EP1290916B1 - Dispositif de chauffage electrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1290916B1
EP1290916B1 EP01936356A EP01936356A EP1290916B1 EP 1290916 B1 EP1290916 B1 EP 1290916B1 EP 01936356 A EP01936356 A EP 01936356A EP 01936356 A EP01936356 A EP 01936356A EP 1290916 B1 EP1290916 B1 EP 1290916B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating device
electric heating
layer
electric
fuel
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP01936356A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1290916A1 (fr
Inventor
Elias Russegger
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DE10029244A external-priority patent/DE10029244A1/de
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Publication of EP1290916A1 publication Critical patent/EP1290916A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/12—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating electrically
    • F02M31/125—Fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/04—Preheating liquid fuel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical Heating device, in particular for fluids such as e.g. liquid Fuel, with an electrical resistance comprehensive heating element, which is connected to an electrical Power source is connected.
  • fluids such as e.g. liquid Fuel
  • electrical resistance comprehensive heating element which is connected to an electrical Power source is connected.
  • Heating cartridge is arranged in a fuel line, for example, an oil supply pipe to an oil heater burner, which comprises a heating coil with a thermocouple, which projects into the fuel stream transported in the fuel line.
  • the thermocouple is used for temperature detection and temperature control. If an electrical voltage is applied to the heating cartridge, the heating coil and the fuel flowing past it heat up.
  • the advantage of such heating is that the heated fuel has a low viscosity and therefore forms a very thin fuel film on the wall of the conventional hollow cone nozzle. This in turn reduces the flow even with a relatively large nozzle opening. A relatively large nozzle opening is desired because of the otherwise present danger of clogging.
  • atomizing burners can be operated with low power at relatively large nozzle cross-section.
  • the fuel is atomized more evenly through the nozzle due to the low viscosity and in a finer spray and therefore ignites better. Overall, therefore, the fuel consumption is reduced by the heating of the fuel.
  • the device known from the market has the Disadvantage that they are complicated in terms of their construction and difficult to integrate into the oil feed tube. Furthermore is the regulation with a thermocouple and a electronic control and control unit relative consuming, which increases the cost. Finally, the must Heating coil for heating the fuel in many cases has to get pretty hot, so the fuel which is in direct contact with the heating coil is evaporated and a insulating pad of steam between the remaining liquid Fuel and the heating coil forms. By this thermally Insulating padding is the heat transfer between the Heating coil and the fuel is reduced, causing the Heating the fuel requires more energy and the fuel is not heated evenly.
  • Heating device of the type mentioned above is e.g. when Hotplate used. Also with this the temperature of the Hot plate detected by a thermocouple and a separate control and control unit set. Also This is time-consuming and furthermore sluggish in the reaction.
  • a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from EP-A-0 312 204.
  • the present invention therefore has the object, a Heating device of the type mentioned so on Make it easy to build, easy to build Effort for temperature control is reduced, a uniform heating of the substance to be heated is possible and a fast response time in the regulation of Temperature is achieved.
  • the Heating element comprises a support member to which an electric conductive heating layer of a positive PTC material Temperature coefficient of resistance by plasma coating or plasma spraying at least partially on a wall the fuel line is applied.
  • An automatic limitation of using the heater maximum achievable temperature can be determined according to a first Development of the invention be ereicht that a PTC material is used, its temperature-resistance characteristic above a certain temperature in the way of one "Knicks" changed his slope.
  • the slope change so is formed that a certain temperature constant can be held.
  • the local rules and by the properties of the material at least defined temperature "by itself" without one Temperature sensor and a corresponding control and / or Control device is absolutely necessary.
  • the Automatic Abregel can also reliably overheating be excluded.
  • additional components will be the production of the Heating device according to the invention considerably simplified.
  • the electric heater an electronic control and / or regulating device has, with a certain temperature of at least one Range of the heating layer can be adjusted. It can the heating layer itself can be used as a temperature sensor, because their resistance is a measure of the temperature. Of the Resistance of the heating layer can be in the control and Control device evaluated and the corresponding Temperature to be determined.
  • the heating layer is replaced by a thermal Process, in particular by plasma coating, vapor deposition, Plasma spraying, high-speed flame spraying, or similar, applied.
  • a thermal Process in particular by plasma coating, vapor deposition, Plasma spraying, high-speed flame spraying, or similar, applied.
  • Heating layer comprises a ceramic powder. This will become her particularly thermostable and is easy to produce.
  • the heating layer may also comprise a metal powder, which is their Applicability improved on the carrier element.
  • the Carrier element made of an electrically conductive material made and between heating layer and support element an electrically insulating layer is present.
  • an electrically insulating layer is present.
  • metal on metals are electrically conductive. Therefore, must in this case, the heating layer with respect to the carrier element be electrically isolated by a layer. Through this Continuing can therefore be the heater according to the invention be used in conventional metallic support elements.
  • electrically insulating layer On a heating layer of the support member electrically insulating layer can then be dispensed with, if that Carrier element itself from an electrically insulating Material is made.
  • Carrier element itself from an electrically insulating Material.
  • These include in particular many temperature-resistant plastics, as well Ceramic materials and glass.
  • too higher voltages for the electrical power supply of Heating layer used without any electrical insulating layer is required.
  • the heater according to the invention with voltages from about 1.5 volts can be operated. But also tensions up to 220 volts and more are possible.
  • an example of a preferred material for the electrically insulating layers is alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), but also zirconia.
  • at least the insulating layer provided between the heating layer and the carrier element should, while electrically, be a good insulator, but thermally a poor insulator.
  • the material should be temperature stable and join in the thermal expansion of the support element. This is the case with aluminum oxide as well as with zirconium oxide.
  • a development of the heater is characterized from that the thickness of the heating layer over the extension of the Carrier element varies so that the power distribution or the power consumption over the extension of the support element varied. That way, a particular Temperature profile in the two surface directions of Carrier element can be realized without a complex Control or control is required for this.
  • the Variation of the thickness can be stepless, so that too a stepless power distribution is possible.
  • the layer thickness is at least one of the layers in the range of 0.002 to 0.2 mm, preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.1 mm.
  • the mentioned thicknesses form, as for the heating layer, a Resistance, which for the achievement of the necessary Temperatures in the range up to 400 ° C is required.
  • the electrically insulating layers in turn ensure the specified layer thicknesses for a possible low thermal insulating effect.
  • the Heating device preferably for heating a burner to be supplied fuel oil, as a water heater, as Hot plate, for heating the cooling water in motor vehicles, for heating fuel filters for paraffin separation, for Window or mirror heater, for wing deicing at Aircraft, for wall heating of rooms or for heating of Soils (for example as antifreeze) or as Hotplate be used.
  • the inventive Heating device can also be on any free-form surfaces with any geometry and also on uneven and / or rough Surfaces are applied. The application is included inexpensive via robots possible.
  • the support member is a tubular member includes.
  • tubular support member includes this one Fuel line with an inlet and an outlet, wherein dei heating layer at least partially on a wall of the Fuel line is applied.
  • inventive Device is therefore on a heating coil and with her contiguous low contact surface to the fuel completely omitted. Instead, at least one area the wall of the fuel line heated by the heating layer.
  • contact surface between the heated wall of the fuel pipe and fuel itself is considerably larger than the contact area between the fuel and a heating coil, so the temperature the wall itself may be lower, which is the danger of Fuel vapor formation reduced.
  • this one is Advantage the more noticeable, the larger the of the heating layer heated wall surface of the fuel line is. It is therefore best if the places where the poles of the electrical power source connected to the heating layer are as far apart as possible, e.g. on the one hand are arranged at the inlet and on the other hand at the outlet.
  • the fuel line to a End of an injector This has the advantage that the Away from the heated area to the injector relative is short. Possibly. can also inject the injector through a appropriate coating to be heated with, which is the Forming an optimal fuel spray additionally promotes.
  • the fuel line includes at least in the area of the heating layer an annular space, through the fuel is directed. That's how it works actually to be heated fuel volume reduces what on the one hand reduces the heating power to be introduced and On the other hand, the temperature distribution in through the Fuel line improves fuel flow as well as the Control reaction time shortened.
  • the device has at least one on the Fuel line slidable contact ring on which the Heating layer electrically contacted.
  • a contact can e.g. via a cutting edge, which when pushed an optionally present on the heating layer electrical Scribe the insulating layer and dig into the heating layer, so that a secure contact is guaranteed.
  • a device for heating carries Total fuel reference numeral 10. It is partially shown broken and includes a tube 12 which on his left end in the figure has an outlet 13 and is closed by a nozzle piece 14. The nozzle piece 14th is welded in the tube 12. At his right in the figure End, the tube 12 is open, so that an inlet 11 is formed becomes. There may not be one at this open end be provided threaded, with which it is connected to a Fuel supply is connectable. Located in the nozzle piece 14 a central nozzle opening 16 with it towards the outside tapered cross-section through which the fuel in operation exits the tube 12 and produces a fuel spray becomes.
  • a hollow in its interior Displacer 18 available. He relies on his in the figure left end with feet 20 in corresponding Recesses 22 in the nozzle piece 16 from. At his in the figure right end he is by a spacer ring 24 opposite the Inner wall of the tube 12 is supported. In the spacer ring 24 are Breakthroughs distributed throughout the circumference 26, by the Operating the fuel in one between the Displacement body 18 and the tube 12 formed annular space 28th can flow.
  • the tube 12 is a conventional steel tube, as for fuel lines, e.g. Supply lines of heating oil to fuel oil burners, is used.
  • the thickness of the electric insulating layer is about 0.1 mm.
  • a heating layer 32 through Powder plasma applied layers which, however, in the Unlike the insulating layer 30, not the whole Length of the tube 12 extends, but at a distance a before the respective ends of the tube 12 ends.
  • the layer thickness of the heating layer 32 decreases from initially about 0.1 mm to about 0.05 mm.
  • the nickel-chromium alloy is in a base of a powdery Integrated ceramic material.
  • a contact ring 36 and 38 is pushed at its two ends, ie at spaced locations.
  • the two contact rings 36 and 38 are made of an electrically insulating material, such as a plastic.
  • Their the tube 12 facing, so radially inner annular surface is slightly stepped designed to take into account the fact that the outer electrically insulating layer 34 by a distance b and the heating layer 32 by a distance a in front of the respective End of the tube 12 ends.
  • a contact pin 40 and 42 is inserted, which is made of an electrically conductive material and on the one hand, the heating layer 32 contacted and on the other hand via an electrical line 45 and a control unit 46 with a voltage source 44 is connectable.
  • the device 10 works as follows:
  • feed line becomes fuel, e.g. Fuel oil, according to the arrows 48 in the figure of Inlet 11 to the outlet 13 passed through the tube 12.
  • fuel e.g. Fuel oil
  • the tube 12 stands in the region of the longitudinal extent of the Edel Mrs 32 only the annulus 28 between the Displacer 18 and the radially inner Lateral surface of the tube 12 available. It is this Point noted that neither the displacement body 28 nor the heating layer 32 and the insulating layers 30, 34th necessarily over the entire length of the tube 12th must extend. The larger, however, the contact area between heated wall and fuel, so much the better the warming up of the fuel takes place.
  • the fuel flows (arrows 48) on the heated Inner wall of the tube 12 over and is thereby in the course the flow path also heated. Due to the Change in the layer thickness of the heating layer 32 also increases the temperature of the tube 12 from the inlet end 11 to outlet end 13 out, so that for the Heat transfer between pipe 12 and fuel 48 relevant Temperature difference across the flow path of the fuel 48 can be kept substantially constant. On This way can be done over a relatively short flow distance a large thermal energy in the fuel 48 be coupled.
  • the Device 10 persons handling reliably before one Contact protected with live elements.
  • the material and the thickness of the layer for the outer insulating layer 34 are chosen so that they too Thermal insulation causes, whereby the Energy consumption is reduced again. It goes without saying Furthermore, that instead of a DC power source and a AC power source with higher voltage can be used can.
  • the inner electrically insulating layer is; that is, those which electrically heat the heating layer from the tube isolated, slightly withdrawn at this end, so that the Heating layer at this point electrically contacted the tube.
  • the Pipe as one of the two feeders for the electrical Performance to be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Dispositif de chauffage électrique pour des fluides, avec un élément de support tubulaire (12) et un élément chauffant comprenant une résistance électrique (32), qui peut être connecté, à au moins deux emplacements éloignés l'un de l'autre, à une source de puissance électrique (44), qui comprend un matériau PCT (à coefficient de température positive) et une couche chauffante électro-conductrice qui est déposée à l'aide d'un procédé thermique sur une paroi de l'élément de support, moyennant quoi l'élément de support tubulaire (12) sert à véhiculer le fluide, de telle sorte qu'on obtient un chauffe-eau instantané, moyennant quoi l'élément tubulaire comprend un conduit destiné au combustible (12) présentant une admission (11) et une évacuation (13), caractérisé en ce que la couche chauffante (32) électro-conductrice est déposée par projection plasma ou revêtement par projection plasma au moins en partie sur une paroi du conduit destiné au combustible (12).
  2. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un matériau à coefficient de température positive dont la courbe caractéristique de résistance à la température, à une température déterminée, présente une modification de la pente sous la forme d'un « coude ».
  3. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la modification de la pente doit être configurée de telle sorte qu'on puisse maintenir constante une température déterminée.
  4. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente un dispositif de commande et / ou de réglage électronique, grâce auquel on peut régler une température déterminée d'au moins une zone de la couche chauffante.
  5. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche chauffante comprend une poudre de céramique.
  6. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche chauffante comprend une poudre métallique.
  7. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de support (12) est réalisé dans un matériau électro-conducteur et en ce que, entre la couche chauffante (32) et l'élément de support (12) se trouve une couche électro-isolante (30).
  8. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la source de puissance électrique est une source basse tension, et la couche chauffante est reliée par voie électrique à l'élément de support.
  9. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de support est réalisé dans un matériau électro-isolant, en particulier dans une matière plastique résistant à la température.
  10. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, sur le côté opposé à l'élément de support (12) de la couche chauffante (32), se trouve une couche électro-isolante (34).
  11. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les couches isolantes (30, 34) comprennent de l'oxyde d'aluminium AL2O3.
  12. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les couches isolantes (30, 34) sont déposées à l'aide d'un procédé thermique, en particulier la soudure au plasma.
  13. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche chauffante (32) varie sur toute l'étendue de l'élément de support (12), de telle sorte que la répartition de la puissance varie sur toute l'étendue de l'élément de support.
  14. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, lors du fonctionnement, une différence de température constante sur toute l'étendue entre l'élément de support (12) et le matériau chauffant (48) devant être chauffé (48).
  15. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche au moins de l'une des couches (30, 32, 34) se trouve dans la plage comprise entre 0,002 à 0,2 mm, de préférence dans la plage comprise entre 0,005 à 0,1 mm.
  16. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant est utilisé pour chauffer le fuel devant être acheminé depuis un brûleur.
  17. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le conduit destiné au combustible (12) présente une buse d'injection (16) au niveau d'une extrémité.
  18. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 ou 18, caractérisé en ce que le conduit destiné au combustible (12) comprend, au moins dans la zone de la couche chauffante (32), un espace annulaire, qui permet d'acheminer le combustible (48).
  19. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente au moins une bague de contact (36, 68) pouvant être poussée sur le conduit destiné au combustible (12), qui établit un contact électrique avec la couche chauffante (32).
EP01936356A 2000-06-14 2001-05-15 Dispositif de chauffage electrique Expired - Lifetime EP1290916B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10029244 2000-06-14
DE10029244A DE10029244A1 (de) 2000-06-14 2000-06-14 Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
DE20019890U 2000-11-22
DE20019890U DE20019890U1 (de) 2000-06-14 2000-11-22 Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
PCT/EP2001/005470 WO2001097566A1 (fr) 2000-06-14 2001-05-15 Dispositif de chauffage electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1290916A1 EP1290916A1 (fr) 2003-03-12
EP1290916B1 true EP1290916B1 (fr) 2003-12-17

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01936356A Expired - Lifetime EP1290916B1 (fr) 2000-06-14 2001-05-15 Dispositif de chauffage electrique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7158718B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1290916B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE256961T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001262285A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2416831C (fr)
WO (1) WO2001097566A1 (fr)

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US20090145977A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Jan Ihle Injection molded nozzle and injector comprising the injection molded nozzle
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US20090148657A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Jan Ihle Injection Molded PTC-Ceramics
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US20040028396A1 (en) 2004-02-12
AU2001262285A1 (en) 2001-12-24
WO2001097566A1 (fr) 2001-12-20
CA2416831A1 (fr) 2003-02-07
ATE256961T1 (de) 2004-01-15
CA2416831C (fr) 2007-07-24
EP1290916A1 (fr) 2003-03-12
US7158718B2 (en) 2007-01-02

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