EP1416233A2 - Refrigerateur à adsorption avec accumulateur de chaleur - Google Patents

Refrigerateur à adsorption avec accumulateur de chaleur Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP1416233A2
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: adsorption; heat; evaporator; phase; during
Prior art date: 2002-10-29
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP03017429A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Other versions

EP1416233A3 (fr

EP1416233B1 (fr

Inventor

Peter Dr. Maier-Laxhuber

Andreas Becky

Ralf Dr. Schmidt

Reiner Dipl.-Ing. Wörz

Norbert Weinzierl

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH

Original Assignee

Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2002-10-29

Filing date

2003-08-01

Publication date

2004-05-06

2003-08-01 Application filed by Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH filed Critical Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH

2004-05-06 Publication of EP1416233A2 publication Critical patent/EP1416233A2/fr

2005-09-21 Publication of EP1416233A3 publication Critical patent/EP1416233A3/fr

2007-04-25 Application granted granted Critical

2007-04-25 Publication of EP1416233B1 publication Critical patent/EP1416233B1/fr

2023-08-01 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
- F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/046—Condensers with refrigerant heat exchange tubes positioned inside or around a vessel containing water or pcm to cool the refrigerant gas
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D23/00—General constructional features
- F25D23/003—General constructional features for cooling refrigerating machinery
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
- F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature

Definitions

the invention relates to a periodically operating adsorption refrigerator with buffer memory and a method for its operation according to the preamble of Claim 1.
Adsorption refrigerators are devices in which a solid sorbent is present vaporous working fluid with heat release at medium temperature level sorbed (adsorption phase).
the working fluid evaporates in an evaporator with heat absorption at a lower temperature level. After the adsorption phase the working fluid can be heated at a high temperature be desorbed again (desorption phase).
Working equipment evaporates the sorbent and flows into a condenser. There is the work equipment liquefied back and then evaporated again in the evaporator.
Adsorption cooling apparatus with solid sorbents are from EP 0 368 111 and DE-OS 34 25 419 known.
Sorbent container filled with sorbent suck working steam, which is generated in an evaporator, and sorb it in the sorbent filling, releasing heat.
the Sorption heat must be removed from the sorbent filling.
the Chillers can be used to cool and keep food warm in thermal insulated containers are used. Between the evaporator and the sorbent these cooling devices contain a shut-off device. This allows one Evaporation and sorption of the working fluid at a later point in time.
the adsorption cooling apparatus known from EP 0 368 111 consists of a transportable cooling unit and a separable, stationary charging station.
the cooling unit contains a sorption container filled with a solid sorbent and an evaporator with liquid working fluid.
evaporators and sorption containers together via a lockable steam line connected.
Liquid heat flows through a heat exchanger embedded in the evaporator Media caused by temperature-controlled opening and closing of the shut-off device be cooled to the desired temperature level. After that Sorbent is saturated with working fluid, it can be heated in the charging station become.
the working fluid vapor flowing out is reliquefied in the evaporator.
the heat of condensation is due to cooling water that is embedded by the Heat exchanger flows, discharged.
shut-off devices serve on the one hand during the desorption phase uncouple the evaporator from the rest of the refrigerator to allow it to flow in to prevent hot working steam in the cold evaporator and on the other hand, during the adsorption phase the refrigeration in the evaporator to regulate or postpone it to a later date. Without shut-off device will always be the evaporator during the desorption phase hot and therefore the medium to be cooled which is in contact with it is warm.
the object of the present invention is in an adsorption refrigerator without shut-off device according to the preamble of claim 1 that to be cooled Protect medium in the desorption phase against inadmissible heating.
the coupling of the condenser to a buffer storage allows a significantly faster desorption and, consequently, a higher desorption performance, since the heat of condensation can be dissipated more effectively, for example due to the onset of convection.
the desorption phase can thus be significantly shortened compared to the adsorption phase.
the medium to be cooled is less exposed to the high liquefaction temperatures.
the desorption phase can be reduced to a few minutes, while the adsorption phase can last from several hours to several days. During this long adsorption phase, the buffer storage can slowly dissipate the heat load consumed at high power and via small heat exchanger surfaces.
the evaporator is particularly advantageous in relation to what is to be cooled Medium is arranged so that it is relatively little during the desorption phase Emits heat. This is achieved e.g. in that there is relatively little to cool Medium is in contact with the evaporator or during the desorption phase is not circulated.
the medium to be cooled is gaseous, e.g. in Refrigerators, it is advantageous to place the evaporator under the ceiling of the cabinet to place. Since warm air is lighter than cold air, the cold air mass remains in the lower area of the cabinet while only the amount of air surrounding the evaporator gets warm. The goods stored in the closet then remain relative during the short desorption phase cold. This effect can also be caused by cold storing media and / or radiation shields are amplified below of the evaporator are arranged.
Zeolite is a crystalline mineral that consists of a regular framework structure made of silicon and aluminum oxides. This scaffold structure contains small cavities in which water molecules can be adsorbed with the release of heat. Within the framework structure, the water molecules are exposed to strong field forces, which bind the molecules in the lattice in a liquid-like phase. The strength of the binding forces acting on the water molecules depends on the amount of water already pre-adsorbed and the temperature of the zeolite. For practical use, up to 25 grams of water can be sorbed per 100 grams of zeolite. Zeolites are solid substances without annoying thermal expansion during the adsorption or desorption reaction.
the framework structure is freely accessible to the water vapor molecules from all sides.
the devices can therefore be used in any position.
the use of water as a means of working allows the necessary regulatory effort to be reduced to a minimum.
the ice layer can advantageously be used to regulate the temperature of the medium to be cooled.
the layer of ice grows when the heat is low, and melts when the heat is very high.
the formation of ice reduces the heat transfer from the medium to be cooled to the evaporator, so that the medium cannot cool below 0 ° C. If evaporation continues, the entire water supply in the evaporator can freeze up.
the sublimation temperature of the ice layer then drops below 0 ° C.
Substances that lower the freezing point can also be mixed with the aqueous evaporator content if the temperature of the medium to be cooled is to be reduced below 0 ° C.
Solid sorbents have low heat conduction and limited heat transfer. Since the heat transfer from the sorbent container to the heat-absorbing ambient air is of the same order of magnitude, heat exchangers without fins, such as plates, pipes and corrugated metal hoses, are generally recommended. Some solid sorbents, such as zeolites, are stable enough to compensate for external overpressures on thin-walled heat exchanger surfaces. Additional stiffeners or thick-walled heat exchanger surfaces are therefore not necessary. Solid sorbents can also be processed into moldings. A single or a few molded articles can form a complete, inexpensive sorbent filling.
desorption end temperatures are in zeolite / water systems from 200 to 300 ° C and final adsorption temperatures from 40 to 80 ° C recommended. Because zeolite granules in particular are low Have heat conduction, the sorbent container must be designed so that the Heat conduction path for the amount of heat converted does not exceed 3 cm.
All known devices are used as heat sources for the desorption phase suitable, provided the required temperature level for the desorption reaction is achieved with it.
Electrically heated plates or cartridges are advantageous, which are adapted to the geometry of the sorbent container.
Well suited are also heating devices that use radiation or induction (eddy currents) heat the sorbent filling.
the heating surface can also be used as a heat exchanger surface for heat emission be used during the adsorption phase. So one of the most common double installed heat exchanger surfaces can be saved.
the geometry of the sorbent container can also be advantageous to match the heat output during the sorption phase.
the heat emission to the ambient air is large, streamlined heat exchanger surfaces to prefer.
the evaporator depends on the system for each desorption to the temperature level the liquefaction is raised and at the beginning of the adsorption phase Evaporation of part of the working fluid back to the low temperature level the evaporation has to be cooled, it makes sense the thermal mass of the Keeping the evaporator low and adjusting the amount of liquid working fluid so that at the end of the adsorption phase, as much of the working fluid as possible evaporates is. At the end of the adsorption, the amount of working fluid in the evaporator always smaller and consequently the wetting of the heat exchanger surface for heat absorption increasingly difficult from the medium to be cooled.
the evaporator contains wetting agents that contain the rest Distribute the working fluid homogeneously over the inner evaporator surface.
wetting agents that contain the rest Distribute the working fluid homogeneously over the inner evaporator surface.
proven Glass fiber nonwovens have been used for this purpose, which form a thin layer on the corresponding Evaporator surfaces are applied.
a refrigerator 1 shown in Fig. 1 consists of a thermally insulated hollow body 2, which closes a door 3 on the front and which cools and stores food and beverage bottles 11 in the interior.
the medium to be cooled by the evaporator is the air in the interior of the refrigerator.
An evaporator 4, from which the working medium evaporates water 5, is arranged under the ceiling of the refrigerator 1.
the evaporator 4 is connected to a sorbent container 12 via a working medium steam line 9 and to a condenser 13 via a further connecting line 10.
the evaporator 4 is coated on its lower inner surface with an absorbent nonwoven fabric 6, which distributes the working medium water homogeneously over the heat-absorbing surface.
the condenser 13 provided with heat exchanger fins 15 is located in the lower region of a buffer store 14 which is filled with water 16.
the sorbent container 12 consists of two metallic sorber shells 17 which embed an electric heater 18 in the middle.
the sorber casings 17 each contain a sorbent filling 19, which is constructed from molded zeolite bodies.
a controller 20 controls the operation of the heater 18, depending on the temperature of the refrigerator air and the temperature of the sorbent fill 19.
Input variables in the controller 20 are the air temperatures in the refrigerator, which are detected by a temperature sensor 21, and the zeolite temperature, which is determined by a zeolite Temperature sensor 22 is reported.
the function of the refrigerator according to the invention can be relatively Subdivide the short desorption phase and a significantly longer adsorption phase.
the desorption phase begins with the heating of the sorbent filling 19.
the temperature sensor 21 reports to the controller 20 that the preselected temperature of the refrigerator air has been exceeded.
the electrical heater 18 is then put into operation until the zeolite temperature sensor 22 detects that the desorption end temperature has been reached.
water vapor is expelled from the increasingly warm sorbent filling 19, which flows through the working medium steam line 9, the evaporator 4 and the connecting line 10 into the condenser 13.
the steam is liquefied by giving off heat via the heat exchanger fins 15 to the buffer water 16.
the condensate collects in the lower region of the condenser 13.
the air masses around the evaporator 4 also heat up. Since this amount of air is lighter than the cold air in the lower refrigerator area, there is no mixing.
the cold-storing elements 8 prevent the beverage bottles 11 from being noticeably heated in the refrigerator (for example by heat radiation).
the sorption container shells 17 in contact with the ambient air also emit heat during the desorption phase. However, since this phase can be kept short according to the invention and the heat losses are low relative to the high heating output, thermal insulation of the outer sorption container casings 17 can be dispensed with. In addition, a relatively strong temperature gradient forms within the sorbent filling 19.
temperatures of up to 400 ° C. can be measured near the electric heater 18, while the zeolite temperatures in contact with the external sorption container shells 17 only reach 140 ° C.
the heat losses to the environment are significantly lower from this low temperature level.
these temperatures only occur at the end of the desorption phase.
the heating is switched off when the desorption end temperature is reached.
the buffer tank is at its highest temperature at this point. This now drops continuously during the following adsorption phase, since heat slowly flows to the surroundings via the container walls. Heat also continues to flow away to the ambient air flowing past via the non-thermally insulated sorption container casings 17. As a result, the temperature of the sorbent filling 19 drops and working fluid vapor flows back into the sorbent container 12.
the vapor pressure in the evaporator 4 then decreases until the condensate is sucked up from the condenser. Immediately the entire amount of liquid working fluid is in the evaporator 4. If the sorbent filling 19 continues to cool, this mass of water will also evaporate in the evaporator while absorbing the heat of vaporization in the course of the adsorption phase. At evaporation temperatures below freezing, the remaining amount of water will gradually ice up. The bi-metal element 23, which narrows the inflow opening into the working fluid steam line 9, prevents possible cooling far below the freezing point. The end of the adsorption phase is reached when the controller 20 registers an excessively high air temperature in the refrigerator. By heating the sorbent filling 19, the desorption phase then begins again.
the buffer store 30 is located above the evaporator 32.
the working medium steam line 34 runs from the sorbent container 33 through the buffer store 30 in order to be able to effectively dissipate the heat of liquefaction from its water content 35.
the part of the working medium steam line 34 which can emit heat to the water content 35 consequently also has the function of the condenser.
the working medium steam line 34 is arranged at an incline, so that the condensate 39 can flow directly into the evaporator 32 during the desorption phase without additional precautions, following gravity.
the sorption container 33 consists of an internal heating cartridge 38 and a sorbent filling 37, which is enclosed by a cylindrical sorber sleeve 36. This also does not require thermal insulation since the heat losses due to the short desorption phase and the large temperature gradient within the sorbent filling 37 are low.
the operating mode of the cooling apparatus according to FIG. 2 is identical to the operating mode of the apparatus according to FIG. 1 described above. The only difference is that the condensate 39 does not remain in the condenser, but can already flow into the evaporator 32 during the desorption phase.

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Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Thermal Sciences (AREA)
General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

EP03017429A 2002-10-29 2003-08-01 Refrigerateur à adsorption avec accumulateur de chaleur Expired - Lifetime EP1416233B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DE10250510		2002-10-29
DE10250510A DE10250510A1 (de)	2002-10-29	2002-10-29	Adsorptions-Kühlapparat mit Pufferspeicher

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP1416233A2 true EP1416233A2 (fr)	2004-05-06
EP1416233A3 EP1416233A3 (fr)	2005-09-21
EP1416233B1 EP1416233B1 (fr)	2007-04-25

Family

ID=32087289

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP03017429A Expired - Lifetime EP1416233B1 (fr)	2002-10-29	2003-08-01	Refrigerateur à adsorption avec accumulateur de chaleur

Country Status (6)

Country	Link
US (1)	US6820441B2 (fr)
EP (1)	EP1416233B1 (fr)
JP (1)	JP2004150792A (fr)
AT (1)	ATE360787T1 (fr)
DE (2)	DE10250510A1 (fr)
ES (1)	ES2283688T3 (fr)

Cited By (6)

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Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
WO2008015608A3 (fr) *	2006-08-04	2008-04-10	Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv	Appareil ménager de distribution de boisson comprenant un dispositif de refroidissement adsorbant
EP2728281A4 (fr) *	2011-06-28	2015-03-25	Fujitsu Ltd	Pompe à chaleur à adsorption utilisant un clapet à membrane, et système de traitement des données
WO2018029522A1 (fr) *	2016-08-09	2018-02-15	Rep Ip Ag	Récipient de transport
EP3351873A1 (fr)	2017-01-20	2018-07-25	Coolar UG (beschränkte Haftung)	Dispositif de refroidissement à sorption
EP3686517A1 (fr) *	2016-08-09	2020-07-29	Rep Ip Ag	Récipient de transport
US12366401B2 (en)	2019-02-07	2025-07-22	Rep Ip Ag	Transport container

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US9657982B2 (en)	2013-03-29	2017-05-23	Tokitae Llc	Temperature-controlled medicinal storage devices
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US11105556B2 (en)	2013-03-29	2021-08-31	Tokitae, LLC	Temperature-controlled portable cooling units
EP2979044B1 (fr) *	2013-03-29	2020-10-07	Tokitae LLC	Systèmes de stockage commandés en température
DE102014225411A1 (de) *	2014-12-10	2016-06-16	Mahle International Gmbh	Sorptionsmodul
KR102848671B1 (ko) *	2019-05-31	2025-08-22	고비 테크놀로지스 인크.	열 조절 시스템
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2002
- 2002-10-29 DE DE10250510A patent/DE10250510A1/de not_active Withdrawn
2003
- 2003-08-01 DE DE50307123T patent/DE50307123D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-01 ES ES03017429T patent/ES2283688T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-01 EP EP03017429A patent/EP1416233B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-01 AT AT03017429T patent/ATE360787T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-08 US US10/657,668 patent/US6820441B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-28 JP JP2003367706A patent/JP2004150792A/ja active Pending

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
WO2008015608A3 (fr) *	2006-08-04	2008-04-10	Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv	Appareil ménager de distribution de boisson comprenant un dispositif de refroidissement adsorbant
EP2728281A4 (fr) *	2011-06-28	2015-03-25	Fujitsu Ltd	Pompe à chaleur à adsorption utilisant un clapet à membrane, et système de traitement des données
US9212837B2 (en)	2011-06-28	2015-12-15	Fujitsu Limited	Adsorption-type heat pump using seat valve and information processing system
WO2018029522A1 (fr) *	2016-08-09	2018-02-15	Rep Ip Ag	Récipient de transport
EP3686517A1 (fr) *	2016-08-09	2020-07-29	Rep Ip Ag	Récipient de transport
US11187450B2 (en)	2016-08-09	2021-11-30	Rep Ip Ag	Transport container
US11614267B2 (en)	2016-08-09	2023-03-28	Rep Ip Ag	Transport container
US11920832B2 (en)	2016-08-09	2024-03-05	Rep Ip Ag	Transport container
EP3351873A1 (fr)	2017-01-20	2018-07-25	Coolar UG (beschränkte Haftung)	Dispositif de refroidissement à sorption
DE102017101058A1 (de)	2017-01-20	2018-07-26	Coolar UG (haftungsbeschränkt)	Sorptionskältevorrichtung
US10704811B2 (en)	2017-01-20	2020-07-07	Coolar UG	Sorption cooling device
US12366401B2 (en)	2019-02-07	2025-07-22	Rep Ip Ag	Transport container

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DE10250510A1 (de)	2004-05-19
US20040079106A1 (en)	2004-04-29
DE50307123D1 (de)	2007-06-06
EP1416233A3 (fr)	2005-09-21
EP1416233B1 (fr)	2007-04-25
JP2004150792A (ja)	2004-05-27
ES2283688T3 (es)	2007-11-01
US6820441B2 (en)	2004-11-23
ATE360787T1 (de)	2007-05-15

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