WO2020143174A1 - 动力电池包及电动车 - Google Patents

动力电池包及电动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020143174A1
WO2020143174A1 PCT/CN2019/092390 CN2019092390W WO2020143174A1 WO 2020143174 A1 WO2020143174 A1 WO 2020143174A1 CN 2019092390 W CN2019092390 W CN 2019092390W WO 2020143174 A1 WO2020143174 A1 WO 2020143174A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
power battery
battery
unit
length
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/092390
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何龙
孙华军
江文锋
鲁志佩
郑卫鑫
唐江龙
朱燕
王信月
何科峰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BYD Co Ltd
Original Assignee
BYD Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to KR1020247029140A priority Critical patent/KR102928997B1/ko
Priority to KR1020247029142A priority patent/KR102928999B1/ko
Priority to KR1020247029141A priority patent/KR102928998B1/ko
Priority to JP2021540054A priority patent/JP7410155B2/ja
Priority to KR1020217024695A priority patent/KR102704153B1/ko
Priority to EP19908498.9A priority patent/EP3907846A4/en
Priority to US17/421,875 priority patent/US11955651B2/en
Priority to EP23220823.1A priority patent/EP4329056A3/en
Priority to EP23220824.9A priority patent/EP4329057A3/en
Priority to KR1020267004701A priority patent/KR20260034683A/ko
Application filed by BYD Co Ltd filed Critical BYD Co Ltd
Priority to EP23220825.6A priority patent/EP4329058A3/en
Publication of WO2020143174A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020143174A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to JP2023144986A priority patent/JP7688678B2/ja
Priority to JP2023222047A priority patent/JP7810693B2/ja
Priority to JP2023222044A priority patent/JP7810692B2/ja
Priority to JP2023222043A priority patent/JP7810691B2/ja
Priority to US18/594,050 priority patent/US12300832B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
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    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
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    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular, to a power battery pack and an electric vehicle having the power battery pack.
  • the related art such as a power battery pack applied to an electric vehicle, mainly includes a package body and a plurality of battery modules installed in the package body, wherein each battery module is assembled from a plurality of single batteries.
  • the package body 200 ′′ of the power battery pack 10 ′ is divided into a mounting area of a plurality of battery modules 400 ′ by the cross beam 500 ′ and the longitudinal beam 600 ′; the battery module 400′ is fixed on the crossbeam 500′ or the longitudinal beam 600′ by screws or the like.
  • the battery module 400′ includes a plurality of single cells arranged in sequence, and the multiple single cells are arranged to form a battery array, which is provided outside the battery array End plate and/or side plate; generally contains both end plate and side plate, the end plate and side plate are fixed to enclose the space for accommodating the battery array.
  • the end plate and side plate are connected by screws, or by other connecting parts such as tie rods Connect to fix the battery array.
  • the battery module 400′ was fixed to the crossbeam 500′ or the longitudinal beam 600′ by screws and other structures, wasting space, and at the same time, the weight was increased due to the addition of screws and other connectors; in addition, the battery module The group 400' is designed by the cooperation of the end plate and the side plate.
  • the end plate and the side plate have a certain thickness and height, which wastes the space inside the package 200" and reduces the volume utilization rate of the package 200".
  • the ratio of the sum of the volume of the single cells in the package body 200" to the volume of the package body 200" in the above-mentioned power battery pack 10' in the prior art is about 50%, or even as low as 40%.
  • the power battery pack 10' provided by the above-mentioned prior art embodiments, the end plates and side plates of the battery module 400', and the connection and installation methods inside the power battery pack 10' are all used.
  • the utilization rate of the inner space of the package body 200" is reduced; the ratio of the volume of the single battery to the volume of the package body 200" in the power battery pack 10' is too low, which reduces the energy density of the power battery pack.
  • an object of the present application is to propose a power battery pack that has the advantages of high space utilization, high energy density, and strong endurance.
  • the present application also proposes an electric vehicle with the power battery pack.
  • An embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a power battery pack for powering the electric vehicle, including: a package body; a plurality of single batteries, a plurality of single battery devices Within the package; the single cell has a length L 0 , a width H 0 , and a thickness D 0 , where L 0 >H 0 ⁇ D 0 ;
  • the length direction of the single battery extends along the width direction or the length direction of the electric vehicle;
  • the length L 0 of the unit battery and the dimension W in the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle satisfy: 46% ⁇ L 0 /W ⁇ 76%; or;
  • the length L 0 of the unit battery and the dimension X in the length direction of the body of the electric vehicle satisfy: 40% ⁇ L 0 /X ⁇ 76%.
  • the power battery pack can make full use of the space of the vehicle body and the unit space of the vehicle body More single cells are arranged inside, that is, more energy providing structures are arranged in a unit space, thereby the energy density can be improved, thereby improving the endurance without expanding the occupied space.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a power battery pack in the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG 3 is a perspective view of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a unit battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement manner of battery modules of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement manner of battery modules of a power battery pack according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a structure in which a power battery pack body is formed in an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded view of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the G area in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a power battery pack according to the first alternative embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a power battery pack according to a second alternative embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a power battery pack according to a third alternative embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a power battery pack according to a fourth alternative embodiment of the present application.
  • 16 is a perspective view of a power battery pack according to a fifth alternative embodiment of the present application.
  • Power battery pack 10' package body 200", battery module 400', longitudinal beam 600', cross beam 500';
  • Cell 100 battery body 110, package 200, tray 210, upper cover 220, first side beam 201, second side beam 202, first end beam 203, second end beam 204, exhaust channel 222, inlet Air port 221,
  • the power battery pack has the advantages of high space utilization rate, large energy density, and strong endurance.
  • the power battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.
  • the power battery pack 10 includes a package body 200 and a plurality of unit batteries 100.
  • the power battery pack 10 is used to provide power for the electric vehicle 1, where the electric vehicle includes but is not limited to an electric car, an electric train, an electric bicycle, a golf cart; according to a specific embodiment of the present application, the power battery 10 is used to fix Electric car.
  • the plurality of unit batteries 100 are disposed in the package body 200, and the package body 200 can be understood as an outer case for accommodating the plurality of unit batteries 100, for example, may include a tray 210 and an upper cover 220, and the tray 210 and the upper cover 220 jointly define The accommodating spaces of the plurality of unit batteries 100 are provided on the tray 210 and sealed by the upper cover 220, that is, in the accommodation space formed by the tray 210 and the upper cover 220.
  • the length L 0 of the single battery and the width W of the body of the electric vehicle satisfy: 46% ⁇ L/W ⁇ 76%; or, the length L 0 of the single battery and the body of the electric vehicle
  • the dimension X in the longitudinal direction satisfies: 40% ⁇ L 0 /X ⁇ 76%.
  • the length L 0 of the unit battery and the dimension W in the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle satisfy: 46% ⁇ L 0 /W ⁇ 76%; in some other specific embodiments, when the length direction of the unit battery 100 extends along the length direction of the body of the electric vehicle, the length L 0 of the unit battery is equal to that of the body of the electric vehicle
  • the dimension X in the longitudinal direction satisfies: 40% ⁇ L 0 /X ⁇ 76%.
  • the width direction of the vehicle body refers to the left-right direction of the vehicle, and the dimension W in the width direction of the vehicle body refers to the width of the vehicle body; the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body refers to the traveling direction of the vehicle, and the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body
  • the dimension X refers to the body length.
  • the power battery pack 10 of the embodiment of the present application by defining the ratio of the length of the unit battery 100 to the dimension W in the width direction of the vehicle body, that is, 46% ⁇ L/W ⁇ 76%;
  • the length and the dimension X in the longitudinal direction of the body that is, 40% ⁇ L 0 /X ⁇ 76%, can make the power battery pack 10 make full use of the space of the body, and arrange more single cells 100 in the unit space of the body, that is By arranging more energy supply structures in the unit space, the energy density can be increased, thereby improving the endurance without expanding the occupied space.
  • the volume sum V1 of the plurality of single cells 100 and the volume V2 of the power battery pack 10 satisfy: V1/V2 ⁇ 55%; In the embodiment, the volume sum V1 of the plurality of single cells 100 and the volume V2 of the power battery pack 10 satisfy: V1/V2 ⁇ 60%; in some embodiments of the present application, the volume of the plurality of single cells 100 Sum V1 and the volume V2 of the power battery pack 10 satisfy: V1/V2 ⁇ 62%; in some embodiments of the present application, the sum of the volumes of the plurality of single cells 100 V1 and the volume V2 of the power battery pack 10 satisfy: V1 /V2 ⁇ 65%.
  • V2 is the overall volume of the three-dimensional shape defined by the outer contour of the power battery pack 10, that is, the volume including the internal space of the power battery pack 10, that is, the three-dimensional area enclosed by the outer contour of the power battery pack 10 in space volume of.
  • V1/V2 can be understood as space utilization.
  • peripheral components will occupy the internal space of the package body 200, including the ball strike prevention space at the bottom of the tray, liquid cooling system, thermal insulation material, insulation protection, thermal safety auxiliary Components, fire exhaust channels, high-voltage distribution modules, etc., so the peak value of V1/V2 is usually 80%, that is, V1/V2 ⁇ 80%.
  • the power battery pack 10 according to a specific embodiment of the present application with reference to the drawings, wherein the length direction of the power battery pack 10 is indicated by arrow A, the width direction of the power battery pack 10 is indicated by arrow B, and the height direction of the power battery pack 10 This is indicated by arrow C.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, and the plurality of unit batteries 100 is along the length of the power battery pack 10 Arrangement in the A direction facilitates setting the space utilization rate of the power battery pack 10 to 55%, 60%, 62%, 65% or higher.
  • the distance between the unit battery 100 and the side wall of the package body 200 is smaller than that of the unit battery 100
  • the length, specifically, in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, the shortest distance between one end of the unit cell 100 and the side beam of the package body 200 adjacent thereto (the one end of the unit cell 100) is L1
  • the shortest distance between the other end of the unit cell 100 and the side beam of the package body 200 adjacent to it (the other end of the unit cell 100) is L2
  • the length L 0 of the unit cell 100 satisfies: L1+L2 ⁇ L 0 . In this way, in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, another additional unit battery 100 cannot be accommodated.
  • the package body 200 accommodates only one single battery 100 in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10. That is, in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, the unit cells 100 cannot be arranged in this direction in two or more numbers.
  • both sides of the package body 200 are side beams; in the length direction A of the power battery pack 10, both ends of the package body 200 are end beams.
  • the length of the unit battery 100 extends in the entire width direction B of the power battery pack 10, that is, along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, the unit The battery 100 extends from one side of the package body 200 to the other side, the length of the unit battery 100 is filled in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, and the package body 200 cannot be placed two or more in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10
  • both ends in the longitudinal direction of the unit battery 100 can be fitted to two opposite side walls of the package body 200 in the width direction B, for example, fixed to the package body 200.
  • a cross beam 500 may be provided in the package body 200.
  • the width direction B extends, and a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the longitudinal direction A of the power battery pack 10 to form a battery array, and the beam 500 divides the battery array into at least two parts along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10, the battery
  • Each part of the array includes at least one single cell 100, wherein each part of the battery array constitutes a battery module 400.
  • a longitudinal beam 600 may also be provided in the package body 200.
  • the longitudinal beam 600 extends along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10 and the length direction of the unit battery 100 Arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10 to form a battery array, and the package body 200 is arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10 at least Two rows of battery arrays, each row of battery arrays includes a plurality of single cells 100 arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10, and the longitudinal beam 600 is located between adjacent two rows of battery arrays.
  • the package body 200 includes side beams on both sides in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, and both ends in the length direction of the unit battery 100 are supported on the side beams; the package body 200 includes End beams located at both ends in the longitudinal direction A of the power battery pack 10, the end beams provide inward pressing force for the unit cells 100 adjacent thereto.
  • the package body 200 has a first side beam 201, a second side beam 202, a first end beam 203, and a second end beam 204.
  • the first side beam 201, the second side beam 202, the first One end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 are connected end to end in sequence, the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 are opposed in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, and the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 are in power
  • the battery pack 10 is opposed in the longitudinal direction A.
  • the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 provide support for the two ends of the unit cell 100 in the longitudinal direction, that is, one end of the unit cell 100 is supported by the first side beam 201 and the other end is supported by the second side beam 202 .
  • the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 provide the pressing force for both sides in the thickness direction of the unit battery 100, that is, the first end beam 203 applies the unit battery 100 disposed adjacent to the first end beam 203 toward the second
  • the force of the end beam 204, the second end beam 204 applies a force toward the first end beam 203 to the unit battery 100 disposed adjacent to the second end beam 204, so that the plurality of unit batteries 100 can closely follow the power battery
  • the longitudinal direction A of the package 10 is arranged between the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204, and the plurality of unit cells 100 can be attached to each other.
  • first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 can limit the plurality of unit batteries 100 in the longitudinal direction A of the power battery pack 10, especially when the unit battery 100 expands a little,
  • the body battery 100 functions as a buffer and provides inward pressure to prevent excessive expansion and deformation of the unit battery 100.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, and a plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10
  • the package body 200 contains at least two layers of battery arrays along the height direction C of the power battery pack 10.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10, and the plurality of unit batteries 100 is along the width of the power battery pack 10
  • the arrangement in the B direction is advantageous in setting the space utilization rate of the power battery pack 10 to 50%, 60%, 62%, 65% or higher.
  • the distance between the end wall of the unit battery 100 and the package body 200 is smaller than that of the unit battery 100 length.
  • the shortest distance between one end of the unit battery 100 and the end beam of the package body 200 adjacent thereto (the end of the unit battery 100) is L3
  • the closest distance between the other end of the body battery 100 and the end beam of the package body 200 adjacent thereto (the other end of the unit battery 100) is L4
  • the length L 0 of the unit battery 100 satisfies: L3+L4 ⁇ L 0 .
  • the package body 200 accommodates only one single battery 100 in the longitudinal direction A of the power battery pack 10. That is, in the longitudinal direction A of the power battery pack 10, the unit batteries 100 cannot be arranged in this direction in two or more numbers.
  • both sides of the package body 200 are side beams; in the length direction A of the power battery pack 10, both ends of the package body 200 are end beams.
  • the length of the unit battery 100 extends in the entire length direction A of the power battery pack 10, that is, along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10, the unit The battery 100 extends from one end of the package body 200 to the other end.
  • the length of the unit cell 100 is filled in the length direction A of the power battery pack 10.
  • the package body 200 cannot be placed in the length direction A of the power battery pack 10 by two or more single cells.
  • both ends in the longitudinal direction of the unit battery 100 may be fitted to opposite end walls of the package body 200 in the longitudinal direction A, for example, fixed to the package body 200.
  • a longitudinal beam 600 may be provided in the package body 200.
  • the longitudinal beam 600 is along the length of the power battery pack 10.
  • A extends, a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10 to form a battery array, and the longitudinal beam 600 divides the battery array into at least two parts along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, the battery array
  • Each part of the battery includes at least one single battery 100, wherein each part of the battery array constitutes a battery module 400.
  • a beam 500 may also be provided in the package body 200.
  • the beam 500 extends along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, and the length direction of the unit battery 100 is along the length direction of the power battery pack 10 A arrangement, a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10 to form a battery array, and at least two rows of battery arrays are arranged in the package body 200 along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10, each row of battery arrays includes A plurality of unit cells 100 arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, and the beam 500 is located between adjacent two rows of battery arrays.
  • the package body 200 includes end beams located at both ends of the power battery pack 10 in the longitudinal direction A, and both ends of the unit cell 100 in the length direction are supported on the end beams; the package body 200 includes located at the power battery The side beams on both sides of the width direction B of the package 10 provide inward pressing force for the unit cells 100 adjacent thereto.
  • the package body 200 has a first side beam 201, a second side beam 202, a first end beam 203, and a second end beam 204.
  • the second end beam 204 is connected end to end in sequence, the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 are opposed in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, and the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 are in the power battery pack 10.
  • the longitudinal direction A In the longitudinal direction A.
  • the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 provide support for the two ends of the unit cell 100 in the longitudinal direction, that is, one end of the unit cell 100 is supported by the first end beam 203 and the other end is supported by the second end beam 204 .
  • the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 provide the pressing force for both sides in the thickness direction of the unit cell 100, that is, the first side beam 201 applies the unit cell 100 disposed adjacent to the first side beam 201 toward the second
  • the force of the side beam 202, the second side beam 202 applies a force toward the first side beam 201 to the unit battery 100 disposed adjacent to the second side beam 202, so that the plurality of unit batteries 100 can closely follow the power battery
  • the width direction B of the package 10 is arranged between the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202, and the plurality of unit cells 100 can be attached to each other.
  • first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 can limit the plurality of unit batteries 100 in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, especially when the unit battery 100 expands a little,
  • the body battery 100 functions as a buffer and provides inward pressure to prevent excessive expansion and deformation of the unit battery 100.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10, and a plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10
  • the package body 200 contains at least two layers of battery arrays along the height direction C of the power battery pack 10.
  • multiple unit batteries 100 may be assembled into multiple battery modules 400, and the multiple battery modules 400 may be arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10 (as shown in FIG. 6) , A plurality of battery modules 400 may also be arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10 (as shown in FIG. 15 ), and a plurality of battery modules 400 may also be arranged along the height direction C of the power battery pack 10 to form a multilayer structure (As shown in FIG. 7), in other words, regardless of whether the unit battery 100 extends in the width direction B or the length direction A of the power battery pack 10, a plurality of unit batteries 100 can be arranged along the height direction C of the power battery pack 10 Multi-layer.
  • the plurality of battery modules 400 may also be arranged along the longitudinal direction A and the height direction C of the power battery pack 10 at the same time, or along the width direction A and the height direction C of the power battery pack 10 at the same time.
  • the number of battery modules 400 is optimized to improve space utilization to increase energy density, and BIC and low-voltage sampling are easier to achieve centralized synthesis.
  • the battery module 400 in the embodiment of the present application does not include structures such as end plates and side plates.
  • the opposite ends of the single cell cannot be matched with the two side walls disposed oppositely in the package 200". Therefore, the package 200" Longitudinal beams 600' and/or crossbeams 500' (as shown in FIG. 1) need to be provided to facilitate the assembly of single cells.
  • the unit battery When the unit battery is installed in the package body 200" through the battery module 400', there will be a plurality of unit batteries along the width direction of the power battery pack 10', that is, the unit batteries are not arranged in two opposite Extending between the side walls, but between two oppositely disposed longitudinal beams 600' or beams 500', the battery module is fixed to the adjacent longitudinal beams 600' and/or beams 500' by fasteners .
  • the longitudinal beam 600' and/or the beam 500' occupies a large amount of installation in the package body 200" for accommodating single cells Space, resulting in a lower space utilization rate of the package 200′′, usually, the ratio of the volume of the single cell to the volume of the package 200′′ is about 40%, or even lower, that is, the package in the related art Only about 40% of the space in the body 200" can be used to install single cells, resulting in a limited number of single cells that can be accommodated in the package 200", the capacity and voltage of the entire power battery pack 10' are limited, and the power battery Package 10' has poor battery life.
  • the package body 200′ in the related art is provided with a longitudinal beam 600′ and/or a cross beam 500′ means that the package body 200′ is provided with a longitudinal beam 600′, or the package body 200′ is provided with a cross beam 500′ Or, the package body 200' is provided with a longitudinal beam 600' and a transverse beam 500' at the same time.
  • the use of longitudinal beams and/or beams in the package body 200 can be reduced, and even the longitudinal beams and/or beams may not be provided in the package body 200, thereby reducing the longitudinal beams and/or Or the space occupied by the beam in the package body 200 improves the space utilization rate of the package body 200; on the other hand, it can reduce the use of the end plates and side plates in the battery module 400 and reduce the end plates and side plates in the package body 200 The occupied space improves the space utilization rate of the package body 200. As much as possible, more single cells 100 can be arranged in the package body 200, thereby improving the capacity, voltage and endurance of the entire power battery package.
  • reducing the use of longitudinal beams and/or beams in the package body 200 refers to: reducing the use of longitudinal beams in the package body 200, or reducing the use of beams in the package body 200, or reducing the use of longitudinal beams and beams in the package body 200 Use; no stringers and/or beams may be provided in the package body 200 means that the stringers may not be provided in the package body 200, or that the beams may not be provided in the package body 200, or neither the stringers nor the package body 200 No beam is provided; reducing the space occupied by the longitudinal beam and/or the beam in the package body 200 means: reducing the space occupied by the longitudinal beam in the package body 200, or reducing the space occupied by the beam in the package body 200, Or, the space occupied by the longitudinal beam and the transverse beam in the package body 200 is reduced.
  • the manufacturing process of the package body 200 is simplified, the assembly complexity of the unit battery 100 is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
  • the weight of the package body 200 and the entire power battery pack 10 is reduced, and the weight reduction of the power battery pack 10 is realized.
  • the endurance of the electric vehicle can also be improved, and the weight of the electric vehicle can be reduced.
  • the package body 200 there is no need to arrange longitudinal beams and/or beams. It means that the package body 200 does not need to arrange longitudinal beams, or the package body 200 does not need to arrange cross beams, or the package body 200 does not need to arrange longitudinal beams and cross beams. .
  • the unit battery 100 itself can be used to strengthen the structural strength of the package body 200, that is to say, there is no need to provide a reinforcement structure for strengthening the structural strength of the package body 200, and the reinforcement can be directly replaced by the unit battery 100 itself
  • the structure ensures the structural strength of the package body 200, and ensures that the package body 200 is not easily deformed by the external force.
  • the package body 200 can not only serve to contain and protect the unit battery 100, but also support the unit battery 100, improving the overall load-bearing capacity of the power battery pack 10, the unit battery 100 The length of ⁇ increases the strength of the power battery pack 10.
  • the surface area of a single battery cell 100 is improved, so that the heat dissipation area of the battery cell 100 can be increased, and the heat dissipation rate of the battery cell 100 can be increased, thereby improving the safety of the entire power battery pack 10 and making the power battery pack 10 More safe and reliable.
  • the single cell 100 includes a battery body 110 (which can be understood as a body part other than a small-sized protruding structure such as a tab), and the volume V of the battery body 110 and the energy E of the battery body 110 satisfy :V/E ⁇ 2000mm 3 ⁇ Wh -1 .
  • the volume ratio of the unit battery 100 can be reduced, which is advantageous for the compact arrangement of the plurality of unit batteries 100 in the power battery pack 10.
  • the above-mentioned package body 200 is different from the battery pack case disclosed in Chinese Patent Document CN107925028A.
  • the package body 200 may include
  • the vehicle tray 210 of the electric vehicle body is connected to form a structure for accommodating and carrying the unit battery 100 in cooperation with the vehicle body/body.
  • the vehicle tray 210 is a separately produced one for accommodating and installing the unit battery 100 tray. After the unit battery 100 is installed in the vehicle tray 210, the vehicle tray 210 can be installed on the vehicle body by fasteners, for example, suspended on the chassis of the electric vehicle, and plays a role of accommodation and load bearing.
  • the length direction of the unit battery 100 can be arranged along the width direction of the electric vehicle or along the length direction of the vehicle body, that is, the vehicle The left-right direction of the vehicle or the driving direction of the vehicle.
  • the length L of the battery body 110 of the unit battery 100 may be 400 mm to 2500 mm, so that the length of the unit battery 100 can be adjusted to the width direction or the length direction of the vehicle Fit.
  • the package body 200 may also be directly formed on the electric vehicle, that is to say, the package body 200 is formed at any suitable position on the electric vehicle for installing a single battery 100 devices.
  • the package 200 may be formed on the chassis of an electric vehicle.
  • the power battery pack 10 when the power battery pack 10 is arranged on an electric vehicle, unlike the battery pack disclosed in Chinese Patent Document CN107925028A, the power battery pack 10 further includes a battery management system (BMS), a battery connector, At least one of a battery sampler and a battery thermal management system and other components required for a vehicle battery, the width direction B of the power battery pack 10 is arranged along the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle, that is, the left-right direction of the vehicle, the power battery pack The length direction of 10 is arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body, that is, the front-rear direction of the vehicle.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the width direction B of the power battery pack 10 is arranged along the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle, that is, the left-right direction of the vehicle
  • the length direction of 10 is arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body, that is, the front-rear direction of the vehicle.
  • the present application is not limited to this, and the width direction B of the power battery pack 10 may be arranged along the length direction of the body of the electric vehicle, and the length direction A of the power battery pack 10 may be arranged along the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle.
  • the length direction may be arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, or may be arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10; the width direction B of the power battery pack 10 may be arranged along the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle, or along The vehicle body is arranged in the longitudinal direction; for another example, regardless of whether the width direction B of the power battery pack 10 is arranged along the vehicle body width direction of the electric vehicle or along the vehicle body length direction, the length direction of the single battery 100 is along the vehicle body width Direction layout.
  • the relative arrangement directions of the single battery 100, the power battery pack 10 and the vehicle body can be set according to actual applications to meet different requirements.
  • the unit battery 100 according to an embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.
  • the units of length L, width H and thickness D are all in millimeters (mm)
  • the unit of surface area S is square millimeters (mm 2 )
  • the unit of volume V is cubic millimeters (mm 3 )
  • the unit of energy E is watt-hours (Wh).
  • the unit battery 100 includes a battery body 110.
  • the battery body 110 is a main body portion other than a small-sized protruding structure such as a tab.
  • the battery body 110 has a length L, a width H, and a thickness D.
  • the length L of the battery body 110 is greater than the width H of the battery body 110
  • the width H of the battery body 110 is greater than the thickness D of the battery body 110
  • the battery body 110 can be reasonably elongated under a certain volume, which is beneficial to the power battery pack.
  • Overall arrangement (such as the arrangement of the power battery pack 10 according to the above embodiment of the present application), thereby improving the space utilization rate of the power battery pack, expanding the energy density of the power battery pack, and thereby enhancing the endurance of the power battery pack;
  • it can ensure that the single battery 100 has a sufficiently large heat dissipation area, and can conduct the internal heat to the outside in time to prevent the heat from accumulating inside, thereby matching the higher energy density and supporting the improvement of endurance.
  • the battery body 110 is configured as a rectangular parallelepiped with a smooth outer surface to have a certain structural strength.
  • the battery pole core is placed in a square battery case and covered with a lid The plate seals the opening part of the battery case and injects the electrolyte.
  • the single battery 100 according to the embodiment of the present application has good thermal conductivity. With the conventional battery thermal management structure, the heat dissipation problem caused by the large-size structure can be effectively avoided. Compared with cylindrical batteries, the space utilization rate is higher, and the production and assembly process is simpler.
  • the length direction and thickness direction of the battery body 110 may extend in the horizontal direction, and the width direction of the battery body 110 may extend in the vertical direction That is, the unit battery 100 is placed sideways, and the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are based on the direction when the power battery pack 10 is used (for example, when it is applied to an electric vehicle).
  • the arrangement of the battery body 110 in the limited space of the package body 200 It can be compact and energy is more concentrated, and other parameters of the single cell 100 are designed.
  • the surface area S of the battery body 110 and the energy E of the battery body 110 satisfy: S/E ⁇ 1000.
  • S/E ⁇ 1000mm 2 ⁇ Wh -1 This can ensure sufficient heat dissipation on the surface of the single battery 100, especially when the power battery uses a ternary or high nickel ternary positive electrode material, the internal heat of the battery can be conducted in time, which is beneficial to battery safety.
  • the unit battery 100 in the implementation of the present application is a square battery with a smooth outer surface, has a certain structural strength, and has a good metal thermal conductivity. Compared with a battery with a corrugated surface area, the process and post-assembly are less difficult.
  • the unit battery 100 further includes a first tab 101 and a second tab 102.
  • the first tab 101 is provided at one end of the battery body 110 in the longitudinal direction
  • the second tab 102 is provided at the other end of the battery body 110 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the longitudinal direction of the unit battery 100 may be the current direction inside the unit battery 100, that is, the current direction inside the unit battery 100 is as shown by the arrow B. In this way, since the current direction is the same as the length direction of the unit battery 100, the effective heat dissipation area of the unit battery 100 is larger and the heat dissipation efficiency is better.
  • the first pole ear 101 may be the positive ear of the unit battery 100, and the second pole ear 102 is the negative ear of the unit battery 100; or, the first pole ear 101 may be the negative ear of the unit battery 100, the second pole The ear 102 is a positive ear of the unit battery 100.
  • the unit battery 100 further includes an explosion-proof valve 103.
  • the explosion-proof valve 103 is provided on at least one end of the battery body 110 in the longitudinal direction. When the single battery 100 fails, the air pressure inside the single battery 100 increases, and the explosion-proof valve 103 is activated to prevent the single battery 100 from exploding.
  • the setting of the explosion-proof valve 103 can be applied not only to hard-shell batteries, such as aluminum-shell batteries, but also to soft-pack batteries.
  • the explosion-proof valve 103 can also be provided in the battery body 100 except Other locations outside the end.
  • the two ends of the battery body 110 in the longitudinal direction are respectively provided with explosion-proof valves 103.
  • an explosion-proof valve 103 is provided at the first end of the unit cell 100 toward the first side beam 201, and an exhaust passage 222 is provided inside the first side beam 201.
  • Each side beam 201 is provided with an air inlet 221 at a position corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 103 of each unit cell 100.
  • the air inlet 221 communicates with the exhaust passage 222, and the package body 200 is provided with a communication with the exhaust passage 222 Vents; and/or
  • the second end of the single battery 100 facing the second side beam 202 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 103, and an exhaust passage 222 is provided inside the second side beam 202.
  • the second side beam 202 is connected to the explosion-proof valve 103 of each single battery 100
  • Corresponding positions are all provided with an air inlet 221, the air inlet 221 communicates with the exhaust passage 222, and the package body 200 is provided with an exhaust hole that communicates with the exhaust passage 222.
  • the explosion-proof valve opens, and the flame, smoke or gas inside the single battery will be discharged through the explosion-proof valve. Or the gas will accumulate inside the power battery pack, and if it cannot be discharged in time, it will cause secondary damage to the single battery.
  • the first side beam 201 and/or the second side beam 202 is provided with an air inlet 221 corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 103 of the single cell 100, and the first side beam 201 and/or The second side beam 202 is provided with an exhaust channel 222.
  • each of the plurality of unit batteries 100 is exhausted through the exhaust passage 222 in the first side beam 201, and the other end of each of the plurality of unit batteries 100 passes through the first The exhaust channel 222 in the side beam 202 exhausts air.
  • the two ends of the unit cell 100 exhaust through different channels, increasing the exhaust distance and forming a cross exhaust, which can reduce the temperature.
  • the electric vehicle may include a commercial vehicle, a special vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric motorcycle, an electric scooter, etc., which needs to use a power battery pack to provide electric energy to drive the electric vehicle.
  • Driving electric car a commercial vehicle, a special vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric motorcycle, an electric scooter, etc., which needs to use a power battery pack to provide electric energy to drive the electric vehicle.
  • Driving electric car a commercial vehicle, a special vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric motorcycle, an electric scooter, etc.
  • an electric vehicle 1 includes the power battery pack 10 according to the above-described embodiment of the present application, wherein the package body 200 may be integrally formed on the electric vehicle, and the package body 200 may also be A pallet for vehicles, which is separately produced and used for accommodating and installing the unit battery 100.
  • the endurance can be improved without expanding the battery occupation space.
  • the power battery pack 10 is provided at the bottom of the electric vehicle 1, and the package body 200 is fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle 1. Since the installation space at the chassis of the electric vehicle 1 is large, the power battery pack 10 is provided at the chassis of the electric vehicle 1 to increase the number of single cells 100 as much as possible, thereby improving the endurance of the electric vehicle 1.
  • the electric vehicle 1 includes a power battery pack 10 provided at the bottom of the electric vehicle 1, the package body 200 is fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle 1, and the power battery
  • the width direction of the package 10 is arranged along the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1, that is, the left-right direction of the electric vehicle 1
  • the length direction of the power battery pack 10 is along the length direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1, that is, the front-rear direction of the electric vehicle 1, single
  • the length direction of the body battery 100 is arranged along the width direction of the power battery pack 10, and the plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the length direction of the power battery pack 10 to form a battery array.
  • the electric vehicle 1 may include a plurality of power battery packs 10 disposed at the bottom of the electric vehicle 1.
  • the shape and size of the plurality of power battery packs 10 may be the same or different, and each power battery pack 10 It can be adjusted according to the shape and size of the chassis of the electric vehicle 1, and a plurality of power battery packs 10 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, that is, in the front-rear direction.
  • the ratio of the width F of the body 200 to the width W of the vehicle body satisfies: 50% ⁇ F/W ⁇ 80%.
  • the unit battery 100 includes a battery body 110, and a length L of the battery body 110 is 400 mm to 1500 mm.
  • the electric vehicle 1 includes a power battery pack 10 provided at the bottom of the electric vehicle, and the width direction of the power battery pack 10 is arranged along the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1,
  • the length direction of the power battery pack 10 is arranged along the length direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1
  • the length direction of the unit battery 100 is arranged along the width direction of the power battery pack, and a plurality of the unit batteries 100 are arranged along
  • the power battery pack 10 is arranged in the longitudinal direction to form a battery array.
  • the unit battery 100 includes a battery body 110, and the length L of the battery body 110 is 400 mm to 1500 mm.
  • the unit battery 100 includes a battery body 110 whose length L in the width direction of the power battery pack 10 and the width W of the vehicle body satisfy: 46% ⁇ L/W ⁇ 76%.
  • the length L of the battery body 110 is 2000mm ⁇ 2500mm. .
  • the body width W is 500mm to 2000mm, for example, 500mm, 1600mm, 1800mm, 2000mm, the body length is 500mm to 5200mm, and for passenger cars, the width of the passenger car is usually 500mm to 1800mm
  • the length of the car body is 500 mm to 5200 mm, such as 2000 mm, 2500 mm, 3000 mm, 3500 mm, 4000 mm, 4500 mm, 4700 mm, 5000 mm, and 5200 mm.
  • the length of the car body can also be 500 mm to 5000 mm, and the length of the car body can also be 500 mm to 4700 mm.
  • the electric vehicle 1 includes a power battery pack 10 disposed at the bottom of the electric vehicle 1, and the width direction of the power battery pack 10 is arranged along the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1 ,
  • the length direction of the power battery pack 10 is arranged along the length direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1
  • the length direction of the unit battery 100 is arranged along the length direction of the power battery pack 10
  • a plurality of the unit batteries 100 are arranged along the width direction of the power battery pack 10 to form a battery array.
  • the electric vehicle 1 includes a power battery pack 10 disposed at the bottom of the electric vehicle 1, and the width direction of the power battery pack 10 is arranged along the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1 ,
  • the length direction of the power battery pack 10 is arranged along the length direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1
  • the length direction of the unit battery 100 is arranged along the length direction of the power battery pack 10
  • a plurality of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the width direction of the power battery pack 10 to form a battery array.
  • the unit battery 100 includes a battery body 110, and a length L of the battery body 110 is 1500 mm to 2500 mm.
  • the electric vehicle 1 includes a power battery pack 10 disposed at the bottom of the electric vehicle 1, and the width direction of the power battery pack 10 is arranged along the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1 ,
  • the length direction of the power battery pack 10 is arranged along the length direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1
  • the length direction of the unit battery 100 is arranged along the length direction of the power battery pack 10
  • a plurality of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the width direction of the power battery pack 10 to form a battery array.
  • the unit battery 100 includes a battery body 110, and a length L of the battery body 110 is 2000 mm to 2500 mm.
  • the single battery 100 includes a battery body 110 whose length L in the length direction of the power battery pack 10 and the length X of the vehicle body satisfy: 40% ⁇ L/X ⁇ 76%.
  • the width F of the package body 200 is 500 mm to 1500 mm, which is much larger than the battery pack casing disclosed in Chinese Patent Document CN107925028A, to facilitate accommodating the battery module 400 such as the battery pack in CN107925028A, and guarantee battery life Ability and match the body size.
  • the unit battery 100 includes a battery body 110, and the ratio of the length L of the battery body 110 to the width W of the vehicle body satisfies: 46% ⁇ L/W ⁇ 76%.
  • it can be realized by only providing one unit battery 100 along the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • it may be implemented by providing a plurality of battery modules 400 or a plurality of single cells 100 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the length L of the battery body 110 is 400 mm to 1500 mm.
  • the present application can design the size of the single battery to be longer, up to 2500mm, and the technical effect brought by applying the single battery to the battery pack:
  • volume utilization rate of the battery pack is significantly improved, and the volume energy density of the battery pack is improved: the current volume utilization rate of the industry is about 40%, and our design can fully distribute the battery inside the battery pack, and the volume utilization rate can be increased to 60 %, even reaching 80%, its volume energy density is increased by more than 20%.
  • the energy can be increased by 20%-30%, and the number of kilometers the car can run can also be increased by 20%-30%.
  • the cost of the battery pack is significantly reduced: the single battery itself can bear the mechanical strengthening function, and the ribs of the battery tray can be omitted or reduced.
  • the manufacturing process of the battery pack is simple and the manufacturing cost is reduced; at the same time, the size of the single battery of this application can According to the size of the battery pack, the single cells can be directly arranged in parallel in the battery pack, without the need to arrange multiple single cells in parallel by two end plates and two side plates as in the prior art In the formed module frame, the battery module is assembled into a battery pack.
  • the size of the single battery of this application is long enough, and multiple single batteries can be directly arranged in parallel in the battery pack, which saves or reduces the assembled battery
  • the end plate, side plate and a large number of screws and other fasteners used to fix the battery module are used in the module.
  • the assembly process of the single cell is simpler, saving a lot of manpower, material resources and other manufacturing costs, which is more conducive to The popularity of electric vehicles.
  • the stability and reliability of the battery pack increase: the more complicated the battery pack assembly process, the higher the probability of defective rate, the possibility of loose battery pack and unstable installation will also increase, which will adversely affect the quality of the battery pack ,
  • the stability of the battery pack decreases, and the reliability decreases.
  • the heat dissipation safety performance of the battery pack is significantly improved: the temperature rise of the battery pack is the result of the combined effect of heat production and heat dissipation. Under the premise of the same capacity, the heat production of the single battery becomes a fixed value. Flat elongated design, the heat dissipation effect of the single battery is better, and the temperature rise of the single battery drops. Under the premise of a certain battery pack working condition, the temperature rise of the battery pack is reduced under the premise of a certain battery pack working condition. The safety performance is also greatly improved.
  • the support strength of the casing can be improved through the improvement of the molding process and structural design, and the aspect ratio of the casing can be controlled at the same time. Within the predetermined range. At the same time, the internal resistance of the single battery can be reduced by optimizing the current collecting path. In addition, it can be supplemented by the improvement of the liquid injection process to solve the problem of long liquid injection time caused by the long size of the single battery.
  • Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 2 Comparative Example 2 and Examples 3 to 4, and Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5 to 6.
  • the power battery pack 10 of the embodiment of the present application through the single cell 100
  • the design of the arrangement and size parameters has been improved in terms of energy density.
  • the following examples and comparative examples are based on a lithium iron phosphate battery with a power of 73 kwh.
  • Example 1 the total volume of the battery pack is 213L, and the combined volume of the pack body and the internal battery management system and other power distribution modules is 58L.
  • the actual remaining capacity of the battery pack can accommodate a single battery pack.
  • the volume of the body battery, the crossbeam, and the longitudinal beam is 155L, and the volume of the distribution box is 22.5L.
  • the length of the package is 1380mm, the width is 1005mm, and the thickness is 137mm.
  • the total volume of the battery pack 213L 1380 ⁇ 1005 ⁇ 137 ⁇ 0.000001+22.5.
  • the width direction of the power battery pack is arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body, and the length direction of the power battery pack is arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the width of the body is 1880mm.
  • the package body 200 ′′ is provided with two beams 500 ′ and one longitudinal beam 600 ′, and the two beams 500 ′ and one longitudinal beam 600 ′ will be single
  • the battery is divided into six battery packs 400', and each battery pack 400' has a side plate and an end plate.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack, and the plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10
  • the package body 200 contains one unit battery 100, and the unit battery 100 extends from one side to the other side of the package body 200 in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10.
  • the package body 200 is provided with a beam 500 without a longitudinal beam 600.
  • the beam 500 extends along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10, and a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10 to form a battery array.
  • the 500 divides the battery array into two parts along the longitudinal direction A of the power battery pack 10.
  • the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 of the package body 200 on both sides of the power battery pack 10 in the width direction B provide support for the single battery 100, and the first side beam 201 of the package body 200 on both ends of the power battery pack 10 in the length direction A
  • the adjacent single cells 100 at the one end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 provide an inward pressing force.
  • the package body 200 contains a battery array along the height direction C of the power battery pack 10.
  • the battery array (also can be understood as a battery module) of the power battery pack 10 is not provided with end plates and side plates.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack, and the plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10
  • the package body 200 contains one unit battery 100, and the unit battery 100 extends from one side to the other side of the package body 200 in the width direction B of the power battery pack 10.
  • the beam 200 and the longitudinal beam 600 are not provided in the package body 200.
  • the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 of the package body 200 on both sides of the power battery pack 10 in the width direction B provide support for the single battery 100, and the first side beam 201 of the package body 200 on both ends of the power battery pack 10 in the length direction A
  • the adjacent single cells 100 at the one end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 provide an inward pressing force.
  • the package body 200 contains a battery array along the height direction C of the power battery pack 10.
  • the battery array (also can be understood as a battery module) of the power battery pack 10 is not provided with end plates and side plates.
  • Example 3 and Example 4 the total volume of the battery pack is 283L.
  • the combined volume of the package body and the internal battery management system and other power distribution modules is 89L.
  • the actual remaining capacity of the battery pack can accommodate
  • the width direction of the power battery pack is arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body, and the length direction of the power battery pack is arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the width of the body is 1950mm.
  • the package body 200 ′′ is provided with two beams 500 ′ and one longitudinal beam 600 ′, and the two beams 500 ′ and one longitudinal beam 600 ′ will be single
  • the battery is divided into six battery modules 400', and each battery module 400' has a side plate and an end plate.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack, and the plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10
  • the package body 200 contains one unit battery 100, and the unit battery 100 extends from one side to the other side of the package body 200 in the length direction A of the power battery pack 10.
  • a longitudinal beam 600 is provided in the package body 200, and no transverse beam 500 is provided. The longitudinal beam 600 extends along the length direction A of the power battery pack 10, and a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10 to form a battery array.
  • the longitudinal beam 600 divides the battery array into two parts along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10.
  • the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 of the package body 200 at both ends in the longitudinal direction A of the power battery pack 10 provide support for the single battery 100.
  • the unit cells 100 adjacent to the side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 provide an inward pressing force.
  • the package body 200 contains a battery array along the height direction C of the power battery pack 10.
  • the battery array (also can be understood as a battery module) of the power battery pack 10 is not provided with end plates and side plates.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the length direction A of the power battery pack, and the plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the power battery pack 10
  • the package body 200 contains one unit battery 100, and the unit battery 100 extends from one side to the other side of the package body 200 in the length direction A of the power battery pack 10.
  • the beam 200 and the longitudinal beam 600 are not provided in the package body 200.
  • the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 of the package body 200 at both ends in the longitudinal direction A of the power battery pack 10 provide support for the single battery 100.
  • the unit cells 100 adjacent to the side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 provide an inward pressing force.
  • the package body 200 contains a battery array along the height direction C of the power battery pack 10.
  • the battery array (also can be understood as a battery module) of the power battery pack 10 is not provided with end plates and side plates.
  • the total volume of the battery pack in Example 5 and Example 6 is 414L.
  • the combined volume of the pack body and the internal battery management system and other power distribution modules is 58L.
  • the actual remaining capacity of the battery pack can accommodate monomers
  • the width direction of the power battery pack is arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body
  • the length direction of the power battery pack is arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the length of the body is 4700mm.
  • the arrangement of the single cells 100 in the battery pack 10 is the same as that in Comparative Example 1.
  • the arrangement of the single cells 100 in the battery pack 10 is the same as the arrangement of Embodiment 5.
  • the total volume of the power battery pack 10 is 508L, and the combined volume of the package body 200 and the internal battery management system and other power distribution modules is 119L.
  • the actual remaining capacity of the power battery pack 10 can accommodate a single battery and
  • the volume of the cross member is 389L, in which the body length is 5200, the length of the package body 200 is 2630 mm, the width is 1380 mm, and the thickness is 137 mm.
  • the length of the single cell is 2500 mm, the width is 118 mm, and the height is 13.5 mm.
  • the width direction of the power battery pack is arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body, and the length direction of the power battery pack is arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the length of the body is 5200mm.
  • the arrangement of the single cells in the battery pack is the same as the arrangement of Embodiment 5.
  • the power battery pack 10 through the arrangement, size parameters and other factors of the single battery 100, such as the single The ratio of the length of the body battery to the dimension in the width direction of the vehicle body or the ratio of the length of the unit battery to the dimension in the length direction of the vehicle body, thereby achieving a higher energy density.
  • this increase in energy density will be magnified with the increase in the overall volume of the power battery pack, that is, for a power battery pack with a larger volume, the effect of increasing the energy density using the solution of the embodiment of the present application is more significant .

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Abstract

一种动力电池包及电动车，动力电池包固定在电动车上并用于为所述电动车提供动力，所述动力电池包包括：包体；多个单体电池，所述多个单体电池设于所述包体内；所述多个单体电池设于所述包体内；所述单体电池具有长度L 0、宽度H 0厚度D 0；至少一个单体电池满足：L 0＞H 0≥D 0，且长度方向沿所述电动车的车身的宽度方向布置，在所述电动车的宽度方向上，单体电池的长度L 0之和与所述电动车的车身的宽度方向上的尺寸W满足：46％≤L/W≤76％；或，至少一个单体电池满足：L 0＞H 0≥D 0，且长度方向沿所述电动车的车身的长度方向布置，在所述电动车的长度方向上，单体电池的长度L 0之和与所述电动车的车身的长度方向上的尺寸X满足：40％≤L 0/X≤76％。

Description

动力电池包及电动车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求比亚迪股份有限公司于2019年1月9日提交的、发明名称为“电池包、车辆和储能装置”的中国专利申请号“201910021244.0”、“201910020967.9”、“201910021246.X”、“201910021248.9”、“201910021247.4”及“201910020925.5”的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种动力电池包和具有所述动力电池包的电动车。
背景技术
相关技术中诸如应用于电动车的动力电池包，主要包括包体和安装在包体内的多个电池模组，其中，每个电池模组由多个单体电池组装而成。
随着用户对电动车的续航能力的要求逐渐提升，而在车身底部空间有限的情况下，采用现有技术的动力电池包，内部空间的利用率低；动力电池包的能量密度无法满足需求，这也逐渐成为制约电动车发展的重要因素。
发明内容
在上述相关现有技术中，如图1所示，动力电池包10′的包体200″多由横梁500′、纵梁600′分割成多个电池模组400′的安装区域；电池模组400′通过螺钉等方式，固定在横梁500′或纵梁600′上。电池模组400′包括依次排列的多个单体电池，多个单体电池排列形成电池阵列，在电池阵列外部设置有端板和/或侧板；一般同时包含端板和侧板，端板和侧板固定，围成容纳电池阵列的空间。同时，端板和侧板通过螺钉连接，或者通过拉杆等其他连接件连接，以实现对电池阵列的固定。
申请人通过试验和分析发现，电池模组400′通过螺钉等结构固定在横梁500′或纵梁600′上，浪费了空间，同时因为加入了螺钉等连接件，提高了重量；另外，电池模组400′通过端板和侧板的配合设计，端板和侧板均具有一定的厚度和高度，浪费了包体200″内部的空间，降低了包体200″的体积利用率。一般情况下，上述现有技术中的动力电池包10′，包体200″内单体电池的体积之和与包体200″体积的比值均在50％ 左右，甚至低至40％。
而在车身底部空间有限的情况下，采用上述现有技术实施例提供的动力电池包10′，电池模组400′的端板、侧板，动力电池包10′内部的连接安装方式等，都降低了包体200″内部空间的利用率；导致动力电池包10′中，单体电池的体积之和与包体200″体积的比值过低，降低了动力电池包的能量密度。
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请的一个目的在于提出一种动力电池包，该动力电池包具有空间利用率高、能量密度大、续航能力强等优点。
本申请还提出一种具有所述动力电池包的电动车。
本申请的第一方面的实施例提出一种动力电池包，所述动力电池包用于为所述电动车提供动力，包括：包体；多个单体电池，多个所述单体电池设于所述包体内；所述单体电池具有长度L 0、宽度H 0、厚度D 0，其中L 0＞H 0≥D 0；
当所述动力电池包放置于所述电动车上时，所述单体电池的长度方向沿电动车的宽度方向或长度方向延伸；
当所述单体电池的长度方向沿电动车的宽度方向延伸时，所述单体电池的长度L 0与所述电动车的车身的宽度方向上的尺寸W满足：46％≤L 0/W≤76％；或；
当单体电池的长度方向沿电动车的长度方向延伸时，单体电池的长度L 0与所述电动车的车身的长度方向上的尺寸X满足：40％≤L 0/X≤76％。
根据本申请实施例的动力电池，通过限定单体电池的长度与车身的宽度方向上的尺寸和车身的长度方向上的尺寸的比例，可以使动力电池包充分利用车身的空间，在车身单位空间内布置更多的单体电池，即在单位空间内布置更多的能量提供结构，由此可以提高能量密度，从而在不扩大占用空间的情况下提高续航能力。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是现有技术中的动力电池包的爆炸图。
图2是根据本申请实施例的动力电池包的剖视图。
图3是根据本申请实施例的动力电池包的立体图。
图4是根据本申请实施例的动力电池包的爆炸图。
图5是根据本申请实施例的单体电池的结构示意图。
图6是根据本申请实施例的动力电池包的电池模组的排布方式示意图。
图7是根据本申请另一个实施例的动力电池包的电池模组的排布方式示意图。
图8是根据本申请实施例的动力电池包的包体形成于电动车的结构示意图。
图9是根据本申请实施例的电动车的结构示意图。
图10是根据本申请实施例的电动车的爆炸图。
图11是图2中G区域的放大图。
图12是根据本申请第一可选实施例的动力电池包的立体图。
图13是根据本申请第二可选实施例的动力电池包的立体图。
图14是根据本申请第三可选实施例的动力电池包的立体图。
图15是根据本申请第四可选实施例的动力电池包的立体图。
图16是根据本申请第五可选实施例的动力电池包的立体图。
附图标记：
现有技术：
动力电池包10′、包体200″、电池模组400′、纵梁600′、横梁500′；
本申请：
电动车1、
动力电池包10、
单体电池100、电池本体110、包体200、托盘210、上盖220、第一边梁201、第二边梁202、第一端梁203、第二端梁204、排气通道222、进气口221、
电池模组400、
第一极耳101、第二极耳102、防爆阀103、
纵梁600、横梁500、
动力电池包10的长度方向A、动力电池包10的宽度方向B、电池动力包10的高度方向C、
单体电池100的长度L 0、单体电池的宽度H 0、单体电池的厚度D 0；电池本体110的长度L、电池本体110的宽度H、电池本体110的厚度D、车身宽度W、包体200的宽度F。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“竖向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、 “厚度”、“内”、“外”、等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
考虑到相关技术中动力电池包的现状，本申请提出一种动力电池包和具有其的电动车，该动力电池包具有空间利用率高、能量密度大、续航能力强等优点。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10。
如图2～图16所示，根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10包括包体200和多个单体电池100。动力电池包10用于为电动车1提供动力，这里电动车包括但不限于电动汽车、电动列车、电动自行车、高尔夫球车；根据本申请的具体实施例，所述动力电池10用于固定在电动车。
多个单体电池100设于包体200内，包体200可以理解为用于容纳多个单体电池100的外壳，例如可以包括托盘210和上盖220，托盘210和上盖220共同限定出多个单体电池100的容纳空间，多个单体电池100设于托盘210上，并由上盖220封盖，即设于由托盘210和上盖220形成的容纳空间内。其中，单体电池的长度L 0与电动车的车身的宽度方向上的尺寸W满足：46％≤L/W≤76％；或，所述单体电池的长度L 0与电动车的车身的长度方向上的尺寸X满足：40％≤L 0/X≤76％。
在一些具体的实施例中，当单体电池100的长度方向沿电动车的车身的宽度方向延伸时，单体电池的长度L 0与电动车的车身的宽度方向上的尺寸W满足：46％≤L 0/W≤76％；在另一些具体的实施例中，当单体电池100的长度方向沿电动车的车身的长度方向延伸时，单体电池的长度L 0与电动车的车身的长度方向上的尺寸X满足：40％≤L 0/X≤76％。
本领域的技术人员可以理解地是，车身的宽度方向是指车的左右方向，车身的宽度方向上的尺寸W即指车身宽度；车身的长度方向是指车的行驶方向，车身的长度方向上的尺寸X即指车身长度。
根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10，通过限定单体电池100的长度与车身的宽度方向上的尺寸W的比例，即46％≤L/W≤76％；或，限定单体电池100的长度与车身的长度方向上的尺寸X，即40％≤L 0/X≤76％，可以使动力电池包10充分利用车身的空间，在车身单位空间内布置更多的单体电池100，即在单位空间内布置更多的能量提供结构，由此可以提高能量密度，从而在不扩大占用空间的情况下提高续航能力。
在本申请的一些实施例中，为了提高能量密度和续航能力，多个单体电池100的体积之和V1与动力电池包10的体积V2满足：V1/V2≥55％；在本申请的一些实施例中，多个单 体电池100的体积之和V1与动力电池包10的体积V2满足：V1/V2≥60％；在本申请的一些实施例中，多个单体电池100的体积之和V1与动力电池包10的体积V2满足：V1/V2≥62％；在本申请的一些实施例中，多个单体电池100的体积之和V1与动力电池包10的体积V2满足：V1/V2≥65％。可以理解地是，V2为动力电池包10的外轮廓所限定立体形状的整体体积，即包括动力电池包10内部空间的体积，即动力电池包10的外轮廓在空间上所围成的立体区域的体积。在电动车中，V1/V2可以理解为空间利用率。
本领域的技术人员可以理解地是，由于某些因素的影响，例如外围零部件会占用包体200内部空间，包括托盘底部防球击空间、液冷系统、保温材料、绝缘防护、热安全辅件、排火排气通道、高压配电模块等，因此V1/V2的峰值通常在80％，即V1/V2≤80％。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请具体实施例的动力电池包10，其中，动力电池包10的长度方向以箭头A示意，动力电池包10的宽度方向由箭头B示意，动力电池包10的高度方向由箭头C示意。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图2～图4所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B布置，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的长度A方向排列，由此利于将动力电池包10的空间利用率设置成55％、60％、62％、65％或更高。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图3和图4所示，在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上，单体电池100与包体200的侧壁之间的间距小于单体电池100的长度，具体而言，在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上，单体电池100的一端和与其(单体电池100的所述一端)相邻的包体200边梁之间的最近距离为L1，单体电池100的另一端和与其(单体电池100的所述另一端)相邻的包体200边梁之间的最近距离为L2，单体电池100的长度L 0满足：L1+L2＜L 0。这样，在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上，无法再容纳额外的另一个单体电池100。
换言之，包体200在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上，仅容纳一个单体电池100。也就是说，在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上，单体电池100无法以两个或两个以上的数量布置在该方向上。
可以理解地是，在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上，包体200的两侧为边梁；在动力电池包10的长度方向A上，包体200的两端为端梁。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图3和图4所示，单体电池100的长度延伸在动力电池包10的整个宽度方向B上，即沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B，单体电池100由包体200一侧延伸到另一侧，单体电池100的长度填充在动力电池包10的宽度方向B，包体200在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上无法放置两个或以上的单体电池100，单体电池100的长度方向上的两端可以配合于包体200在宽度方向B上相对的两侧壁，例如固定于包体200。由此，包体200内部无需横梁和纵梁，直接通过连接的单体电池100承担加强筋的作用， 极大的简化了包体200的结构，且减少了加强筋占用的空间以及单体电池100的安装结构占用的空间，从而提高空间利用率，以提高续航能力。
当然，本申请的实施例并不限制于不设置横梁和纵梁，在本申请的一些实施例中，如图13所述，包体200内可以设置横梁500，横梁500沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B延伸，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的长度方向A排列形成电池阵列，横梁500将所述电池阵列沿动力电池包10的长度方向A分割成至少两部分，所述电池阵列的每一部分包含至少一个单体电池100，其中，电池阵列的每一部分构成一个电池模组400。
当然，在本申请的其它一些实施例中，如图12所示，包体200内也可以设置纵梁600，纵梁600沿动力电池包10的长度方向A延伸，单体电池100的长度方向沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B布置，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的长度方向A排列形成电池阵列，所述包体200内沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B上布置有至少两排电池阵列，每排电池阵列包括多个沿动力电池包10的长度方向A排列的单体电池100，纵梁600位于相邻两排电池阵列之间。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，包体200包括位于动力电池包10的宽度方向B上两侧的边梁，单体电池100长度方向的两端支撑在所述边梁上；包体200包括位于动力电池包10长度方向A两端的端梁，所述端梁为邻近其的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。
如图3和图4所示，包体200具有第一边梁201、第二边梁202、第一端梁203和第二端梁204，第一边梁201、第二边梁202、第一端梁203、第二端梁204依次首尾连接，第一边梁201和第二边梁202在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上相对，第一端梁203和第二端梁204在动力电池包10的长度方向A上相对。第一边梁201和第二边梁202为单体电池100长度方向上的两端提供支撑力，即单体电池100的一端支撑于第一边梁201且另一端支撑于第二边梁202。第一端梁203和第二端梁204为单体电池100厚度方向上的两侧提供压紧力，即第一端梁203向邻第一端梁203设置的单体电池100施加朝向第二端梁204的作用力，第二端梁204向邻近第二端梁204设置的单体电池100施加朝向第一端梁203的作用力，以使多个单体电池100能够紧密地沿动力电池包10的长度方向A排列在第一端梁203和第二端梁204之间，多个单体电池100之间能够相互贴合。此外，第一端梁203和第二端梁204可以在动力电池包10的长度方向A上对多个单体电池100进行限位，特别是当单体电池100发生少量膨胀时，可以对单体电池100起到缓冲作用和提供向内的压力，防止单体电池100的膨胀量和变形量过大。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图7所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B布置，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的长度方向A排列形成电池阵列，包体200内沿动力电池包10的高度方向C含有至少两层电池阵列。由此，优化单体电池 100的数量，从而提高空间利用率以提高能量密度，且BIC、低压采样更易实现集中合成。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图15和图16所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿动力电池包10的长度方向A布置，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的宽度B方向排列，由此利于将动力电池包10的空间利用率设置成50％、60％、62％、65％或更高。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图15和图16所示，在动力电池包10的长度方向A上，单体电池100与包体200的端壁之间的间距小于单体电池100的长度。具体而言，在动力电池包10的长度方向A上，单体电池100的一端和与其(单体电池100的所述一端)相邻的包体200端梁之间的最近距离为L3，单体电池100的另一端和与其(单体电池100的所述另一端)相邻的包体200端梁之间的最近距离为L4，单体电池100的长度L 0满足：L3+L4＜L 0。这样，在动力电池包10的长度方向A上，无法再容纳额外的另一个单体电池100。
换言之，包体200在动力电池包10的长度方向A上，仅容纳一个单体电池100。也就是说，在动力电池包10的长度方向A上，单体电池100无法以两个或两个以上的数量布置在该方向上。
可以理解地是，在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上，包体200的两侧为边梁；在动力电池包10的长度方向A上，包体200的两端为端梁。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图15和图16所示，单体电池100的长度延伸在动力电池包10的整个长度方向A上，即沿动力电池包10的长度方向A，单体电池100由包体200一端延伸到另一端，单体电池100的长度填充在动力电池包10的长度方向A，包体200在动力电池包10的长度方向A上无法放置两个或以上的单体电池100，单体电池100的长度方向上的两端可以配合于包体200在长度方向A上相对的两端壁，例如固定于包体200。由此，包体200内部无需横梁和纵梁，直接通过连接的单体电池100承担加强筋的作用，极大的简化了包体200的结构，且减少了加强筋占用的空间以及单体电池100的安装结构占用的空间，从而提高空间利用率，以提高续航能力。
当然，本申请的实施例并不限制于不设置横向和横梁，在本申请的一些实施例中，如图15包体200内可以设置纵梁600，纵梁600沿动力电池包10的长度方向A延伸，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B排列形成电池阵列，纵梁600将所述电池阵列沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B分割成至少两部分，所述电池阵列的每一部分包含至少一个单体电池100，其中，电池阵列的每一部分构成一个电池模组400。
当然，在本申请的其它一些实施例中，包体200内也可以设置横梁500，横梁500沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B延伸，单体电池100的长度方向沿动力电池包10的长度方向A布置，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B排列形成电池阵列，包体200内沿动力电池包10的长度方向A上布置有至少两排电池阵列，每排电池阵列包括多个沿动力电 池包10的宽度方向B排列的单体电池100，横梁500位于相邻两排电池阵列之间。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，包体200包括位于动力电池包10长度方向A两端的端梁，单体电池100长度方向的两端支撑在所述端梁上；包体200包括位于动力电池包10宽度方向B两侧的侧梁，所述侧梁为邻近其的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。
如图16所示，包体200具有第一边梁201、第二边梁202、第一端梁203和第二端梁204，第一边梁201、第二边梁202、第一端梁203、第二端梁204依次首尾连接，第一边梁201和第二边梁202在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上相对，第一端梁203和第二端梁204在动力电池包10的长度方向A上相对。第一端梁203和第二端梁204为单体电池100长度方向上的两端提供支撑力，即单体电池100的一端支撑于第一端梁203且另一端支撑于第二端梁204。第一边梁201和第二边梁202为单体电池100厚度方向上的两侧提供压紧力，即第一边梁201向邻第一边梁201设置的单体电池100施加朝向第二边梁202的作用力，第二边梁202向邻近第二边梁202设置的单体电池100施加朝向第一边梁201的作用力，以使多个单体电池100能够紧密地沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B排列在第一边梁201和第二边梁202之间，多个单体电池100之间能够相互贴合。此外，第一边梁201和第二边梁202可以在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上对多个单体电池100进行限位，特别是当单体电池100发生少量膨胀时，可以对单体电池100起到缓冲作用和提供向内的压力，防止单体电池100的膨胀量和变形量过大。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图15所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿动力电池包10的长度方向A布置，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B排列形成电池阵列，包体200内沿动力电池包10的高度方向C含有至少两层电池阵列。由此，优化单体电池100的数量，从而提高空间利用率以提高能量密度，且BIC、低压采样更易实现集中合成。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，多个单体电池100可以组装成多个电池模组400，多个电池模组400可以沿动力电池包10的长度方向A排列(如图6所示)，多个电池模组400也可以沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B排列(如图15所示)，多个电池模组400也可以沿动力电池包10的高度方向C排列以形成多层结构(如图7所示)，换言之，无论单体电池100沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B延伸还是长度方向A延伸，多个单体电池100均可以沿动力电池包10的高度方向C排列成多层。当然，多个电池模组400也可以沿动力电池包10的长度方向A和高度方向C同时排列，或沿动力电池包10的宽度方向A和高度方向C同时排列。由此，优化电池模组400的数量，从而提高空间利用率以提高能量密度，且BIC、低压采样更易实现集中合成。需要理解地是，本申请实施例中的电池模组400不设置端板和侧板等结构。
在相关技术中，由于单体电池的尺寸较小，长度较短，单体电池的相对两端无法与包 体200″中相对设置的两个侧壁相适配，因此，包体200″中需要设置纵梁600′和/或横梁500′(如图1所示)，从而便于单体电池的装配。当单体电池通过电池模组400′安装到包体200″中后，沿动力电池包10′的宽度方向会存在多个单体电池，也就是说，单体电池并未在两个相对设置的侧壁之间延伸，而是在两个相对设置的纵梁600′或横梁500′之间延伸的，电池模组通过紧固件与相邻的纵梁600′和/或横梁500′固定。
由于相关技术中的包体200″中设置有纵梁600′和/或横梁500′，纵梁600′和/或横梁500′占据了包体200″中大量的用于容纳单体电池的安装空间，导致包体200″的空间利用率较低，通常，单体电池的体积之和与包体200″的体积的比值约为40％，甚至更低，也就是说，相关技术中的包体200″中仅有40％左右的空间可以用于安装单体电池，导致包体200″中可容纳的单体电池的数量有限，整个动力电池包10′的容量、电压受到限制，动力电池包10′的续航能力较差。其中，相关技术中的包体200′中设置有纵梁600′和/或横梁500′指的是：包体200′中设置有纵梁600′，或包体200′中设置有横梁500′，或包体200′中同时设置有纵梁600′和横梁500′。
根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10，一方面能够减少包体200中纵梁和/或横梁的使用，甚至包体200中可以不设置纵梁和/或横梁，从而减少了纵梁和/或横梁在包体200中占据的空间，提高了包体200的空间利用率；另一方面能够减少电池模组400中端板和侧板的使用，减少端板和侧板在包体200中占据的空间，提高了包体200的空间利用率。尽可能地使更多的单体电池100能够布置在包体200中，进而提高整个动力电池包的容量、电压以及续航能力。其中，减少包体200中纵梁和/或横梁的使用指的是：减少包体200中纵梁的使用，或减少包体200中横梁的使用，或减少包体200中纵梁和横梁的使用；包体200中可以不设置纵梁和/或横梁指的是：包体200中可以不设置纵梁，或包体200中可以不设置横梁，或包体200中既不设置纵梁也不设置横梁；减少了纵梁和/或横梁在包体200中占据的空间指的是：减少了纵梁在包体200中占据的空间，或减少了横梁在包体200中占据的空间，或减少了纵梁和横梁在包体200中占据的空间。
并且，由于包体200中无需再布置纵梁和/或横梁，一方面，使得包体200的制作工艺得到了简化，单体电池100的组装复杂度降低，生产成本降低，另一方面，使得包体200和整个动力电池包10的重量减轻，实现了动力电池包10的轻量化。特别地，当动力电池包10安装在电动车上时，还可以提升电动车的续航能力，实现电动车的轻量化。其中包体200中无需再布置纵梁和/或横梁指的是：包体200中无需再布置纵梁，或者包体200中无需再布置横梁，或者包体200中无需再布置纵梁和横梁。
此外，单体电池100本身可用作加强包体200的结构强度，也就是说，包体200中无需再设置用于加强其结构强度的加强结构，直接通过单体电池100本身便可代替加强结构 来保证包体200的结构强度，确保包体200在外力作用下不易发生形变。相比中国专利文献CN107925028A公开的电池组，包体200不仅能够起到容纳和保护单体电池100的作用，而且能够支撑单体电池100，提高动力电池包10的整体承重能力，单体电池100的长度对动力电池包10的强度起到加强作用。并且，单个单体电池100的表面积得到提升，从而可以增大单体电池100的散热面积，提高单体电池100的散热速率，进而提高了整个动力电池包10的安全性，使动力电池包10更加安全可靠。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，单体电池100包括电池本体110(可以理解为除了极耳等小尺寸凸出结构外的主体部分)，电池本体110的体积V与电池本体110的能量E满足：V/E≤2000mm 3·Wh ﹣1。由此，既能够保证足够的散热面积以保证散热效果，又可以降低单体电池100的体积占比，利于多个单体电池100在动力电池包10布置的紧凑化。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图9和图10所示，上述包体200不同于中国专利文献CN107925028A公开的电池组壳体，尤其在于尺寸和承重方面，包体200可以包括与所述电动车的车身配合连接的车用托盘210，形成与车体/车身配合的容纳并承载单体电池100的结构，该车用托盘210为单独生产的用于容纳并安装单体电池100的托盘。当单体电池100安装到车用托盘210中后，该车用托盘210可以通过紧固件安装到车身上，例如，悬挂在电动车的底盘上，并起到容纳和承重作用。
其中，当动力电池包10作为车辆上使用的提供电能的动力电池包使用时，可以使单体电池100的长度方向沿所述电动车的车身宽度方向或者沿车身的长度方向布置，即，车辆的左右方向或者车辆的行驶方向，此时，单体电池100的电池本体110的长度L可以为400mm～2500mm，以使单体电池100的长度能够与车辆的宽度方向的尺寸或长度方向的尺寸相适配。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图8所示，包体200也可以直接形成在电动车上，也就是说，包体200为形成在电动车上任意适当位置的用于安装单体电池100的装置。例如，包体200可以形成在电动车的底盘上。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，当动力电池包10布置在电动车上时，不同于中国专利文献CN107925028A公开的电池组，动力电池包10还包括电池管理系统(BMS)、电池连接器、电池采样器和电池热管理系统中的至少之一等车用电池所需的部件，动力电池包10的宽度方向B沿所述电动车的车身宽度方向布置，即车辆的左右方向，动力电池包10的长度方向沿车身长度方向布置，即车辆的前后方向。当然本申请并不限于此，也可以使动力电池包10的宽度方向B沿所述电动车的车身长度方向布置，使动力电池包10的长度方向A沿所述电动车的车身宽度方向布置。
本领域的技术人员可以理解地是，单体电池100在动力电池包10内的方向布置以及动 力电池包10在电动车上的方向布置，可以以不同的形式组合，例如，单体电池100的长度方向可以沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B布置，也可以沿动力电池包10的长度方向A布置；动力电池包10的宽度方向B可以沿所述电动车的车身宽度方向布置，也可以沿车身长度方向布置；再例如，无论动力电池包10的宽度方向B沿所述电动车的车身宽度方向布置还是沿车身长度方向布置，单体电池100的长度方向均沿所述电动车的车身宽度方向布置。单体电池100、动力电池包10和车身的相对布置方向可以根据实际应用设置，以满足不同的要求。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请实施例的单体电池100。
以下具体实施例中，长度L、宽度H和厚度D单位均为毫米(mm)，表面积S单位为平方毫米(mm 2)，体积V单位为立方毫米(mm 3)，能量E单位为瓦时(Wh)。
如图5所示，根据本申请实施例的单体电池100包括电池本体110，可以理解地是，电池本体110为除了极耳等小尺寸凸出结构外的主体部分。电池本体110具有长度L、宽度H和和厚度D。
根据本申请的实施例，电池本体110的长度L大于电池本体110的宽度H，电池本体110的宽度H大于电池本体110的厚度D，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的宽度H满足：L/H＝4～21，根据本申请的另外一些实施例，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的宽度H满足：L/H＝9～13。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池100，通过设计电池本体110的长度L和宽度H的比值，可在一定体积下使电池本体110进行合理的扁长化，一方面利于在动力电池包内的整体排布(如实现根据本申请上述实施例的动力电池包10的排布)，从而提高动力电池包的空间利用率、扩大动力电池包的能量密度，进而增强动力电池包的续航能力；另一方面能够保证单体电池100具有足够大的散热面积，能够及时将内部的热量传导至外部，防止热量在内聚集，从而匹配较高的能量密度，支持续航能力的提升。
根据本申请的一些实施例，为了优化单体电池100在动力电池包内的排布，并提高单体电池100的散热能力，电池本体110的长度L与厚度D满足：L/D＝23～208。根据本申请的一些具体实施例，电池本体110的长度L与厚度D满足：L/D＝23～200。根据本申请的一些具体实施例，电池本体110的长度L与厚度D满足：L/D＝50～70。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图5所示，电池本体110构造为外表面平滑的长方体形，以具有一定的结构强度，例如，将电池极芯放入方形电池壳内，用盖板密封电池壳的开口部分，注入电解液。相比铝塑复合膜的电池，根据本申请实施例的单体电池100，的导热性能好，配合常规的电池热管理结构，可有效避免了大尺寸结构带来的散热问题。而相比圆柱形电池，空间利用率更高，生产组装工艺更简单。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池100布置于动力电池包10的包体200内时，电池本体110的长度方向和厚度方向可以沿水平方向延伸，电池本体110的宽度方向可以沿竖直方向延伸，即单体电池100侧立放置，该水平方向和竖直方向均以动力电池包10使用时(例如应用于电动车时)的方向为准。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，为了优化单体电池100在动力电池包10内的排布，以提高能量密度以提高续航能力，在包体200的有限空间内，使电池本体110的排布能加紧凑，能量更加集中，对单体电池100的其它参数作了设计。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的体积V满足：L/V＝0.0005mm ﹣2～0.002mm ﹣2；根据本申请的一些实施例，电池本体110的宽度H与电池本体110的体积V满足：H/V＝0.0001mm ﹣2～0.00015mm ﹣2；根据本申请的一些实施例，电池本体110的厚度D与电池本体110的体积V满足：D/V＝0.0000065mm ﹣2～0.00002mm ﹣2。由此对于一定体积的电池本体110，设计长度L、宽度H和厚度D中每一项与体积V的比例，从而优化单位数量的能量在空间上的分布，从而利于在包体200内的布置。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的表面积S满足：L/S＝0.002mm ﹣1～0.005mm ﹣1；根据本申请的一些实施例，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的能量E满足：L/E＝0.8mm·Wh ﹣1～2.45mm·Wh ﹣1，根据本申请的一些实施例，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的能量E满足：L/E＝1.65mm·Wh ﹣1～2.45mm·Wh ﹣1。这样，利于单体电池100在其长度方向上横跨包体200的相对两边，从而提高动力电池包10的续航能力，且兼顾单体电池100的结构强度和散热效果。
在本申请的一些其它示例中，电池本体110的表面积S与电池本体110的体积V满足：S/V＝0.1～0.350.1～0.35mm ﹣1。由此，既能够保证足够的散热面积以保证散热效果，又可以降低单体电池100的体积占比，利于多个单体电池100在动力电池包10布置的紧凑化。
根据本申请的具体实施例，电池本体110的表面积S与电池本体110的能量E满足：S/E≤1000。如：S/E≤1000mm 2·Wh ﹣1。这样可以保证单体电池100的表面散热充足，尤其是当动力电池采用三元或高镍三元正极材料时，电池内部热量能够及时传导，利于电池安全。此外，本申请的实施中的单体电池100为外表面平滑的方形电池，具有一定的结构强度，金属导热型良好，相比波纹增加表面积的电池，工艺和后期组装难度较小。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图5所示，单体电池100还包括第一极耳101和第二极耳102。
第一极耳101设于电池本体110的长度方向上的一端，第二极耳102设于电池本体110的长度方向上的另一端。换言之，单体电池100的长度方向可以为单体电池100内部的电流方向，即，单体电池100内部的电流方向如箭头B所示。这样，由于电流方向与单体电 池100的长度方向相同，单体电池100的有效散热面积更大、散热效率更好。这里，第一极耳101可以为单体电池100的正极耳，第二极耳102为单体电池100的负极耳；或者，第一极耳101为单体电池100的负极耳，第二极耳102为单体电池100的正极耳。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图5所示，单体电池100还包括防爆阀103。
防爆阀103设于电池本体110的长度方向上的至少一端。当单体电池100在发生故障时，单体电池100内部的气压增大，启动防爆阀103，防止单体电池100爆炸。
本领域的技术人员可以理解地是，防爆阀103的设置不仅可以应用于硬壳电池，如铝壳电池，而且可以应用于软包电池，此外，防爆阀103也可以设置在电池本体100的除端部外的其它位置。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，电池本体110的长度方向上的两端分别设有防爆阀103。
举例而言，如图2、图5和图11所示，单体电池100朝向第一边梁201的第一端设置有防爆阀103，第一边梁201内部设置有排气通道222，第一边梁201上与每个单体电池100的防爆阀103对应的位置均设置有进气口221，进气口221与排气通道222连通，包体200上设置有与排气通道222连通的排气孔；和/或
单体电池100朝向第二边梁202的第二端设置有防爆阀103，第二边梁202内部设置有排气通道222，第二边梁202上与每个单体电池100的防爆阀103对应的位置均设置有进气口221，进气口221与排气通道222连通，包体200上设置有与排气通道222连通的排气孔。
在相关技术中，在单体电池的使用过程中，如果其内部的气压增大到一定程度，则防爆阀开启，单体电池内部的火焰、烟雾或气体会通过防爆阀排出，该火焰、烟雾或气体会聚集在动力电池包的内部，若无法及时排出，则会对单体电池造成二次伤害。在本申请的实施例中，由于第一边梁201和/或第二边梁202上设置有与单体电池100的防爆阀103对应的进气口221，且第一边梁201和/或第二边梁202内部设置有排气通道222，当单体电池100内部气压增大时，其防爆阀103开启，其内部的火焰、烟雾或气体等将直接通过进气口221进入第一边梁201和/或第二边梁202内的排气通道222，并通过排气孔排出第一边梁201和或第二边梁202，例如，通过排气孔排到大气中，这样，该火焰、烟雾或气体便不会聚集在包体200内部，从而避免火焰、烟雾或气体对单体电池100造成二次伤害。
此外，多个单体电池100中每一个单体电池100的一端通过第一边梁201内的排气通道222排气，多个单体电池100中每一个单体电池100的另一端通过第二边梁202内的排气通道222排气，由此，单体电池100的两端通过不同的通道进行排气，增加了排气距离，形成交叉排气，从而能够降低温度。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请实施例的电动车1，该电动车可以包括商用车、特种车、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动滑板车等需要使用动力电池包为其提供电能，以驱动其行驶的电动车。
如图9和图10所示，根据本申请实施例的电动车1包括根据本申请上述实施例的动力电池包10，其中，包体200可以一体成型在电动车上，包体200也可以为单独生产的用于容纳并安装单体电池100的车用托盘。
根据本申请实施例的电动车1，通过利用根据本申请上述实施例的动力电池包10，能够在不扩大电池占用空间的情况下提升续航能力。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图9和图10所示，动力电池包10设置在电动车1的底部，包体200与电动车1的底盘固定连接。由于电动车1的底盘处的安装空间较大，将动力电池包10设置在电动车1的底盘处，可以尽可能地提高单体电池100的数量，从而提高电动车1的续航能力。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图9和图10所示，电动车1包括设置在电动车1的底部的一个动力电池包10，包体200与电动车1的底盘固定连接，动力电池包10的宽度方向沿电动车1的车身宽度方向布置，即，电动车1的左右方向，动力电池包10的长度方向沿电动车1的车身长度方向，即，电动车1的前后方向，单体电池100的长度方向沿动力电池包10的宽度方向布置，多个所述单体电池100沿所述动力电池包10的长度方向排列形成电池阵列。在其它实施例中，电动车1可以包括多个设置在电动车1的底部的动力电池包10，该多个动力电池包10的形状和尺寸可以相同，也可以不同，每个动力电池包10可以根据电动车1的底盘的形状及尺寸进行调整，多个动力电池包10沿车身的长度方向，即，前后方向排列。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，包体200的宽度F与车身宽度W的比值满足：50％≤F/W≤80％。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，所述单体电池100包括电池本体110，所述电池本体110的长度L为400mm～1500mm。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电动车1包括设置在所述电动车底部的一个动力电池包10，所述动力电池包10的宽度方向沿所述电动车1的车身宽度方向布置，所述动力电池包10的长度方向沿所述电动车1的车身长度方向布置，所述单体电池100的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向布置，多个所述单体电池100沿所述动力电池包10的长度方向排列形成电池阵列,所述单体电池100包括电池本体110，所述电池本体110的长度L为400mm～1500mm。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，单体电池100包括电池本体110，所述电池本体110的在所述动力电池包10的宽度方向上的长度L与车身宽度W满足：46％≤L/W≤76％。在上述实施例中，可以通过沿车身的宽度方向仅设置一个包体200实现，在其他可能的实施方式中，满足这样的尺寸要求的情况下，作为一些实施例，电池本体110的长度L为2000mm～2500mm。。通常，对于多数车辆而言，车身宽度W为500mm～2000mm，例如，500mm、1600mm、1800mm、2000mm,车身长度为500mm～5200mm，对于乘用车而言,乘用车的宽度通常为500mm～1800mm，车身的长度为500mm～5200mm，例如2000mm、2500mm、3000mm、3500mm、4000mm、4500mm、4700mm、5000mm、5200mm，车身的长度也可以为500mm～5000mm，车身的长度还可以为500mm～4700mm。
根据本申请的一些具体实施例，所述电动车1包括设置在所述电动车1底部的一个动力电池包10，所述动力电池包10的宽度方向沿所述电动车1的车身宽度方向布置，所述动力电池包10的长度方向沿所述电动车1的车身长度方向布置，所述单体电池100的长度方向沿所述动力电池包10的长度方向布置,多个所述单体电池100沿所述动力电池包10的宽度方向排列形成电池阵列。
根据本申请的一些具体实施例，所述电动车1包括设置在所述电动车1底部的一个动力电池包10，所述动力电池包10的宽度方向沿所述电动车1的车身宽度方向布置，所述动力电池包10的长度方向沿所述电动车1的车身长度方向布置，所述单体电池100的长度方向沿所述动力电池包10的长度方向布置，多个所述单体电池100沿所述动力电池包10的宽度方向排列形成电池阵列,所述单体电池100包括电池本体110，所述电池本体110的长度L为1500mm～2500mm。
根据本申请的一些具体实施例，所述电动车1包括设置在所述电动车1底部的一个动力电池包10，所述动力电池包10的宽度方向沿所述电动车1的车身宽度方向布置，所述动力电池包10的长度方向沿所述电动车1的车身长度方向布置，所述单体电池100的长度方向沿所述动力电池包10的长度方向布置，多个所述单体电池100沿所述动力电池包10的宽度方向排列形成电池阵列,所述单体电池100包括电池本体110，所述电池本体110的长度L为2000mm～2500mm。
根据本申请的一些具体示例，单体电池100包括电池本体110，所述电池本体110的在所述动力电池包10的长度方向上的长度L与车身长度X满足：40％≤L/X≤76％。
在本申请的一些其它实施例中，包体200的宽度F为500mm～1500mm，远大于中国专利文献CN107925028A公开的电池组壳体，以利于容纳如CN107925028A中电池组的电池模组400，保证续航能力，并匹配于车身尺寸。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，单体电池100包括电池本体110，电池本体110的长度L 与车身宽度W的比值满足：46％≤L/W≤76％。在本实施例中，可以沿车身的宽度方向仅设置一个单体电池100实现。在其他可能的实施方式中，满足这样的尺寸要求的情况下，可以在长度方向上设置多个电池模组400或多个单体电池100来实现。作为一些实施例，电池本体110的长度L为400mm～1500mm。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池100、动力电池包10和电动车1的其他构成以及操作对于本领域普通技术人员而言都是已知的，这里不再详细描述。
综上，相对于现有技术，本申请可将单体电池的尺寸设计较长，最长可到2500mm，将该单体电池应用于电池包所带来的技术效果：
①电池包的体积利用率显著提高，电池包的体积能量密度提高：行业目前的体积利用率在40％左右，而我们的设计在电池包内部能全部布上电池，体积利用率能提高到60％以上，甚至达到80％，其体积能量密度提升20％以上。同样的车采用本发明的电池及布置方式，能量能提升20％-30％，车能跑的公里数也能提升20％-30％。
②、电池包的成本显著降低：单体电池本身可承担机械加强作用，可以省掉或者减少电池托盘的加强筋，电池包的制造工艺简单，制造成本降低；同时本申请的单体电池尺寸能与电池包的尺寸相配合，单体电池可直接并列布置在电池包中，无需像现有技术中，必须先将多个单体电池并列布置在由两个端板和两个侧板围设形成的模组框架内，再将电池模组组装成电池包，本申请的单体电池尺寸够长，可直接将多个单体电池并列布置在电池包中，省掉了或者减少了组装电池模组的使用的端板、侧板以及大量用于固定安装电池模组的螺钉等紧固件，单体电池的组装工艺更为简单，节省了大量的人力、物力还等制造成本，更利于电动车的普及。
③、电池包稳定性、可靠性增加：电池包组装工艺的越复杂，产生不良率的概率越高，电池包出现松动、安装不牢固的可能性也会增加，对电池包的品质造成不良影响，电池包的稳定性下降，可靠性降低。采用本申请的单体电池组装成电池包，由于组装工艺变得更加简单了，电池包稳定性和可靠性增加，电池包的不良率降低。
④电池包的散热安全性能显著提高：电池包的温升是由产热和散热共同作用的结果，在相同容量的前提下，单体电池的产热量成定值，本申请将单体大体进行扁长化设计，单体电池的散热效果更好，单体电池的温升下降，在电池包工况一定的前提下，采用该单体电池，电池包的的温升下降，由此电池包的安全性能也大大提高。
基于以上单体电池较长带来的显著的技术效果，为实现单体电池对自身的支承，可通过成型工艺、结构设计等方面的改进提高外壳的支承强度，同时将外壳的长宽比控制在预定范围内。同时，可通过集流路径的优化等方式降低单体电池的内阻。此外，还可辅以注液工艺的改进，解决单体电池尺寸较长带来的注液时间较长的问题。
下面通过对比例1和实施例1～2、对比例2和实施例3～4以及对比例3和实施例5～6说明，根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10，通过对单体电池100的排布及尺寸参数等的设计，在能量密度等方面的提升。
以下实施例和对比例均以电量为73kwh的磷酸铁锂电池为例。
对比例1、实施例1、实施例2中，电池包的总体积为213L，其包体与内部电池管理系统及其它配电模块所占体积的综合为58L，电池包的实际剩余能够容纳单体电池和横梁、以及纵梁的体积为155L，配电箱的体积22.5L，其中，包体的长度为1380mm、宽度为1005mm、厚度为137mm。电池包的总体积213L＝1380×1005×137×0.000001+22.5。其中，动力电池包的宽度方向沿车身的宽度方向布置，动力电池包的长度方向沿车身的长度方向布置。车身的宽为1880mm。
对比例1
现有技术中的动力电池包10′，如图1所示，包体200″内设置有两个横梁500′和一个纵梁600′，两个横梁500′和一个纵梁600′将单体电池分隔成六个电池组400′，每个电池组400′均具有侧板和端板。
实施例1
根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10，如图13所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿动力电池包的宽度方向B布置，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的长度方向A排列，在动力电池包的宽度方向B上，包体200容纳一个单体电池100，单体电池100在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上从包体200的一侧延伸到另一侧。包体200内设置有一个横梁500，不设置纵梁600，横梁500沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B延伸，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的长度方向A排列形成电池阵列，横梁500将电池阵列沿动力电池包10的长度方向A分割成两部分。包体200的位于动力电池包10宽度方向B两侧的第一边梁201和第二边梁202为单体电池100提供支撑力，包体200的位于动力电池包10长度方向A两端的第一端梁203和第二端梁204位邻近的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。包体200内沿动力电池包10的高度方向C含有一层电池阵列。该动力电池包10的电池阵列(也可理解为电池模组)不设置端板和侧板。
实施例2
根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10，如图14所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿动力电 池包的宽度方向B布置，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的长度方向A排列，在动力电池包的宽度方向B上，包体200容纳一个单体电池100，单体电池100在动力电池包10的宽度方向B上从包体200的一侧延伸到另一侧。包体200内不设置横梁500和纵梁600。包体200的位于动力电池包10宽度方向B两侧的第一边梁201和第二边梁202为单体电池100提供支撑力，包体200的位于动力电池包10长度方向A两端的第一端梁203和第二端梁204位邻近的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。包体200内沿动力电池包10的高度方向C含有一层电池阵列。该动力电池包10的电池阵列(也可理解为电池模组)不设置端板和侧板。
本领域的技术人员通过对比上述对比例1和实施例1-3可知，相比现有技术中的动力电池包10′，根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10，通过单体电池100的排布、尺寸参数以及其它因素的设计，空间利用率能够突破现有动力电池包的限制，从而实现更高的能量密度。
对比例2、实施例3中，实施例4中，电池包的总体积为283L，其包体与内部电池管理系统及其它配电模块所占体积的综合为89L，电池包的实际剩余能够容纳单体电池和/或横梁、纵梁的体积为221L，其中，包体的长度为1380mm、宽度为1380mm、厚度为137mm，配电箱的体积为11L，电池包的总体积310L＝1580×1380×137×0.000001+11。其中，动力电池包的宽度方向沿车身的宽度方向布置，动力电池包的长度方向沿车身的长度方向布置。车身的宽为1950mm。
对比例2
现有技术中的动力电池包10′，如图1所示，包体200″内设置有两个横梁500′和一个纵梁600′，两个横梁500′和一个纵梁600′将单体电池分隔成六个电池模组400′，每个电池模组400′均具有侧板和端板。
实施例3
根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10，如图15所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿动力电池包的长度方向A布置，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B排列，在动力电池包的长度方向A上，包体200容纳一个单体电池100，单体电池100在动力电池包10的长度方向A上从包体200的一侧延伸到另一侧。包体200内设置有一个纵梁600，不设置横梁500，纵梁600沿动力电池包10的长度方向A延伸，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B排列形成电池阵列，纵梁600将电池阵列沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B分割成两部分。包体200的位于动力电池包10长度方向A两端的第一端梁203和第二端梁 204为单体电池100提供支撑力，包体200的位于动力电池包10宽度方向B两侧的第一边梁201和第二边梁202位邻近的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。包体200内沿动力电池包10的高度方向C含有一层电池阵列。该动力电池包10的电池阵列(也可理解为电池模组)不设置端板和侧板。
实施例4
根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10，如图16所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿动力电池包的长度方向A布置，多个单体电池100沿动力电池包10的宽度方向B排列，在动力电池包的长度方向A上，包体200容纳一个单体电池100，单体电池100在动力电池包10的长度方向A上从包体200的一侧延伸到另一侧。包体200内不设置横梁500和纵梁600。包体200的位于动力电池包10长度方向A两端的第一端梁203和第二端梁204为单体电池100提供支撑力，包体200的位于动力电池包10宽度方向B两侧的第一边梁201和第二边梁202位邻近的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。包体200内沿动力电池包10的高度方向C含有一层电池阵列。该动力电池包10的电池阵列(也可理解为电池模组)不设置端板和侧板。
对比例3、实施例5、实施例6中电池包的总体积为414L，其包体与内部电池管理系统及其它配电模块所占体积的综合为58L，电池包的实际剩余能够容纳单体电池和/或横梁、纵梁的体积为356L，其中，包体的长度为2130mm、宽度为1380mm、厚度为137mm，配电箱的体积为11L，电池包的总体积414L＝2130×1380×137×0.000001+11。其中，动力电池包的宽度方向沿车身的宽度方向布置，动力电池包的长度方向沿车身的长度方向布置。车身的长度为4700mm。
对比例3
该实施例中，单体电池100在电池包10中的排列方式与对比例1中排列方式相同。
实施例5
该实施例中，单体电池100在电池包10中的排列方式与实施例5的排列方式相同。
实施例6
该实施例中，动力电池包10的总体积为508L，其包体200与内部电池管理系统及其它配电模块所占体积的综合为119L，动力电池包10的实际剩余能够容纳单体电池和/或横纵梁的体积为389L，其中，车身长度为5200，包体200的长度为2630mm、宽度为1380mm、厚度为137mm，单体电池的长度为2500mm、宽度为118mm、高度为13.5mm。其中，动力电 池包的宽度方向沿车身的宽度方向布置，动力电池包的长度方向沿车身的长度方向布置。车身的长为5200mm。本实施例中，单体电池在电池包中的排列方式与实施例5的排列方式相同。
实施例1-7、对比例1-3的具体参数如表1。
表1
Figure PCTCN2019092390-appb-000001
本领域的技术人员通过对比上述对比例1和实施例1～2可知，相比现有技术中的动力电池包10′，根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10，通过单体电池100的排布、尺寸参数以及其它因素的设计，如单体电池的长度与车身的宽度方向上的尺寸之比或者单体电池的长度与车身的长度方向上的尺寸之比，可以充分利用车身在单体电池延伸方向上的空间，从 而实现更高的能量密度。
本领域的技术人员通过对比上述对比例2和实施例3～4，不仅可知根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10，通过单体电池100的排布、尺寸参数以及其它因素的设计，如单体电池的长度与车身的宽度方向上的尺寸之比或者单体电池的长度与车身的长度方向上的尺寸之比，从而实现更高的能量密度。而且这种能量密度的提高，随着动力电池包的整体体积的增大，会被放大，即对于体积越大的动力电池包，采用本申请实施例的方案对能量密度的提高效果越为显著。
本领域的技术人员通过对比上述对比例3和实施例5～6可知，根据本申请实施例的动力电池包10，通过单体电池100的排布、尺寸参数以及其它因素的设计，如单体电池的长度与车身的宽度方向上的尺寸之比或者单体电池的长度与车身的长度方向上的尺寸之比，可以充分利用车身在单体电池延伸方向上的空间，当车身的尺寸一定时，本申请能够实现更高的能量密度。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“具体实施例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (44)

  1. 一种动力电池包，所述动力电池包用于为电动车提供动力，其特征在于，包括：
    包体；
    多个单体电池，多个所述单体电池设于所述包体内；所述单体电池具有长度L 0、宽度H 0、厚度D 0,其中，L 0＞H 0≥D 0；
    当所述动力电池包放置于所述电动车上时，所述单体电池的长度方向沿电动车的宽度方向或长度方向延伸；
    当所述单体电池的长度方向沿电动车的宽度方向延伸时，所述单体电池的长度L 0与所述电动车的车身的宽度方向上的尺寸W满足：46％≤L 0/W≤76％；或；
    当单体电池的长度方向沿电动车的长度方向延伸时，单体电池的长度L 0与所述电动车的车身的长度方向上的尺寸X满足：40％≤L 0/X≤76％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述多个单体电池的体积之和V1与所述动力电池包的体积V2满足：V1/V2≥55％。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，V1/V2≥60％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的长度方向排列；
    所述包体在所述动力电池包的宽度方向上，仅容纳一个所述单体电池。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的长度方向排列；
    在所述动力电池包的宽度方向上，所述单体电池的一端和与其相邻的包体边梁之间的最近距离为L1，所述单体电池的另一端和与其相邻的包体边梁之间的最近距离为L2，所述单体电池的长度L 0满足：L1+L2＜L 0。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的长度方向排列；
    沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向，所述单体电池由所述包体一侧延伸到另一侧。
  7. 根据权利要求4～6中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述包体内至少设置一个沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向延伸的横梁，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的长度方向排列形成电池阵列，所述横梁将所述电池阵列沿所述动力电池包的长度方向分割成至少两部分，所述电池阵列的每一部分包含至少一个单体电池。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的长度方向排列形成电 池阵列，所述包体内沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向上布置有至少两排电池阵列，每排电池阵列包括多个沿所述动力电池包的长度方向排列的单体电池，所述包体内至少设置一个沿所述动力电池包的长度方向延伸的纵梁，所述纵梁位于相邻两排电池阵列之间。
  9. 根据权利要求4～6和8中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述包体包括位于所述动力电池包宽度方向两侧的边梁，所述单体电池长度方向的两端支撑在所述边梁上；
    所述包体包括位于所述动力电池包长度方向两端的端梁，所述端梁为邻近其的单体电池提供向内的压紧力。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的长度方向排列形成电池阵列，所述包体内沿所述动力电池包的高度方向含有至少两层电池阵列。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的长度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向排列；
    所述包体在所述动力电池包的长度方向上，仅容纳一个所述单体电池。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的长度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向排列；
    在所述动力电池包的长度方向上，所述单体电池的一端和与其相邻的包体端梁之间的最近距离为L3，所述单体电池的另一端和与其相邻的包体端梁之间的最近距离为L4，所述单体电池的长度L 0满足：L3+L4＜L 0。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的长度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向排列；
    沿所述动力电池包长度方向，所述单体电池由所述包体一端延伸到另一端。
  14. 根据权利要求11～13中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述包体内至少设置一个沿所述动力电池包的长度方向延伸的纵梁，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向排列形成电池阵列，所述纵梁将所述电池阵列沿所述动力电池的宽度方向分割成至少两部分，所述电池阵列的每一部分包含至少一个单体电池。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的长度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向排列形成电池阵列，所述包体内沿所述动力电池包的长度方向上布置有至少两排电池阵列，每排电池阵列包括多个沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向排列的单体电池，所述包体内至少设置一个沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向延伸的横梁，所述横梁位于相邻两排电池阵列之间。
  16. 根据权利要求11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述包体包括位于所述动力电池包长度方向两端的端梁，所述单体电池长度方向的两端支撑在所述端 梁上；
    所述包体包括位于所述动力电池包宽度方向两侧的侧梁，所述侧梁为邻近其的单体电池提供向内的压紧力。
  17. 根据权利要求11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的长度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向排列形成电池阵列，所述包体内沿所述动力电池包的高度方向含有至少两层电池阵列。
  18. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述包体包括与车身配合连接的车用托盘。
  19. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述包体的在所述动力电池包的宽度方向上的宽度F为500mm～1500mm。
  20. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，还包括电池管理系统和/或电池热管理系统。
  21. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述包体形成在电动车上。
  22. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述动力电池包的宽度方向沿所述电动车的车身宽度方向布置，所述动力电池包的长度方向沿所述电动车的车身长度方向布置；或
    所述动力电池包的宽度方向沿车身长度方向布置，所述动力电池包的长度方向沿车身宽度方向布置。
  23. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体具有长度L、宽度H和和厚度D，所述电池本体的长度L大于宽度H，所述电池本体的宽度H大于厚度D，其中，所述电池本体的长度L与宽度H满足：L/H＝4～21。
  24. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度L与所述电池本体的厚度D满足：L/D＝23～208。
  25. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度L与所述电池本体的体积V满足：L/V＝0.00045mm ﹣2～0.0015mm ﹣2。
  26. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的宽度H与所述电池本体的体积V满足：H/V＝ 0.0001mm ﹣2～0.00015mm ﹣2。
  27. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的厚度D与所述电池本体的体积V满足：D/V＝0.0000065mm ﹣2～0.00002mm ﹣2。
  28. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度L与所述电池本体的表面积S满足：L/S＝0.002mm ﹣1～0.005mm ﹣1。
  29. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的表面积S与所述电池本体的体积V满足：S/V＝0.1mm ﹣1～0.35mm ﹣1。
  30. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度L为400mm～2500mm。
  31. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池为铝壳方形电池且包括电池本体和防爆阀，所述防爆阀设于所述电池本体的长度方向上的至少一端。
  32. 根据权利要求1、4～6、8、11～13和15中任一项所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度方向上的两端分别设有防爆阀。
  33. 一种电动车，其特征在于，所述电动车包括权利要求1～32中任一项所述的动力电池包。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述动力电池包设置在所述电动车的底部，所述包体与所述电动车的底盘固定连接。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电动车包括设置在所述电动车底部的一个动力电池包，所述动力电池包的宽度方向沿所述电动车的车身宽度方向布置，所述动力电池包的长度方向沿所述电动车的车身长度方向布置，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的宽度方向布置。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述包体的宽度F与车身宽度W满足：50％≤F/W≤80％。
  37. 根据权利要求35所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度L为400mm～1500mm。
  38. 根据权利要求35所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的在所述动力电池包的宽度方向上的长度L与车身宽度W满足：46％≤L/W≤76％。
  39. 根据权利要求35所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述车身宽度W为500mm～2000mm。
  40. 根据权利要求34所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电动车包括设置在所述电动车底部的一个动力电池包，所述动力电池包的宽度方向沿所述电动车的车身宽度方向布置，所述动力电池包的长度方向沿所述电动车的车身长度方向布置，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述动力电池包的长度方向布置。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度L为1500mm～2500mm。
  42. 根据权利要求41所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电池本体的长度L为2000mm～2500mm。
  43. 根据权利要求40所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的在所述动力电池包的长度方向上的长度L与电动车的车身长度X满足：40％≤L/X≤76％。
  44. 根据权利要求40所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述车身长度X为500mm～5200mm。
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