EP0146620B1 - Interpolymeres d'ethylene et d'acides carboxyliques non satures - Google Patents

Interpolymeres d'ethylene et d'acides carboxyliques non satures Download PDF

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EP0146620B1
EP0146620B1 EP84902562A EP84902562A EP0146620B1 EP 0146620 B1 EP0146620 B1 EP 0146620B1 EP 84902562 A EP84902562 A EP 84902562A EP 84902562 A EP84902562 A EP 84902562A EP 0146620 B1 EP0146620 B1 EP 0146620B1
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molecular weight
phase
comonomer
boundary
ethylene
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EP0146620A1 (fr
EP0146620A4 (fr
EP0146620B2 (fr
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Osborne K. Mckinney
David A. Eversdyk
David P. Flores
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Dow Chemical Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/02—Ethene

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  • Interpolymers of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, are well known. This present disclosure pertains to such interpolymers when made under steady state conditions in stirred reactors at high pressure and elevated temperature and using a free-radical type initiator, in contradistinction to polymers made under non-steady state conditions or in non-stirred tubular reactors or in batch reactions, and in contradistinction to block copolymers or graft copolymers.
  • Patents which disclose interpolymerizations of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acids in a steady state reaction at high temperature and high pressure in a stirred reactor in the presence of a free-radical initiator are, e.g., Canadian Patent 655,298 (and its U.S. counterpart No. 4,351,931): U.S. 3,239,370; U.S. 3,520,861; U.S. 3,658,741; U.S. 3,884,857; U.S. 3,988,509; U.S. 4, 248,990; and U.S. 4,252,924.
  • U.S. 3,239,370 discloses a random copolymerization of ethylene with an unsaturated carboxylic acid (e.g. acrylic acid) in a stirred autoclave operated at 112.5 M Pa (16000 psi), and 210°C using a peroxy initiator, the so-formed copolymer being particularly useful as a coating for non-metallic substrates.
  • unsaturated carboxylic acid e.g. acrylic acid
  • U.S. 3,520,861 discloses a substantially homogeneous, compositionally uniform, random copolymer of ethylene/unsaturated acid (e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid) prepared in a continuous manner in a stirred autoclave at high pressure and elevated temperature, using a free-radical initiator (such as a peroxide).
  • the temperature of the polymerization is disclosed as being in the range of about 120°C to about 300°C, preferably about 150°C to about 250°C.
  • the pressure of the polymerization is disclosed as being in the range of at least 98.1 M Pa (1000 atmospheres), preferably between about 98.1-294.3 M Pa (1000-3000 atmospheres), esp. between 107.9-186.4 M Pa (1100-1900 atmospheres).
  • Canadian Patent No. 655,298 and its U.S. counterpart discloses homogeneous, compositionally uniform, random copolymers of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acids (e.g. acrylic acid) wherein said copolymer comprises at least about 90% by weight of ethylene with a melt index of 0.01 to 30 g/10 minutes.
  • the copolymers are prepared in a well-stirred reactor at a pressure of at least 98.1 M Pa (1000 atmospheres), at 90°-280°C, using a free radical initiator, while maintaining the ratio of monomers (ethylene/acid) in the range of 10,000/1 to 50/1 by weight, the process being performed continuously by feeding monomers in, while removing reaction mixture, and maintaining a constant reaction environment.
  • U.S. 3,658,741 discloses homogeneous copolymers of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters, prepared in the presence of a chain transfer agent, a free radical catalyst, a temperature between 100°C-300°C and pressure between 9.81-98.1 M Pa (100 and 1000 atmospheres), using turbulent agitation; the reaction is said to take place in the vapor phase and prepares very low mol. wt. copolymers.
  • U.S. 3,884,857 and U.S. 3,988,509 disclose the preparation of copolymers, such as ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers in a continuous, high pressure, free-radical polymerization process, at 100°-250°C and 98.1-245.25 M Pa (1000-2500 atmospheres) of pressure.
  • U.S. 4,248,990 discloses copolymers, e.g. ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers which are said to distinguish over the random copolymers of Canadian 655,298 and of U.S. 3,520,861 by virtue of being non-random. This non-randomness is said to be the result of operating the steady state, high pressure, stirred reactor at a pressure of from 0 to about 3.5 M Pa (500 psi) above, and at temperature of from 0°-15°C above, that needed to maintain a single phase reaction mixture at the given concentration of copolymer in the reaction mixture and at the given acid comonomer content of the copolymer.
  • This non-randomness is said to be the result of operating the steady state, high pressure, stirred reactor at a pressure of from 0 to about 3.5 M Pa (500 psi) above, and at temperature of from 0°-15°C above, that needed to maintain a single phase reaction mixture at the given concentration of copolymer in the reaction
  • U.S. 4,252,924 discloses the preparation of non-random copolymers, e.g. ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers in at least two constant environment, stirred autoclaves in series, each using a single phase reaction mixture, but where each succeeding autoclave is maintained at a temperature of at least 30°C above that of the preceding autoclave.
  • non-random copolymers e.g. ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers in at least two constant environment, stirred autoclaves in series, each using a single phase reaction mixture, but where each succeeding autoclave is maintained at a temperature of at least 30°C above that of the preceding autoclave.
  • Figure 1 is presented as a visual aid for relating the present inventive concept.
  • the present inventive concept is perceived as being broadly applicable to interpolymers of ethylene and olefinically-unsaturated organic comonomers, where ethylene comprises the majority amount of the monomer mixture, it is especially applicable to acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl esters, and olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids as comonomers. It is most especially applicable, and preferably used, in preparing polymers of ethylene interpolymerized with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. The ensuing descriptions reflect this preference of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid as comonomers.
  • This disclosure pertains to a process for preparing improved, homogeneous, random ethylene copolymers, especially to improved copolymers of ethylene and carboxylic acid comonomers. It is an objective of this invention to provide ethylene copolymers which are especially well suited for adhesive, coating and/or packaging purposes and as extrusion resins.
  • the objectives of the present invention are accomplished by preparing, especially, a copolymer of ethylene and 0.1-35 weight percent of an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid (e.g., acrylic acid and methacrylic acid) having a melt index in the range of 0.01 to about 5000 g/10 min (ASTM D1238E).
  • an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid e.g., acrylic acid and methacrylic acid
  • homogeneous, random it is meant that substantially all of the copolymer molecules have substantially the same chemical composition although their molecular weight can vary, and that the copolymer has a ratio of weight percent adjacent acid to total weight percent carboxylic acid in the copolymer less than 0.44 (as determined in accordance with U.S. 4,248,990).
  • the copolymers of the present invention combine toughness, flexibility and chemical resistance with outstanding transparency, increased heat seal strength, improved hot tack strength, excellent extrusion coating properties and reduced microgel levels.
  • One of the surprising attributes of the copolymers of the present invention is the outstanding transparency obtained at relatively low comonomer concentrations (i.e., ⁇ 10 percent by wt.). At such low concentrations, the copolymers of the present invention exhibit transparency ordinarily achievable only at high acid concentrations or via the additional preparation step of acid-salt neutralization, e.g. as described in U.S. 3,264,272, U.S. 4,248,990, and U.S. 4,351,931.
  • these copolymers are extremely useful as high clarity blown films in such applications as flexible packaging where the additional advantages of exceptional draw-down, handleability, adhesiveness and printability (without corona or other forms of pretreatment) as well as excellent processability are observed.
  • interpolymers of this invention can also be readily prepared with molecular weight distributions (determined by gel permeation chromatography, which may require esterification pretreatment) suitable for coating applications where improved draw rates, adhesion and heat seal strengths are observed.
  • All the products made at synthesis conditions above the phase boundary are single-phase products.
  • the part of the curve labeled as 3 represents the relative position of the curve between the non-random single-phase portion (2) and the MWD boundary which lies in the random single-phase portion.
  • a curve portion 5 represents products having about the same ratios one would obtain at the two-phase conditions, but which are an appreciable improvement over the two-phase products.
  • the product improvements found on both sides of the MWD boundary, but substantially above the process conditions which give the non-random products are within the purview of the present invention, especially those products in portions 4 and 5 of the ratio curve.
  • homogeneous, random single-phase ethylene copolymers with significantly improved transparency, heat seal strength and hot tack strength, and with molecular weight distributions similar to two-phase products are readily prepared well above the position of the phase boundary and above the range of non-randomness disclosed in U.S. 4,248,990.
  • Analogous to the phase boundary we have found that there exists a transition boundary from broad molecular weight distributions to narrow molecular weight distributions. Unlike the phase boundary, the molecular weight distribution (MWD) boundary is not identified by the dramatic changes in initiator demand (efficiency), or by the significant changes in reactor stirrer motor amperage that are well-known to those skilled in the art.
  • this position can be conveniently identified at a given comonomer concentration by observing the discontinuity in molecular weight distribution at a constant product melt index and comonomer concentration as synthesis conditions are changed in a manner to pass through the molecular weight distribution (MWD) boundary ( Figure 1).
  • MWD molecular weight distribution
  • Figure 1 random single-phase products exhibit broader molecular weight distributions than comparable two-phase products and non-random single-phase products.
  • the random single-phase products will exhibit homogeneity that, surprisingly, offsets their broad molecular weight distributions and permits significantly improved transparency, heat seal strengths and drawdown rates.
  • the respective molecular weight distribution correspondingly narrows, i.e., the ratio of MW w /MW n decreases. Therefore, it is possible to conveniently prepare "single-phase" products with molecular weight distributions equivalent to "two-phase" products by employing the appropriate synthesis conditions and consequently obtain additional product property improvements.
  • the random single-phase products that are prepared under synthesis conditions at which the MWD boundary is reached, or surpassed are further distinguished from the previously known non-random single-phase products, and the random two-phase products, in that the products of the present invention, at equivalent comonomer concentrations and polymer concentration in the polymerization mixture, will possess a ratio of weight average mol. wt. to number average mol. wt. as defined by where MW w is the wt. ave. mol. wt., MW n is the no. ave. mol wt.,
  • MWD boundary occurs > 14 M Pa (>2000 psi) above, and >15° above, the phase boundary when producing an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer containing nine percent acrylic acid by weight.
  • "single-phase" products prepared just below, at, or above the MWD boundary possess less microgels or grain than comparable "two-phase” products as well as less grain than the non-random, "single-phase” products prepared e.g. in U.S. 4,248,990.
  • completely “grain free” products can be readily prepared.
  • This reduction in microgels or "grain” has an aesthetic appeal, and the presence of excessive amounts of grain can contribute to inadequate heat seal and hot tack strengths, as well as promote delamination by compromising the adhesiveness.
  • the improved heat seal and hot tack strengths of these "single-phase” products is also an object of this invention.
  • the copolymers of the present invention can be conveniently prepared at reactor pressures from about 126.5 to about 351.5 M Pa (about 18,000 to about 50,000 psi) and at reactor temperatures from about 150° to about 350°C so long as the phase boundary conditions are appreciably exceeded.
  • the preferred reactor is a continuous autoclave with a 1:1 to about a 16:1 L/D ratio.
  • the reactor may consist of one or more reaction zone(s) by installing baffling systems common in the art; the reactor may be in series with one or more other reactors and the reactor may also be provided with one or more comonomer entry point(s) as described by British Patent 1,096,945.
  • the reactor(s) can be maintained to provide an "intrazone” and/or “interzone” constant environment or it is also possible to operate in such a manner that a gradient of environments exists between and/or within the zones and/or reactors.
  • the products of this invention can be prepared with or without the use of solvents or hydrocarbons as telogens and/or carriers for the comonomer(s) and/or initiator(s). These products are also useful as base resins for the preparation of ionic copolymers, known in the art as "Ionomers", wherefrom additional improvements in transparency, chemical resistance and hot tack strength are readily obtained.
  • the gels that often characterize ethylene/carboxylic acid interpolymers can be of many different shapes, varying sizes and of more than one origin.
  • microgels or "grain” i.e., very small and fine gels
  • large gels i.e., gels >25 ⁇ in diameter
  • microgels or "grain” can actually "seed” these larger gels.
  • EAA GEL RATING* Rating Criteria 0 No visible gels 1 Very few microgels 2 Some microgels 3 Some microgels, some large gels 4 Numerous microgels, some large gels 5 Numerous microgels, numerous large gels 6 Severe gels (* Rating according to criteria by visual inspection of blown film samples.)
  • a 38 ⁇ m (1.5 mil) blown film was prepared from an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer that contained 6.5 percent acrylic acid by weight and had a 2.5 g/10 min melt index (ASTM D1238E).
  • the copolymer was prepared about 0-3.5 M Pa (about 0-500 psi) above and about 0-15°C above its respective phase boundary and the film exhibited excessive microgels or "grain", a Gardner clarity of 12 percent transmission, a 20° film gloss of 25 percent reflected light, a film haze of 5.5 percent scattered light, a heat seal strength, at a 154°C (310°F) sealing bar temperature, of 0.57 kg/cm (3.2 lbs/in) width and a hot tack strength, at a 149°C (300°F) sealing bar temperature, of 59 g/cm (150 grams/inch).
  • a 6.5 percent acrylic acid (by wt.) copolymer having the same melt index was prepared about 24.5 to about 31.5 M Pa (about 3500 to about 4500 psi) above and about 16 to about 18°C above its corresponding phase boundary.
  • the resultant blown film of this product had a Gardner clarity of 47 percent, a 20° gloss of 45 percent, a film haze of 3.2 percent, negligible microgels or "grain", a 0.87 kg/cm (4.9 lbs/in) heat seal strength at 154°C (310°F) and a 78.7 g/cm (200 g/in) in hot tack at 149°C (300°F).
  • Both samples were fabricated into 38.1 ⁇ m (1.5 mil) film on an NRM 20/1, L/D extruder that was equipped with an air ring, mandrel, annular die, and a take-off unit. Both fabrications maintained 204°C melt temperature with a 2.25:1 blow-up ratio.

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Abstract

On prépare des interpolymères homogènes fortuits d'éthylène et des quantités inférieures en poids de comonomères non saturés en oléfines dans un environnement pratiquement constant, un mélange de réaction à état pratiquement permanent, dans un réacteur d'autoclave fortement agité, en une opération continue à phase unique, en recourant à des conditions de synthèse élevées où la température et la pression sont augmentées à un niveau suffisant pour approcher, atteindre ou dépasser la limite de répartition par poids moléculaire.

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de préparation de copolymères statistiques, homogènes, d'éthylène et de au moins un comonomère oléfiniquement insaturé, choisi dans le groupe comprenant les acrylates, les méthacrylates, les esters vinyliques et les acides carboxyliques oléfiniquement insaturés, ledit procédé comprenant la copolymérisation des monomères dans un environnement pratiquement constant, dans des conditions d'état stationnaire, dans un mélange réactionnel à une seule phase, sous l'influence d'un amorceur radicalaire, dans un réacteur autoclave bien agité que l'on fait fonctionner en continu, les monomères étant introduits dans le réacteur et le mélange réactionnel extrait du réacteur, ledit procédé étant caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise des conditions de synthèse (température et pression) qui sont amenées à un niveau suffisamment élevé au-dessus de la frontière entre les domaines correspondant à l'opération à deux phases et à l'opération à une seule phase (frontière de phase) pour que la limite de distribution de masse moléculaire (MWD) soit atteinte ou dépassée, ladite limite de distribution de masse moléculaire étant la valeur la plus élevée du rapport masse moléculaire moyenne en poids/masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre que l'on peut obtenir dans une opération à une seule phase, ladite pression élevée étant supérieure de plus de 14 MPa (2000 psi) et ladite température élevée étant supérieure de plus de 15°C aux conditions de synthèse requises à la frontière de phase pour un mélange donné d'éthylène et de comonomère, ce qui fournit un copolymère ayant moins de gel et/ou de grain.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les monomères organiques oléfiniquement insaturés comprennent au moins un composé pris parmi l'acide acrylique, l'acide méthacrylique, les acrylates d'alkyle, les méthacrylates d'alkyle et les esters vinyliques.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le monomère organique oléfiniquement insaturé comprend l'acide acrylique ou l'acide méthacrylique.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le monomère organique oléfiniquement insaturé est l'acide acrylique.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le monomère organique oléfiniquement insaturé est l'acide méthacrylique.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les copolymères ainsi produits comprennent d'environ 99 % à environ 65 % en poids de motifs éthylène dans la chaîne de polymère.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les copolymères ainsi produits comprennent d'environ 99 % à environ 88 % en poids de motifs éthylène dans la chaîne de polymère.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les conditions de synthèse comprennent une température élevée, qui est située dans l'intervalle allant d'environ 150°C à environ 350°C, et une pression élevée, qui est comprise dans l'intervalle allant d'environ 126,5 à environ 351,8 MPa (environ 18.000 à environ 50.000 psi), ladite pression étant supérieure d'au moins environ 14 MPa (2000 psi) et ladite température étant supérieure aux valeurs minimales nécessaires pour la production d'un mélange réactionnel à une seule phase, et ladite température élevée et ladite pression élevée étant suffisantes pour dépasser nettement la température et la pression auxquelles la limite de distribution de masse moléculaire du copolymère ainsi produit est atteinte.
  9. Produit copolymère statistique, homogène, à une seule phase, comprenant au moins environ 65 % en poids d'éthylène, le pourcentage restant comprenant au moins un comonomère organique oléfiniquement insaturé, ledit copolymère étant en outre caractérisé par le fait qu'il possède un rapport masse moléculaire moyenne en poids/masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre défini par la formule :
    Figure imgb0018
     dans laquelle
    MWw est la masse moléculaire moyenne en poids,
    MWn est la masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre,
    C₁ est l'intersection de la courbe donnant la fraction en poids de comonomère en fonction de
    Figure imgb0019
     pour un comonomère donné,
    Figure imgb0020
     étant le rapport de la masse moléculaire moyenne en poids à la masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre à la limite de distribution de masse moléculaire (MWD) pour un comonomère donné, et C₂ est la pente de la courbe donnant la fraction en poids de comonomère en fonction de
    Figure imgb0021
     pour un comonomère donné.
  10. Copolymère selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le comonomère est un acide carboxylique oléfiniquement insaturé.
  11. Copolymère selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le comonomère est l'acide acrylique.
  12. Copolymère selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le comonomère est l'acide méthacrylique.
EP84902562A 1983-06-13 1984-06-12 Interpolymeres d'ethylene et d'acides carboxyliques non satures Expired - Lifetime EP0146620B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/504,032 US4599392A (en) 1983-06-13 1983-06-13 Interpolymers of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acids
US504032 1983-06-13
PCT/US1984/000914 WO1984004926A1 (fr) 1983-06-13 1984-06-12 Interpolymeres d'ethylene et d'acides carboxyliques non satures

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EP19880120911 Division EP0318058A3 (fr) 1983-06-13 1984-06-12 Copolymères de l'éthylène et d'acides carboxyliques insaturés
EP19880120911 Division-Into EP0318058A3 (fr) 1983-06-13 1984-06-12 Copolymères de l'éthylène et d'acides carboxyliques insaturés

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EP0146620A1 EP0146620A1 (fr) 1985-07-03
EP0146620A4 EP0146620A4 (fr) 1985-09-26
EP0146620B1 true EP0146620B1 (fr) 1992-12-30
EP0146620B2 EP0146620B2 (fr) 2006-04-05

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EP19880120911 Withdrawn EP0318058A3 (fr) 1983-06-13 1984-06-12 Copolymères de l'éthylène et d'acides carboxyliques insaturés

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EP (2) EP0146620B2 (fr)
JP (4) JPS60501563A (fr)
AU (1) AU557828B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1273745A (fr)
DE (2) DE3486025T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1984004926A1 (fr)

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US4599392A (en) 1986-07-08
EP0146620A1 (fr) 1985-07-03
CA1273745A (fr) 1990-09-04
EP0146620A4 (fr) 1985-09-26
JPH05310846A (ja) 1993-11-22
EP0318058A3 (fr) 1991-05-15
AU3065684A (en) 1985-01-04
JPH02103115A (ja) 1990-04-16
DE3486025D1 (de) 1993-02-11
JPH08847B2 (ja) 1996-01-10
JPH03170510A (ja) 1991-07-24
JPH0786129B2 (ja) 1995-09-20
EP0318058A2 (fr) 1989-05-31
EP0146620B2 (fr) 2006-04-05
DE3486025T2 (de) 1993-04-29
JPH0315923B2 (fr) 1991-03-04
JPH0712636B2 (ja) 1995-02-15
JPS60501563A (ja) 1985-09-19
DE146620T1 (de) 1988-05-19
AU557828B2 (en) 1987-01-08
DE3486025T3 (de) 2007-04-12
WO1984004926A1 (fr) 1984-12-20

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