ATE291090T1 - Deblockierung des gemeinsamen syntheseweges von aromatischen aminosäuren - Google Patents
Deblockierung des gemeinsamen syntheseweges von aromatischen aminosäurenInfo
- Publication number
- ATE291090T1 ATE291090T1 AT95922268T AT95922268T ATE291090T1 AT E291090 T1 ATE291090 T1 AT E291090T1 AT 95922268 T AT95922268 T AT 95922268T AT 95922268 T AT95922268 T AT 95922268T AT E291090 T1 ATE291090 T1 AT E291090T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- synthase
- dna sequences
- sequences encoding
- deblocking
- amino acids
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract 4
- 108091029865 Exogenous DNA Proteins 0.000 abstract 2
- 108010080376 3-Deoxy-7-Phosphoheptulonate Synthase Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 108050006180 3-dehydroquinate synthase Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- QUTYKIXIUDQOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1-carboxyethenoxy)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxycyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC1C(OC(=C)C(O)=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC1OP(O)(O)=O QUTYKIXIUDQOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 108010003662 Chorismate synthase Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000001253 Protein Kinase Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108050008280 Shikimate dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000014701 Transketolase Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108010043652 Transketolase Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000001236 prokaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 108020001482 shikimate kinase Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1085—Transferases (2.) transferring alkyl or aryl groups other than methyl groups (2.5)
- C12N9/1092—3-Phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (2.5.1.19), i.e. 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/52—Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
- C12N9/1205—Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1), e.g. protein kinases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/88—Lyases (4.)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
- C12P13/22—Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Phenylalanine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
- C12P13/22—Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Phenylalanine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
- C12P13/222—Phenylalanine
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/257,354 US5776736A (en) | 1992-12-21 | 1994-06-09 | Deblocking the common pathway of aromatic amino acid synthesis |
| PCT/US1995/007321 WO1995033843A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-08 | Deblocking the common pathway of aromatic amino acid synthesis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATE291090T1 true ATE291090T1 (de) | 2005-04-15 |
Family
ID=22975972
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT95922268T ATE291090T1 (de) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-08 | Deblockierung des gemeinsamen syntheseweges von aromatischen aminosäuren |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5776736A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0763127B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE291090T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE69534079T2 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2240973T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1995033843A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (50)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69637492T2 (de) | 1995-05-05 | 2009-06-04 | Genencor International, Inc., Palo Alto | Anwendung von Glukosetransportmutanten zur Herstellung von Verbindungen des aromatischen Syntheseweges |
| CA2220850A1 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 1998-07-21 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Novel aroe |
| EP0861895A3 (de) * | 1997-02-21 | 2000-01-26 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | AroE Shikimate 5 Dehydrogenase aus Staphylococcus Aureus |
| US6210937B1 (en) | 1997-04-22 | 2001-04-03 | Bechtel Bwxt Idaho, Llc | Development of genetically engineered bacteria for production of selected aromatic compounds |
| US6653531B1 (en) | 1998-07-21 | 2003-11-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Chorismate synthase from plants |
| JP2002522024A (ja) * | 1998-07-21 | 2002-07-23 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | コリスミ酸生合成酵素 |
| US6911331B2 (en) | 1998-07-21 | 2005-06-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Chorismate biosynthesis enzymes |
| US6372461B1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2002-04-16 | Board Of Directors Operating Michigan State University | Synthesis of vanillin from a carbon source |
| US6030819A (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2000-02-29 | General Electric Company | Genetically engineered microorganisms and method for producing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid |
| AU5299000A (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2000-12-18 | Tony Romeo | A global regulator used to enhance the synthesis of aromatic substances |
| US6472190B1 (en) * | 2000-03-16 | 2002-10-29 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State Univerisity | Biocatalytic synthesis of galloid organics |
| PL358913A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2004-08-23 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the fermentative preparation of l-amino acids with amplification of the tkt gene |
| US20030109014A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2003-06-12 | Kevin Burke | Process for the fermentative preparation of L-amino acids with amplification of the tkt gene |
| US6465217B1 (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2002-10-15 | Paradigm Genetics, Inc. | Methods and compositions for the modulation of chorismate synthase and chorismate mutase expression or activity in plants |
| JP2005534328A (ja) * | 2002-08-06 | 2005-11-17 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー.ブイ. | 微生物の好気性発酵によるl−3,4−ジヒドロキシフェニルアラニンの製造法 |
| EP1546304B1 (de) * | 2002-10-04 | 2013-05-08 | Danisco US Inc. | VERBESSERTE PRODUKTION VON BAKTERIENSTûMMEN |
| US20050079617A1 (en) | 2003-10-03 | 2005-04-14 | Cervin Marguerite A. | Glucose transport mutants for production of biomaterial |
| US7056742B2 (en) * | 2003-06-16 | 2006-06-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | High Level production of arbutin in green plants |
| ES2576986T3 (es) | 2005-06-07 | 2016-07-12 | Dsm Nutritional Products Ag | Microorganismos eucariotas para la producción de lípidos y antioxidantes |
| JP2007117082A (ja) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-05-17 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸生産菌及びl−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| JP2009165355A (ja) | 2006-04-28 | 2009-07-30 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸を生産する微生物及びl−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| JP5531324B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-01 | 2014-06-25 | ディーエスエム ニュートリショナル プロダクツ アーゲー | 油生産微生物およびその改変方法 |
| RU2006129690A (ru) | 2006-08-16 | 2008-02-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт Аджиномото-Генетика" (ЗАО АГРИ) (RU) | СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ L-АМИНОКИСЛОТЫ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БАКТЕРИЙ СЕМЕЙСТВА Enterobacteriaceae, В КОТОРОЙ ОСЛАБЛЕНА ЭКСПРЕССИЯ ГЕНА ydiN, ГЕНА ydiB ИЛИ ИХ КОМБИНАЦИИ |
| JP2010017081A (ja) * | 2006-10-10 | 2010-01-28 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| JP2010017082A (ja) * | 2006-10-10 | 2010-01-28 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| JP2010041920A (ja) * | 2006-12-19 | 2010-02-25 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| BRPI0806790B1 (pt) * | 2007-01-22 | 2017-02-14 | Ajinomoto Kk | microorganismo, e, método para produzir um l-aminoácido |
| JP2010088301A (ja) | 2007-02-01 | 2010-04-22 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| JP2010110216A (ja) | 2007-02-20 | 2010-05-20 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸または核酸の製造方法 |
| US8435769B2 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2013-05-07 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Use of glyphosate to produce shikimic acid in microorganisms |
| EP2201123B1 (de) * | 2007-10-16 | 2012-01-18 | Monsanto Technology, LLC | Verfahren zur rückgewinnung von shikimisäure |
| JP2011067095A (ja) | 2008-01-10 | 2011-04-07 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | 発酵法による目的物質の製造法 |
| WO2010027022A1 (ja) | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-11 | 味の素株式会社 | L-アミノ酸生産菌及びl-アミノ酸の製造法 |
| WO2010027045A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-11 | 味の素株式会社 | L-アミノ酸を生産する微生物及びl-アミノ酸の製造法 |
| JP2012029565A (ja) | 2008-11-27 | 2012-02-16 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| JP2012223091A (ja) | 2009-08-25 | 2012-11-15 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| JP2012223092A (ja) | 2009-08-28 | 2012-11-15 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| JP2013013329A (ja) | 2009-11-06 | 2013-01-24 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| EP2591112B1 (de) | 2010-07-06 | 2017-08-23 | Yeda Research and Development Co. Ltd. | Transgene pflanzen mit geänderter dahp-synthase-aktivität |
| KR20140091742A (ko) | 2011-11-11 | 2014-07-22 | 아지노모토 가부시키가이샤 | 발효법에 의한 목적 물질의 제조법 |
| WO2014141098A1 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | Dsm Nutritional Products Ag | Engineering microorganisms |
| BR112015007916B1 (pt) | 2013-05-13 | 2023-04-04 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc | Método para produzir l-aminoácido |
| EP3053999B1 (de) | 2013-10-02 | 2019-11-20 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur ammoniakkontrolle |
| ES2694011T3 (es) | 2013-10-21 | 2018-12-17 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Método para producir L-aminoácido |
| BR112016008830B1 (pt) | 2013-10-23 | 2023-02-23 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc | Método para produzir uma substância alvo |
| JP2017131111A (ja) | 2014-06-03 | 2017-08-03 | 味の素株式会社 | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| JP7066977B2 (ja) | 2017-04-03 | 2022-05-16 | 味の素株式会社 | L-アミノ酸の製造法 |
| WO2020071538A1 (en) | 2018-10-05 | 2020-04-09 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Method for producing target substance by bacterial fermentation |
| US12314351B2 (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2025-05-27 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Network communication using proof of presence |
| JPWO2023195475A1 (de) | 2022-04-04 | 2023-10-12 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH616706A5 (de) * | 1973-11-23 | 1980-04-15 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | |
| DE3128411A1 (de) * | 1980-07-18 | 1983-09-15 | Unisearch Ltd., 2033 Kensington, New South Wales | Kulturstamm-mutante von esccherichia coli sowie verfahren zur herstellung von phenylalanin |
| JPH0732710B2 (ja) * | 1983-05-28 | 1995-04-12 | 協和醗酵工業株式会社 | フエニ−ルアラニンの製造法 |
| JPS6178378A (ja) * | 1984-09-27 | 1986-04-21 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | 芳香族アミノ酸生合成遺伝子を含有する組換えdna及びそれを有するコリネ型細菌 |
| JPH0746994B2 (ja) * | 1984-10-04 | 1995-05-24 | 味の素株式会社 | 発酵法によるl−アミノ酸の製造法 |
| EP0190921A3 (de) * | 1985-02-04 | 1988-01-13 | Engenics, Inc. | Verfahren zur Überproduktion von Aminosäuren |
| US4753883A (en) * | 1986-05-07 | 1988-06-28 | Biotechnica International, Inc. | Enzyme deregulation |
| JP2967996B2 (ja) * | 1989-06-06 | 1999-10-25 | 協和醗酵工業株式会社 | L―トリプトファンの製造法 |
| US5168056A (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1992-12-01 | Purdue Research Foundation | Enhanced production of common aromatic pathway compounds |
| KR940011838B1 (ko) * | 1991-09-12 | 1994-12-26 | 주식회사 미원 | 유전자 조작 미생물 발효에 의한 l-페닐알라닌의 제조방법 |
| US5272073A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1993-12-21 | Purdue Research Foundation | Biocatalytic synthesis of catechol from glucose |
-
1994
- 1994-06-09 US US08/257,354 patent/US5776736A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-06-08 WO PCT/US1995/007321 patent/WO1995033843A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-06-08 EP EP95922268A patent/EP0763127B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-08 ES ES95922268T patent/ES2240973T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-08 AT AT95922268T patent/ATE291090T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-08 DE DE69534079T patent/DE69534079T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69534079D1 (de) | 2005-04-21 |
| EP0763127A4 (de) | 1998-04-01 |
| EP0763127A1 (de) | 1997-03-19 |
| ES2240973T3 (es) | 2005-10-16 |
| DE69534079T2 (de) | 2006-04-13 |
| EP0763127B1 (de) | 2005-03-16 |
| US5776736A (en) | 1998-07-07 |
| WO1995033843A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ATE291090T1 (de) | Deblockierung des gemeinsamen syntheseweges von aromatischen aminosäuren | |
| ATE442443T1 (de) | Verfahren zur fermentativen herstellung von d- pantothensäure durch verstärkung des pand-gens in mikroorganismen | |
| DK0782621T3 (da) | Mikroorganismer samt fremgangsmåde til overproduktion af DAHP ved hjælp af klonet PPS-gen | |
| CA2166685A1 (en) | An enzyme with protease activity | |
| DK0698105T3 (da) | Nukleotidsekvenser til styring af ekspressionen af DNAsekvenser i en værtscelle | |
| BR9508022A (pt) | Bactéria corineforme produtora de ácido l-glutâmico, processo para produzir ácido l-glutâmico, gene codificando para uma enzima, dna recombinante, bactéria corineforme, e, processo para produzir l-lisina | |
| BR9815361B1 (pt) | método para produção de glicerol a partir de um microorganismo recombinante e microorganismo hospedeiro transformado. | |
| AU6414196A (en) | A modified enzyme with lipolytic activity | |
| AU6860396A (en) | Purified coprinus laccases and nucleic acids encoding same | |
| AU1672388A (en) | Expression of human proapolipoprotein a-i | |
| ES2061643T3 (es) | Factor inhibidor de la leucemia. | |
| EP1076094A3 (de) | Plasmid, das in coryneformen Bakterien zu einer Selbstreplikation fähig ist | |
| EP0962531A3 (de) | Isoliertes Polypeptidfragment, das die Interferon-gamma Produktion induziert, und für das Polypeptid kodierende DNA | |
| ID21555A (id) | Metoda untuk produksi gliserol oleh organisme-organisme yang direkombinasi | |
| DE60020943D1 (de) | HYDANTOINASE-VARIANTEN MIT VERBESSERTEN EIGENSCHAFTEN UND IHRE ANWENDUNG ZUR PRODUKTION VON AMINOSäUREN | |
| EP0889133A3 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von mikrobieller Transglutaminase | |
| BR0016656A (pt) | Bactéria corineforme, método para produzir um l-aminoácido, e, dna | |
| EP0857789A3 (de) | Ferulasäure decarboxylase | |
| WO2002030958A3 (de) | Casein-peptidfragmente mit wachstumsbeeinflussender aktivität auf zellkulturen | |
| Frost et al. | Deblocking the common pathway of aromatic amino acid synthesis | |
| EP1022332A4 (de) | Beta-fruktofuranosidase und dafür kodierendes gen | |
| ATE214426T1 (de) | Entsperrung des gemeinsamen syntheseweges von aromatischen aminosäuren | |
| DE59712554D1 (de) | Rekombinante expression von s-layer-proteinen | |
| MXPA04000397A (es) | Polipeptidos que tienen actividad catalitica de isomerasa de carotenoides, acidos nucleicos que los codifican y usos de los mismos. | |
| AU2001237438A1 (en) | Potassium channel protein kcnq5, a target for diseases of central nervous systemand cardiovascular system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties |