EP1173464A2 - Purification de phytosterols a partir de sources ligneuses ou vegetales et compositions resultantes - Google Patents

Purification de phytosterols a partir de sources ligneuses ou vegetales et compositions resultantes

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Publication number
EP1173464A2
EP1173464A2 EP00922365A EP00922365A EP1173464A2 EP 1173464 A2 EP1173464 A2 EP 1173464A2 EP 00922365 A EP00922365 A EP 00922365A EP 00922365 A EP00922365 A EP 00922365A EP 1173464 A2 EP1173464 A2 EP 1173464A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phytosterols
hydrocarbon
derived
halides
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00922365A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1173464B1 (fr
Inventor
James L. Coss
James P. Kutney
Radka K. Milanova
Paul Jollez
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Forbes Medi-Tech Inc
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Forbes Medi-Tech Inc
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Priority to SI200031006T priority Critical patent/SI1173464T1/sl
Publication of EP1173464A2 publication Critical patent/EP1173464A2/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
    • C11B13/02—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials from soap stock
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/575—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of three or more carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, ergosterol, sitosterol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07J—STEROIDS
    • C07J9/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
    • C11B13/005—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials of residues of the fabrication of wood-cellulose (in particular tall-oil)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the purification of phytosterols from wood or plant derived sources.
  • Sterols are naturally occurring compounds that perform many critical cellular functions.
  • Phytosterols such as campesterol, stigmasterol, campestanol and beta-sitosterol in plants, ergosterol in fungi and cholesterol in animals are each primary components of cellular and sub-cellular membranes in their respective cell types.
  • the dietary source of phytosterols in humans comes form plant material i.e. vegetables and plant oils.
  • the average Western diet contains about 60-80 mg of phytosterols per day, which can be contrasted with a vegetarian diet, which provides about 500 mg per day.
  • these dietary plant sterols have received a great deal of attention because of their possible anti-cancer properties and their ability to decrease cholesterol levels when fed to a number of mammalian species, including humans.
  • phytosterols closely resemble cholesterol in structure.
  • the major phytosterols are beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol.
  • Others include stigmastanol (beta-sitostanol), sitostanol, desmosterol, chalinasterol, poriferasterol, clionasterol and brassicasterol.
  • stigmastanol beta-sitostanol
  • sitostanol desmosterol
  • chalinasterol chalinasterol
  • poriferasterol poriferasterol
  • clionasterol brassicasterol.
  • the chemical structures of beta- sitosterol, campesterol, campestanol, brassicasterol, brassicastanol and sitostanol are as follows:
  • Brassicasterol Brassicastanol The mechanism by which phytosterols lower blood cholesterol in animals is unclear, but it appears to involve the inhibition of cholesterol absorbtion from the proximum jejunum by competing with cholesterol at specific uptake sites. Research data has also suggested that some phytosterols are not absorbed at the proximal jejunum at all (sitostanol) and, when there is absorbtion (beta-sitosterol), it is in very limited quantities.
  • phytosterols offer a unique combination of long-term safety, efficacy, and versatility in human treatment.
  • the ongoing challenges with respect to phytosterols is in their isolation and purification from plant sources, in determining additional sources which are cost-effective and manageable on a large-scale.
  • phytosterols have been isolated from sources such as com oil, wheat germ oil, soya bean pitch and corn oil pitch.
  • tall oil pitch which is obtained during the process of preparing paper from wood, particularly pine wood, has been used as a phytosterol source.
  • wood chips are digested with caustic soda to produce a pulp and "soap".
  • the resultant tall oil is then distilled to remove the volatile materials leaving a "pitch" as the residue. It is from this pitch that researchers have traditionally isolated phytosterols.
  • United States Patent No. 3,840,570 to Julian provides a process for preparing sterols from tall oil pitch by extraction in a water - alcohol - hydrocarbon mixture followed by saponification and subsequent purification.
  • the starting material in this process is tall oil pitch from which are extracted phytosterols and various impurities. It is recognized that, in any tall oil pitch purification process, the long-chain alcohol and acid impurities are particularly difficult to separate from the sterols (which are, themselves, high molecular weight alcohols).
  • US Patent No. 4,044031 to Johansson et al. describes a hexane extraction process for the removal of sterols from crude sulfate soap skimmings.
  • US Patent No. 3,965,085 to Kaukas uses, for the isloation of phytosterols from soap, a mixture of solvents comprising hexane, acetone, methanol and water.
  • US Patent No. 5,770,749 to Kutney et al. teaches a process of extracting sterols from pulping soap in which the solvent mixture comprises water, ketone, a hydrocarbon and no alcohol.
  • British Patent No.1 ,164,769 describes a method for isolating sterols from mixtures with lipids wherein the mixture is dissolved, preferably in a hydrocarbon solvent, the solution is mixed with an aqueous solution of a metal salt which is suitable for complex formation, the water is progressively removed by azeotropic distillation, and the precipitated adduct is isolated and split in the conventional manner after cooling of the mixture.
  • the present invention provides a universal process for purifying phytosterols from a wood or plant derived source which comprises extracting from the source a concentrated extract comprising phytosterols and a hydrocarbon; complexing the extract so formed with a metal salt; separating the phytosterol/metal salt complex from the hydrocarbon; washing the complex with a solvent mixture comprising one or both of a hydrocarbon and a ketone; hydrolysing the washed complex so formed and finally separating the phytosterols therefrom.
  • the present invention also comprises compositions of phytosterols prepared according to the process described herein.
  • the present invention further describes compositions of phytosterols comprising beta-sitosterol, campesterol, campestanol and sitostanol which are useful in preventing or treating primary and secondary dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis including coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke in humans and other animals.
  • the present invention further provides the for a method of treating or preventing primary and secondary dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis including coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke in humans and other animals which comprises administering to the animal the composition of the present invention.
  • the present invention further provides a process of preparing a phytosterol composition which comprises blending a mixture of both hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated phytosterols, from various wood and plant derived sources.
  • compositions that exhibit excellent results in lowering total serum cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) serum cholesterol while at the same time, maintaining or elevating the serum levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of a purification process from either soap, pitch or plant extract in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the refining of vegetable oil.
  • the present invention provides a unique complexation-hydrolysis process for purifying phytosterols from many varied sources, including wood derived sources (both soap and pitch) and from plant sources.
  • the process comprises extracting from the source a concentrated extract comprising phytosterols and a hydrocarbon; complexing the extract so formed with a metal salt; separating the phytosterol/metal salt complex from the hydrocarbon; washing the complex with a solvent mixture comprising one or both of a hydrocarbon and a ketone; hydrolysing the washed complex so formed and finally separating the phytosterols therefrom.
  • soap contains about 1-4% of unbound free phytosterols and few of the decomposition products found in the pitch.
  • the soap is prepared by a known process (the "Kraft" process), wherein wood chips are treated with caustic soda.
  • the wood chips for use in preparing either the pitch or soap for use in accordance with the present invention may be derived from any hard wood or soft wood variety of tree including, but not limited to, fir, cedar, pine, spruce, oak, hemlock and poplar. Most preferably, the chips are derived from any Pacific Northwest American or European forest variety of woods
  • the extraction phase will differ depending on whether the starting material is the soap or the pitch and it is well within the skill of those in this field to choose an appropriate extraction procedure. Either way, it is contemplated within the present invention that the "product" of the extraction phase will be a concentrated extract comprising phytosterols, for example a hexane layer achieved through solvent extraction. This product of the extraction phase then undergoes the novel purification process of the present invention.
  • the phytosterols may be extracted (and concentrated extract produced) as described in US Patent No. 5,770,749 to Kutney et al, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a soap is mixed with a ketone and water solution.
  • a hydrocarbon solvent is used to extract the sterols.
  • This step can be performed at temperatures generally from about 25°C to about 150°C, but most preferably from about 50°C to about 100°C. Most preferably, this extraction phase is continued over 15 to 24 hours. It is important to note that the use of alcohol is neither required nor suggested during the extraction phase.
  • the extraction process is conducted using a ketone-water-hydrocarbon solvent wherein the ketone is most preferably acetone and the hydrocarbon is most preferably hexane.
  • the product of the extraction phase is a concentrated extract or residue that is then purified in accordance with the process of the present invention.
  • phytosterols are present in vegetables, vegetable oils (such as corn oil, and canola or rapeseed oil), wheat extracts such as wheat germ oil, soy extracts, rice extracts, rice bran and sesame oil to name a few.
  • Aquatic plants may also be processed to extract phytosterols.
  • crude phytosterols may be extracted from any plant source and then subsequently purified using the novel process described and claimed herein.
  • the plant source is a vegetable extract, such as a vegetable oil distillate.
  • Figure 2 represents a schematic outline of a process in which vegetable oil is refined thereby creating a by-product of a vegetable oil distillate. This distillate is suitable for purification using the process of the present invention.
  • the vegetable oil refining or "extraction” process operates basically as follows: the seeds are pressed to yield both crude pressed oil and meal. The latter is mixed with a hexane solvent to produce crude vegetable oil, which then undergoes a series of de-gumming, de-colourising and deodorising steps to yield, ultimately, the refined oil.
  • a by-product of the deodorization process is the vegetable oil or "deodorizer” distillate which is then purified using the complexation- hydrolysis procedure of the present invention.
  • the core of the present invention is a novel complexation-hydrolysis purification process that generally comprises the following steps: 1.taking the product of the extraction phase, for example, the concentrated extract comprising phytosterols and a hydrocarbon and adding thereto a metal salt in order to form a complex between the metal salt and the phytosterols;
  • the metal salt may be selected from any halides of calcium, including, but not limited to anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCI2) or hydrated derivatives thereof, anhydrous calcium bromide (CaBr2) or hydrated derivatives thereof, and anhydrous calcium iodide (Cal2) or hydrated derivatives thereof.
  • Other metal salts such as, for example, the halides of magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper, nickel, iron, radium, barium, strontium, beryllium may also be used.
  • the molar equivalents of the metal salt as compared to molar equivalents of the phytosterols in the concentrated extract can vary from 1 to 10.
  • CaCI2 is used as the metal salt due to its ready availability, and disposability i.e. a complex recycling process can be avoided due to its relatively low cost.
  • anhydrous CaCI2 is used as the metal salt.
  • the hydrocarbon in the solvent mixture is selected from the group comprising all C5 to C10 hydrocarbons or an ether such as ethyl ether or higher analogue thereof.
  • the hydrocarbon is one or more of the following: hexane, petroleum ether, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), acetone, or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) .
  • the ketone in the solvent mixture may have from C1 to
  • the ketone is 2- propanone (acetone).
  • the solvent comprises a mix of hexane and acetone, preferably in a ratio range of 1 to 20.
  • the ratios of extract to solvent mixture may vary from about 0.5 litres per kilogram of extract to 5 litres per kilogram of extract. Most preferably, about 3 litres of solvent mixture per kilogram of extract is used.
  • the purification process (shown in Figure 1) works as follows: the metal salt is dissolved in water or alcohol (preferably methanol) and added to the concentrated extract (a hydrocarbon layer, which is most often a hexane layer depending on the prior extraction steps).
  • the mixture is then agitated and heated to evaporate the water.
  • the complexation reaction is complete and the complex is separated from the hydrocarbon layer, most preferably by centrifugation. Thereafter, the complex is washed in the centrifuge with fresh solvent comprising one or more of a hydrocarbon and ketone.
  • the volume of washing can be very low, in the range of one to five times the volume of the residual hydrocarbon layer that wets the cake before washing.
  • the washed complex is then hydrolysed, most preferably by reacting it with hot water (in temperatures ranging from 50-100 degrees C).
  • the residual solvent trapped in the complex is stripped and condensed.
  • the hydrolysis reaction is completed.
  • the water dissolves the metal salt, concomitantly liberating the crude phytosterols.
  • the crude sterols are then separated from the salty water, preferably through centrifugation.
  • the volume of water may be very small, in the range of one to five times the volume of the residual salty water that wets the cake before washing.
  • the phytosterols are then dried, preferably under vacuum, to a residual water content of 5% or less.
  • the recovery of phytosterols from the concentrated extract using this novel complexation-hydrolysis is in the range of 60 to 80% on a pure sterol basis.
  • the major sterol content is in the range of between 60 to 80%.
  • the phytosterols purified as above may be subjected to a final purification phase.
  • the dried sterol is dissolved in an alcohol, at boiling point and under reflux conditions.
  • the amount of alcohol is from 5 to 10 litres for every kilogram of dried phytosterols, most preferably 9 litres.
  • Suitable alcohols include all C1 to C6 alcohols and derivatives thereof. Most preferred is 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol).
  • a suitable adsorbent such as activated carbon or bleaching clay is then added to the solution. The amount of adsorbent can vary from 5 to 20 kilograms per kilogram of dried phytosterol.
  • the mixture so prepared is agitated under reflux for approximately one hour and hot filtered to recover the adsorbent.
  • the alcohol is cooled down from about 78 degrees C to from 5 to 20 degrees C in order to crystallize the sterols which are then separated, for example in a centrifuge, and washed with fresh alcohol.
  • the very pure phytosterols so formed are then dried under vacuum.
  • the recovery from this phase is in the range of 70 to 80% on a pure sterol basis.
  • This final product has a major sterol content higher than 86% and a total sterol content higher than 95%.
  • the phytosterol compositions of the present invention comprise beta- sitosterol, campesterol, campestanol, and sitostanol and all natural or synthesised forms thereof and derivatives thereof, including isomers.
  • the compositions per se, as well as the preferred concentration ratios of the constituent phytosterols, described in more detail below, are distinct from the sitostanol-based compositions which have been investigated by researchers to date.
  • sitostanol and campestanol concentrations are higher than ever taught or used by prior researchers.
  • beta-sitosterol concentration is significantly lower than that advocated in prior teachings. The end result, i.e.
  • the combination of these four primary phytosterols in concert and most preferably, at the concentration ranges disclosed, is a composition which exhibits a marked ability to lower total serum and LDL cholesterol levels while concomitantly increasing both the beneficial HDL serum cholesterol levels and HDL/LDL ratio.
  • phytosterol in many instances is intended to encompass both phytosterols and their saturated or hydrogenated counterparts "phytostanols". Limitations should not be read into the disclosure by the absence of the each repeated term.
  • the composition of the present invention comprises from 10 to 60% sitostanol, 4 to 25% campesterol, 5 to 30% campestanol, and 30 to 80% beta-sitosterol. Most preferably, the composition comprises from 10-30% campestanol. It is to be understood, however, that if the composition is prepared by the purification process of the present invention, and depending on the original "source” from which the phytosterols are purified (i.e. soap, pitch or plant), additional phytosterols, such as brassicasterol and brassicastanol, may form part of the resultant "end product" and may contribute to the therapeutic efficacy.
  • additional phytosterols such as brassicasterol and brassicastanol
  • composition of the present invention along with the four phytosterols described above, there is included from 3-40% brassicasterol and/or from 3-40% brassicastanol, and more preferably from 3-20% of each.
  • compositions of the present invention may be produced by either one of the following means:
  • each of the constituent phytosterols may be synthesized de novo or extracted and purified from various sources (for example from vegetable sources) and then combined ; or 2. the composition may be prepared from wood or plant sources by using known extraction techniques followed by the novel purification process described herein.
  • a most preferred process is to combine steps 1 and 2 above, that is, to "blend" phytosterols and phytostanols from varying sources.
  • steps 1 and 2 above that is, to "blend” phytosterols and phytostanols from varying sources.
  • one source for example sitosterol
  • another source may be richer in another required component (for example sitostanol).
  • phytosterols and their hydrogenated or saturated counterparts called “phytostanols” are present in many natural sources, including forestry by-products and wood and plant sources. They may be procured from vegetable sources, from the processing of plant oils such as corn oil as shown in Figure 2 (and including aquatic plants), from wheat germ oil, soy extract, rice extract, rice bran, rapeseed oil, sesame oil and from fish oils.
  • the blending process of the present invention comprises:
  • the ratios of hydrogenated "vegetable or plant derived” phytosterols to wood-derived phytosterols can range from about 1 to 3. More preferably, hydrogenated plant derived phytosterols are blended in about a 1 :2 ratio with the wood-derived phytosterol composition of the present invention.
  • the blending process of the present invention comprises:
  • the blending process of the present invention comprises:
  • Hydrogenated wood derived phytosterols blended with non- hydrogenated wood derived phytosterols are most preferably mixed in a ratio of 1 :3.
  • the blending process of the present invention comprises:
  • Hydrogenated plant derived phytosterols blended with non- hydrogenated plant derived phytosterols are most preferably mixed in a ratio of 1 :1.
  • wood derived and plant and plant derived phytosterols may be blended with either hydrogenated wood derived phytosterols or hydrogenated plant derived phytosterols to yield a composition with the desired ratio of plant sterol constituents.
  • triplet blending a wood derived phytosterol composition, a plant derived phytosterol composition and a hydrogenated plant derived composition (preferably vegetable or soy derived) is blended in a ratio of 1 :1 :2.
  • a wood derived phytosterol composition, a plant derived phytosterol composition and a hydrogenated wood derived composition is blended in a ratio of 1 :1 :1.3.
  • the blending step can be achieved by a number of different means.
  • the constituent phytosterols/phytostanols are dissolved into a suitable solvent mixture and recrystallized to ensure uniformity in the end composition.
  • Other "blending" methods are also appropriate.
  • Hydrogenation of the phytosterol composition in accordance with the present invention may be achieved by a number of different methods known and widely used in the art including the method described in Augustine and Reardon. The Palladium catalyzed hydrogenation of cholesterol. Org Prep. And Proceed. 1969;1 :107-109, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. This reference is based on the use of Pd/C catalyst in organic solvents. Other suitable cataylsts include platinum, Raney nickel and palladium on alumina (latter used in Example 4, below).
  • compositions of the present invention may be administered to animals, including humans, directly or may be incorporated into various vehicles for delivery such as pharmaceuticals, foods, beverages, nutraceuticals and the like, including dietary supplements and vitamin formulations for the treatment and/or prevention of dislipidemias, atherosclerosis and its consequences, strokes, heart attacks and peripheral vascular disease.
  • the phytosterol compositions described herein may be provided in the form of medications with suitable adjuvants or carriers. Furthermore, the compositions may be combined or prescribed with other known compounds which inhibit cholesterol synthesis, such as statins or other selected lipid-lowering agents, to decrease the necessary dosage, and hence toxicity, of these latter compounds.
  • the hexane extract (150 g) obtained from Example 1 was dissolved in technical grade petroleum ether at 30-60 degrees C.
  • Calcium Chloride dihydrate (20 g) was dissolved in 20 mL of water and added to the hexane extract. The mixture was heated up to 50 degrees C and the water was recovered under azeotropic evaporation. After three hours, 11 ml of water was recovered. The resultant yellow precipitate was filtered and washed with fresh petroleum ether. After drying, 58 g of the complex was recovered. The complex was then hydrolysed in hot distilled water at 80 degrees C for 30 minutes. The crude sterols were then filtered, washed with distilled hot water and dried. A mass of 31.8 g of final dry product was obtained having a phytosterol content of 77.83%. The overall yield for the purification was 76.6%.
  • a tall oil soap extract (99.98 g) containing 32.6 % of sterols was dissolved in 98.56 g of mixture of hexane-acetone (75:25) (w/w).
  • a solution of 10.44 g of anhydrous calcium chloride in 33.35 g of methanol was then added. The mixture was heated for 60 minutes at 40°C under stirring, after which an abundant precipitate is formed. The precipitate was then filtered and washed with 100 mL of same mixture of solvents (hexane-acetone). After drying at 65°C, 34.23 g of a white complex was recovered. The complex was then hydrolysed in hot distilled (200 mL) water at 80°C for one hour.
  • the resultant sterols were filtered, washed with distilled water and finally dried. A mass of 25.413 g of final dry product (1.4% moisture content) was obtained having a minimum phytosterol content of 74.5 %.
  • the overall phytosterol yield of the complexation-hydrolysis process for the extracted tall oil soap was 57.27 %.
  • the resultant sterols were filtered, washed with distilled water and finally dried. A mass of 33.26 g of final dry product (0.6% humidity) was obtained having a minimum phytosterol content of 60.9 %.
  • the overall phytosterol yield of the complexation-hydrolysis process for the extracted tall oil soap was 61.14 %.
  • the resultant sterols were filtered, washed with distilled water and finally dried. A mass of 36.18 g of final dry product (5% humidity) was obtained having a minimum phytosterol content of 72.6 %.
  • the overall phytosterol yield of the complexation-hydrolysis process for the extracted tall oil soap was 77.41 %.
  • a vegetable oil distillate (100.19 g) obtained from a deodorization process in soybean industry containing 7.59% of sterols was dissolved in 98.52 g of methyl ethyl ketone.
  • a solution of 4.02 g of anhydrous calcium chloride in 11.92 g of methanol was then added. The mixture was heated for 60 minutes at 40°C under stirring, after what an abundant precipitate is formed. The precipitate was then filtered and washed with 100 mL of methyl ethyl ketone. After drying at 65°C, 17.38 g of the complex was recovered. The complex was then hydrolysed in hot distilled (200 mL) water at 80°C for one hour.
  • the resultant sterols were filtered, washed with distilled water and finally dried. A mass of 9.79 g of final dry product was obtained having a minimum phytosterol content of 58.1%.
  • the overall phytosterol yield of the complexation-hydrolysis process for the vegetal oil distillate was 73.17 %.
  • a Pitch (100.18 g) coming from the fractional distillation of CTO (crude tall oil) manufacturing containing 6.96 % of sterols was dissolved in 98.19 g of methyl ethyl ketone.
  • a solution of 10.42 g of anhydrous calcium chloride in 26.09 g of methanol was then added. The mixture was heated for 60 minutes at 40°C under stirring, after what a precipitate is formed. The precipitate was then filtered and washed two times with 100 mL of methyl ethyl ketone. After drying at 65°C, 11.297 g of the complex was recovered. The complex was then hydrolysed in hot distilled water (200 mL) at 80°C for one hour.
  • the resultant sterols were filtered, washed with distilled water and finally dried. A mass of 8.271 g of final dry product was obtained having a minimum phytosterol content of 75.7%.
  • the overall phytosterol yield of the complexation-hydrolysis process for the pitch was 89.79 %.
  • the hexane extract (142.9 g obtained from Example 1 was dissolved in 140 ml of a mixture of technical grade hexane and acetone in the volumetric ratio of 80/20. A solution of 20 g of calcium chloride dihydrate dissolved in 13 ml of water was then added. The mixture was evaporated for 130 minutes until 16.5 ml of the aqueous phase was recovered. The precipitate was then filtered and washed with a fresh mixture of hexane and acetone in the same volumetric ratio. After drying, 44.2 g of the complex was recovered. The complex was then hydrolysed in hot distilled water at 80 degrees C. The resultant sterols were filtered, washed with distilled water and finally dried. A mass of 30.4 grams of final dry product was obtained having a minimum phytosterol content of 69.8%. The overall phytosterol yield of the complexation-hydrolysis process was 70.7%.
  • reaction mixture was then heated to 60-70 degrees C in an oil bath and then stirred for under a H2 atmosphere (1atm).
  • the reaction was monitored by gas chromatography (GC) after 6 hours.
  • Product ratio campestanol and sitstanol 67.3%, starting material:28.6%, isomer:4.1%.
  • the molar ratio of CaCI 2 / sterols In example 3, it is calculated to be 1.2. In example 4, it is calculated to be 1.5. In example 5, it is calculated to be 1.5. In example 6, it is calculated to be 1.98. In example 7, it is calculated to be 5.58.
  • t is calculated to be 1.02. In example 4, it is calculated to be 1.19. In example 5, t is calculated to be 1.21. In example 6, t is calculated to be 1.57. In example 7, t is calculated to be 3.74.
  • This mixture was heated to 53 degrees (+/- 3degrees) C and held at that temperature for I hour to ensure all solids were dissolved.
  • the sterol solution was concentrated in the reactor simply by pulling a vacuum on the reactor at 55 degrees C.
  • the remaing weight in the reactor was 94kg, thus 68kg of IPA was evaporated from the solution.
  • the resulting weight of the concentrated sterols was 1kg solid sterols: 1.9 kg IPA.
  • the concentrated solution was pumped into a refrigerated tank (pumping temp was 55 degrees C). While slowly agitating, the sterol-IPA mixture was cooled from 55 degrees C down to 2.7 degrees C in 4 hours, 25 minutes.
  • the sterol crystals were recovered by filtering through a plate and frame filter press fitted with 5 micron pore size filter papers. A total of 52.8 kg of wet crystals was recovered from the filter press. The crystals were transferred into an air deolventizer and desolventized for 48 hours at ambient temperature. The final IPA level of the crystals was about 2.5%.
  • a vegetable derived phytosterol mixture comprising 44.36% beta-sitosterol, 1.08% sitostanol, 27.5% campesterol and 0.45% campestanol purified in accordance with the process of Example 3 was blended with a hydrogenated vegetable derived phytosterol mixture comprising 62.3% sitostanol and 32.2% campestanol in a ratio of 47.9 to 52.1 using the protocol outlined in Example 5.
  • the resultant product was a novel "blended composition comprising 21.25% beta-sitosterol, 33.00% sitostanol, 13.17% campesterol and 16.99% campestanol.
  • EXAMPLE 12 Blending of vegetable derived and wood derived phytosterol mixtures
  • a vegetable derived phytosterol mixture comprising 44.36% beta-sitosterol, 1.08% sitostanol, 27.5% campesterol and 0.45% campestanol purified in accordance with the process of Example 3 was blended with a hydrogenated wood derived mixture comprising 73.47% sitostanol and 21.3% campestanol in a ratio of 55.9 to 44.1 using the protocol outlined in Example 5.
  • the resultant product was a novel "blended composition comprising 24.80% beta-sitosterol, 33.00% sitostanol, 15.37% campesterol and 9.64% campestanol
  • a wood derived phytosterol mixture comprising 53.65% beta-sitosterol, 19.81% sitostanol, 15.76% campesterol and 0% campestanol purified in accordance with the process of Example 3 was blended with a hydrogenated vegetable derived mixture comprising 62.3% sitostanol and 32.2% campestanol in a ratio of 69 to 31 using the protocol outlined in Example 5.
  • the resultant product was a novel "blended composition comprising 37.02% beta-sitosterol, 32.98% sitostanol, 10.87% campesterol and 9.98% campestanol.
  • a wood derived phytosterol mixture comprising 53.65% beta-sitosterol, 19.81% sitostanol, 15.76% campesterol and 0% campestanol, purified in accordance with the process of Example 3, was blended with a hydrogenated wood derived mixture comprising 73.47% sitostanol and 21.3% campestanol in a ratio of 75.45 to 24.55 using the protocol outlined in Example 5.
  • the resultant product was a novel "blended" composition comprising 40.48% beta-sitosterol, 33.00% sitostanol, 11.89% campesterol and 5.23% campestanol.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé universel de purification de phytostérols à partir d'une source ligneuse ou végétale. Ce procédé consiste à extraire de la source un concentré contenant des phytostérols et un hydrocarbure, à combiner cet extrait avec un sel métallique de manière à former un complexe, à séparer ce complexe phytostérol/sel métallique de l'hydrocarbure, à laver le complexe avec un mélange solvant comprenant un hydrocarbure et/ou une cétone, à hydrolyser le complexe lavé ainsi obtenu et finalement à séparer les phytostérols. L'invention concerne également une nouvelle composition contenant du béta-sitostérol, du campestérol, du campestanol, du sitostanol and éventuellement de brassicastérol et du brassicastanol.
EP20000922365 1999-04-27 2000-04-27 Procédé pour la préparation d'une composition phytosterol Expired - Lifetime EP1173464B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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SI200031006T SI1173464T1 (sl) 1999-04-27 2000-04-27 Postopek za pripravo fitosterolnega sestavka

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US30013599A 1999-04-27 1999-04-27
US300135 1999-04-27
PCT/CA2000/000455 WO2000064921A2 (fr) 1999-04-27 2000-04-27 Purification de phytosterols a partir de sources ligneuses ou vegetales et compositions resultantes

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JP (1) JP2002543088A (fr)
AT (1) ATE398629T1 (fr)
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JP4707862B2 (ja) * 2001-04-16 2011-06-22 花王株式会社 植物ステロールの製法
MXPA06001003A (es) * 2003-07-29 2006-04-11 Unilever Nv Producto alimenticio que comprende fitosteroles.
EP1568760A1 (fr) * 2004-02-06 2005-08-31 Härting Glade, Thomas Francis Procédé pour l'affinement d'une matière première contenant de la liqueur noire, du tallol cru ou de la poix de tallol
EP2252626B1 (fr) 2008-03-10 2014-07-23 SunPine AB Récupération de phytostérol de courants résiduels d huile végétale
JP5412301B2 (ja) * 2009-02-17 2014-02-12 花王株式会社 植物油の精製・製造方法
JP5378001B2 (ja) * 2009-02-17 2013-12-25 花王株式会社 脂肪酸アルキルエステルの精製方法
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US10307450B2 (en) 2010-01-11 2019-06-04 Phoenix Biotechnology, Inc. Method of treating neurological conditions with extract of Nerium species or Thevetia species
US10383886B2 (en) 2010-01-11 2019-08-20 Phoenix Biotechnology, Inc. Method of treating neurological conditions with oleandrin
US8039025B1 (en) 2010-10-15 2011-10-18 Life Plus, LLC Methods and dosage forms for the treatment of human cancers
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US10702567B2 (en) 2016-09-14 2020-07-07 Phoenix Biotechnology, Inc. Method and compositions for treating viral infection
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US11629309B2 (en) 2017-09-14 2023-04-18 Fermenta Biotech Limited Solvent free process for extraction of cholesterol from milk fat
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BR0010062A (pt) 2002-05-21
ES2308979T3 (es) 2008-12-16
WO2000064921A2 (fr) 2000-11-02
EP1173464B1 (fr) 2008-06-18
JP2002543088A (ja) 2002-12-17
CY1110390T1 (el) 2012-05-23
CA2372154A1 (fr) 2000-11-02
DK1173464T3 (da) 2008-10-06
WO2000064921A3 (fr) 2001-07-12
SI1173464T1 (sl) 2009-02-28
AU4279400A (en) 2000-11-10
PT1173464E (pt) 2008-08-05
DE60039232D1 (de) 2008-07-31
ATE398629T1 (de) 2008-07-15

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