DK164813B - Borholdigt siliciumoxidbaseret syntetisk materiale med poroes zeolit-lignende struktur og fremgangsmaade til dets fremstilling - Google Patents
Borholdigt siliciumoxidbaseret syntetisk materiale med poroes zeolit-lignende struktur og fremgangsmaade til dets fremstilling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK164813B DK164813B DK593084A DK593084A DK164813B DK 164813 B DK164813 B DK 164813B DK 593084 A DK593084 A DK 593084A DK 593084 A DK593084 A DK 593084A DK 164813 B DK164813 B DK 164813B
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- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- silica
- boralite
- boralites
- properties
- crystalline
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 title description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 title 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021488 crystalline silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001089 mineralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical group C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100096319 Drosophila melanogaster Spc25 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Chemical group C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002211 methanization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052605 nesosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004762 orthosilicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002029 synthetic silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005622 tetraalkylammonium hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/09—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis
- C07C29/10—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of ethers, including cyclic ethers, e.g. oxiranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
- H04N3/10—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
- H04N3/16—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube, e.g. scanning corrections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/08—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C01B35/10—Compounds containing boron and oxygen
- C01B35/1009—Compounds containing boron and oxygen having molecular-sieve properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/08—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C01B35/10—Compounds containing boron and oxygen
- C01B35/12—Borates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/54—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
- C07C2/64—Addition to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C2/66—Catalytic processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/86—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
- C07C2/862—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms
- C07C2/864—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms the non-hydrocarbon is an alcohol
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
- H04N3/10—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
- H04N3/16—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube, e.g. scanning corrections
- H04N3/22—Circuits for controlling dimensions, shape or centering of picture on screen
- H04N3/223—Controlling dimensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/08—Silica
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P30/40—Ethylene production
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- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
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2
Syntetiske materialer af denne type, hvori bor indgår i det krystallinske gitter som erstatningselement for silicium, benævnes generelt "boralitter". På grund af sin porøse struktur og temperaturbestandighed 5 er de egnet til anvendelse som katalysatorer og absorptionsmidler .
Modificerede siliciumoxider af denne type er karakteriseret ved nærværelse af en enkel krystallinsk fase og har særegne røntgen-diffraktionsspektra.
10 Produktet kan indeholde små mængder vand, idet mængden er større eller mindre afhængig af calcine-ringstemperaturen. Materialerne i henhold til opfindelsen har en meget høj termisk stabilitet og er karakteriseret ved sin sammensætning, fremstillingsmåde og den 15 krystallinske struktur, som alle skal beskrives og eksemplificeres senere, såsom som ved deres høje specifikke overfladeareal, samt surheden efter Lewis-systemet eller ved surhed i henhold til Brønsted-systemet.
Det er kendt, at en lang række amorfe silicium-20 oxider med et højt specifikt overfladeareaJL kan opnås ved velkendte metoder med gelering af silicasoler eller også ved udfældning og gelering af forskellige silica-ter (US patentskrift nr. 2.715.060, 3.210.273, 3.236.594 og 3.709.833) .
25 US patentskrift nr. 3.983.055 omhandler et syn tetisk amorft siliciumoxid med en forud valgt porefordeling og fremgangsmåden for dets fremstilling, som består i hydrolyse af et organisk derivat af silicium og kondensering ved polymerisering og calcinering. Fle-30 re krystallinske typer af siliciumdioxid er kendt, som f.eks. kvarts, kristoballit, tridymit, kealit og mange andre, fremstillet i henhold til metoder som er hyppigt beskrevet i den tekniske litteratur, f.eks. opnår Heidemann i henhold til Beitr. Min. Petrog. 10, 242 35 (1964) ved at omsætte et amorft siliciumoxid med 0,55% 0 KOH, ved 180 012½ døgn, et krystallinsk siliciumoxid,
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3 benævnt silica-X, som har et specifikt overfladeareal på omtrent 10 m2/g og en dårlig stabilitet, som i løbet af 5 døgn omdannes til kristobalt og derefter til kvarts. Fornylig har Flanigen et al., Nature, 271, 512 5 (1978) opnået et krystallinsk siliciumoxid, såkaldt "silicalit" med et højt specifikt overfladeareal og har på grund af dets hydrofobe natur, foreslået det anvendt til rensning af vand som er forurenet med organiske substanser.
10 Et formål med den foreliggende opfindelse er at modificere et krystallinsk siliciumoxid, idet dets stabilitet forbliver uændret, således at det kan anvendes som katalysator eller som absorptionsmiddel.
Katalytiske egenskaber kan f.eks. indføres ved 15 at indføre sure egenskaber i det krystallinske sili-ciumdioxid.
Et andet formål med den foreliggende opfindelse er at tilvejebringe en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af krystallinske modificerede siliciumoxider som har 20 samme egenskaber.
Det modificerende element har en overvejende indvirkning på de katalytiske egenskaber af siliciumdi-oxid, og tilsætning af bor giver anledning til dannelse af krystallinske materialer med særegne røntgen-dif-25 fraktionsspektra.
De nævnte siliciumoxider, modificeret ved tilsætning af bor, er karakteriseret ved deres krystallinske struktur og kan eksistere' med forskellige forhold mellem bor og silicium (som mere detaljeret er drøftet 30 i det efterfølgende, alt efter calcineringstemperaturen kan større eller mindre mængder vand være tilstede.
Siliciumderivaterne vælges blandt en silicagel (uanset hvordan denne er fremstillet) eller et tetra-alkylorthosilikat, som f.eks. tetraethylorthosilikat og 35 tetramethylorthosilikat.
Borderivaterne vælges foretrukket blandt oxider, alkyl- eller alkoxyderivater.
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De substanser, som fremviser en clathrat-eller poredannende virkning vælges blandt de kvaternære ammmoniumbaser såsom tetraalkylammoniumbaserne (NR4OH), hvori R er til C5 alkyl. Ved opfindelsen anvendes 5 tetramethylderivatet. Disse substanser har til opgave at tilvejebringe en krystallinsk struktur med porer af nøje bestemt størrelse, og disse substanser er således sammensat af forholdsvis store molekyler.
De mineraliserende midler kan vælges blandt al-10 kalimetal- eller jordalkalimetalhydroxider eller halo-genider som f.eks. LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(0H).2, KBr, NaBr,
Nal, Cal2, CaBr2.
Den tilsatte uorganiske base kan vælges blandt alkalimetal- eller jordalkalimetalhydroxiderne, fore-15 trukket NaOH, KOH, Ca(0H)2 og ammoniak.
Med hensyn til mængderne af uorganisk base og/eller clathrat- eller poredannende substanser som anvendes er disse som regel lavere end den støkiometriske mængde i forhold til siliciumoxid og er foretrukket 20 fra 0,05 mol% til 0,50 mol% pr. mol siliciumoxid.
De produkter, som opnås på denne måde er karakteriseret ved hjælp af en surhed af protontypen. For et rent siliciumoxid er der et antal milliækvivalente hydrogenioner på lxio-3 pr. g prøve. Denne surhed kan 25 øges ved indføring af bor i en sådan mængde, at antallet af milliækvivalente hydrogenioner pr. g prøve kan nå omtrent 5.10-1 mekvH+.
For gennemføring af specielle katalytiske reaktioner kan det være fordelagtigt at reducere surheden 30 ved indføring af alkaliske forbindelser, indtil man opnår neutraliserede eller endog basiske tilstande.
De materialer, som opnås ved den foreliggende opfindelse, er karakteriseret ved en godt defineret krystallinsk struktur. De har et højt specifikt over-35 fladeareal som overstiger 150 g/m2 og som regel ligger mellem 200 m2/g og 500 m2/g. I tillæg er materialerne i 5
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henhold til opfindelsen karakteriseret ved en porøs struktur, som fremviser en porestørrelse overvejende mellem 4 og 7 Ångstrømsenheder i diameter. Til det krystallinske siliciumoxid fremstillet på denne måde, som 5 indeholder bor som en erstatning for silicium eller som med silicium er i stand til at danne et salt af polyki-selsyrer, kan andre metaller tilsættes, som er i stand . til at give specielle katalytiske egenskaber. Blandt disse metaller kan følgende gengives som rene eksemp-10 ler, nemlig platin, palladium, nikkel, kobolt, wolfram, kobber, zink og andre. Denne tilsætning kan gennemføres ved imprægnering eller ved hjælp af en hvilken som helst anden metode kendt for den fagkyndige ved at anvende opløsninger af salte af de udvalgte metaller, 15 som foretrukket er f.eks. nitrater, acetater, oxider eller andre forbindelser.
Afhængig af det eller de tilsatte katalytiske metaller kan de katalytiske egenskaber gives til sili-ciumoxidet eller disse kan forbedres, f.eks. for at 20 gennemføre hydrogeneringer, hydratiseringer, hydrosul-fideringer, cracking, reforming, oxidationer, isome-riseringer, disproportioneringer, polymeriseringer osv.
De siliciumoxidbaserede materialer fremstillet som beskrevet heri kan anvendes til katalytiske reak-25 tioner eller absorptioner som sådanne eller også dis-pergeret på et bærelegeme, mere eller mindre inert, med et højt eller lavt specifikt overfladeareal og porøsitet.
Bærelegemet har til opgave at forbedre den fysi-30 ske stabilitet og mekaniske modstandsevne og eventuelt de katalytiske egenskaber af materialet.
Den metode, som anvendes for at opnå det understøttede aktive materiale, kan vælges blandt de metoder, som er kendt for den fagkyndige på området.
35 Mængden af modificeret siliciumoxid kan udgøre mellem 1 og 90%, men mængder på fra 5 til 60% foretrækkes .
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Blandt de foretrukne bærelegemer kan eksempelvis nævnes ler, siliciumoxid, aluminiumoxid, diatoméjord, siliciumoxid-aluminiumoxid.
Det siliciumoxid-baserede syntetiske materiale i 5 henhold til opfindelsen kan fordelagtigt anvendes som en katalysator for et stort antal reaktioner, hvoriblandt kan nævnes: 1. Alkylering af toluen med methanol til fremstil- 10 ling af xylen, overvejende para-xylen, og alky lering af benzen, specielt alkylering af benzen med ethylen eller ethanol, 2. Disproportionering af toluen til frembringelse 15 af overvejende para-xylen.
3. Omdannelse af dimethylether og/eller methanol eller andre alkoholer (lavere) til hydrocarboner som f.eks. olefiner og aromatiske bestanddele.
20 4. Cracking og hydrocracking.
5. Isomerisering af n-paraffiner og naphthener.
25 6. Polymerisering af forbindelser, som indeholder olefin- eller acetylenbindinger.
7. Reforming.
30 8. Isomerisering af polyalkyl-substituerede aroma tiske bestanddele, som f.eks. ortho-xylen. 1
Disproportionering af aromatiske bestanddele, specielt af toluen.
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7 10. Omdannelse af alifatiske carbonylforbindelser til i det mindste delvis aromatiske carbonhydri-der.
5 li. Separering af ethylbenzen fra andre C8 aromatiske carbonhyd rider.
12. Hydrogenering og dehydrogenering af carbonhydri-der.
10 13. Methanisering.
14. Oxidation, specielt af udstødningsgas fra forbrændingmotorer .
15 15. Dehydratisering af oxygenholdige alifatiske forbindelser.
16. Omdannelse af olefiner til brændselsprodukter 20 med højt oxtantal.
Som baggrundsmateriale (udenom rammen for den foreliggende opfindelse) kan man illustrere fremstillingen af et bormodificeret porøst krystallinsk sili-25 ciumdioxid "TRS-45", hvor bor er indført som modificerende middel i det krystallinske gitter. Dette materiale benævnes "boralit C" og er fremstillet med tetra-propylammoniumhydroxid som clathrat-· eller poredannende substans til forskel fra opfindelsen, som vedrø-30' rer "boralit A", og hvor tetramethylammoniumhydroxid anvendes som clathrat- eller poredannende middel.
Fremgangsmåden gennemføres ved at omsætte 30,5 g tetramethylorthosilikat, 14,6 g triethyl-borat og 60 ml vand, idet blandingen koges i 1 time. Det tilsættes så 35 6 g tetrapropylammoniumhydroxid.
Herved dannes en gel, som deles op og opslemmes i vand, indtil der opnås en opslemning, hvortil 2 g KOH tilsættes.
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Efter omrøring af den kogende opslemning i 20 0 timer indføres denne i en autoklave ved 175 C og holdes ved denne temperatur i 6 døgn.
Produktet bliver tørret ved 120°C, og er rønt-5 genkrystallinsk.
0
Produktet brændt ved 550 C giver følgende kemiske sammensætning.
Si02 74,9 vægt% 10 B203 21,3 % K20 0,02 %
Giødetab ved 1100°C: 3,8 vægt%
Molforhold Si02:B203 er 4.
15
Det specifikke overfladeareal bestemt ved hjælp af BET-metoden er 410 m2/g.
Der kendes fra litteraturen kompakte borsilikater, som er ikke-porøse materialer, hvori bor enten kan 20 have en plan eller tetraedisk koordinationDer kendes også porøse glastyper opnået ved kemisk angreb af glasmaterialer, og disse kan afhængig af deres oprindelse indeholde siliciumoxid, alkaliske forbindelser, aluminiumoxid og også B203. Indlemmelsen af bor i zeolitlig-25 nende strukturer, dvs. krystallinske strukturer med en regelmæssig porøsitet, er ikke tidligere opnået, jf. litteraturen (Breck, Zeolite Molecular Sieves, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1974*, side 322).
Imprægnering med borsyre af zeolitter, som be-30 står af oxider af aluminium og silicium, er kendt fra US patentskrift nr. 4.049.573. I dette tilfælde går bor ikke ind og bliver en integreret del af det krystallinske gitter. Borsilikater med andre typer rønt-gendiffraktionsspektra (med stærk absorption i områder-35 ne med 10 og 11 Ånstrøm) end ved den foreliggende opfindelse, er kendt fra DE 27 46 790.
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Der har således vist sig, at bor udover at det er et erstatningselement for silicium, også er i stand til at danne nye materialer med en krystallinsk struktur, som er porøs og er godt defineret og er i slægt 5 med zeolitstrukturen.
Disse sidstnævnte materialer, som også i den efterfølgende del af beskrivelsen skal benævnes "bora-litter" for hensigtsmæssig og kort omtale, kan alment repræsenteres ved hjælp af følgende imperiske formel i 10 sin vandfri tilstand: (0-1)R20 · (0—i)^2/n^ * " XS1O2 hvori R er en tetra-alkylammoniumkation, som udgør 15 den organiske base, som anvendes til dannelsen af boraliterne, M er en kation såsom H+, NH4 eller en metalkation med valensen n, x er mindst 4 og udgør foretrukket højere værdier som 50 eller mere, idet disse værdier er forskellige for hver type af boralit, idet 20 en forbedret termisk stabilitet er forbundet med de højere forhold S1O2/B2O3.
Det bemærkes, at indholdet af R20 efter at pågældende boralit er underkastet calcinering (brænding) kan have værdi 0 eller nær 0.
25 Af de boraliter der svarer til den almene for mel gengivet ovenfor er der specielt syntetiseret fire forskellige typer som benævnes boralit A, boralit B, boralit C og boralit D.
Den foreliggende opfindelse vedrører "boralit 30 A", hvor R er en tetramethylammoniumkation, mens "bora-litter B, C og D" og deres egenskaber er kort berørt for at tydeliggøre forskellene mellem "boralitterne A, B, C og D" indbyrdes. Der henvises i denne forbindelse til tabellerne I-ΐν. Disse boralitter har en bestemt 35 krystallinsk struktur, og de røntgen-diffraktionsspek-tra, som hører til H+-formene calcineres ved højere
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ίο o temperaturer (450-750 C) fremviser de betydningsfulde linjer gengivet i tabellerne fra I til IV.
Tilstedeværelsen af andre kationer i stedet for H+ bevirker mindre variationer i spektrene på en måde, 5 som svarer til de konventionelle zeoliter.
Det intrarøde spektrum (IR) fremviser et karakteristisk bånd, som er en funktion af mængden af bor, som er indført og som ligger mellem 910 og 925 cm-1.
Fremgangsmåden til fremstilling af boralitterne 10 er baseret på reaktionen under hydrotermiske betingelser af et derivat af silicium, et derivat af bor, og et passende clathrat- eller poredannende middel i form af en alkyl ammoniumforbindelse ved pH mellem 9 og 14, 0 ved en temperatur mellem 100 og 220 C og i et tidsrum, 15 som varierer mellem 1 og 30 døgn.
Boraliter med stor renhed kan opnås ved anvendelse af organiske derivater af bor og silicium, såsom trialkylborater og tetraalkylorthosilicater og ved udførelse af den hydrotermiske proces i beholdere af te-20 flon (R.T.M.) eller i beholdere af polypropylen, platin eller andet for at sikre, at den basiske opløsning ikke udtrækker urenheder fra krystallisationsbeholderen.
Fraværet af urenheder sikrer, at boraliterne får specielle egenskaber, såsom hydrofob karakter og en 25 heraf resulterende mangel på dehydratiseringsevne.
Hvis meget stor renhed ikke er en betingelse, . kan der anvendes billigere udgangsmaterialer, f.eks. kan der som borkilde anvendes borsyre, natriumborat og borax, og som siliciumkilde kolloid-siliciumdioxid, 30 siliciumdioxid-gel, natriumsilikat, aerosil og andre, og til krystallisationen kan anvendes beholdere af glas, rustfrit stål eller andre materialer.
I sådanne tilfælde kan boraliterne indeholde urenheder stammende fra reaktanterne eller krystalli-35 sationsbeholderne, således indeholder f.eks. i handelen almindelige siliciumoxider op til 2000 ppm Al203, men
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11 det har vist sig, at et indhold på så meget som 10.000 ppm Al203 ikke ændrer de strukturelle eller krystallografiske egenskaber, selv om naturligvis andre egenskaber ændres, såsom den hydrofobe karakter og dehydrati-5 seringsevnen.
Som clathrat- eller poredannende middel anvendes forbindelser i form af alkylammoniumbaser, som tetra-alkylammoniumhydroxider. Valget af disse forbindelser sammen med valget af reaktionskomponenterne, har 10 en bestemmende virkning på dannelsen af boraliterne.
Mineraliserende midler kan anvendes, som f.eks. alkalimetal- eller jordalkalimetalhydroxider eller ha-logenider.
15 For de forskellige boraliter anføres generelt:
Boralit A ,kan på basis af molforhold af oxider og i sin vandfri tilstand betegnes med formlen: 20 (0-l)R20 : (0-l)M2/n0 : B203:(8-30)SiO2 hvor R er tetramethylammonium (TMA) kation, M er H+, UH^, eller en metalkation med valensen n.
Det materiale, som kan opnås ved calciering af 25 boralit A, har røntgen-diffraktionsspektrum i H+ formen som med hensyn til de mest betydningsfulde linjer er som gengivet i tabel I.
Boralit B kan på basis af molforhold af oxider og i sin vandfri tilstand betegnes med formlen: 30 (0-l)R20 :(0-l)M2/nO : B203 . (5_50)SiO2 hvori R er tetraethylammonium-kationen (TEA), M er H+, NH4+, eller en metalkation med valensen n.
35 Det materiale, som kan opnås ved calcinering af boralit B har røntgen-diffraktionsspektrum i H+ formen,
Claims (4)
- 30 Boraliterne er meget stabile både ved termisk behandling ved høje temperaturer og ved termisk behandling i nærværelse af vanddamp. A-, B-, C- og D-boraliterne, som der er givet eksempel på ovenfor, kan anvendes til katalytiske reak-35 tioner eller til absorptionsprocesser, enten som sådanne eller dispergeret på mere eller mindre inerte bærere valgt f.eks. blandt siliciumoxider, aluminiumoxider og DK 164813 B lerlignende materialer, og kan finde anvendelse ved et stort antal reaktioner, som f.eks. dem som er eksemplificeret i det foregående. I det følgende angives eksempelmateriale for at 5 illustrere opfindelsen (boralit A og dets fremstilling og egenskaber) og her er også for at markere forskellen overfor boraliterne B, C og D disses egenskaber anført. Et yderligere sæt eksempler er anført i det efterfølgende for mere specielt at eksemplificere det 10 nævnte andet aspekt ved opfindelsen. Eksempel l Dette eksempel viser fremstilling af boralit A.
- 15 En Pyrex-glas-kolbe i en C02-fri atmosfære fyl des med 132 g af en 25%'s vandig opløsning af tetra-methylammoniumhydroxid (koncentration i vægt%), hvortil sættes 18,6 g borsyre under omrøring. Efter endt opløsning tilsættes stadig under om-20 røring 187,5 g tetraethylorthosilikat. Reaktionsblandingen opvarmes under omrøring til 0
- 60 C, og der dannes gradvis et hvidt mælkeagtigt bundfald, medens det ved hydrolyse af ethylsilikat frembragte ethanol samtidig afdampes.
- 25 Efter 12 timer er alkoholen fuldstændig fjernet, og der tilsættes 0,18 g KOH og destilleret vand til et totalt rumfang på ca. 300 ml.’ På dette trin overføres reaktionsblandingen til en teflon-beklædt statisk auto- 0 klave, og hydrotermisk behandling ved 145 C påbegyndes 30 og fortsættes i 12 dage. Det således opnåede produkt henstår til afkøling ved stuetemperatur, opsamles på et filter, vaskes omhyggeligt med destilleret vand og tør-0 res ved 120 C. Produktet består af krystaller med partikelstør-35 relse mellem ca. 0,1 og 0,5 mikron. En del af prøven calcineres ved 750°C. Produktet er kendetegnet ved et molært forhold Si02:B203 = 11.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2484478 | 1978-06-22 | ||
| IT24844/78A IT1096596B (it) | 1978-06-22 | 1978-06-22 | Materiale sintetico a base di silice |
| IT2263879 | 1979-05-14 | ||
| IT2263879A IT1166822B (it) | 1979-05-14 | 1979-05-14 | Materiali sintetici costrituiti da ossidi di silicio e boro avente struttura cristallina porosa loro metodo di preparazione ed uso degli stessi |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK593084D0 DK593084D0 (da) | 1984-12-11 |
| DK593084A DK593084A (da) | 1984-12-11 |
| DK164813B true DK164813B (da) | 1992-08-24 |
| DK164813C DK164813C (da) | 1993-01-11 |
Family
ID=26328235
Family Applications (6)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK240379A DK149839C (da) | 1978-06-22 | 1979-06-08 | Syntetisk materiale baseret paa siliciumdioxid og fremgangsmaade til fremstilling deraf |
| DK593084A DK164813C (da) | 1978-06-22 | 1984-12-11 | Borholdigt siliciumoxidbaseret syntetisk materiale med poroes zeolit-lignende struktur og fremgangsmaade til dets fremstilling |
| DK003692A DK165174C (da) | 1978-06-22 | 1992-01-10 | Borholdig silicum-baseret syntetisk materiale med poroes zeolit-lignende struktur og fremgangsmaade til dets fremstilling |
| DK003592A DK165173B (da) | 1978-06-22 | 1992-01-10 | Borholdigt siliciumoxid-baseret syntetisk materiale med poroes zeolit-lignende struktur og fremgangsmaade til dets fremstilling |
| DK003592A DK165173C (da) | 1978-06-22 | 1992-01-10 | Borholdigt siliciumoxid-baseret syntetisk materiale med poroes zeolit-lignende struktur og fremgangsmaade til dets fremstilling |
| DK003692A DK165174B (da) | 1978-06-22 | 1992-01-10 | Borholdig silicum-baseret syntetisk materiale med poroes zeolit-lignende struktur og fremgangsmaade til dets fremstilling |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK240379A DK149839C (da) | 1978-06-22 | 1979-06-08 | Syntetisk materiale baseret paa siliciumdioxid og fremgangsmaade til fremstilling deraf |
Family Applications After (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK003692A DK165174C (da) | 1978-06-22 | 1992-01-10 | Borholdig silicum-baseret syntetisk materiale med poroes zeolit-lignende struktur og fremgangsmaade til dets fremstilling |
| DK003592A DK165173B (da) | 1978-06-22 | 1992-01-10 | Borholdigt siliciumoxid-baseret syntetisk materiale med poroes zeolit-lignende struktur og fremgangsmaade til dets fremstilling |
| DK003592A DK165173C (da) | 1978-06-22 | 1992-01-10 | Borholdigt siliciumoxid-baseret syntetisk materiale med poroes zeolit-lignende struktur og fremgangsmaade til dets fremstilling |
| DK003692A DK165174B (da) | 1978-06-22 | 1992-01-10 | Borholdig silicum-baseret syntetisk materiale med poroes zeolit-lignende struktur og fremgangsmaade til dets fremstilling |
Country Status (30)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4656016A (da) |
| JP (2) | JPH0230612A (da) |
| AR (1) | AR225417A1 (da) |
| AT (1) | AT381483B (da) |
| AU (1) | AU531123B2 (da) |
| BG (1) | BG39638A3 (da) |
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| DE2830787B2 (de) | 1978-07-13 | 1981-02-19 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von stickstoffhaltigen kirstallinen Metallsilikaten mit Zeolithstniktur |
| IT1127311B (it) * | 1979-12-21 | 1986-05-21 | Anic Spa | Materiale sintetico,cristallino,poroso costituito da ossidi di silicio e titanio,metodo per la sua preparazione e suoi usi |
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1979
- 1979-06-05 GR GR59268A patent/GR66589B/el unknown
- 1979-06-07 AU AU47874/79A patent/AU531123B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-06-08 DK DK240379A patent/DK149839C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1979-06-19 ES ES482161A patent/ES8101921A1/es not_active Expired
- 1979-06-20 NO NO792059A patent/NO156125C/no unknown
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- 1979-06-20 EG EG365/79A patent/EG13934A/xx active
- 1979-06-20 DE DE2924915A patent/DE2924915C2/de not_active Expired
- 1979-06-21 TR TR21215A patent/TR21215A/xx unknown
- 1979-06-21 HU HU79SA3186A patent/HU181955B/hu unknown
- 1979-06-21 GB GB8124672A patent/GB2078704B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-21 DD DD79213819A patent/DD144398A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-06-21 PT PT69799A patent/PT69799A/pt unknown
- 1979-06-21 LU LU81415A patent/LU81415A1/xx unknown
- 1979-06-21 AT AT0438279A patent/AT381483B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-06-21 CA CA000330300A patent/CA1155824A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-21 GB GB7921622A patent/GB2024790B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-21 FR FR7916000A patent/FR2429182A1/fr active Granted
- 1979-06-22 AR AR277022A patent/AR225417A1/es active
- 1979-06-22 PL PL1979216527A patent/PL118686B1/pl unknown
- 1979-06-22 YU YU01484/79A patent/YU148479A/xx unknown
- 1979-06-22 NL NLAANVRAGE7904909,A patent/NL190144C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-06-22 IN IN642/CAL/79A patent/IN151534B/en unknown
- 1979-06-22 CH CH587079A patent/CH643803A5/it not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-06-22 RO RO7997931A patent/RO78795A/ro unknown
- 1979-06-22 BG BG044037A patent/BG39638A3/xx unknown
- 1979-08-08 IE IE1169/79A patent/IE48198B1/en unknown
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1984
- 1984-07-20 SE SE8403805A patent/SE462845B/sv unknown
- 1984-10-18 US US06/662,523 patent/US4656016A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-12-11 DK DK593084A patent/DK164813C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-09-18 US US06/778,167 patent/US4666692A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1988
- 1988-10-18 SE SE8803721A patent/SE464248B/sv unknown
- 1988-10-18 SE SE8803722A patent/SE464249B/sv unknown
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1989
- 1989-02-10 JP JP1030078A patent/JPH0230612A/ja active Granted
- 1989-02-10 JP JP1030077A patent/JPH01275417A/ja active Granted
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1992
- 1992-01-10 DK DK003692A patent/DK165174C/da active
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- 1992-01-10 DK DK003592A patent/DK165173C/da active
- 1992-01-10 DK DK003692A patent/DK165174B/da not_active IP Right Cessation
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