ES2587982T3 - Radioterapia con partículas cargadas - Google Patents

Radioterapia con partículas cargadas Download PDF

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ES2587982T3
ES2587982T3 ES11177607.6T ES11177607T ES2587982T3 ES 2587982 T3 ES2587982 T3 ES 2587982T3 ES 11177607 T ES11177607 T ES 11177607T ES 2587982 T3 ES2587982 T3 ES 2587982T3
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patient
accelerator
gantry
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Kenneth Gall
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Mevion Medical Systems Inc
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Mevion Medical Systems Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1077—Beam delivery systems
    • A61N5/1081—Rotating beam systems with a specific mechanical construction, e.g. gantries
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
    • H05H13/02—Synchrocyclotrons, i.e. frequency modulated cyclotrons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
    • H05H13/04—Synchrotrons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
    • A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
    • H05H2007/043—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof for beam focusing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Abstract

Un aparato que comprende: un soporte del paciente (170); un acelerador (10, 502); y un pórtico (504) sobre el que está montado el acelerador (10, 502) para permitir que el acelerador (10, 502) se mueva a través de un intervalo de posiciones alrededor de un paciente sobre el soporte del paciente (170), estando el pórtico (504) soportado sobre dos lados del soporte del paciente (170) para la rotación (a) alrededor de un eje de rotación del pórtico horizontal que contiene un isocentro en un paciente sobre el soporte del paciente (170) y (b) a través de un intervalo de posiciones que es al menos de hasta 180 grados y más pequeño de 360 grados; en el que el pórtico (504) comprende dos brazos (508, 510) que se extienden desde el eje de rotación del pórtico horizontal y un armazón (516) entre los dos brazos (508, 510) sobre el que está montado el acelerador (10, 502), en el que el armazón es paralelo al eje de rotación del horizontal del pórtico, siendo el soporte del paciente giratorio alrededor de un eje del soporte del paciente vertical que contiene el isocentro; comprendiendo el acelerador (10, 502) un sincrociclotrón configurado para producir un haz de protones o de iones que tiene un nivel de energía de al menos 150 MeV para alcanzar cualquier diana arbitraria en el paciente directamente de posiciones dentro del intervalo, teniendo el sincrociclotrón bobinados superconductores.

Description

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Los campos magnéticos de dispersión que salen del ciclotrón están limitados por tanto el yugo de imán del casquete (que también sirve de protección) como una protección magnética separada 114. La protección magnética separada incluye una capa 117 de material ferromagnético (por ejemplo, acero o hierro) que encierra el yugo de casquete, separado por un espacio 116. Esta configuración que incluye un emparedado de un yugo, un espacio y una protección logra protección adecuada para un campo magnético de fuga dada a menor peso.
Como se ha mencionado, el pórtico permite que el sincrociclotrón gire alrededor del eje de rotación horizontal 532. La estructura de armazón 516 tiene dos tramos generalmente paralelos 580, 582. El sincrociclotrón se sostiene entre los tramos aproximadamente a mitad de camino entre las patas. El pórtico se equilibra para el giro alrededor de los rodamientos usando contrapesos 122, 124 montados sobre los extremos de las patas opuestas al armazón.
El pórtico es accionado para girar por un motor eléctrico montado en una de las patas del pórtico y está conectado a la carcasa de los rodamientos por engranajes de accionamiento y correas o cadenas. La posición de giro del pórtico se deriva de señales proporcionadas por codificadores del ángulo de rotación incorporados dentro de los motores de accionamiento del pórtico y los engranajes de accionamiento.
En la localización en la que el haz de iones sale del ciclotrón, el sistema de formación de haces 125 actúa sobre el haz de iones para darle propiedades adecuadas para el tratamiento del paciente. Por ejemplo, el haz puede difundirse y variarse su profundidad de penetración para proporcionar radiación uniforme a través de un volumen diana dado. El sistema de formación de haces puede incluir elementos de dispersión pasivos, además de elementos de barrido activos.
Todos los sistemas activos del sincrociclotrón (las bobinas superconductoras accionadas por corriente, las placas accionadas por RF, las bombas de vacío para la cámara de aceleración a vacío y para la cámara de refrigeración de las bobinas superconductoras, la fuente de iones accionada por corriente, la fuente de gas hidrógeno y los refrigeradores de placas de RF, por ejemplo), están controlados por electrónica de control del sincrociclotrón apropiada (no mostrada).
El control del pórtico, el soporte del paciente, los elementos de moldeo del haz activos y el sincrociclotrón para realizar una sesión de terapia se logran por electrónica de control de terapia apropiada (no mostrada).
Como se muestra en las Figuras 1, 11 y 12, los rodamientos del pórtico están soportados por las paredes de una cámara acorazada de ciclotrón 524. El pórtico permite que el ciclotrón oscile a través de un intervalo 520 de 180 grados (o más), que incluye posiciones por encima, al lado y por debajo del paciente. La cámara acorazada es lo suficientemente alta para mantener despejado el pórtico en los extremos superior e inferior de su movimiento. Un laberinto 146 rodeado por paredes 148, 150 proporciona una vía de entrada y salida para terapeutas y pacientes. Debido a que al menos una pared 152 nunca está en línea con el haz de protones directamente del ciclotrón, puede hacerse relativamente delgada y todavía realizar su función protectora. Las otras tres paredes laterales 154, 156, 150/148 de la sala, que pueden necesitar estar mucho más protegidas, pueden estar enterradas dentro de una montaña de arcilla (no mostrada). El espesor requerido de las paredes 154, 156 y 158 puede reducirse, debido a que la tierra puede ella misma proporcionar algo de la protección necesaria.
Por motivos de seguridad y estéticos, una sala de terapia 160 se construye dentro de la cámara acorazada. La sala de terapia arranca en voladizo desde las paredes 154, 156, 150 y la base 162 de la sala contenedora dentro del espacio entre las patas del pórtico de un modo que despeje el pórtico oscilante y también maximice el grado del espacio del suelo 164 de la sala de terapia. La puesta en servicio periódica del acelerador puede llevarse a cabo en el espacio por debajo del suelo elevado. Cuando el acelerador gira a la posición inferior sobre el pórtico, es posible el acceso completo al acelerador en un espacio separado del área de tratamiento. Los suministros de potencia, equipo de refrigeración, bombas de vacío y otro equipo de soporte pueden localizarse debajo del suelo elevado en este espacio separado.
Dentro de la sala de tratamiento, el soporte del paciente 170 puede montarse en una variedad de formas que permiten que el soporte sea subido y bajado y el paciente gire y se mueva a una variedad de posiciones y orientaciones.
Información adicional referente al diseño del acelerador puede encontrarse en la patente de EE.UU. N.º 7.656.258, titulada MAGNET STRUCTURE FOR PARTICLE ACCELERATION (T. Antaya, et al.), presentada el 9 de agosto de 2006.
Un aspecto de la invención proporciona un aparato que comprende un soporte del paciente, y un pórtico sobre el que está montado un acelerador para permitir que el acelerador se mueva a través de un intervalo de posiciones alrededor de un paciente sobre el soporte del paciente, estando el acelerador configurado para producir un haz de protones o de iones que tiene un nivel de energía suficiente para alcanzar una diana arbitraria en el paciente de posiciones dentro del intervalo, pasando el haz de protones o de iones esencialmente directamente de la carcasa del acelerador al paciente.
En una realización, el pórtico está soportado para rotación en los dos lados del soporte del paciente.
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En una realización, el pórtico está soportado para rotación sobre rodamientos en los dos lados del soporte del
paciente. En una realización, el pórtico comprende dos brazos que se extienden desde un eje de rotación del pórtico y un armazón entre los dos brazos sobre el que está montado el acelerador.
En una realización, el pórtico está limitado a girar dentro de un intervalo de posiciones que es más pequeño de 360 grados. En una realización, el intervalo es al menos de hasta 180 grados.
En una realización, el intervalo es de aproximadamente 180 grados a aproximadamente 330 grados. En una realización, el aparato también incluye paredes radio-protectoras al menos una de las cuales no está en línea con el haz de protones o de iones del acelerador en ninguna de las posiciones dentro del intervalo, estando una pared construida para proporcionar la misma radio-protección que las otras paredes con menos masa.
En una realización, el soporte del paciente está montado sobre un área de soporte del paciente que es accesible a través de un espacio definido por un intervalo de posiciones al que está limitada la rotación del pórtico.
En una realización, el soporte del paciente es móvil con respecto al pórtico. En una realización, el soporte del paciente está configurado para rotación alrededor de un eje de rotación del paciente.
En una realización, el eje de rotación del paciente es vertical.
En una realización, el eje de rotación del paciente contiene un isocentro en un paciente sobre el soporte del paciente. En una realización, el pórtico del paciente está configurado para rotación del acelerador alrededor de un eje de
rotación del pórtico. En una realización, el eje de rotación del pórtico es horizontal. En una realización, el eje de rotación contiene un isocentro en un paciente sobre el soporte del paciente. En una realización, el acelerador pesa menos de 40 toneladas. En una realización, el acelerador pesa en un intervalo de 5 a 30 toneladas. En una realización, el acelerador ocupa un volumen inferior a 4,5 metros cúbicos. En una realización, el volumen está en el intervalo de 0,7 a 4,5 metros cúbicos. En una realización, el acelerador produce un haz de protones o de iones que tiene un nivel de energía de al menos
150 MeV. En una realización, el nivel de energía está en el intervalo de 150 a 300 MeV. En una realización, el acelerador comprende un sincrociclotrón. En una realización, el acelerador comprende una estructura de imán que tiene la intensidad de campo de al menos 6
Tesla. En una realización, la intensidad de campo está en el intervalo de 6 a 20 Tesla. En una realización, la estructura de imán comprende bobinados superconductores. En una realización, el haz de protones o de iones pasa directamente del acelerador al área general de la postura del
paciente.
En una realización, el aparato también incluye una cámara protectora que contiene el soporte del paciente, el pórtico y el acelerador, siendo al menos una pared de la cámara más delgada que las otras paredes de la cámara. En una realización, al menos una porción de la cámara está incorporada dentro de la tierra. Un aspecto de la invención proporciona un aparato que comprende un soporte del paciente, y un pórtico sobre el
que está montado un acelerador, estando el pórtico soportado en dos lados del soporte del paciente para rotación
(a) alrededor de un eje de pórtico horizontal que contiene un isocentro en el paciente y (b) a través de un intervalo de posiciones que es más pequeño de 360 grados, siendo el soporte del paciente giratorio alrededor de un eje vertical
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del soporte del paciente que contiene el isocentro, comprendiendo el acelerador un sincrociclotrón configurado para producir un haz de protones o de iones que tiene un nivel de energía de al menos 150 MeV para alcanzar cualquier diana arbitraria en el paciente directamente de posiciones dentro del intervalo, teniendo el sincrociclotrón bobinados superconductores.
Un aspecto de la invención proporciona un método que comprende soportar un paciente dentro de un espacio de tratamiento, haciendo que un haz de protones o iones pase en una dirección en línea recta de una salida de un acelerador a cualquier diana arbitraria dentro del paciente, y haciendo que la dirección en línea recta varíe a través de un intervalo de direcciones alrededor del paciente.
Un aspecto de la invención proporciona un aparato que comprende un acelerador configurado para producir un haz de partículas y para montarse sobre un pórtico que permite al acelerador moverse a través de cualquier intervalo de posiciones alrededor de un paciente sobre un soporte del paciente, estando el acelerador configurado para producir un haz de partículas que tiene un nivel de energía suficiente para alcanzar cualquier diana arbitraria en el paciente de posiciones dentro del intervalo.
Un aspecto de la invención proporciona un aparato que comprende un pórtico configurado para soportar un acelerador y para permitir que el acelerador se mueva a través de un intervalo de posiciones alrededor de un paciente sobre un soporte del paciente, estando el acelerador configurado para producir un haz de protones o de iones que tiene un nivel de energía suficiente para alcanzar cualquier diana arbitraria en el paciente de posiciones dentro del intervalo.
Un aspecto de la invención proporciona una estructura que comprende un soporte del paciente, un pórtico sobre el que está montado un acelerador para permitir que el acelerador se mueva a través de un intervalo de posiciones alrededor de un paciente sobre el soporte del paciente, estando el acelerador configurado para producir un haz de protones o de iones que tiene un nivel de energía suficiente para alcanzar cualquier diana arbitraria en el paciente de posiciones dentro del intervalo, y un cierre cercado que contiene el soporte del paciente, el pórtico y el acelerador.
Un aspecto de la invención proporciona un aparato que comprende un acelerador configurado para producir un haz de protones o de iones que tiene un nivel de energía suficiente para alcanzar cualquier diana arbitraria en un paciente, siendo el acelerador suficientemente pequeño y de peso ligero para ser montado sobre un pórtico giratorio en una orientación para permitir que el haz de protones o de iones pase esencialmente directamente del acelerador al paciente.
Un aspecto de la invención proporciona un aparato que comprende un sincrociclotrón médico que tiene una estructura electromagnética superconductora que genera la intensidad de campo de al menos 6 Tesla, produce un haz de partículas que tiene un nivel de energía de al menos 150 MeV, tiene un volumen no superior a 4,5 metros cúbicos, y tiene un peso inferior a 30 toneladas.
En una realización, el acelerador comprende un sincrociclotrón superconductor.
En una realización, el campo magnético del sincrociclotrón superconductor está en el intervalo de 6 a 20 Tesla.
En una realización, más de la mitad de la superficie del cierre cercado está incorporada dentro de la tierra.
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Claims (1)

  1. imagen1
ES11177607.6T 2005-11-18 2006-11-17 Radioterapia con partículas cargadas Active ES2587982T3 (es)

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US (10) US7728311B2 (es)
EP (8) EP2389977A3 (es)
JP (5) JP5368103B2 (es)
CN (1) CN101361156B (es)
CA (1) CA2629333C (es)
ES (3) ES2730108T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2007061937A2 (es)

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