the converter control unit 52 b turns off the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 , and outputs the state as a status signal F 3 .
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) confirms the status signal F 3 and confirms that the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) has normally been stopped.
the current to be controlled is one of the converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N) and the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N).
step 8A-1 The step is the same as step 8A-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) and the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 2 ) are substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ), respectively, and therefore the description will not be provided.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) confirms a status signal F 10 from the power storage unit monitor 112 of the power storage unit 110 and turns on the closing commands S 6 and S 7 for the switches 71 b and 71 c provided that the state in which there is no abnormality and the secondary side voltage V 4 detected by the voltage detector 81 is at a prescribed value or more continues for a certain period. In this way, the closing coils 31 a 3 of the switches 71 b and 71 c are driven, and the main contacts 31 a 1 are closed. The auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 linked to the main contacts 31 a 1 are closed accordingly, and auxiliary contact signals F 6 and F 7 indicating the states of the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 are output to the system control unit 120 ( 6 ).
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) recognizes that the switches 71 b and 71 c have normally been turned on if the state in which the closing command S 6 and S 7 are on, the auxiliary contacts 31 a 2 of the switches 71 b and 71 c are surely closed, and the auxiliary contact signals F 6 and F 7 are on continues for a certain period.
switches 71 b and 71 c may be turned on simultaneously or sequentially. If they are sequentially turned on, and the peak power necessary for turning them on may be reduced, and a control power supply with only a small peak withstand voltage may be used, so that a compact and lightweight power storage system can be obtained.
the system control unit 120 determines that the initial charging of the primary side capacitor 43 is complete and outputs a closing command S 5 . This excites the coil 31 a 3 of the switch 71 a and the main contact 31 a 1 is closed.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) determines that the switch 71 a has normally been turned on if the state in which the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 is surely closed and the auxiliary contact signal F 5 is on continues for a certain period.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) Upon determining that the switch 71 a has normally been turned on, the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) outputs an operation command S 3 to the converter control unit 52 a .
S 3 is a signal including a command to have the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) operated in a boost charging mode in order to further charge the primary side capacitor 43 , primary side capacitor voltage V 2 and primary side voltage V 1 .
the converter control unit 52 b has the converter circuit 51 b operated to allow necessary power to be passed from the secondary side to the primary side and further charges the primary side capacitor 43 .
the primary side capacitor 43 is charged while the current in the converter circuit 51 b is controlled so that the current passed from the primary side to the secondary side is restricted to a prescribed value.
the converter control unit 52 b carries out control so that the current passed from the secondary side to the primary side is reduced and the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 is not raised beyond the level.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) determines that the charging of the primary side capacitor 43 is complete if the difference between the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 and the primary side voltage V 1 is the prescribed value or less and a certain period elapses or if the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 reaches the predetermined prescribed value.
steps 3B-1 and 4B-1 are the same as steps 3B-1 and 4B-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) and the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 2 ) are substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and the DC-DC converter unit 50 ( 1 ), respectively and therefore the description will not be provided.
the system control unit 120 Upon determining that the switch 8 a has normally been turned on, the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) outputs an operation command S 3 to have the converter control unit 52 b operated while keeping the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N) at zero.
the converter control unit 52 b controls the converter circuit 51 b so that the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N) is at zero.
control may be carried out so that the converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N) is at zero, or the primary side current I 1 detected by the current detector 11 , the secondary side positive side current I 3 detected by the current detector 91 , or the secondary side negative side current I 5 as a detection value by the current detector 93 is at zero.
the system control unit 120 determines that the converter control unit 52 b is normal.
the system control unit 120 After determining that the converter control unit 52 b is normal, the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) inputs an operation command S 3 including a current command I* or a power command P* to the converter control unit 52 b.
the converter control unit 52 b carries out control so that its current or the power between the primary side and the secondary side matches the command.
the current to be controlled is one of the converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N) and the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N).
an operation command S 3 including a voltage command V* may be input to the converter control unit 52 b from the system control unit 120 ( 6 ), and in this case the converter control unit 52 b controls the converter circuit 51 b so that the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 matches the voltage command V*.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) inputs an operation command S 3 to cause the converter control unit 52 b to gradually reduce the current of the converter to zero.
the converter control unit 52 b controls the converter circuit 51 b to gradually reduce the current, eventually to zero.
the time necessary for reducing the current to zero can arbitrarily be set. If the state in which the current is at a prescribed value or less continues for a certain period, the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) inputs an operation command S 3 to stop the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ), and the converter control unit 52 b turns off the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 and outputs the state as a status signal F 3 .
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) confirms that the converter 50 ( 2 ) has normally been stopped based on the status signal F 3 .
the current to be controlled is one of the converter primary side current I 1 P (or I 1 N) and the converter secondary side current I 2 P (or I 2 N).
step 8B-1 The step is the same as step 8B-1 according to the first embodiment when the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) and the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) are substituted for the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) and the DC-DC converter 50 ( 1 ), respectively, and therefore the description will not be provided.
the switch 71 b of the secondary side switch unit 70 ( 1 ) and the charging resistor 72 are not necessary and may be removed.
the switch 31 b of the primary side switch unit 30 ( 1 ) and the charging resistor 32 are not necessary and may be removed.
the system control unit 120 determines that leakage current caused by insulation degradation increases somewhere in the circuit, turns off the closing signals S 0 to S 2 and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , turns off the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 of the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ), and inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ), so that the primary side capacitor 43 is discharged.
the operation allows the increase in leakage current to be detected and the power storage system to be quickly stopped, so that further damages can be prevented.
such prescribed values may be provided in a plurality of stages, and if the differential current is sufficiently insignificant, the value may be recorded or indicated by a storage device (not shown) or an indicator lamp (not shown) at the system control unit, the device, the driver's seat or the like for encouraging checking without stopping the power storage system.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) determines that the switch 8 a has an abnormality if the state in which the main contact 31 a 1 is not closed because of a failure or the like in the closing coil 31 a 3 of the switch 8 a though the closing command S 0 for the switch 8 a is on, the auxiliary contact 31 a 2 is not closed, and the auxiliary contact signal F 0 is not turned on continues for a certain period.
the system control unit 120 ( 1 ) turns off the closing commands S 0 to S 2 and S 5 to S 7 for all the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , turns off the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 of the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ), and inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ), so that the primary side capacitor 43 is discharged.
the system control unit 120 determines that charging cannot be completed because of an abnormality such as a ground fault in the primary side capacitor 43 if the difference between the primary side voltage V 1 and the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 is a prescribed value or more or if the primary side current I 1 is passed in an amount equal to or more than a prescribed value, turns off the closing commands S 0 to S 2 for the switches 8 a , 31 a , and 31 b that have been turned on by then, and inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ) to discharge the primary side capacitor 43 .
an abnormality such as a ground fault in the primary side capacitor 43 if the difference between the primary side voltage V 1 and the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 is a prescribed value or more or if the primary side current I 1 is passed in an amount equal to or more than a prescribed value
an abnormality in the charging circuit for the primary side capacitor 43 can be detected, so that the power storage system can quickly be stopped, and further damages can be prevented.
the system control unit 120 determines that there is an abnormality in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) or in the periphery of the primary side capacitor 43 , turns off the closing commands S 6 and S 7 for the switches 71 b and 71 c that have been turned on by then, stops the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 of the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ), inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 .
the system control unit 120 stops the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ), turns off the closing commands S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ), and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 .
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) turns off the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ) if current at the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 in the converter circuit 51 b is at a prescribed value or more.
switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 may be turned off if the converter secondary side current I 1 P (or I 2 N) is at a prescribed value or more instead of the current at the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 .
the capacitor 43 is not discharged and only the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 are turned off because excess current for the DC-DC converter could be generated temporarily by disturbance caused by abrupt change in the primary side capacitor voltage V 2 and the phenomenon is not directly attributable to an abnormality in the DC-DC converter itself. There is little possibility for the DC-DC converter to be damaged.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) turns off the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 if the surface temperature of the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 in the converter circuit 51 b or the temperature of a cooling fin (not shown) having the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 attached thereto is a set temperature or higher.
the capacitor is not discharged and only the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 are turned off because such a temperature rise in the DC-DC converter could be caused by temporary overload, the phenomenon is not directly attributable to an abnormality in the DC-DC converter itself, and there is little possibility for the DC-DC converter to be damaged.
the system control unit 120 recognizes the state based on a status signal F 3 , then stops the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ), turns off the closing commands S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 .
the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 may independently turn off without a turn-off command from the system control unit 120 ( 2 ) or the converter control unit 52 b .
a switching element having such a function has been commercially available and referred to as an intelligent power module. In this way, the switching off may be carried out more quickly without a lag from the moment of abnormality detection, which improves the protective performance.
the above-described abnormality refers to cases where the current passed to the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 is excessive with a sharp rising, where the temperature in the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 is at a prescribed value or higher, and where the voltage of the on/off signals for the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 is likely to be unstable. These phenomena could give rise to damages to the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 .
the system control unit 120 detects the state because the auxiliary contact signal S 0 is turned off though the closing command S 0 is on, stops the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ), turns off the closing commands S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 .
the switch 8 a opens by itself because of excess current, it is possible that the excess current has been passed because of a short circuit or a ground fault, and therefore the above-described operation allows the power storage system to be quickly stopped, so that further damages can be prevented.
the system control unit 120 detects the blowing since the auxiliary contact signals F 8 and F 9 are turned on, stops the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ), turns off the closing commands S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 .
the fuses 101 a and 101 b are blown by passage of excess current caused by a short circuit or a ground fault, and therefore the above-described operation allows the power storage system to be quickly stopped, so that further damages can be prevented.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) turns off the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 if a status signal F 10 indicating a temperature abnormality, overcharge, or overdischarge is input from the power storage unit monitor 112 .
the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 start to operate when F 10 no longer indicates the temperature abnormality.
the power storage unit 110 may have an unrecoverable abnormality, and therefore the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) stops the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 in the DC-DC converter 50 ( 2 ), turns off the closing commands S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 for the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c , inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ) and discharges the primary side capacitor 43 .
an abnormality in the power storage unit can be detected, so that the power storage system can quickly be stopped and further damages can be prevented.
the occurrence of the abnormality is preferably recorded by the system control unit or displayed by an indicator lamp (not shown), an indicator monitor (not shown) or the like provided at the device, the driver's seat or the like.
abnormality detection 1-6 the differential current abnormality detection
abnormality detection 2-6 the switch abnormality detection
abnormality detection 3-6 the primary side capacitor charging abnormality detection in the primary side activation
abnormality detection 6-6 the primary side capacitor charging abnormality detection in the secondary side activation
abnormality detection 11-6 the switching element abnormality detection
abnormality detection 12-6 the primary side excess current detection
abnormality detection 13-6 the secondary side excess current detection
abnormality detection 14-6 the power storage unit abnormality detection. Therefore, the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) prohibits the activation of the power storage system as soon as it detects any of these abnormalities.
the activation prohibition does not end unless there is a manual operation such as pressing a reset button provided at the driver's platform, the system control unit or the like.
abnormality detection 7-6 the primary side capacitor excess voltage detection
abnormality detection 9-6 the DC-DC converter excess current detection
abnormality detection 10-6 the DC-DC converter temperature abnormality detection. Therefore, the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) carries out a stopping procedure and then automatically carries out re-activation after a prescribed period. At the time, the presence/absence of another abnormality is monitored and unless an abnormality of the same kind is detected within a certain period, the operation is continued. If an abnormality of the same kind is detected within the certain period, re-activation of the power storage system is prohibited as soon as the abnormality is detected. The activation prohibition does not end unless there is a manual operation such as pressing a reset button provided at the driver's platform, the system control unit or the like.
the power storage system can be prevented from being excessively stopped by temporary abnormalities caused by disturbance, while further damages that could otherwise be caused by careless re-activation can be prevented.
system control unit 120 ( 6 ) carries out the following operation if the voltage of the control power supply is lower than a prescribed value.
the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) If the voltage of the control power supply for the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) is lower than the prescribed value or turned off, the system control unit 120 ( 6 ) inputs a discharge command S 4 to the discharge circuit unit 45 ( 3 ) and the primary side capacitor 43 is discharged in order to prevent the switching elements 51 b 1 and 51 b 2 from being damaged.
the closing commands S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , and S 5 to S 7 are turned off in order to open the switches 8 a , 31 a , 31 b , and 71 a to 71 c.
FIG. 32 is a diagram of an example of the configuration of a power storage system according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
the seventh embodiment is a modification of the example of the sixth embodiment, therefore the same elements as those according to the sixth embodiment are denoted by the same reference characters and will not be described, and only the different elements will be described.
a DC power supply 1 ( 2 ) is provided instead of the DC power supply 1 ( 1 ) and input to a power storage system 200 ( 7 ).
the power storage system 200 ( 7 ) is provided with a primary side filter unit 40 ( 2 ) instead of the primary side filter unit 40 ( 1 ).
the reactor 1 e of the drive controller 1 j can be shared, and the reactor 41 in the sixth embodiment can be omitted so that a compact and lightweight power storage system can be obtained.
the switch 71 c is provided to open the negative side of the power storage unit 110 , while the minimum necessary condition is that the positive side can be opened, and therefore the switch 71 c may be omitted in this case.
system control unit and the converter control unit may be formed as a single integral unit.
control unit may be divided into arbitrary functional sections.
the power storage system is connected to the DC power supply, while it is understood that it may be connected to the output of a converter circuit that rectifies an AC power supply.
first to seventh embodiments are examples of the invention, and it goes without saying that some of these embodiments may be combined, any of them may be combined with another known technique, or they may partly omitted or changed for modification without departing from the scope of the invention.
the invention is applicable not only to such a power storage system for use in an electric rolling stock or the like, but also to devices in various kinds of related fields including the fields of an automobile, an elevator, a power storage system and the like.

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Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Power Engineering (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Sustainable Development (AREA)
Sustainable Energy (AREA)
Transportation (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

US11/663,648 2006-04-11 2006-04-11 Power storage system Active 2028-04-05 US7772806B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
PCT/JP2006/307651 WO2007116530A1 (fr)	2006-04-11	2006-04-11	Systeme de stockage d'energie

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US20090015199A1 US20090015199A1 (en)	2009-01-15
US7772806B2 true US7772806B2 (en)	2010-08-10

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US (1)	US7772806B2 (fr)
EP (1)	EP2006972B1 (fr)
JP (1)	JP4061335B2 (fr)
CN (1)	CN101199094B (fr)
CA (1)	CA2580562C (fr)
ES (1)	ES2513140T3 (fr)
WO (1)	WO2007116530A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
CN101199094B (zh)	2011-01-05
ES2513140T3 (es)	2014-10-24
EP2006972A1 (fr)	2008-12-24
CA2580562C (fr)	2013-02-05
EP2006972B1 (fr)	2014-07-23
JP4061335B2 (ja)	2008-03-19
EP2006972A4 (fr)	2010-12-29
CN101199094A (zh)	2008-06-11
US20090015199A1 (en)	2009-01-15
JPWO2007116530A1 (ja)	2009-08-20
WO2007116530A1 (fr)	2007-10-18
CA2580562A1 (fr)	2007-10-11
HK1118387A1 (en)	2009-02-06

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