WO2020007880A2 - Polypeptides et compositions a activite polysaccharide oxydase lytique - Google Patents
Polypeptides et compositions a activite polysaccharide oxydase lytique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020007880A2 WO2020007880A2 PCT/EP2019/067771 EP2019067771W WO2020007880A2 WO 2020007880 A2 WO2020007880 A2 WO 2020007880A2 EP 2019067771 W EP2019067771 W EP 2019067771W WO 2020007880 A2 WO2020007880 A2 WO 2020007880A2
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- polysaccharide oxidase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
- C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0071—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14)
- C12N9/0083—Miscellaneous (1.14.99)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y114/00—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14)
- C12Y114/99—Miscellaneous (1.14.99)
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates, in general, to enzymes with polysaccharide oxidase activity.
- the invention relates to the field of the production of second generation ethanol by enzymatic oxidation and hydrolysis of materials containing polysaccharides, and in particular lignocellulosic biomass.
- the invention relates to the field of celluloses, as well as methods for the manufacture of cellulose fibers and defibrillation of cellulosic substrates.
- Lignocellulosic biomass is a polysaccharide substrate and a renewable source for the production of biofuels and platform molecules for industry. Its conversion to products of interest, such as saccharides and cellulose fibers, requires the combined action of enzymes, mostly of fungal origin.
- cellulolytic microorganisms To degrade this type of polysaccharide substrate, mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, cellulolytic microorganisms generally produce enzymatic mixtures containing cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases and lignolytic enzymes. A concerted action of the different enzymes is necessary for optimal degradation of lignocellulose.
- the degradation of cellulose requires in particular the coordinated and synergistic action of different types of enzymes. More particularly, efficiently converting cellulose into small molecules requires the synergistic action of cellulases, that is to say endoglucanases (EG), cellobiohydrolases (CBH) and B-glucosidases.
- EGs cleave b- 1, 4 bonds at random in cellulosic chains, thereby releasing new terminations for the action of cellobiohydrolases (CBH) which in turn release cellobiose units.
- CBH cellobiohydrolases
- the b-glucosidases produce glucose molecules from cellobiose, thereby reducing the inhibitory effect of cellobiose on HBC.
- hydrolytic enzymes are found in the class of glycoside hydrolases (GH), and cellulases in particular in the families GH5, GH6, GH7, GH 12, GH45 and GH48.
- LPMO monooxygenases
- AA auxiliary activity
- Trichoderma reesei An enzyme producer frequently used in industry is the fungus Trichoderma reesei which is capable of producing large quantities of enzymes.
- the enzyme cocktail known as “K975” represents a low diversity of enzymes and is not sufficiently effective.
- T. aurantiacus an enzymatic cocktail of T. reesei containing 7% of the protein AA9 (LPMO) of T. aurantiacus was capable of hydrolyzing 90% of the cellulose to 4 mg of protein per gram of cellulose, making it possible to reduce the amount of enzymes needed by a factor of 2.
- Other members of the AA9 family have been identified in several fungal species, notably in Podospora anserina, Myceliophthora thermophila or Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
- WO 2018/050300 teaches the identification of LPMOs, and their implementation in a process for the production of sugars from lignocellulosic biomass.
- WO 2016/193617 teaches methods of manufacturing nanocelluloses, comprising a step of enzymatic treatment of said substrate with a cleavage enzyme belonging to the family of lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMOs), capable of ensuring oxidative cleavage of said fibers of fibers celluloses.
- LPMOs lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases
- the object of the invention is to meet these needs.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 1 or SEQ ID No. 2, using a BLAST-P comparison method, said BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 80% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID N ° 1 or SEQ ID N ° 2, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- said isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence chosen from SEQ ID No. 5 to SEQ ID No. 382 and SEQ ID No. 383.
- the invention relates to a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity as defined above.
- composition can be characterized in that it further comprises at least one polypeptide with polysaccharide-degradase activity chosen from: a cellulase, a hemicellulase, a ligninase and a carbohydrate oxidase.
- polypeptide with polysaccharide-degradase activity chosen from: a cellulase, a hemicellulase, a ligninase and a carbohydrate oxidase.
- Said composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be characterized in that it is capable of being obtained from one or more organisms of the fungus or yeast type, in particular chosen from the genera: Achlya, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Cephalosporium, Chrysosporium , Cochliobolus, Endothia, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Humicola, Hypocrea, Myceliophthora, Mucor, Neurospora, Penicillium, Pyricularia, Thielavia, Tolypocladium, Trichoderma, Podospora, Pycnoporus, Fusarium, Thermonospora especially Aspergillus or Trichoderma; preferably Aspergillus or Podospora.
- Said polysaccharide oxidase activity composition can be characterized in that said polysaccharide oxidase activity polypeptide is obtained recombinantly.
- the invention relates to a kit comprising at least:
- a first part comprising a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity as defined above, or a composition comprising said polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity;
- a second part comprising a polypeptide with polysaccharide-degradase activity chosen from a cellulase, a hemicellulase, a ligninase and a carbohydrate oxidase, or a composition comprising said polypeptide with polysaccharide-degradase activity.
- the invention relates to a host capable of recombinantly expressing a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity as defined above.
- Said host can in particular be a yeast, a bacterium or a fungus.
- the invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity as defined above.
- the invention relates to a process for obtaining a sugar from a polysaccharide substrate, comprising at least one step of bringing said substrate into contact with a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity such as defined above, or of a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity comprising the said polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity.
- said substrate is a lignocellulosic substrate.
- the invention relates to a process for the production of alcohol from a lignocellulosic substrate, characterized in that it comprises obtaining a sugar by a process for obtaining a sugar as defined below. above, and the alcoholic fermentation of said sugar by an alcohol-producing microorganism.
- the invention relates to a method for preparing a cellulosic substrate for the manufacture of cellulose fibers, which method comprises at least the following steps consisting in:
- a) have a cellulosic substrate capable of forming cellulose fibers; b) bringing said substrate into contact, in the presence of an electron donor, with at least one polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity under conditions capable of ensuring oxidative cleavage of said cellulose fibers;
- polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity has an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No. 1 or SEQ ID No. 2, using a BLAST comparison method- P, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to a process for defibrillation of a cellulosic substrate, which process comprises at least the following steps consisting in:
- polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity has an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No. 1 or SEQ ID No. 2, using a BLAST comparison method- P, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to a process for manufacturing cellulose fibers, which process comprises at least the following steps consisting in:
- polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity has an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No 1 or SEQ ID No 2, using a BLAST comparison method -P, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to cellulose fibers resulting from a defibrillation process and / or from a process for manufacturing cellulose fibers as defined above.
- Figure 1 Monitoring over time of the hydrolysis yield with the T. reeser cocktail, on three pretreated biomass. The error bars represent G standard deviation calculated on 3 replicates.
- Curve B. On Poplar Increase of the hydrolysis yield up to a value of 60% at Time (h) h) 140.
- Figure 2A-2C Modification of the hydrolysis yield in the presence of secretomes from the CIRM-BRFM 1490 strain of "Aspergillus japonicus, compared to the hydrolysis yield in the presence of the reference cocktail alone.
- On miscanthus The lightest boxes (on the left) illustrate the performance of the secretomes on miscanthus at 24h and the darkest boxes (on the right) illustrate the performance of the secretomes on miscanthus at 96h.
- On poplar The lightest boxes (on the left) illustrate the performance of secretomes on poplar at 24 h and the darkest boxes (on the right) show the performance of secretomes on poplar at 96 h.
- Figure 3 conservation of the catalytic module and consensus sequence. Graphic representation of consensus amino acids during the alignment of 378 X273 modules, generated using the WebLogo application (Crooks et al., 2004). On the ordinate, sequence preservation unit expressed in bits. On the abscissa, position in the module consensus reference sequence. The size of the amino acids is represented as a function of the frequency observed, as defined according to the algorithm specified in Crooks et al. (2004).
- Figure 4 Synergy of X273 with CBHI for the release of cellobiose from cellulose nanofibrils.
- the enzymes AaX273 and PaX273 (8 pg) reacted with a mixture of 0.1% cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) for 16 h in the presence of ascorbate (lmM), then the NFCs were washed and hydrolyzed by the CBHI cellulase of T. reesei (0.8 pg) for 30 minutes.
- NFC cellulose nanofibrils
- FIG. 5 Concentration of glucose released after 24 hours of hydrolysis of miscanthus by the reference cocktail, with or without addition of X273.
- the test sequential: the X273 (2.2 mM) acted for 24 hours, then the cocktail K975 + SP188 (1 mg / g MS) was added for 24 hours.
- the simultaneous test the X273 and the K975 + SP188 cocktail were added together for 24 hours.
- the error bars represent the standard deviation calculated on 3 replicas.
- concentration of glucose released in g / L.
- control center in the presence of T.
- Figure 6 Improvement in the accessibility of cellulose by X273, by measuring the cellobiose released in the presence of a Trichoderma reesei cellulase
- the inventors have sought to identify secretomas of Aspergillus capable of supplementing a reference cellulolytic cocktail derived from T. reesei on a series of lignocellulosic biomasses known as recalcitrant, such as straw , poplar or miscanthus.
- the inventors produced secretomes from cultures under different conditions and from several strains of Aspergillus, selected from the CIRM-CF (International Center for Microbial Resources - Filamentous Mushrooms) collection at INRA.
- CIRM-CF International Center for Microbial Resources - Filamentous Mushrooms
- secretomes providing the greatest improvements in miscanthus hydrolysis yield have been selected.
- a protein of interest appeared during the exploration of the content of the secretomes, which is present only in the secretomes capable of improving the hydrolysis of miscanthus. This was not recognized during the CAZy annotation.
- this protein contains a module having similarities with those found in the AA 10 family, followed by a C-terminal extension predicted as a disordered region. After verification using the CAZy tools, it was then established that this protein does not belong to the AA10 family, but to a family not yet characterized named X273 (internal referencing in CAZy).
- this family of enzymes exhibits behavior of the polysaccharide oxidase (LPMO) type, which materializes in particular by the presence of a copper ion within its active center and the production of fUC in presence of an electron donor such as ascorbic acid.
- LPMO polysaccharide oxidase
- the inventors are of the opinion that the X273 family (also mentioned in the description as a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention), present in the fungal genomes, is characterized by a catalytic module belonging to a new LPMO family.
- this new family of LPMOs is therefore characterized by a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, comprising a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 1 (from from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID N ° 2 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- this new family of LPMOs is characterized by a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, comprising a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 40% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 1 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID N ° 2 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a comparison method BLAST-P, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- this new family of LPMOs is characterized by a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, comprising a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 50% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 1 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID N ° 2 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- this new family of LPMOs is characterized by a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, comprising a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 60% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 1 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID N ° 2 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- this new family of LPMOs is characterized by a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, comprising a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 70% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 1 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID N ° 2 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- this new family of LPMOs is characterized by a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, comprising a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 80% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 1 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID N ° 2 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- this new family of LPMOs is characterized by a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, comprising a sequence with an amino acid identity of at least 90% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No. 1 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID No. 2 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a comparison method BLAST-P, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the two reference sequences SEQ ID No. 1 and SEQ ID No. 2 each correspond to the entire form of the polypeptide, including (i) a signal peptide in the N-terminal position, as predicted by the SignalP 4.1 software, (ii) the catalytic module including a 1st histidine at the N-terminal, and (iii) a C-terminal extension.
- the catalytic module is responsible for the polysaccharide oxidase activity, and is characterized by the presence of an active center of the “Histidine brace” type also found in the enzymes of known LPMO type, and capable of fixing copper.
- polypeptides with polysaccharide oxidase activity are in particular characterized by the presence of an active site formed by two conserved Histidine residues, one of the two Histidine residues generally being at the N-terminal end of the catalytic module.
- the presence of the signal peptide and of the C-terminal extension are optional for obtaining a polysaccharide oxidase activity.
- sequences SEQ ID No 3 and SEQ ID No 4 correspond respectively to the signal peptides of the sequences SEQ ID No 1 and SEQ ID No 2.
- sequences SEQ ID N ° 5 and SEQ ID N ° 6 correspond respectively to the catalytic modules of the sequences SEQ ID N ° 1 and SEQ ID N ° 2.
- the two reference sequences SEQ ID N ° 1 and SEQ ID N ° 2 share between them 45% of sequence identity, with an E-value of 2e 53 .
- the two reference sequences SEQ ID N ° 5 and SEQ ID N ° 6 share between them 45% of sequence identity, with an E-value of 6th 52 .
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence chosen from SEQ ID No. 5 to SEQ ID No. 382 and SEQ ID N 383.
- an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity is capable of binding to ceullose, and / or comprises a module for binding to cellulose.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence chosen from SEQ ID No. 2, 34, 40, 50, 51, 60, 61 , 82, 84, 86,
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a polypeptide sequence having at least 20% identity with a reference sequence chosen from SEQ ID No. 2, 34 , 40, 50, 51, 60, 61, 82, 84, 86, 87, 89, 93, 97, 103, 110, 121, 146, 156, 166, 174, 179, 181, 185, 188, 189, 207 , 210, 220, 227, 233, 239, 266, 270, 273, 285, 287, 291, 297, 300, 310, 319, 326.
- a reference sequence chosen from SEQ ID No. 2, 34 , 40, 50, 51, 60, 61, 82, 84, 86, 87, 89, 93, 97, 103, 110, 121, 146, 156, 166, 174, 179, 181, 185, 188, 189, 207
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a polypeptide sequence having at least 40% identity with a reference sequence chosen from
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a polypeptide sequence having at least 80% identity with a reference sequence chosen from
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a sequence polypeptide having at least 90% identity with a reference sequence chosen from
- BLAST-P method also called Protein Basic Local Alignment Search Tool method
- the BLAST-P method has in particular been described in Altschul et al. (1990, J Mol Biol, Vol. 215 (n ° 3): 403-410), Altschul et al. (1997, Nucleic Acids Res. Vol. 25: 3389-3402) and Altschul et al. (2005, FEBS J. Vol. 272: 5101-5109).
- the BLAST-P method is preferably used according to the following parameters: (i) Expected threshold: 10; (ii) Word Size: 6; (iii) Max Matches in a Query range: 0; (iv) Matrix: BLOSSUM62; (v) Gap costs: Existence 11, Extension 1; (vi) Compositional Adjustments: Conditional compositional score matrix adjustment, (vii) No filter; (viii) No mask.
- the score of an alignment, S is calculated as the sum of the substitution and gap scores.
- the substitution scores are given in a table (see PAM, BLOSUM below).
- Gap scores are generally calculated as the sum of the Gs, the gap opening penalty and L, the gap extension penalty.
- G the cost of a gap would be G + Ln.
- the choice of the costs of the gaps, G and L are empirical, but it is usual to choose a high value for G (10-15) and a low value for L (1-2).
- Optimal alignment means aligning two sequences with the highest possible score.
- the "percentage of identity" between two polypeptides means that the percentage of identical amino acids between the two polypeptide sequences to be compared, obtained after optimal alignment, this percentage being entirely statistical and the differences between the two polypeptide sequences being distributed randomly along their length.
- the comparison of two polypeptide sequences is traditionally carried out by comparing the sequences after having aligned them optimally, said comparison must be able to be carried out by segment or by using an "alignment window". The optimal alignment of the sequences for their comparison is achieved using the BLAST-P comparison software.
- the percentage of identity between two amino acid sequences is determined by comparing the two optimally aligned sequences within which the nucleic acid sequences to be compared may contain additions or deletions with respect to the sequence of benchmark for optimal alignment between the two polypeptide sequences.
- the percentage of identity is calculated by determining the number of positions in which an amino acid is identical between the two sequences, preferably between two complete sequences, then by dividing this number of identical positions by the total number of positions in the window d alignment and multiplying the result by 100 in order to obtain the percentage of identity between the two sequences.
- polypeptide sequences having at least 20% amino acid identity with a reference sequence include those which have at least 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26 %, 27%,
- polypeptide sequence having at least 20% identity is intended to mean sequences comprising at least 40% identity, very particularly at least 80% identity, and preferably at least 90% identity with a reference sequence; such as SEQ ID N ° 1 or 2.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence having at least 40% identity with a reference sequence SEQ ID No. 5 to SEQ ID No. 383.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence having at least 50% identity with a reference sequence SEQ ID N ° 5 to SEQ ID No. 383.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence having at least 60% identity with a reference sequence SEQ ID N ° 5 to SEQ ID No. 383.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence having at least 70% identity with a reference sequence SEQ ID No. 5 to SEQ ID No. 383.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence having at least 80% identity with a reference sequence SEQ ID No. 5 to SEQ ID No. 383.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence having at least 90% identity with a reference sequence SEQ ID N ° 5 to SEQ ID No. 383.
- the “percentage identity” between two nucleic acid sequences represents the percentage of identical nucleotide residues between the two nucleic acid sequences to be compared, obtained after optimal alignment, this percentage being purely statistical and the differences between the two sequences being distributed randomly over the length of the sequences.
- the comparison of two nucleic acid sequences is traditionally carried out by comparing the sequences after having aligned them optimally, the said comparison can be carried out by segment or by using an “alignment window”. The optimal alignment of the sequences for comparison is achieved using the BLAST-N comparison software.
- the percentage identity between two nucleic acid sequences is determined by comparing the two optimally aligned sequences in which the nucleic acid sequences to be compared may contain additions or deletions compared to the reference sequence. of the optimal alignment between the two sequences
- the percentage of identity is calculated according to the number of positions at which the nucleotide residues are identical between the two sequences, preferably between the two complete sequences, then by dividing this number of identical positions by the total number of positions in the alignment window and multiplying the result by 100 in order to obtain the percentage of identity between the two sequences.
- nucleotide sequences having at least 20% identity with the reference sequence include those having at least 21%, 22%,
- nucleotide sequence having at least 20% identity is intended to mean sequences comprising at least 40% identity, very particularly at least 80% identity, and preferably at least 90% identity with a reference sequence; such as SEQ ID N ° 1 or 2.
- BLOSUM Blocks Substitution Matrix
- substitution score matrices in which the scores for each position are derived from the observation of the frequency of substitution of blocks in local alignments for related proteins. Each matrix is drawn for an evolution distance special.
- the alignment from which the scores were derived was created from sequences not sharing more than 62% identity. Sequences with more than 62% identity are represented by a unique sequence in the alignment so as not to over-represent close members of the same family.
- an E-value (also called Expect Value or e-value) is a parameter calculated when the BLAST-P method is used, the said parameter representing the number of different alignments with equivalent scores or with better than S whose appearance is expected during a search in the database by chance.
- E-value the E-value
- an e-value of 18 or less includes e-values of 20 or less, 25 or less, 30 or less, 40 or less, 1 e 50 or less, 1 e 60 or less, 1 e 70 or less, 1 e 80 or less, 1 e 90 or less and 1 e 100 or less.
- cellulosic substrate or “lignocellulosic substrate” is meant any biomass material (including organic materials of plant origin, including algae, animal or fungal) and containing cellulose, in particular in the form of cellulosic fibers (c cellulose fibers).
- Lignocellulosic biomass means any biomass capable of being used as a lignocellulosic substrate. Lignocellulosic biomass can in particular be classified according to its origin:
- a lignocellulosic substrate can be obtained from a lignocellulosic biomass including: poplar, pine, miscanthus, willow, switchgrass, corn, sugar cane, wheat , rice, oats, barley, beet, olive, vine, cotton, eucalyptus, fruit trees.
- the cellulosic substrate is advantageously obtained from wood (of which cellulose is the main component), but also from any fibrous plant rich in cellulose, such as, for example, cotton, linen, hemp, bamboo, kapok, coconut fiber (coir), ramie, jute, sisal, raffia, papyrus and certain reeds, bagasse of sugarcane, beet (and especially beet pulp), citrus fruits, stems corn or sorghum, or annual straw plants.
- wood of which cellulose is the main component
- any fibrous plant rich in cellulose such as, for example, cotton, linen, hemp, bamboo, kapok, coconut fiber (coir), ramie, jute, sisal, raffia, papyrus and certain reeds, bagasse of sugarcane, beet (and especially beet pulp), citrus fruits, stems corn or sorghum, or annual straw plants.
- Cellulosic substrates can also be obtained from marine animals (such as tunicate), algae (such as Valonia or Cladophora) or bacteria for bacterial cellulose (such as bacterial strains of the Gluconacetobacter type) .
- marine animals such as tunicate
- algae such as Valonia or Cladophora
- bacteria for bacterial cellulose such as bacterial strains of the Gluconacetobacter type
- cellulose will be chosen from primary walls such as the fruit parenchyma (for example beets, citrus fruits etc.) or secondary walls, such as wood.
- primary walls such as the fruit parenchyma (for example beets, citrus fruits etc.) or secondary walls, such as wood.
- the cellulosic substrate advantageously consists of a cellulosic material prepared by chemical or mechanical means, from any cellulosic source as mentioned above (and in particular from wood).
- Material containing lignocellulose is generally present, for example, in stems, leaves, bran, husks and rachis of plants or leaves, branches, and wood of trees.
- the material containing lignocellulose can also be herbaceous material, agricultural and forestry remains, municipal solid waste, paper waste, and pulp and paper shredding remains. It should be understood here that the material containing lignocellulose can be in the form of material of the cell wall of the plant containing lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose in a mixed matrix.
- the material containing lignocellulose is a lignocellulosic biomass chosen from the group consisting of: grass, switchgrass, spartine, tares, baldingère false reed, miscanthus, sugar processing residues, sugar cane bagasse, agricultural waste, rice straw, rice husk, barley straw, corn on the cob, straw cereals, wheat straw, canola straw, oat straw, oat shell, corn stover, soy flour, corn flour, forest waste, recycled wood pulp fiber, paper mud, sawdust, hardwood, softwood, agave and combinations thereof.
- the material containing lignocellulose is chosen from a group comprising: corn flour, corn fiber, rice straw, pine wood, wood chips, poplar, bagasse , paper and pulp processing waste.
- cellulose is meant a linear homopolysaccharide derived from biomass (including organic matter of plant origin, algae included, cellulose of animal origin as well as cellulose of bacterial origin) and consisting of units (or cycles ) of glucose (D-Anhydroglucopyranose - AGU for “Anhydro glucose unit”) linked together by glycosidic linkages b- (1-4).
- the repeating pattern is a glucose dimer also called cellobiose.
- AGUs have 3 hydroxyl functions: 2 secondary alcohols (on the carbons in positions 2 and 3 of the glucose cycle) and a primary alcohol (on the carbon in position 6 of the glucose cycle).
- these polymers combine by intermolecular bonds of the hydrogen bond type, thus conferring a fibrous structure on the cellulose.
- the association of chains formed from cellobiose dimers forms an elementary nanofibrill of cellulose (the diameter of which is approximately 5 nm).
- the association of elementary nanofibrils forms a nanofibril (whose diameter generally varies from 50 to 500 nm; this includes 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 nm).
- the arrangement of several of these nanofibrils then forms what is generally called a cellulose fiber.
- cellulose fiber designates all of the forms of cellulose capable of being obtained after a defibrillation process, or delamination of a cellulosic substrate; this includes forms of cellulose having a dimension of the order of a nanometer, as well as forms of cellulose having a larger dimension.
- nanocelluloses refers to the different forms of cellulose with a dimension on the order of a nanometer. According to the invention, this term encompasses in particular two families of nanocelluloses: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose fibrils.
- cellulose fibrils are synonyms.
- Each cellulose nanofibril contains crystalline parts stabilized by a solid network of inter- and intra-chain hydrogen bonds. These crystal regions are separated by amorphous regions.
- NCCs cellulose nanocrystals
- the NCCs advantageously comprise at least 50% of crystalline part, more preferably at least 55% of crystalline part. They generally have a diameter ranging from 5 to 70 nm (preferably less than 15 nm) and a length ranging from 40 nm to approximately 1 ⁇ m, preferably ranging from 40 nm to 500 nm; which includes 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 nm.
- cellulose nanocrystals are synonymous.
- cellulose whiskers are synonymous.
- microcrystals or “cellulose nanocrystal” are synonymous.
- NCCs cellulose nanocrystals
- polysaccharide-containing material includes a substance or composition comprising polysaccharides.
- polysaccharide is used in its conventional sense and designates polymeric carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharides held together by glycosidic bonds. During their hydrolysis, the polysaccharides release the soluble monosaccharides or oligosaccharides constituting them.
- the polysaccharides which are preferably considered are the polysaccharides derived from plants, and very particularly cellulose, such as that found in lignocellulose.
- This term thus includes any material (or substrate or biomass) comprising at least one (or a plurality of) polysaccharide (s) chosen from: cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin; which notably includes polysaccharide substrates comprising at least 30% by weight of cellulose and hemicellulose.
- s polysaccharide
- material containing lignocellulose refers to material consisting mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. This term is synonymous with “lignocellulosic material”. Such material is also referenced as “Biomass”. According to this definition, a material containing lignocellulose is an example of a cellulosic substrate capable of forming cellulose fibers.
- lignocellulosic material or substrate or biomass containing at least 30% by weight (wt), preferably at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight of lignocellulose.
- lignocellulosic material may include other compounds such as polypeptides and sugars, which includes fermentable and / or non-fermentable sugars.
- a material containing lignocellulose particularly considered according to the invention can be chosen from pine, poplar, straw and miscanthus.
- a “polysaccharide oxidizing enzyme” or a “polysaccharide oxidase activity polypeptide” include the polypeptides with the following properties:
- said polypeptide produces hydrogen peroxide in the presence of oxygen and an electron donor compound, such as ascorbates,
- polypeptide increases in a dose dependent manner, in the absence or in the presence of an electron donor compound, the degradation of a material containing polysaccharides such as lignocellulose, caused by cellulases and / or hemicellulases such that, for example, xylanases,
- said polypeptide increases in a dose dependent manner, in the absence or in the presence of an electron donor compound, the degradation of a material containing polysaccharides such as lignocellulose, caused by cellulases.
- an electron donor compound is used herein in its usual sense for a person skilled in the art.
- an electron donor compound is a chemical entity capable of donating electrons to another compound.
- An electron donor compound is a reducing agent due to its ability to donate electrons and is itself oxidized when it donates electrons to another chemical entity.
- An electron donor compound as specified above for the oxidation properties of polysaccharides includes, but is not limited to, ascorbates and cellobiose dehydrogenases (CDH).
- CDH cellobiose dehydrogenases
- the reducing agent can advantageously be supplied by biomass (lignin) which can act as an electron donor.
- LPMO Lignostic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase
- CAZy database Carbohydrate Active enzymes, Lombard et al., 2014
- This term therefore includes in particular all of the polypeptides with polysaccharide oxidase activity belonging to the families AA9, AA10, AA11, AA13, AA14 and AA15.
- This term also includes LPMO type I (capable of oxidizing glycosidic bonds on carbon C), type II (capable of oxidizing glycosidic bonds on carbon C4) and type III (capable of oxidizing bonds glycosides in both Cl and C4).
- polysaccharide degrading enzyme or a "polypeptide with polysaccharide degradase activity” includes polypeptides which, in addition to polysaccharide oxidases, contribute to the degradation of polysaccharide substrates such as lignocellulosic biomasses.
- polypeptides with polysaccharide degradase activity can be chosen from cellulases, hemicellulases, ligninases and carbohydrate oxidases.
- Cellulases include endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and beta-glucosidases.
- Hemicellulases include xylanases, mannanases, xylosidases, mannosidases, arabinofuranosidaes and esterases.
- cellulase is likely to include exo-glucanases, endo-glucanases, cellobiohydrolases, cellulose phosphorylases, pectinases, pectate lyases, polygalacturonase, pectin esterases, cellobiose dehydrogenases, mannanases, arabinofuranosidases, feruoyl esterases, arabinofuranases, arabinofurases, arabinofuranase , galactosidases, amylases, acetylxylan esterases, chitin deacetylases, chitinases, and glucosidases.
- Ligninases include peroxidases, copper radical oxidases (i.e. laccases).
- Carbohydrate oxidases include lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) and GMC oxidoreductases (i.e. glucose dehydrogenases, cellobiose dehydrogenases).
- chemical treatment refers to all chemical pretreatments that allow the separation and / or release of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin.
- suitable chemical pretreatments include, for example, dilute acids, lime, bases, organic solvents, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide.
- wet oxidation and hydrothermolysis at controlled pH are also considered to be chemical pretreatments.
- the pretreatment methods using ammonia are described in particular in PCT applications WO 2006/110891, WO 2006/110899, WO 2006/110900, and WO 2006/110901.
- mechanical pretreatment refers to all mechanical (or physical) treatments that allow the separation and / or release of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin from material containing lignocellulose.
- mechanical pretreatments include different types of grinding, irradiation, steam explosion and hydrothermolysis.
- Mechanical pretreatment includes the fragmentation of a solid (comminution or mechanical size reduction).
- the fragmentation of a solid includes the techniques of dry grinding, wet grinding and grinding by vibrating bales.
- Mechanical pretreatment can also include high pressures and / or high temperatures (steam explosion). In some representations of the pretreatment step, said step can combine mechanical and chemical pretreatment.
- biological pretreatment refers to all biological treatments which allow the separation and / or release of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin from material containing lignocellulose.
- Biological pretreatments may involve the application of microorganisms capable of solubilizing lignin (see, for example, Hsu, 1996, Pretreatment of biomass, in the Handbook on Bioethanol: Production and Utilization, Wyman, ed., Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC, 179-212; Ghosh and Singh, 1993, Physicochemical and biological treatments for enzymatic / microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, Adv. Appl. Microbiol.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, comprising a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 1 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID N ° 2 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 40% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID N ° 1 or SEQ ID N ° 2, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 45% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 1 or SEQ ID N ° 2, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 60% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID N ° 1 or SEQ ID N ° 2, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 80% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No. 1 or SEQ ID No. 2, the said BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less .
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 90% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID N ° 1 or SEQ ID N ° 2, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to one of said isolated polypeptides with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID N ° 5 to SEQ ID N ° 383, which includes SEQ ID N ° 7 to 382 and SEQ ID N ° 383.
- the invention relates to one of said isolated polypeptides with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 80% with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID N ° 5 to SEQ ID N ° 383, which includes SEQ ID N ° 7 to 382 and SEQ ID N ° 383.
- the invention relates to one of said isolated polypeptides with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 90% with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID N ° 5 to SEQ ID N ° 383, which includes SEQ ID N ° 7 to 382 and SEQ ID N ° 383.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a reference polypeptide sequence chosen from SEQ ID No. 5 to SEQ ID No. 382 and SEQ ID # 383.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a Reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No 5 or SEQ ID No 6, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 40% with a Reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No 5 or SEQ ID No 6, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 45% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID N ° 6, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 60% with a Reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No 5 or SEQ ID No 6, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 80% with a Reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No 5 or SEQ ID No 6, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 90% with a Reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No 5 or SEQ ID No 6, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity, characterized in that it comprises a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity as defined above.
- the invention relates to a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity as defined above, characterized in that it also comprises at least a polypeptide with polysaccharide-degradase activity chosen from: a cellulase, a hemicellulase, a ligninase and a carbohydrate oxidase.
- composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be characterized in that it is capable of being obtained from one or more organisms chosen from: Agaricus bisporus, Alternaria alternata, Amanita thiersii, Armillaria ostoyae, Armillaria solidipes, Ascochyta rabiei, Aspergillus arachidicola, Aspergillus bombycis, Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus campestris, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus cristatus, Aspergillus fischeri, Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus , Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus nom
- composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be characterized in that it is capable of being obtained from one or more organisms of the bacteria, fungus (for example filamentous fungi) or yeast type, chosen from genera: Escherichia, Lactococcus, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, Phanerochaete, Achlya, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Cephalosporium, Chrysosporium, Cochliobolus, Endothia, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Humicola, Hypocrea, Myceliophthora, Mucoria Pyropia Trichoderma, Podospora, Pycnoporus, Fusarium, Thermonospora especially Aspergillus or Trichoderma or Podospora, preferably Aspergillus or Podospora.
- fungus for example filamentous fungi
- yeast type chosen from genera: Escherichi
- composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be characterized in that it is capable of being obtained from one or more organisms of the fungus or yeast type, chosen from the genera: Achlya, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Cephalosporium, Chrysosporium, Cochliobolus, Endothia, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Humicola, Hypocrea, Myceliophthora, Mucor, Neurospora, Penicillium, Pyricularia, Thielavia, Tolypocladium, Trichoderma, Podospora, Pycnoporus, Asparium or Aspmonospora or Thermonospora or Aspmonospora or Podospora.
- said composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be characterized in that it is capable of being obtained from Aspergillus japonicus.
- a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention can also be obtained recombinantly.
- composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be characterized in that said polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity is obtained recombinantly.
- a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention only comprises a polypeptide (or “enzyme”) with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention, ie a polypeptide having a sequence having an amino acid identity at least 20% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No. 1 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID No. 2 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method, the so-called BLAST-P comparison giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention comprises a plurality of polypeptides with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention, ie more than one polypeptide having a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID N ° 1 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID N ° 2 (from of Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 polypeptides with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention.
- a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention further comprises at least one other polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity; in particular chosen from the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases, which includes the polypeptides belonging to the LPMO groups AA9, AA10, AA11, AA13 and AAl4.
- a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention can be used as a composition for degrading a polysaccharide substrate, such as lignocellulosic biomasses.
- composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be used as an auxiliary composition in combination with one or more polypeptides with polysaccharide degradase activity.
- a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention can be used in the form of a kit.
- such a kit can comprise a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity or a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention; and on the other hand, a polypeptide with polysaccharide-degradase activity or a composition comprising said polypeptide with polysaccharide-degradase activity.
- the invention also relates to a kit comprising at least:
- a first part comprising a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention, or a composition comprising said polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity;
- kits can, in particular, correspond to kits for:
- the invention relates to a host capable of recombinantly expressing a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention.
- Said host can in particular be a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.
- said host is a yeast or a bacterium or a fungus, for example a filamentous fungus.
- a "host” can in particular be a yeast chosen from a group comprising: Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Candida, Pichia,
- yeasts can be chosen from: S. cerevisiae, S. bulderi, S. barnetti, S. exiguus, S. uvarum, S. diastaticus, K. lactis, K. marxianus, or K. fragilis.
- the yeast is chosen from: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizzosaccharomyces pombe, Issatchenkia orientalis, Candida albicans, Candida mexicana, Pichia pastoris, Pichia mississippiensis, Pichia mexicana, Pichia stipitis, Pichia farinosa, Clavispora opuntiait Clavidae , Hansenula polymorpha, Phaffia rhodozyma, Candida utilis, Arxula adeninivorans, Debaryomyces hansenii, Debaryomyces polymorphus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Hansenula polymorpha, and Schwanniomyces occidentalis.
- a “host” can in particular be a bacterium chosen from a group comprising: Escherichia, Lactococcus, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas.
- a "host” can in particular be a fungus chosen from a group comprising: Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Podospora, Myceliophthora, Chrysosporium, Neurospora, Fusarium, Phanerochaete, Penicillium.
- said host is a yeast.
- the invention also relates to an isolated nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention.
- nucleic acid allowing the expression of a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be introduced into the genome of a host (ie yeast) of interest, or also introduced as a non-integrated vector. according to genetic engineering techniques known in the field.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity; comprising a step of culturing a host capable of expressing a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention.
- the invention relates to vectors including a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention.
- Said vectors i.e. plasmids or YAC
- plasmids or YAC are in particular expression vectors capable of directing the expression of a given gene, and associated with an operon.
- the invention therefore also relates to a process for the production of a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity; consists in:
- polypeptides with polysaccharide oxidase activity can be used both in processes for obtaining a sugar from a substrate polysaccharide, fermentation and alcohol production processes from a lignocellulosic substrate.
- a pre-treatment of the polysaccharide substrate i.e. lignocellulosic biomass
- to break the structure of the lignocellulosic wall by liquefying certain components and by reducing the crystallinity of the cellulose.
- enzymes are secreted by a variety of cellulolytic, aerobic or anaerobic, mesophilic or thermophilic organisms, belonging in particular to the genera Clostridium, Thermomonospora, Cellulomonas, Bacteriodes or Streptomyces for bacteria, and Phanerochaete, Trichoderma, Aspergillus or Penicillium for filamentous fungi .
- This fermentation step is notably implemented by microorganisms such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is the microorganism the most used in industry thanks to its high yields and low sensitivity to inhibitors.
- microorganisms such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is the microorganism the most used in industry thanks to its high yields and low sensitivity to inhibitors.
- it is naturally not able to use the pentoses produced during the enzymatic hydrolysis.
- modified strains capable of fermenting sugars such as xylose or arabinose have been developed.
- these steps can be carried out separately, or even simultaneously.
- these different steps can be carried out separately, as is the case in a process noted SHF (“Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation”) where enzymes and yeasts can be used each in their optimal conditions. It is also possible to carry out these steps simultaneously, by a process that is called SSCF (“Simultaneous Saccharification and Co-Fermentation”).
- CBP Consolidated Bioprocessing
- polypeptides with polyssaccharide oxidase activity are particularly advantageous in the context of a step of hydrolysis of polysaccharide substrates.
- the invention relates to a process for obtaining a sugar from a polysaccharide substrate, comprising at least one step of bringing said substrate into contact with a polypeptide with polysaccharide activity- oxidase, comprising a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No. 1 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID No. 2 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method, said BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less, or of a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity comprising said polypeptide.
- the invention relates to a process for obtaining a sugar from a polysaccharide substrate, comprising at least one step of bringing said substrate into contact with a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, comprising a sequence having a amino acid identity of at least 20% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No 5 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID No 6 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method , the said BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less, or of a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity comprising the said polypeptide.
- the invention relates to a process for obtaining a sugar from a polysaccharide substrate, comprising the steps of:
- a) have a polysaccharide substrate
- polysaccharide substrate into contact with a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, comprising a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 1 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID N ° 2 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less, or of a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity comprising said polypeptide;
- step c) collect the said sugar obtained at the end of step b).
- the invention relates to a process for obtaining a sugar from a polysaccharide substrate, comprising the steps of:
- a) have a polysaccharide substrate
- polysaccharide substrate into contact with a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, comprising a sequence having an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a polypeptide sequence of reference SEQ ID No. 5 (from Podospora anserina) or SEQ ID N ° 6 (from Aspergillus aculeatus), using a BLAST-P comparison method, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less, or d a composition with polysaccharide oxidase activity comprising said polypeptide;
- step c) collect the said sugar obtained at the end of step b).
- the invention relates to a process for obtaining a sugar as defined above, characterized in that said substrate is a lignocellulosic substrate, and very particularly a lignocellulosic biomass.
- the invention relates to a process for preparing a fermentation product from a polysaccharide substrate, characterized in that it comprises obtaining a sugar by a process as defined below - Above, and the fermentation of said sugar so as to obtain a fermentation product.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a fermentation product from a polysaccharide substrate, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the invention relates to a process for preparing a fermentation product from a polysaccharide substrate, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the invention relates to a process for the production of alcohol from a lignocellulosic substrate, characterized in that it comprises obtaining a sugar by a process as defined above, and the alcoholic fermentation of said sugar by an alcohol-producing microorganism.
- the fermentation product is preferably butanol, ethanol, isopropanol or one of their mixtures.
- the alcoholic fermentation product considered is ethanol.
- a fermentation process and / or production of alcohol according to the invention is a process for the production of butanol, ethanol, isopropanol or a mixture thereof.
- the invention relates to a process for the production of alcohol from a lignocellulosic substrate, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the invention relates to a process for the production of alcohol from a lignocellulosic substrate, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- nanocelluloses Different forms of cellulose have been identified with a dimension of the order of a nanometer, designated under the generic name of "nanocelluloses".
- nanocelluloses The notably mechanical properties of cellulose fibers, including these nanocelluloses, their capacity to form films and their viscosity, also give them major interest in many industrial fields.
- Several pretreatment strategies for cellulose fibers have been developed to reduce the energy consumption required for their mechanical delamination.
- the methods defined below relate to obtaining cellulose fibers from a cellulosic substrate. They involve the implementation of a polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a cellulosic substrate for the manufacture of cellulose fibers, which process comprises at least the following steps consisting in:
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a cellulosic substrate for the manufacture of cellulose fibers, which process comprises at least the following steps consisting in:
- a) have a cellulosic substrate capable of forming cellulose fibers; b) bringing said substrate into contact, in the presence of an electron donor, with at least one polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity, under conditions suitable for ensuring oxidative cleavage of said cellulose fibers;
- polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity has an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No 5 or SEQ ID No 6, using a BLAST comparison method -P, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to a process for defibrillation of a cellulosic substrate, which process comprises at least the following steps consisting in:
- the invention relates to a method of defibrillation of a cellulosic substrate, which method comprises at least the following steps consisting in:
- polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity has an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No 5 or SEQ ID No 6, using a BLAST comparison method -P, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to a process for manufacturing cellulose fibers, which process comprises at least the following steps consisting in:
- a) have a cellulosic substrate capable of forming cellulose fibers; b) bringing said cellulosic substrate into contact with at least one polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity in the presence of an electron donor under conditions capable of ensuring oxidative cleavage of said cellulose fibers;
- polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity has an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No 1 or SEQ ID No 2, using a BLAST comparison method -P, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- the invention relates to a process for manufacturing cellulose fibers, which process comprises at least the following steps consisting in:
- polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity has an amino acid identity of at least 20% with a reference polypeptide sequence SEQ ID No 5 or SEQ ID No 6, using a BLAST comparison method -P, the so-called BLAST-P comparison method giving an e-value of 18 or less.
- Said polypeptide with polysaccharide oxidase activity according to the invention is mixed with the cellulosic substrate, so as to allow contact between said polypeptide and the cellulose fibers.
- the enzymatic treatment step is preferably carried out with gentle stirring, so as to ensure good dispersion of the enzymes within the fibers.
- This enzymatic treatment step is for example implemented for a period ranging from 24 to 72 hours (preferably 48 hours).
- the enzymatic treatment step is carried out at a temperature ranging from 30 to 50 ° C., in particular from 30 to 45 ° C.
- the pH of the reaction conditions of the enzyme in contact with the cellulosic substrate is generally between 3 and 7, which includes between 4 and 7, and in particular between 4 and 6.
- the said polypeptide can be added to the cellulosic substrate in an enzyme / cellulose ratio (or ratio) ranging from 1: 1,000 to 1: 50, in particular from 1: 500 to 1: 50 or from 1: 100 to 1: 50 or from 1: 1000 to 1: 500, from 1: 500 to 1: 100.
- said polypeptide is used at a concentration ranging from 0.001 to 10 g / L, in particular from 0.1 to 5 g / L, and more preferably from 0.5 to 5 g / L.
- the cellulosic substrate is subjected to at least two (or even only two) successive enzymatic treatment steps (in series, advantageously separated by a rinsing step).
- polypeptide (s) used during each of these enzymatic treatment steps are identical or different; conditions (including the ratio enzyme / substrate) are the same or different between these successive steps.
- tests for the cleavage of cellulose by a polypeptide according to the invention can be carried out according to the following protocol:
- a cleavage test can be carried out in a volume of 300 m ⁇ of liquid containing 4.4 mM of LPMO enzyme and 1 mM of ascorbate and 0.1% (weight / volume) of cellulose powder swollen with phosphoric acid (PASC phosphoric acid-swoller cellulose - prepared as described in Wood TM, Methods Enzym 1988, 160: 19-25) in 50 mM of sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.8 or 5 mM of cello-oligosaccharides ( Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland) in 10 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.8.
- PASC phosphoric acid-swoller cellulose - prepared as described in Wood TM, Methods Enzym 1988, 160: 19-25 in 50 mM of sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.8 or 5 mM of cello-oligosaccharides ( Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland) in 10 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.8.
- the enzymatic reaction can be carried out in a 2 ml tube incubated in a thermomixer (Eppendorf, Montesson, France) at 50 ° C and 580 rpm (rotation per minute).
- the fibers are brought into contact with enzymes (at a concentration between 1 and 5 g / L and according to enzyme / cellulose ratios of 1: 50, 1: 100, 1: 500 and 1: 1000) and ascorbate (2 mM) then subjected to gentle stirring for 48 hours at 40 ° C.
- enzymes at a concentration between 1 and 5 g / L and according to enzyme / cellulose ratios of 1: 50, 1: 100, 1: 500 and 1: 1000
- ascorbate 2 mM
- the sample After 16 h of incubation, the sample is brought to 100 ° C for 10 minutes in order to stop the enzymatic reaction, then centrifuged at 16,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 15 minutes at 4 ° C in order to separate the solution fraction. of the remaining insoluble fraction.
- the treated fibers are then subjected to a mechanical action with a homogenizer-disperser (Ultra-Turrax power 500 W, maximum speed for 3 minutes), followed by ultrasonic treatment for 3 minutes.
- a homogenizer-disperser Ultra-Turrax power 500 W, maximum speed for 3 minutes
- said processes are characterized in that the cellulose fibers obtained at the end of the process are cellulose nanofibrils.
- said methods are characterized in that the electron donor is chosen from ascorbate, gallate, catechol, reduced glutathione, lignin fragments and fungal carbohydrate dehydrogenases; and preferably ascorbate.
- said processes are characterized in that the cellulosic substrate is obtained from wood, a fibrous plant rich in cellulose, beetroot, citrus fruits, annual straw plants, animals marine, algae, fungus or bacteria.
- said processes are characterized in that the cellulosic substrate is chosen from chemical pulp, preferably pulp from chemical wood, more preferably at least one of the following pulp: pulps bleached, semi-bleached pasta, unbleached pasta, bisulfite pasta, sulphate pasta, soda pasta, kraft pasta.
- said processes are characterized in that the cellulosic substrate is a paper pulp derived from wood, annual plants or fiber plants.
- said methods are characterized, in that said at least one step of mechanical treatment comprises at least one of the following mechanical treatments:
- said methods are characterized in that, following said mechanical treatment step, said method comprises a post treatment step chosen from: an acid treatment, an enzymatic treatment, an oxidation, an acetylation, a silylation, or else a derivatization of chemical groups carried by said cellulose fibers.
- the invention relates to cellulose fibers resulting from a defibrillation process and / or from a process for manufacturing cellulose fibers as defined above.
- Said cellulose fibers can be characterized in that said cellulose fibers, preferably nanocellulose fibers, contain glucose cycles of which at least one carbon atom is oxidized in position (s) Ci and / or C 4 , or also also CY ,. According to a preferred embodiment, the cellulose fibers are cellulose nanofibrils.
- the cellulosic substrate brought into contact with said enzyme is then subjected to at least one mechanical treatment step which is intended to delaminate the cellulose fibers in order to obtain the nanocelluloses.
- Delamination also called “fibrillation” or “defibrillation” consists in separating, by a mechanical phenomenon, the cellulose fibers within the cellulosic substrate, in particular for the manufacture of nanocelluloses.
- the oxidative cleavage of the cellulose fibers facilitates the delamination of these cellulose fibers during the mechanical treatment step.
- This step of mechanical delamination of the cellulose fibers can then be carried out under less drastic conditions and therefore less costly in energy.
- a mechanical treatment can be chosen from mechanical treatments for homogenization, micro-fluidization, abrasion, or cryogrinding.
- the homogenization treatment involves passing the pretreated cellulosic substrate, typically a cellulose pulp or a liquid cellulose suspension, through a narrow space under high pressure (as described for example in US Pat. No. 4,486,743).
- This homogenization treatment is preferably carried out by means of a Gaulin-type homogenizer.
- the pretreated cellulosic substrate typically in the form of a cellulose suspension
- the pretreated cellulosic substrate is pumped at high pressure and distributed through an automatic valve with a small orifice.
- a rapid succession of valve openings and closings subjects the fibers to a significant pressure drop (generally at least 20 MPa) and to a shearing action at high speed followed by a deceleration impact at high speed.
- the passage of the substrate through the orifice is repeated (generally 8 to 10 times) until the cellulose suspension becomes stable.
- cooling water is generally used.
- This homogenization treatment can also be implemented using a device of the micro fluidizer type (see for example Sisqueira et al. Polymer 2010 2 (4): 728-65).
- the cellulose suspension passes through a fine chamber typically in the form of a "z" (the dimensions of the channel of which are generally between 200 and 400 ⁇ m) under high pressure (approximately 2070 bars).
- the high shear rate which is applied (generally greater than l0 7 .s _1 ) makes it possible to obtain very fine nanofibrils.
- a variable number of passages for example from 2 to 30, in particular from 10 to 30 or from 5 to 25, and in particular from 5 to 20
- chambers of different sizes can be used, to increase the degree of fibrillation.
- the abrasion or grinding treatment (see for example Iwamoto Set al., 2007 Applied Physics A89 (2): 46l-66) is based on the use of a grinding device capable of exerting shear forces provided by grinding stones.
- the pretreated cellulosic substrate generally in the form of a cellulose pulp, is passed between a static grinding stone and a rotating grinding stone, typically at a speed of the order of 1500 rotations per minute (rpm). Several passages (generally between 2 and 5) may be necessary to obtain nanometric-sized fibrils.
- a mixer type device (for example as described in Unetani K et al., B io macro molecules 2011, 12 (2), pp. 348-53) can also be used to produce microfibrils from the pretreated cellulosic substrate, for example from a suspension of wood fibers.
- the cryogenic grinding treatment (Dufresne et al., 1997, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 64 (6): 1185-94) consists in grinding a suspension of pretreated cellulosic substrate previously frozen with liquid nitrogen. The ice crystals formed inside the cells explode cell membranes and release wall fragments. These processes are generally used for the production of cellulose microfibrils from agricultural products, or residues.
- the defibrillation and / or manufacturing process of cellulose fibers comprises at least one step of post-treatment of the cellulosic substrate, implemented after said substrate has been subjected to mechanical treatment.
- said at least one post-treatment step aims to increase the degree of fibrillation of the celluloses (in particular nanocelluloses) obtained and / or to confer on said nanocelluloses new mechanical properties, depending on the applications envisaged.
- Said at least one post-treatment step can in particular be chosen from an acid treatment, an enzymatic treatment, an oxidation, an acetylation, a silylation, or even a derivatization of certain chemical groups carried by the microfibrils.
- Example 1 Fungal strains and culture conditions
- the Aspergillus japonicus strain used in this study is maintained in the collection of the International Center for Microbial Resources - Filamentous Mushrooms (CIRM-CF, INRA, Marseille, France) under the accession number CIRM BRFM. It was cultured on MYA2 agar medium, containing 20 g / l of malt extract, 20 g / l of agar and 1 g / l of yeast extract. The spores were harvested and stored at -80 ° C in 20% glycerol and 80% water.
- Liquid culture media containing an autoclaved fraction of corn bran or beet pulp (supplied by ARD, Pomacle, Lrance) as carbon source and protein secretory inducer were prepared as follows: 15 g / l of inductor; 2.5 g / l maltose; 1.84 g / l of ammonium tartrate as a source of nitrogen; 0.5 g / l yeast extract; 0.2 g / L KH2PO4; 0.0132 g / L of CaCl2.2H20 and 0.5 g / L of MgSO4.7H20.
- Another inducing medium was prepared using 4 g / l of Avicel (Sigma-Aldrich, USA); 10 g / l xylose; 1.8 g / l of ammonium tartrate; 0.5 g / l yeast extract; 0.2 g / l KH2PO4; 0.0132 g / L of CaCl2.2H20 and 0.5 g / L of MgSO4.7H20.
- the three culture media were inoculated with 2 ⁇ 10 5 spores / ml of the five strains, and incubated in baffled flasks in the dark at 30 ° C. with rotary shaking at 105 rpm (Infors HT, Switzerland).
- the secretomes were stored at -20 ° C, and their total protein concentration was evaluated by the methods of Bradford (Bio-Rad Protein Assay, Ivry, Lrance) and BCA (Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay, Sigma-Aldrich) in using a standard range of bovine serum albumin (BSA).
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- the selected protein sequences from which the predicted sequences of the native signal peptides were removed, were used to generate coding nucleotide sequences optimized for expression in P. pastoris.
- the complete synthesis of the genes was carried out (Genewiz, USA) and they were cloned into the expression vector pPICZaA (Invitrogen), so as to be in phase with the signal sequence used (that of the y factor a) and with the sequence coding for the C-terminal poly-histidine label.
- the plasmids were amplified via a transformation of DH5a competent cells of Escherichia coli, then purified using a HiSpeed Plasmid Midi kit (Qiagen, The Netherlands), linearized by the restriction enzyme Pme I and transformed into Pichia pastoris X-33 cells (Invitrogen) by electroporation.
- the transformants were isolated on an agar medium containing zeocin (100 and 500 mg / L).
- the transformants with the best secretion rate were cultured in 2 L of BMGY medium containing 1 mL / L of PTM4 salts (. Pichia Trace Minerais 4), 0.2 g / L of biotin in flasks at 30 ° C and 250 rpm for approximately 16 h, until reaching an optical density at 600 nm of between 2 and 6.
- the expression of the proteins was induced by incubating the cells in 400 ml of BMMY medium containing 1 mL / L of PTM4 salts at 20 ° C and 200 rpm for 3 days, during which medium was supplemented with 3% methanol (vol / vol) each day.
- the supernatants were collected by centrifugation (4000xg, 4 ° C, 10 min) and filtered through 0.45 ⁇ m membranes (Millipore) to remove the remaining cells.
- a His-Bind Resin chelated nickel column (1.9 cm3; GE Healthcare, UK) was connected to an ⁇ kta FPLC device (GE Healthcare) and equilibrated with 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.8), 50 mM NaCl and 10 mM imidazole. After adjusting the pH to 7.8, the supernatants were loaded onto the column at 4 ° C.
- the column was washed with equilibration buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.8, 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM imidazole) and the enzymes were eluted with the same buffer containing 150 mM imidazole.
- the eluates were concentrated using Amicon centrifugation units (cutoff threshold 10 kDa; Millipore) at 4000 ⁇ g and washed several times with 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5).
- Example 4 Tests of degradation of the cellulose in the presence of polypeptides according to the invention:
- the degradation tests of the cellulose by the polypeptides with polysaccharide oxidase activity were carried out in triplicates, in a volume of 300 pL containing 1% (m / v) of Avicel (Sigma-Aldrich) or PASC (Phosphoric Acid Swollen Cellulose), prepared from Avicel according to the method described by Wood ("Preparation of crystalline, amorphous, and dyed cellulase substrates. In Methods in Enzymology, (Academie Press), pp. 19-25) in 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 6.
- the LPMOs 0.5 to 5 mM
- the electron donor L-cysteine or ascorbate, 10 mM to 1 mM
- H 2 O 2 100 mM
- the reaction was stopped by scalding the samples at 100 ° C for at least 10 min, then they were centrifuged at 15000xg for 5 min to separate the soluble products from the insoluble fraction.
- a reaction mixture with a total volume of 800 pL containing 1% (m / v) of nanofibrils of cellulose in 50 mM acetate buffer pH 5.2, as well as 8 ⁇ g of LPMO and 1 mM of ascorbate was incubated in a thermomixer (Eppendorf) at 50 ° C. and 850 rpm, for 16 h.
- the samples (in triplicate) were scalded at 100 ° C for at least 10 min, then centrifuged at 15000xg for 5 min.
- the mono and oligosaccharides resulting from the degradation of the cellulose substrates were detected by HPAEC-PAD (Dionex, Thermo Lisher Scientif ⁇ c), according to the method described by Westereng et al. (2013), using non-oxidized cello-oligosaccharides (DP2 to DP6) as standards (Megazyme, Ireland).
- the pre-treated wheat straw, miscanthus and poplar were obtained from ILP Energys organisms (Rueil-Malmaison, Lrance).
- the biomass was pretreated by steam explosion under acidic conditions, washed with hot water to remove the free products, and dried at 55 ° C. After one week at room temperature, they were crushed and sieved in order to retain only the particles of size less than 0.8 mm, and their water content (% m / m) was determined by drying at 105 ° C. natural convection oven (VWR, USA).
- the so-called “K975” cocktail consists of the secretome of the CL847 strain of Trichoderma reesei, produced in the presence of lactose according to the protocol detailed in Herpo ⁇ l-Gimbert et al. (Comparative secretome analyzes oftwo Trichoderma reesei RUT- C30 and CL847 hypersecretory strains, Biotechnology for Bio fuels 2008, 1: 18), and whose specific b-glucosidase activity is 0.8 IU / mg. ) li was supplemented by a commercial cocktail of Aspergillus niger SP 188 b-glucosidases (Novozyme, Denmark).
- the enzymatic hydrolysis in 2 ml tubes were carried out in triplicates in a reaction volume of 1 ml, in the presence of wheat straw, miscanthus or poplar (50 mg of dry biomass), in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer ( pH 4.8) to which chloramphenicol (0.1 g / F) has been added to avoid microbial contamination. This mixture was incubated for at least 1 hour at 45 ° C.
- the K975 cocktail was added at a rate of 5 mg / g of dry matter (DM), and the cocktail SP 188 in amounts making it possible to obtain a total b-glucosidase activity of 80 IU / g DM.
- the miniaturized enzymatic hydrolyses were carried out in 96-well microplates, in which 100 pF of 6.3% (w / v) biomass suspension were distributed in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.8) in the presence chloramphenicol (0.1 g / L). During the distribution, the biomass suspension was removed using a multichannel pipette in a beaker with constant magnetic stirring, then the plates were sealed and stored at -20 ° C.
- the enzymes were distributed using a Tecan Genesis Evo 200 robot (Tecan, Lyon, France): the K975 and SP 188 cocktails were distributed in the quantities indicated above, in a volume 15 pF, then 10 pL of diluted 10x secretomes were added (or 10 pL of buffer under reference conditions, present on each plate).
- Each test was carried out in septuplicates, to which is added a control well containing the enzymes alone (without biomass); a column of each plate was devoted to the control conditions containing the biomass alone (without enzymes).
- the sealed plates were incubated at 45 ° C with rotary shaking at 850 rpm (Infors), for 24 to 96 hours.
- the corresponding plates were centrifuged after adding 120 ⁇ L of buffer, then the supernatant was filtered and stored at -20 ° C.
- the glucose concentration in the samples was measured using the Glucose GOD-PAP reagent (Biolabo, Maizy, France) using a standard range of glucose, and yields were calculated taking into account the amount of cellulosic glucose initially present.
- Glucose GOD-PAP reagent Biolabo, Maizy, France
- yields obtained in the presence of secretomes were translated into percentage improvement compared to the internal reference of each hydrolysis.
- a Student's t-test was performed for each condition to determine if the mean of the results was statistically different from the mean of the references, using the value of the p-value as a criterion.
- the T. reesei cellulolytic cocktail used comes from the strain CL847, cultivated in the presence of lactose; this having a fairly weak b-glucosidase activity, a commercial preparation of A. b-glucosidases. niger (SP188, Novozyme) has been added in excess, to ensure that potential performance improvements during supplementation are not due to a simple increase in b-glucosidase activity.
- This reference cocktail was used to carry out the hydrolysis of the three selected biomasses, with a relatively high biomass concentration (5% m / v) in order to approach realistic conditions from the point of view of the process, and a dose of weak enzyme (5 mg / g of dry matter), corresponding for industry to conditions making it possible to reduce costs, and for which the margin for improvement of the hydrolysis yields is high.
- the reference cocktail was then supplemented with the different Aspergillus secretomes.
- Aspergillus secretomes were added, according to the protocol established in Berrin et al. ("Exploring the Natural Fungal Biodiversity of Tropical and Temperate Forests toward improvement of Biomass Conversion. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78, 6483-6490, 2012).
- the amount of protein added is not the same in all the samples, but it reflects the initial proportions of proteins secreted by the fungal strains on each culture medium.
- the saccharification tests were miniaturized in microplates and automated using a Tecan robot, according to a method already developed in Navarro et al. ("Automated assay for screening the enzymatic release of reducing sugars from micronized biomass. Microb. Cell Factories 9, 58, 2010).
- the biomass is finely ground and a sufficiently homogeneous suspension is produced to be able to be pipetted into microplates, before adding a reference cocktail and various secretomes.
- Each test has 7 replicates. Data from three series of hydrolysis (one in tubes and two in microplates) were statistically processed using a Student test.
- Example 8 Saccharification tests of biomass in the presence of polypeptides with polysaccharide oxidase activity:
- the tests for supplementing the T. reesei cocktail with the polypeptides for the saccharification of miscanthus were carried out in triplicates according to the enzymatic hydrolysis method described above, using 5 mg of biomass, 1 mg / g DM of cocktail K975 and 80 IU / g MS of b-glucosidase provided by the cocktail SP 188, for 24 h at 45 ° C and 850 rpm.
- treatment with LPMO (2.2 mM) in the presence of 1 mM ascorbate was carried out for 24 hours before the start of hydrolysis; in the other part, the LPMO and ascorbate were added at the beginning of the hydrolysis, together with the cellulolytic cocktail.
- the polypeptides were not added. After 24 h, the reaction was stopped and the glucose concentration in the samples was measured using the reagent Glucose GOD-POD (Biolabo).
- Example 9 Selection and Production of Fungal Proteins of Interest
- the yeast Pichia pastoris using synthetic genes placed in a vector.
- Several versions of the Aspergillus aculeatus sequence have been expressed (with the X273 N-terminal module alone, with a truncated C-terminal extension, and with the full C-terminal extension), as well as a similar protein comprising an extension Very short C-terminal, found in Podospora anserina (PaX273).
- each of the constructs tested begins with a signal peptide, followed by the n-terminal histidine involved in the catalytic triad, and ends at a variable terminal position.
- the reference polypeptide sequence is SEQ ID No. 2.
- the reference polypeptide sequence is SEQ ID No. 1.
- Table 2 Polypeptide sequences chosen for expression in Pichia pastoris.
- SEQ ID N ° 1 and 2 In addition to SEQ ID N ° 1 and 2, one thus arrives at a refined list of loan of 379 polypeptide sequences (SEQ ID N ° 7 to 383), coming from fungal organisms, and mainly ascomycetes: 335 sequences, against 41 coming of basidiomycetes and 3 of unclassified fungi.
- the consensus amino acids are represented graphically in FIG. 3, after alignment of the 378 catalytic modules corresponding to the protein sequences SEQ ID Nos. 1, 2 and 7 to 382.
- the figure is generated by the WebLogo application, according to Crooks et al. (WebLogo: A Sequence Logo Generator. Genome Res. 14, 1188-1190; 2004).
- the alignment of the sequences corresponding to the X273 module reveals several regions that are well conserved within the family. All the sequences include in particular an N-terminal histidine, as well as a second strictly conserved histidine, which is a characteristic of the active center (“Histidine brace”) of all the LPMOs characterized so far. There are around 20 other strictly preserved residues, including 6 cysteines potentially involved in the formation of disulfide bridges.
- most of the proteins on the list have a C-terminal extension, more or less long depending on the species. For 7 of them, found in 4 different organisms, this extension includes a cellulose binding module (CBM1).
- CBM1 cellulose binding module
- the two secretomes containing X273 having shown an improvement in hydrolysis on the pretreated miscanthus, it is this biomass which was chosen to carry out the saccharification tests. In order to facilitate homogenization, a lower proportion of biomass was used than previously (0.5% m / v), and the dose of enzyme of the reference cocktail was also reduced (1 mg / g of dry matter ). A dose of X273 of 0.2 mg / g of dry matter was added. Two types of hydrolysis were carried out:
- Example 11 Pre-treatment of PASC cellulosic substrate in the presence of a selection of enzymes belonging to the X273 family.
- sequence SEQ ID No. 2 improves the accessibility of cellulose to cellulases, by compared to a simple PASC treatment, by improving the cellobiose released after treatment with a T. reesei cellulase (synergistic effect).
- sequence SEQ ID No 383 has at least 40% of sequence identity with SEQ ID No 1 and SEQ ID No 2.
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| CA3104903A CA3104903A1 (fr) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Polypeptides et compositions a activite polysaccharide oxydase lytique |
| US17/257,168 US20240254520A1 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Polypeptides and compositions with lytic polysaccharide oxidase activity |
| CN201980057447.3A CN112639085A (zh) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | 具有裂解多糖氧化酶活性的多肽和组合物 |
| BR112020027068-7A BR112020027068A2 (pt) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Polipeptídeos e composições com atividade de oxidase lítica de polissacarídeo |
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| EP3141609A1 (fr) * | 2008-12-19 | 2017-03-15 | Novozymes, Inc. | Procédés destinés a augmenter l'hydrolyse de matériaux cellulosiques en présence de la cellobiose déhydrogénase |
| WO2014081700A1 (fr) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-30 | Codexis, Inc. | Polypeptides fongiques recombinants |
| EP3198001B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-23 | 2021-08-11 | Novozymes A/S | Procédés de production d'éthanol et organismes de fermentation |
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| CN112639085A (zh) | 2021-04-09 |
| CA3104903A1 (fr) | 2020-01-09 |
| US20240254520A1 (en) | 2024-08-01 |
| FR3083247A1 (fr) | 2020-01-03 |
| EP3818152A2 (fr) | 2021-05-12 |
| BR112020027068A2 (pt) | 2021-04-06 |
| WO2020007880A3 (fr) | 2020-08-27 |
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