BRPI0706855B1 - Conjunto de placas de assoalho à prova de umidade, essencialmente idênticas, bem como assoalho à prova de umidade - Google Patents

Conjunto de placas de assoalho à prova de umidade, essencialmente idênticas, bem como assoalho à prova de umidade Download PDF

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BRPI0706855B1
BRPI0706855B1 BRPI0706855-7A BRPI0706855A BRPI0706855B1 BR PI0706855 B1 BRPI0706855 B1 BR PI0706855B1 BR PI0706855 A BRPI0706855 A BR PI0706855A BR PI0706855 B1 BRPI0706855 B1 BR PI0706855B1
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Marcus Bergelin
Mats Nilsson
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Välinge Innovation AB
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Abstract

conjunto de placas de assoalho a prova de umidade essencialmente identicas e assoalho a prova de umidade a presente invenção relaciona-se com um conjunto de placas de assoalho à prova de umidade (1, 1') e um assoalho de tais placas de assoalho com uma camada superficial resiliente (4) provida com uma ranhura decorativa (7) e/ou um meio de selagem (51, 52, 53, 54)

Description

Área da invenção
[001] A presente invenção relaciona-se com um conjunto de placas de assoalho e assoalho à prova de umidade com uma camada superficial resiliente compreendendo uma ranhura decorativa e/ou meios de selagem.
Antecedentes da invenção
[002] Em particular, ainda que não de uma maneira restritiva, a invenção diz respeito a uma placa de assoalho compreendendo um sistema de travamento mecânico, formado pelo menos em duas bordas opostas e uma camada superficial resiliente provida com uma ranhura decorativa. A descrição seguinte da técnica anterior, problemas de sistemas conhecidos e objetivos e características da invenção se direcionará, acima de tudo, como um exemplo não restritivo, ao campo de aplicação. Deve ser enfatizado que a invenção pode ser usada em qualquer placa de assoalho e ela pode ser combinada com todos os tipos de sistema de travamento conhecidos, onde as placas de assoalho são intencionadas a serem unidas usando um sistema de trava- mento mecânico conectando os painéis nas direções horizontal e vertical em pelo menos dois lados adjacentes.
[003] É sabido que uma placa de assoalho com uma camada superficial resiliente pode ser provida com uma porção de junta decorativa, na forma de um chanfro, por exemplo como descrito na WO 03/12224.
Sumário da invenção
[004] As placas de assoalho com uma camada superficial resiliente com uma porção de junta decorativa conhecidas até agora têm várias desvantagens. Somente é possível prover a borda com um chanfro, o qual é menor do que a espessura da camada superficial resiliente. Se o chanfro for feito maior, o chanfro se estende para baixo até o núcleo sensível à umidade. A camada resiliente é normalmente fina, e portanto somente é possível produzir chanfros pequenos, que são muito pouco visíveis. Uma outra desvantagem é que as bordas tanto unidas quanto adjacentes de duas placas de assoalho têm que ser providas com o chanfro, para parecerem atraentes e para aumentar a largura total da porção de junta decorativa. As juntas conhecidas entre duas placas de assoalho com uma camada superficial resiliente também têm o problema de penetração de umidade na junta, o que destrói o núcleo ou contrapiso sensível à umidade. O problema aumenta se as placas de assoalho na junta forem providas com chanfros, devido ao acúmulo de sujeira e umidade no fundo da ranhura em V, formado pelos dois chanfros adjacentes, e uma parte de barreira fina remanescente do material resiliente.
[005] A presente invenção visa um assoalho à prova de umidade e um conjunto de placas de assoalho à prova de umidade com uma camada superficial resiliente compreendendo uma ranhura decorativa, que provê novas configurações oferecendo respectivas vantagens. Uma área útil para as placas de assoalho são assoalhos públicos, p.ex., em lojas, restaurantes, navios, hotéis, aeroportos, ou em casa em quartos que são fortemente expostos a sujeira e portanto freqüen- temente limpos com esfregação. Uma outra área útil são quartos úmidos. Placa de assoalho à prova de umidade significa que a face frontal da placa de assoalho é provida com um material à prova de umidade e que meios conectores e bordas da placa de assoalho são configurados para obter uma junta entre a placa de assoalho e uma outra placa de assoalho adjacente que é à prova de umidade.
[006] De acordo com um primeiro aspecto, a invenção provê um conjunto de placas de assoalho à prova de umidade, compreendendo uma face frontal, uma face traseira, um núcleo, meios conectores arranjados em pelo menos duas bordas opostas para conectar a placa de assoalho com uma placa de assoalho similar, uma camada superficial resiliente na face frontal, preferivelmente de borracha ou plástico. A camada superficial resiliente compreende uma ranhura decorativa em uma borda da placa de assoalho. O fundo da ranhura decorativa é essencialmente chato e paralelo à face frontal.
[007] Uma primeira vantagem consiste em que não há limitação da largura da ranhura decorativa. Mesmo uma ranhura decorativa grande é à prova de água e protege o núcleo ou o contrapiso. Uma segunda vantagem é que somente metade da quantidade de bordas tem que ser trabalhada, uma vez que é possível substituir duas ranhuras estreitas com uma larga.
[008] Preferivelmente a borda com a ranhura decorativa é provida na camada resiliente com meio de selagem configurado para cooperar com um outro meio de selagem na camada resiliente em uma borda de uma outra placa de assoalho adjacente, para obter uma selagem. Em uma configuração o meio de selagem compreende uma protuberânciase estendendo horizontalmente e o outro meio de selagem compreende uma ranhura aberta para um lado. Na configuração a mais preferida um ou ambos dos meios de selagem são providos com um agente de selagem.
[009] Em uma outra configuração preferida cada um de ambos os meios de selagem compreende uma ranhura aberta para um lado provida com um agente de selagem.
[0010] Preferivelmente, os meios conectores consistem de um sistema de travamento mecânico formado em pelo menos duas bordas opostas da placa de assoalho, o que facilita a junção de uma placa de assoalho similar. Sistemas de travamento mecânico juntado por angu- lação são conhecidos a partir da WO 94/26999, o que é especialmente vantajoso nos lados longos de um assoalho retangular, e um outro sistema de travamento especialmente vantajoso nos lados curtos, particularmente quando combinado com um sistema de travamento de an- gulação como aquele descrito na WO 94/26999, são descritos na PCT/SE2006/001586, de propriedade da Valinge Innovation AB. Outros formatos de placas de assoalho também são possíveis. A combinaçãomencionada acima de sistemas de travamento torna possível juntar painéis de assoalho por vários métodos preferivelmente com um método de ação única, onde a borda longa é instalada com angulação e a borda curta, que é provida com uma lingüeta flexível, com dobra- mento vertical. Esta combinação também é muito fácil para desmontar. Outros sistemas de travamento mecânico também são conhecidos, e possíveis de usar, os quais são unidos por Angulação-Angulação, An- gulação-Encaixe ou Encaixe-Encaixe. As placas de assoalho com um sistema de travamento mecânico são geralmente instaladas flutuantes, isto é, sem colagem, sobre um contrapiso existente.
[0011] Evidentemente também é possível usar uma junta de lin- güeta e ranhura, usualmente combinada com colagem ou pregação ou outros meios de fixação.
[0012] De acordo com uma configuração do primeiro aspecto o núcleo baseado em madeira é feito de MDF ou HDF, preferivelmente da espessura de 6-9 mm. A espessura da camada superficial resiliente tem preferivelmente 1-3 mm.
[0013] De acordo com uma configuração a camada superficial resiliente compreende três camadas, uma camada de desgaste transparente no topo, uma camada intermediária decorativa e uma camada de reforço mais próxima do núcleo. Também é possível imprimir o padrão diretamente no lado traseiro da camada transparente ou sobre o topo da camada de reforço. Preferivelmente, a ranhura decorativa é somen- te na camada transparente e opcionalmente colorida, mas também é possível estender a ranhura para baixo até a camada decorativa ou a camada de reforço. Cores diferentes das camadas criam um efeito visual estendendo a ranhura para baixo até uma outra camada e nenhumacoloração é necessária. Uma outra configuração é uma camada resiliente compreendendo somente uma camada transparente e uma camada de reforço de um plástico colorido ou uma camada de cortiça. Uma alternativa é que a camada decorativa seja um folheado de madeira ou uma camada de cortiça ou que a camada superficial resiliente tenha duas camadas, uma camada de desgaste transparente e uma camada de reforço de cortiça.
[0014] De acordo com um segundo aspecto, a invenção provê um conjunto de placas de assoalho à prova de umidade, compreendendo uma face frontal e uma face traseira, um núcleo, meios conectores arranjados pelo menos em duas bordas opostas para conectar a placa de assoalho com uma placa de assoalho similar, uma camada superficial resiliente na face frontal, preferivelmente de borracha ou plástico. Uma placa de assoalho à prova de umidade sendo provida em uma borda e na camada resiliente com um meio de selagem configurado para cooperar com um outro meio de selagem na camada resiliente em uma borda de uma outra placa de assoalho adjacente, para obter uma selagem.
[0015] Preferivelmente o meio de selagem compreende uma protuberânciase estendendo horizontalmente e o outro meio de selagem compreende uma ranhura aberta para um lado. Nesta configuração a mais preferida um ou ambos os meios de selagem são providos com um agente de selagem.
[0016] Em uma outra configuração preferida cada um de ambos os meios de selagem compreende uma ranhura aberta para um lado provida com um agente de selagem.
[0017] O meio de selagem e o agente de selagem aumentam a resistência contra a penetração de umidade e água para dentro da junta e do núcleo e o objetivo é selar completamente a junta.
[0018] De acordo com um segundo objetivo, a invenção provê um assoalho compreendendo pelo menos duas das placas de assoalho acima no primeiro objetivo, unidas ao longo de bordas adjacentes, preferivelmente mecanicamente.
[0019] Em vista do acima, um objetivo para a invenção é resolver ou pelo menos reduzir os problemas discutidos acima.
[0020] Em particular, um objetivo desta invenção é prover um assoalho e placa de assoalho compreendendo uma camada superficial resiliente com uma ranhura decorativa na camada superficial resiliente e que a ranhura seja claramente visível. Adicionalmente, a placa de assoalho é à prova de umidade e mostra grandes propriedades acústicas.
[0021] Todas as referências a “um/uma/o/a [elemento, dispositivo, componente, meio, etapa, etc.] devem ser interpretadas abertamente como se referindo a pelo menos um exemplo do citado elemento, dispositivo, componente, meio, etapa, etc., a menos que explicitamente registrado de outra forma.
Descrição resumida dos desenhos
[0022] A figura 1a mostra uma placa de assoalho com uma camada superficial resiliente e ranhura decorativa conhecida na técnica anterior;
[0023] A figura 1b mostra uma placa de assoalho de acordo com uma configuração da invenção;
[0024] As figuras 2a-d mostram configurações alternativas da invenção;
[0025] A figura 3 mostra três placas de assoalho unidas de acordo com uma configuração da invenção;
[0026] As figuras 4a-c mostram uma placa de assoalho e placas de assoalho unidas em diferentes vistas de acordo com uma configuração da invenção;
[0027] As figuras 5a, 5c-6c mostram placas de assoalho unidas de acordo com configurações do segundo aspecto da invenção; e
[0028] A figura 5b mostra uma configuração de uma placa de assoalho, de acordo com o primeiro aspecto provida com um meio de selagem de acordo com o segundo aspecto.
Descrição detalhada de configurações
[0029] Como representado nas figuras 1b-4, o primeiro aspecto da invenção se relaciona com um conjunto de placas de assoalho e assoalho à prova de umidade, providos com uma camada superficial resiliente com uma ranhura decorativa.
[0030] A figura 1a mostra placas de assoalho com porções de junta decorativa conhecidas na técnica anterior e descritas na WO 03/012224. A placa de assoalho 1 compreendendo uma face frontal 2 e uma face traseira 3 se estendendo na direção do plano horizontal HP, um núcleo baseado em madeira 5 e uma camada superficial resiliente 4 na face frontal. A camada superficial resiliente 4 compreende três camadas superficiais diferentes tendo diferentes funções. A camada a mais superior é uma camada de desgaste 16 dura e durável, transparente, de material plástico, a camada intermediária é uma ca-mada decorativa 17 de película plástica e a camada mais inferior é uma camada de reforço 18 que é feita de um material elástico e que pode ser tanto à prova de umidade quanto absorvente de som. A camada decorativa 17 de película plástica pode ser substituída com padrões decorativos, que são impressos diretamente sobre o lado de baixo da camada de desgaste transparente 16 ou sobre o lado superior da camada de reforço elástica 18. A placa de assoalho é provida com um sistema de travamento mecânico para travar as placas de as- soalho horizontalmente e verticalmente em suas bordas longas e curtas (12a, 13a, 12b, 13b) por angulação e/ou encaixe.
[0031] De acordo com um primeiro aspecto da invenção, como representado nas figuras 1b-4c, uma placa de assoalho 1 está envolvida em ser unida com uma placa de assoalho similar 1’ em bordas de junção adjacentes em um plano de junção se estendendo no plano vertical VP, compreendendo uma face frontal 2 e uma face traseira 3 se estendendo no plano horizontal HP, um núcleo 5, meios conectores arranjados pelo menos em duas bordas opostas para conectar a placa de assoalho com uma placa de assoalho similar 1’ em uma direção vertical e/ou horizontal e uma camada superficial resiliente 4 caracterizado pelo fato de pelo menos uma borda da placa de assoalho 1 com-preender uma ranhura decorativa 6 na camada superficial resiliente 4 com um fundo 7 que é essencialmente paralelo com a face frontal 2. Se a placa de assoalho for retangular, preferivelmente somente uma das bordas longas é provida com a ranhura decorativa; certamente também é possível prover uma das bordas longas e uma das curtas com a ranhura 7. Outros formatos da placa também são possíveis, p.ex., 3, 5, 6, 7 e 8 bordas. A camada superficial resiliente compreendendo preferivelmente uma camada de desgaste transparente 16 no topo, preferivelmente de um material plástico, uma camada decorativa intermediária 17 e uma camada de reforço elástica 18 mais próxima do núcleo 5. A camada decorativa 17, preferivelmente de uma película plástica pode ser substituída com padrões decorativos, que são impressos diretamente sobre o lado de baixo da camada de desgaste transparente 16 ou sobre o lado superior da camada de reforço elástica 18. Uma alternativa é que a camada decorativa seja uma camada de folheado de madeira ou de cortiça. De acordo com a configuração representada na figura 1b, a ranhura 7 existe somente na camada transparente e opcionalmente a ranhura é colorida.
[0032] Preferivelmente, os meios conectores são um sistema de travamento mecânico formado pelo menos em duas bordas opostas 12a, 13a, 12b, 13b. O sistema de travamento mecânico mostrado compreende uma tira de travamento 15 com um elemento de trava- mento 9, uma lingüeta 8 e uma ranhura de lingüeta 10. Outros sistemas de travamento mecânico conhecidos para placas de assoalho também são possíveis de usar tais como a trava de lingüeta nas figuras 4a-c ou a lingüeta flexível descrita na PCT/SE2005/001586. A lin- güeta também pode ser substituída por uma lingüeta deslocável 8’ arranjada em uma ranhura de deslocamento 54, como mostrado nas figuras 5b a 6c, do tipo divulgado na PCT/SE2005/001586 ou PCT/SE2006/001218.
[0033] Existem muitas alternativas para os números de camadas na camada resiliente, o material das camadas e em qual camada a ranhura se estende. Algumas das alternativas estão representadas nas figuras 1b-2d.
[0034] A camada superficial resiliente 4, ilustrada na figura 2a, compreende uma camada superficial transparente 16, uma camada decorativa intermediária e uma camada de reforço mais próxima do núcleo. A ranhura 6 se estende para baixo até a camada de reforço e é preferivelmente colorida. Se uma das camadas na camada resiliente, representada nas figuras 1b-2d for uma de um material não à prova d’água ou sensível à umidade, é preferido que a ranhura não se estenda para dentro desta camada.
[0035] A camada superficial resiliente 4, ilustrada na figura 2b, consiste substancialmente de uma camada superficial transparente 16, uma camada de reforço mais próxima ao núcleo 18. A ranhura 6 se estende para baixo até a camada de reforço, preferivelmente de plástico e é preferivelmente colorida.
[0036] A camada superficial resiliente 4 ilustrada na figura 2c, con- siste substancialmente de uma camada superficial transparente 16, e uma camada de reforço mais próxima do núcleo 18. A ranhura 6 é somente na camada transparente e é preferivelmente colorida. A camada de reforço é preferivelmente de um plástico colorido ou uma camada de cortiça.
[0037] A camada superficial resiliente 4 na figura 2d, consiste substancialmente de somente uma camada. A ranhura é preferivelmente colorida.
[0038] Na figura 4b uma configuração da invenção está representada, compreendendo uma placa de assoalho 1 com um sistema de travamento em bordas longas 13a, 13b e curtas 12a, 12b e uma ranhura decorativa 6 ao longo de somente uma das bordas longas e ao longo de somente uma das bordas curtas. Ranhuras adicionais 41 na camada superficial resiliente, entre as bordas curtas, são providas. A figura 4a é uma seção transversal da placa de assoalho na figura 6b, perpendicular às bordas longas, unida a placas de assoalho similares 1’ e 1”. A figura 4c é uma seção transversal da placa de assoalho na figura 4b, perpendicular às bordas curtas, unida a placas de assoalho similares 1’ e 1”.
[0039] O material de núcleo baseado em madeira é preferivelmente uma placa de partículas, MDF, HDF ou de compensado.
[0040] Como exemplos não limitantes de materiais que podem ser usados em uma camada superficial resiliente estão os materiais baseados em plástico acrílico, elastômero de borracha sintética, borracha de uretano, borracha de silicone, ou similares, adesivo termofundível, PVC ou polietileno.
[0041] A ranhura decorativa é produzida por trabalho químico ou mecânico, preferivelmente corte ou retífica. Se retífica for usada é possível produzir uma ranhura muito rasa ou até mesmo só mudar a rugosidade e brilho da superfície. O método de retífica é aplicável também a um assoalho de laminado com uma camada superficial de folhas impregnadas de resina. Uma outra técnica é cortar fora uma parte da camada superficial resiliente, ou cortar no formato desejável antes de ligá-la ao núcleo, e substituí-la com uma outra camada resiliente de diferente cor ou estrutura.
[0042] Um segundo aspecto da invenção, como ilustrado nas figuras 5a-6c, é um conjunto de placas de assoalho à prova de umidade essencialmente idênticas 1 cada uma compreendendo um meio de selagem em uma borda. Cada placa de assoalho compreende uma face frontal 2 e uma face traseira 3 se estendendo no plano horizontal HP, um núcleo 5, meios de conexão 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 8’, 54 arranjados em pelo menos duas bordas opostas para conectar uma placa de assoalho com uma outra placa de assoalho 1’ em uma direção vertical e/ou horizontal e uma camada superficial resiliente 4. Uma placa de assoalhoà prova de umidade sendo provida em uma borda e na camada resiliente 4 com um meio de selagem 51 configurado para cooperar com um outro meio de selagem 52 na camada resiliente em uma borda de uma outra placa de assoalho adjacente, para obter uma selagem.
[0043] O meio de selagem pode compreender uma protuberância se estendendo horizontalmente e o outro meio de selagem pode compreender uma ranhura aberta para um lado, como mostrado na figura 5a. Na configuração a mais preferida um ou ambos os meios de selagemsão providos com um agente de selagem 53.
[0044] Em uma outra configuração, mostrada na figura 6a, ambos os meios de selagem 51, 52 compreendem uma ranhura aberta para um lado provida com um agente de selagem 53.
[0045] Na figura 5c uma configuração do meio de selagem está ilustrada compreendendo bordas sobrepostas, preferivelmente providas com uma conexão com formato de gancho 51, 52. Um agente de selagem 53 também pode estar compreendido.
[0046] O agente de selagem pode compreender cera, graxa, óleo ou betume. Um agente de selagem preferido compreende uma mistura de cera de parafina e óleo de parafina. Um outro exemplo é uma micro-cera e uma tira de borracha natural ou sintética.
[0047] Na figura 6b uma configuração do meio de selagem está ilustrada compreendendo um agente de selagem expansível 53’, arranjado em uma ranhura aberta para um lado 51 na camada resiliente 4. O agente de selagem é configurado para se expandir para dentro de uma ranhura aberta para um lado 52 na camada resiliente de um painel de assoalho adjacente, como ilustrado na figura 6c, depois que os dois painéis estão conectados entre si pelos meios conectores. Um exemplo de uma gente de selagem expansível 53’ é uma tira, preferivelmente de poliuretano, provida com fita, a qual é removida logo antes da conexão das duas placas de assoalho adjacentes. Outros exemplos são materiais que se expandem quando expostos à umidade.
[0048] O primeiro aspecto da invenção, compreendendo uma ranhura decorativa 7, pode ser combinado com o segundo aspecto, compreendendo os meios de selagem 51, 52, como ilustrado em 5b.
[0049] Um segundo objetivo da invenção, representado pelas figuras 3 e 4, é um assoalho compreendendo um conjunto das placas de assoalho 1, 1’, de acordo com o primeiro e/ou segundo aspectos, unidas ao longo de bordas adjacentes, preferivelmente mecanicamente.
[0050] Na configuração a mais preferida, somente uma das bordas 12a, 13a, 12b, 13b das duas bordas unidas e adjacentes é provida com a ranhura decorativa.
[0051] A invenção foi principalmente descrita acima com referência a umas poucas configurações. Entretanto, como é prontamente apreciado por uma pessoa experiente na técnica, outras configurações que aquelas divulgadas acima são igualmente possíveis dentro do escopo da invenção, como definido pelas reivindicações de patente anexas.
[0052] Geralmente, todos os termos usados nas reivindicações devem ser interpretados de acordo com seu significado ordinário no campo técnico, a menos que explicitamente definidos de outra forma aqui.

Claims (10)

1. Conjunto de placas de assoalho à prova de umidade, es-sencialmenteidênticas, cada uma (1, 1’) compreendendo uma face frontal (2) e uma face traseira (3) se estendendo no plano horizontal (HP), um núcleo (5), meios conectores (8, 9, 10, 11, 15) arranjados em pelo menos duas bordas opostas para conectar uma placa de assoalho (1) com outra placa de assoalho (1’) em uma direção vertical e horizontal e uma camada superficial resiliente (4), caracterizado pelo fato de uma primeira placa de assoalho (1) à prova de umidade, em uma borda (12a; 13a) e na camada superficial resiliente (4), possuir um meio de selagem (51) configurado para cooperar com outro meio de selagem (52), na camada superficial resiliente (4) em uma borda (12b; 13b) de outra placa de assoalho adjacente (1’), para obter uma selagem, os referidos meios de selagem (51, 52) compreendendo partes de borda sobrepostas, de preferência formando uma conexão em forma de gancho (51, 52).
2. Conjunto, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracteriza-dopelo fato de um ou ambos dos meios de selagem (51, 52) serem providos com um agente de selagem (53).
3. Conjunto, de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracteriza-dopelo fato de o agente de selagem (53) compreender cera de parafina e/ou óleo de parafina.
4. Conjunto, de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracteriza-dopelo fato de o agente de selagem (53) ser expansível.
5. Conjunto, de acordo com a reivindicação 4, caracteriza-dopelo fato de o agente de selagem (53) ser expansível em contato com água.
6. Conjunto, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 5, caracterizado pelo fato de que os meios conectores (8, 9, 10, 11, 15) são configurados para conectar uma placa de assoalho (1) com outra (1’) num sentido vertical, mediante dobramento vertical.
7. Conjunto, de acordo com a reivindicação 6, caracteriza-dopelo fato de os meios conectores compreendem uma lingueta des- locável (8’) configurada para cooperação com uma ranhura de lingueta (10) para travamento vertical.
8. Conjunto, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 7, caracterizado pelo fato de que pelo menos uma borda de cada uma das placas de assoalho (1, 1’) compreende uma ranhura decorativa (6) na camada superficial resiliente (4), com um fundo essencialmente paralelo à face frontal (2).
9. Assoalho à prova de umidade, caracterizado pelo fato de compreender um conjunto de placas de assoalho como identificadas em qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 8.
10. Assoalho, de acordo com a reivindicação 9, caracteri-zadopelo fato de pelo menos duas placas de assoalho (1, 1’) serem mecanicamente unidas em bordas adjacentes (12a, 12b; 13a, 13b).
BRPI0706855-7A 2006-01-12 2007-01-05 Conjunto de placas de assoalho à prova de umidade, essencialmente idênticas, bem como assoalho à prova de umidade BRPI0706855B1 (pt)

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