HK43187A - Polyampholytes and their use - Google Patents
Polyampholytes and their use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- HK43187A HK43187A HK431/87A HK43187A HK43187A HK 43187 A HK43187 A HK 43187A HK 431/87 A HK431/87 A HK 431/87A HK 43187 A HK43187 A HK 43187A HK 43187 A HK43187 A HK 43187A
- Authority
- HK
- Hong Kong
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- monomer
- polyampholyte
- hydrogen
- prepared
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
- C09K8/882—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/12—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/14—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/06—Clay-free compositions
- C09K8/12—Clay-free compositions containing synthetic organic macromolecular compounds or their precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
- C09K8/18—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the organic compounds
- C09K8/22—Synthetic organic compounds
- C09K8/24—Polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/52—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
- C09K8/528—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning inorganic depositions, e.g. sulfates or carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/54—Compositions for in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
- C23F11/173—Macromolecular compounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/003—Means for stopping loss of drilling fluid
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Claims (3)
1. Procédé d'inhibition de la précipitation et de la déposition de sels minéraux dans un système aqueux comprenant l'addition au système aqueux d'au moins 0,1 ppm d'un polyampholyte à fonction carboxylique ou d'un sel de ce polyampholyte, préparé à partir de:
(i) 5 à 90 pour cent, en poids, d'au moins un monomère à fonction carboxylique de formule:
dans laquelle chacun des R, qui peuvent être identiques ou différents l'un de l'autre, est l'hydrogène, le phényle, un alkyle en C1―3 ou -COOX, R' est une chaîne droite ou ramifiée de 0 à 12 atomes de carbone et X est l'hydrogène ou un métal alcalin ou alcalino-terreux;
(ii) 0,5 à 20 pour cent en poids d'au moins un monomère contenant un groupe cationique; et
(iii) éventuellement, au moins un monomère non ionique.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le polyampholyte à fonction carboxylique est un terpolymère préparé à partir de:
(i) un monomère à fonction carboxylique répondant à la formule de la revendication 1, sauf que R n'est pas -COOX;
(ii) au moins un monomère non ionique de formule:
dans laquelle chacun des R6, qui peuvent être identiques ou différents l'un de l'autre, est l'hydrogène, le phényle ou un alkyle en C1-3 et chacun des R2, qui peuvent être identiques ou différents l'un de l'autre, est l'hydrogène ou un alkyle en C1_3, et
(iii) un monomère contenant un groupe cationique contenant un ion ammonium quaternaire, phosphonium ou sulfonium.
3. Polymère polyampholyte ayant une viscosité intrinsèque de 0,05 à 4,5 dans le NaCI 1,0 M et préparé à partir de
(a) 32,5 à 90% en poids d'acide acrylique et/ou d'acide méthacrylique;
(b) 1,5 à 65% en poids d'acrylamide; et
(c) 0,5 à 20% en poids de chlorure de diméthyldiallylammonium et/ou de chlorure de diéthyldiallyl- ammonium.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US33110281A | 1981-12-15 | 1981-12-15 | |
| US06/331,101 US4455240A (en) | 1981-12-15 | 1981-12-15 | Ampholytic polymers for use as filtration control aids in drilling muds |
| US06/378,921 US4533708A (en) | 1981-12-15 | 1982-05-17 | Polyampholyte polymer |
| US41117382A | 1982-08-25 | 1982-08-25 | |
| US41118282A | 1982-08-25 | 1982-08-25 | |
| US06/411,167 US4484631A (en) | 1982-08-25 | 1982-08-25 | Use of polyampholytes to enhance oil and/or gas recovery |
| US06/411,174 US4460477A (en) | 1982-08-25 | 1982-08-25 | Use of a carboxylic functional polyampholyte to inhibit the precipitation and deposit of scale in aqueous systems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HK43187A true HK43187A (en) | 1987-06-12 |
Family
ID=27569682
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HK431/87A HK43187A (en) | 1981-12-15 | 1987-06-04 | Polyampholytes and their use |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (3) | EP0156031B1 (fr) |
| JP (2) | JPH0642960B2 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU560184B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA1209009A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE3270681D1 (fr) |
| HK (1) | HK43187A (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO158951C (fr) |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4536292A (en) * | 1984-03-26 | 1985-08-20 | Calgon Corporation | Carboxylic/sulfonic/quaternary ammonium polymers for use as scale and corrosion inhibitors |
| US4566973A (en) * | 1984-08-06 | 1986-01-28 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Scale inhibition in water systems |
| GB2168359B (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1988-05-05 | Grace W R & Co | A method of inhibiting corrosion in aqueous systems |
| US4652623A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1987-03-24 | Calgon Corporation | Polymers for use as filtration control aids in drilling muds |
| ATE41469T1 (de) * | 1985-08-15 | 1989-04-15 | Halliburton Co | Verfahren zum stabilisieren von feinen teilchen. |
| US4657679A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1987-04-14 | Nalco Chemical Company | AMPIQ copolymers as scale inhibitors |
| DE3708451A1 (de) * | 1987-03-16 | 1988-10-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Zwitterionische polymere und deren verwendung in haarbehandlungsmitteln |
| NZ230686A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1991-11-26 | Calgon Corp | Inhibiting sulphide attack on carbon steels with a water-soluble polymer |
| US5038861A (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1991-08-13 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Method for prolonging the useful life of scale inhibitors injected within a formation |
| US5181567A (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1993-01-26 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Method for prolonging the useful life of polymeric or blended scale inhibitors injected within a formation |
| US5179136A (en) * | 1990-09-10 | 1993-01-12 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Gelatin of acrylamide-containing polymers with aminobenzoic acid compounds and water dispersible aldehydes |
| EP0577931B1 (fr) * | 1992-04-10 | 1998-06-24 | Clariant GmbH | Procédé pour la réduction ou la prédisposition complète de la production d'eau pendant le forage pour la récupération d'huile et/ou gaz d'hydrocarbures |
| CA2151152C (fr) * | 1993-11-19 | 1999-08-10 | Kevin W. Smith | Procede de traitement de schiste et d'argile dans le forage de formations d'hydrocarbures |
| CN1050404C (zh) * | 1995-04-13 | 2000-03-15 | 辽河石油勘探局兴隆台采油厂 | 耐高温固砂剂及其制备方法 |
| CN1074019C (zh) * | 1995-12-20 | 2001-10-31 | 四川联合大学 | 聚合物驱油剂的制备方法 |
| EP1555385A1 (fr) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-07-20 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA | Procédé de consolidation d'une formation souterraine |
| GB0516068D0 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2005-09-14 | Champion Technologies Ltd | Well treatment |
| GB0600692D0 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2006-02-22 | Champion Technologies Ltd | Well treatment |
| GB0616469D0 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 2006-09-27 | Champion Technologies Ltd | Well treatment |
| US8598094B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2013-12-03 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods and compostions for preventing scale and diageneous reactions in subterranean formations |
| FR2932183B1 (fr) * | 2008-06-10 | 2013-03-29 | Seppic Sa | Nouveau polyampholyte, et son utilisation dans le traitement des formations rocheuses |
| US8881811B2 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2014-11-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Additives to suppress silica scale build-up and methods of use thereof |
| US20100089578A1 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-15 | Nguyen Philip D | Prevention of Water Intrusion Into Particulates |
| JP5434256B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-19 | 2014-03-05 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 掘削泥水用添加剤及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた掘削泥水 |
| DE102009039552B4 (de) | 2009-09-01 | 2011-05-26 | Thyssenkrupp Vdm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Eisen-Chrom-Legierung |
| JP6146957B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-15 | 2017-06-14 | 株式会社日本触媒 | アミノ基含有共重合体 |
| US10450500B2 (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2019-10-22 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Thermally stable polymers for enhanced oil recovery |
| CN105085798B (zh) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-08-25 | 四川大学 | 一种双重网络部分交联部分支化聚合物驱油剂及其制备方法 |
| CN107686534B (zh) * | 2016-08-04 | 2020-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 具有选择性堵水功能的聚合物及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN109053973A (zh) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-21 | 长沙加美乐素化工有限公司 | 一种聚羧酸减水剂的滴加合成工艺 |
| CN113563536B (zh) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-17 | 山东诺尔生物科技有限公司 | 一种双电层型聚丙烯酰胺微球及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3679000A (en) * | 1970-12-04 | 1972-07-25 | Lubrizol Corp | Secondary oil recovery method using n-sulfohydrocarbon-substituted acrylamide polymers as viscosity increasing agents |
| US3709815A (en) * | 1971-07-01 | 1973-01-09 | Calgon Corp | Boiler water treatment |
| US3744566A (en) * | 1972-03-16 | 1973-07-10 | Calgon Corp | Secondary oil recovery process |
| JPS496078A (fr) * | 1972-05-02 | 1974-01-19 | ||
| JPS5127479B2 (fr) * | 1972-10-19 | 1976-08-12 | ||
| US4024040A (en) * | 1974-02-26 | 1977-05-17 | Hercules Incorporated | Polymerization of unsaturated monomers with radiation in the presence of salts |
| US4077930A (en) * | 1974-07-16 | 1978-03-07 | Calgon Corporation | Self-inverting emulsions of dialkyldiallyl ammonium chloride polymers and copolymers |
| US4085060A (en) * | 1975-09-23 | 1978-04-18 | Vassileff Neiko I | Sequestering compositions |
| JPS53149292A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1978-12-26 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | High-polymer ampholyte, its production and paper-strengthening agent and high-polymer coagulant containing the same as major ingredient |
| US4131583A (en) * | 1977-12-01 | 1978-12-26 | Northern Instruments Corporation | Corrosion inhibiting compositions |
| JPS5494482A (en) * | 1978-01-09 | 1979-07-26 | Otsuka Chem Co Ltd | Scale inhibitor |
| US4293427A (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1981-10-06 | Milchem Incorporated | Drilling fluid containing a copolymer filtration control agent |
| DE3003747A1 (de) * | 1979-03-09 | 1980-09-11 | Milchem Inc | Verfahren zum bohren von bohrloechern |
-
1982
- 1982-12-03 CA CA000416982A patent/CA1209009A/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-12-13 EP EP84115972A patent/EP0156031B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-12-13 AU AU91438/82A patent/AU560184B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-12-13 EP EP82306648A patent/EP0082657B2/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-12-13 EP EP84115971A patent/EP0156030B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-12-13 DE DE8282306648T patent/DE3270681D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-12-14 NO NO82824198A patent/NO158951C/no unknown
-
1987
- 1987-06-04 HK HK431/87A patent/HK43187A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-09-20 JP JP2251637A patent/JPH0642960B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-20 JP JP2251638A patent/JPH0643463B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU560184B2 (en) | 1987-04-02 |
| EP0156030B1 (fr) | 1987-06-10 |
| DE3270681D1 (en) | 1986-05-22 |
| JPH0643463B2 (ja) | 1994-06-08 |
| EP0156031B1 (fr) | 1987-10-28 |
| AU9143882A (en) | 1983-06-23 |
| EP0082657A2 (fr) | 1983-06-29 |
| EP0082657A3 (en) | 1983-09-14 |
| EP0082657B2 (fr) | 1989-07-12 |
| CA1209009A (fr) | 1986-08-05 |
| NO158951C (no) | 1988-11-16 |
| NO158951B (no) | 1988-08-08 |
| JPH03193198A (ja) | 1991-08-22 |
| EP0156031A1 (fr) | 1985-10-02 |
| NO824198L (no) | 1983-06-16 |
| EP0156030A1 (fr) | 1985-10-02 |
| JPH03174402A (ja) | 1991-07-29 |
| EP0082657B1 (fr) | 1986-04-16 |
| JPH0642960B2 (ja) | 1994-06-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC | Patent ceased (i.e. patent has lapsed due to the failure to pay the renewal fee) |