EP1416233B1 - Refrigerateur à adsorption avec accumulateur de chaleur - Google Patents

Refrigerateur à adsorption avec accumulateur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1416233B1
EP1416233B1 EP03017429A EP03017429A EP1416233B1 EP 1416233 B1 EP1416233 B1 EP 1416233B1 EP 03017429 A EP03017429 A EP 03017429A EP 03017429 A EP03017429 A EP 03017429A EP 1416233 B1 EP1416233 B1 EP 1416233B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
adsorption
phase
cooling apparatus
medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03017429A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1416233A2 (fr
EP1416233A3 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dr. Maier-Laxhuber
Andreas Becky
Ralf Dr. Schmidt
Reiner Dipl.-Ing. Wörz
Norbert Weinzierl
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Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH
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Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH
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Publication of EP1416233A3 publication Critical patent/EP1416233A3/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/046—Condensers with refrigerant heat exchange tubes positioned inside or around a vessel containing water or pcm to cool the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/003—General constructional features for cooling refrigerating machinery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a periodically operating adsorption cooling apparatus with buffer memory and a method for its operation according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Adsorption chillers are devices in which a solid sorbent sorbs a vaporous working medium with heat release at medium temperature level (adsorption phase).
  • the working fluid evaporates in an evaporator while absorbing heat at a lower temperature level. After the adsorption phase, the working medium can be desorbed again by supplying heat at a high temperature level (desorption phase).
  • desorption phase working fluid evaporates from the sorbent and flows into a condenser. There, the working fluid is reliquefied and then evaporated again in the evaporator.
  • Adsorption refrigerators with solid sorbents are known from EP 0 368 111 and DE-OS 34 25 419.
  • Sorbent container filled with sorbent, while sucking agent vapor, which is produced in an evaporator, and sorb it in the Sorptionsffenhellung under heat release. The heat of sorption must be removed from the sorbent filling.
  • the chillers can be used to cool and keep food warm in thermally insulated containers. Between the evaporator and the sorbent these refrigerators contain a shut-off device. This allows evaporation and sorption of the working fluid at a later date.
  • the adsorption cooling apparatus known from EP 0 368 111 consists of a transportable cooling unit and a stationary charging station which can be separated therefrom.
  • the cooling unit contains a sorption tank filled with a solid sorbent and an evaporator with liquid working fluid. Again, evaporator and sorption are connected to each other via a shut-off steam line. Through a heat exchanger embedded in the evaporator flow liquid media, which are cooled by temperature-controlled opening and closing of the shut-off device to the desired temperature level. After the sorbent is saturated with working fluid, it can be heated in the charging station. The working fluid vapor flowing out is reliquefied in the evaporator. The condensation heat is dissipated by cooling water flowing through the embedded heat exchanger.
  • shut-off serve on the one hand during the desorption phase to decouple the evaporator from the rest of the refrigerator to prevent hot working medium vapor flowing into the cold evaporator and on the other to regulate the refrigeration in the evaporator during the adsorption or move it to a later date. Without shut-off device, the evaporator becomes hot during the desorption phase and thus warm the medium to be cooled in contact therewith.
  • Object of the present invention is to protect in an adsorption refrigerator without shut-off device according to the preamble of claim 1, the medium to be cooled in the desorption against excessive heating.
  • the coupling of the condenser to a buffer storage allows a much faster desorption and, consequently, a higher desorption performance, since the liquefaction heat, e.g. can be derived more effectively due to incipient convection.
  • the desorption phase can thus be significantly shortened compared to the adsorption phase.
  • the medium to be cooled is less exposed to the high liquefaction temperatures.
  • the desorption phase can be reduced to a few minutes, while the adsorption phase can take several hours to several days.
  • the buffer store can dissipate the heat load absorbed with high power slowly and over small heat exchanger surfaces.
  • buffer storages Inexpensive is water, which also allows a high heat transfer performance.
  • the condenser can be integrated directly into a water reservoir. Over the outer surface of the tank, the buffered heat is then removed during the long Adsorptionsphase without additional heat exchanger to the ambient air.
  • the evaporator system Since the evaporator system is raised to the temperature level of liquefaction at each desorption and must be cooled to the low temperature level of evaporation at the beginning of the adsorption by evaporation of part of the working fluid, it makes sense to keep the thermal mass of the evaporator low and the amount set liquid working fluid so that at the end of the adsorption as possible, the entire working fluid is evaporated. Towards the end of the adsorption, the amount of working fluid in the evaporator becomes ever smaller, and consequently the wetting of the heat exchanger surface for absorbing heat from the medium to be cooled becomes increasingly difficult.
  • the evaporator contains wetting agents for this operating state, which distribute the remaining working medium homogeneously over the inner evaporator surface.
  • wetting agents for this operating state, which distribute the remaining working medium homogeneously over the inner evaporator surface.
  • glass fiber webs which are applied as a thin layer on the corresponding evaporator surfaces, have proved suitable.
  • the evaporator is arranged with respect to the medium to be cooled in such a way that it releases relatively little heat during the desorption phase. This is achieved, e.g. in that relatively little medium to be cooled is in contact with the evaporator or is not circulated during the desorption phase.
  • the medium to be cooled is gaseous, e.g. in refrigerators, it is advantageous to place the evaporator under the ceiling of the cabinet. Since warm air is lighter than cold, the cold air mass remains in the lower part of the cabinet while only the air surrounding the evaporator gets warm. The goods stored in the cabinet then remain cold during the relatively short desorption phase. This effect can be further enhanced by cold storage media and / or radiation screens, which are arranged below the evaporator.
  • Zeolite is a crystalline mineral that consists of a regular skeletal structure of silicon and aluminum oxides. This framework structure contains small cavities in which water molecules can be adsorbed by releasing heat. Within the framework structure, the water molecules are exposed to strong field forces, which bind the molecules in the lattice in a liquid-like phase. The strength of the binding forces acting on the water molecules depends on the already pre-adsorbed amount of water and the temperature of the zeolite. For practical use, up to 25 grams of water per 100 grams of zeolite can be sorbed. Zeolites are solids without disturbing thermal expansion in the adsorption or desorption reaction. The framework structure is freely accessible from all sides for the water vapor molecules. The devices are therefore operational in every situation.
  • the use of water as a working fluid makes it possible to reduce the required regulatory effort to a minimum.
  • the water surface cools to 0 ° C and freezes on continued evaporation to ice.
  • the ice layer can be advantageously used to control the temperature of the medium to be cooled. With low heat input the ice layer grows, with very high heat it melts off. The formation of ice reduces the heat transfer from the medium to be cooled into the evaporator, so that the medium can not cool below 0 ° C. With continued evaporation, the entire water supply can freeze in the evaporator. The sublimation temperature of the ice layer then drops below 0 ° C.
  • the aqueous evaporator content may also be added to the freezing point lowering substances, if the temperature of the medium to be cooled should be lowered below 0 ° C.
  • Solid sorbents have low heat conduction and limited heat transfer. Since the heat transfer from the sorbent container to the heat-absorbing ambient air is of the same order of magnitude, heat exchangers without ribs, such as plates, tubes and corrugated metal hoses, are generally recommended. Some solid sorbents, such as zeolites, are stable enough to compensate for external pressures on thin-walled heat exchanger surfaces. Additional stiffeners or thick-walled heat exchanger surfaces are therefore not necessary.
  • Solid sorbents can also be processed into moldings. A single or a few moldings can form a complete, low-cost sorbent filling.
  • desorption end temperatures of 200 to 300 ° C. and adsorption end temperatures of 40 to 80 ° C. are recommended for zeolite / water systems. Since in particular zeolite granules have a low heat conduction, the sorbent containers are to be designed so that the heat conduction path for the amounts of heat converted does not exceed 3 cm.
  • thermoelectric desorption As a heat source for the desorption all known means are suitable, provided that the required temperature level for the desorption reaction is achieved.
  • electrically heated plates or cartridges which are adapted to the geometry of the sorbent container. Heating devices which heat the sorbent charge by means of radiation or induction (eddy currents) are also very suitable.
  • the heating surface When heating the sorbent by means of a flame, the heating surface can also be used as a heat exchanger surface for heat dissipation during the adsorption phase. Thus, one of the usually double-installed heat exchanger surfaces can be saved.
  • the working fluid condenses predominantly in the condenser.
  • the condensate must be directed from there into the evaporator. If the adsorption chiller is simple in design, the condensate must be able to tile back into the evaporator without additional assistance. This is always easy to realize when the condenser and thus also the heat buffer are higher than the evaporator. The condensate can then already during the desorption phase due to gravity tile back. In refrigerators where this is not possible, it may be advantageous if the condensate is stored in the condenser or a collection tank, to then be sucked up into the evaporator at the beginning of the adsorption phase when the vapor pressure in the evaporator drops.
  • the cross section of the working medium vapor line to the sorbent is reduced for this purpose. This can be done, for example, by means of expansion bodies, which reduce the line cross-section to the sorbent as the temperature falls.
  • Particularly inexpensive are bi-metal elements that are installed in the evaporator, narrow the output of the evaporator at decreasing evaporator temperatures.
  • a refrigerator 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a thermally insulated hollow body 2, which closes a door 3 on its front side and which cools food and beverage bottles 11 in the interior and stores them cooled.
  • the medium to be cooled by the evaporator in this application is the air in the interior of the refrigerator.
  • an evaporator 4 is arranged, from which the working fluid evaporates water 5.
  • the evaporator 4 is connected via a working medium vapor line 9 with a sorbent container 12 and via a further connecting line 10 with a condenser 13.
  • the evaporator 4 is coated on its lower inner surface with an absorbent non-woven fabric 6, which distributes the working fluid water homogeneously over the heat-absorbing surface. Outside it contains several cooling fins 7, which absorb heat from the medium to be cooled air. Below the cooling fins 7 is a layer cold storing elements 8 are inserted, which contain water and can also ice.
  • a bi-metal element 23 is arranged, which narrows the outlet opening to the sorbent container at decreasing evaporator temperatures.
  • the condenser 13 provided with heat exchanger fins 15 is located in the lower region of a buffer reservoir 14 which is filled with water 16.
  • the sorbent container 12 consists of two metallic Sorberhüllen 17, which embed an electric heater 18 in the middle.
  • the Sorberhüllen 17 each contain a sorbent filling 19, which is constructed of zeolite molded bodies.
  • a controller 20 controls the operation of the heater 18, depending on the temperature of the refrigerator air and the temperature of the sorbent charge 19.
  • Input variables to the controller 20 are the air temperatures in the refrigerator, which are detected by a temperature sensor 21 and the zeolite temperature, which is a zeolite Temperature sensor 22 is reported.
  • the function of the refrigerator according to the invention can be subdivided into a relatively short desorption phase and a significantly longer adsorption phase.
  • the desorption phase begins with the heating of the sorbent filling 19.
  • the temperature sensor 21 reports to the controller 20, the exceeding of the preselected temperature of the refrigerator air.
  • the electric heater 18 is put into operation until the zeolite temperature sensor 22 detects the reaching of the desorption end temperature.
  • water vapor is expelled from the ever warmer sorbent charge 19, which flows through the working medium vapor line 9, the evaporator 4 and the connecting line 10 into the liquefier 13.
  • the steam is liquefied by heat through the heat exchanger fins 15 to the buffer water 16.
  • the condensate collects in the lower part of the condenser 13.
  • this phase can be kept short according to the invention and the heat losses are low relative to the high heat output, can be dispensed with a thermal insulation of the outer sorbent casing 17.
  • 18 temperatures up to 400 ° C can be measured near the electric heater, while the zeolite temperatures in contact with the outer sorption container shells 17 are only 140 ° C hot.
  • the heat losses to the environment are much lower from this low temperature level.
  • these temperatures occur only at the end of the desorption phase.
  • the heating is turned off.
  • the buffer has its highest temperature at this time. This now decreases continuously during the following adsorption phase, as heat slowly flows out of the container walls to the environment.
  • the buffer memory 30 is above the evaporator 32.
  • the working medium vapor line 34 passes through the buffer memory 30 to the water content 35 to be able to effectively derive the liquefaction heat.
  • the part of the working medium vapor line 34 which can deliver heat to the water content 35, therefore, at the same time has the function of the condenser.
  • the working medium vapor line 34 is arranged inclined, so that the condensate 39 can already flow directly into the evaporator 32 during the desorption phase without additional precautions, following the gravitational force.
  • the sorption container 33 consists in this embodiment of an inner heating cartridge 38 and a sorbent filling 37, which is enclosed by a cylindrical Sorber-shell 36. Again, this does not require thermal insulation, since the heat losses due to the short desorption phase and the large temperature gradient within the Sorptionsstoffyogllung 37 are low.
  • the operation of the cooling apparatus of FIG. 2 is identical to the above-described operation of the apparatus of FIG. 1. The only difference is that the condensate 39 does not remain in the condenser, but can flow into the evaporator 32 during the desorption phase.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Réfrigérateur à adsorption comprenant un récipient de sorbant (12) chauffé par intermittence, qui contient un sorbant (19), qui adsorbe un milieu actif de manière exothermique pendant une phase d'adsorption et le désorbe à nouveau pendant une phase de désorption suivante par un apport de chaleur s'élevant à des températures plus élevées, avec un liquéfacteur (13), qui évacue le milieu actif liquéfié par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite de liaison (10) dans l'évaporateur (4), qui est à nouveau relié au sorbant (19) par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite d'évaporation (9) de milieu actif et, pendant la phase d'adsorption, reçoit la chaleur provenant d'un milieu à refroidir et le liquéfacteur (13) est couplé à un réservoir d'accumulation (14), qui tamponne au moins une partie de la chaleur de liquéfaction de la vapeur de milieu actif et peut à nouveau évacuer dans l'environnement la chaleur également accumulée pendant la phase d'adsorption,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'évaporateur (4) contient des agents mouillants (6), qui réalisent une répartition homogène de du milieu actif liquide à l'intérieur de l'évaporateur.
  2. Réfrigérateur à adsorption selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'évaporateur (4) est disposé de sorte qu'il dégage pendant la phase de désorption relativement moins de chaleur sur le milieu à refroidir.
  3. Réfrigérateur à adsorption selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'évaporateur (4) est disposé dans la zone supérieure du milieu à refroidir et en ce que le milieu se réchauffant pendant la phase de désorption, en raison de sa densité moins élevée, ne se mélange pas au milieu plus froid situé dessous.
  4. Réfrigérateur à adsorption selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément (8) accumulant du froid ou un écran antirayonnement est disposé au-dessous de l'évaporateur (4).
  5. Réfrigérateur à adsorption selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le milieu à refroidir, pendant la phase de désorption, est empêché de permuter avec le milieu déjà refroidi au moyen de dispositifs d'isolation.
  6. Réfrigérateur à adsorption selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la chaleur de désorption amenée pendant la phase de désorption provient d'un brûleur.
  7. Réfrigérateur à adsorption selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le sorbant contient du zéolithe et le milieu actif de l'eau.
  8. Réfrigérateur à adsorption selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le condensat dans un réservoir de condensat est collecté à un niveau plus bas et aspiré au début de la phase d'adsorption au niveau situé plus haut de l'évaporateur (4).
  9. Réfrigérateur à adsorption selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la conduite d'évaporation (9) de milieu actif contient un élément de régulation qui rétrécit la section d'écoulement lorsque les températures d'évaporateur sont trop basses.
  10. Réfrigérateur à adsorption selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément de régulation contient un élément bimétallique (23).
  11. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un réfrigérateur à adsorption selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la phase de désorption mesure au moins un tiers de la durée de la phase d'adsorption, caractérisé en ce qu'un gradient de température supérieur à 100 K est créé entre la surface recevant la chaleur et la surface évacuant la chaleur, pendant la phase de désorption, provoquée par une puissance calorifique élevée, à l'intérieur du sorbant.
EP03017429A 2002-10-29 2003-08-01 Refrigerateur à adsorption avec accumulateur de chaleur Expired - Lifetime EP1416233B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10250510 2002-10-29
DE10250510A DE10250510A1 (de) 2002-10-29 2002-10-29 Adsorptions-Kühlapparat mit Pufferspeicher

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1416233A2 EP1416233A2 (fr) 2004-05-06
EP1416233A3 EP1416233A3 (fr) 2005-09-21
EP1416233B1 true EP1416233B1 (fr) 2007-04-25

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EP03017429A Expired - Lifetime EP1416233B1 (fr) 2002-10-29 2003-08-01 Refrigerateur à adsorption avec accumulateur de chaleur

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Country Link
US (1) US6820441B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1416233B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004150792A (fr)
AT (1) ATE360787T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10250510A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2283688T3 (fr)

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EP0577869B1 (fr) * 1992-07-06 1997-01-08 ZEO-TECH Zeolith Technologie GmbH Système frigorifique avec un conduit collecteur étanche travaillant sous vide pour la vapeur du fluide de travail
US5272891A (en) * 1992-10-21 1993-12-28 Erickson Donald C Intermittent sorption cycle with integral thermosyphon
DE4243817A1 (de) * 1992-12-23 1994-06-30 Zeolith Tech Adapter für ein Sorptionssystem und Verfahren zur Verwendung dieses Adapters
DE4243816A1 (de) * 1992-12-23 1994-06-30 Zeolith Tech Sorptionsmittel-Patrone
DE69432431T2 (de) * 1993-11-29 2004-01-29 Maekawa Seisakusho Kk Adsorbtionskältevorrichtung und Verfahren zur Regelung der Kälteleistung derselben.
MX9701840A (es) * 1994-09-12 1997-06-28 Electrolux Leisure Appliances Unidad de refrigeracion de absorcion.
WO1996011368A1 (fr) * 1994-10-06 1996-04-18 Electrolux Leisure Appliances Ab Dispositif de refroidissement comportant une unite frigorifique a fonctionnement intermittent
FR2774460B1 (fr) * 1998-02-03 2000-03-24 Elf Aquitaine Procede de gestion d'une reaction thermochimique ou d'une adsorption solide-gaz
DE19922848A1 (de) * 1999-05-19 2000-11-23 Zeolith Tech Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kühlen einer Flüssigkeit in einem Behälter
DE10016352A1 (de) * 2000-04-03 2001-10-04 Zeolith Tech Sorptionskühler
DE10028030A1 (de) * 2000-06-09 2001-12-13 Zeolith Tech Sorptionsvorrichtung zum Heizen und Kühlen von Gasströmen
US6601404B1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2003-08-05 Nanopore, Inc. Cooling device

Also Published As

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EP1416233A2 (fr) 2004-05-06
DE10250510A1 (de) 2004-05-19
US20040079106A1 (en) 2004-04-29
DE50307123D1 (de) 2007-06-06
EP1416233A3 (fr) 2005-09-21
JP2004150792A (ja) 2004-05-27
ES2283688T3 (es) 2007-11-01
US6820441B2 (en) 2004-11-23
ATE360787T1 (de) 2007-05-15

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