ID28896A - Tetrahidro pirido eter - Google Patents

Tetrahidro pirido eter

Info

Publication number: ID28896A
Authority: ID; Indonesia
Prior art keywords: tetrahidro; pirido; eter; naphthyridine; imidazo
Prior art date: 1998-09-23

Application number

IDW20010682A

Other languages

English (en)

Indonesian (id)

Inventor

Stefan Postius

Wolfgang Alexander Simon

Gerhard Grundler

Guido Hanauer

Reinhard Huber

Wolfgang Kromer

Ernst Sturm

Jorg Senn Bilfinger

Original Assignee

Byk Gulden Lomberg Chem Fab

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1998-09-23

Filing date

1999-09-17

Publication date

2001-07-12

1999-09-17 Application filed by Byk Gulden Lomberg Chem Fab filed Critical Byk Gulden Lomberg Chem Fab

2001-07-12 Publication of ID28896A publication Critical patent/ID28896A/id

Links

PWILYDZRJORZDR-MISYRCLQSA-N (7r,8r,9r)-7-(2-methoxyethoxy)-2,3-dimethyl-9-phenyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-h][1,7]naphthyridin-8-ol Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C3=C(C4=NC(C)=C(C)N4C=C3)N2)OCCOC)=CC=CC=C1 PWILYDZRJORZDR-MISYRCLQSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
210000004211 gastric acid Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 abstract 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D471/14—Ortho-condensed systems
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4375—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a six-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. quinolizines, naphthyridines, berberine, vincamine
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
Public Health (AREA)
Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Communicable Diseases (AREA)
Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
Rheumatology (AREA)
Oncology (AREA)
Epidemiology (AREA)
Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

IDW20010682A 1998-09-23 1999-09-17 Tetrahidro pirido eter ID28896A (id)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
EP98117988		1998-09-23
DE19843504		1998-09-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
ID28896A true ID28896A (id)	2001-07-12

Family

ID=26049024

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
IDW20010682A ID28896A (id)	1998-09-23	1999-09-17	Tetrahidro pirido eter

Country Status (31)

Country	Link
US (4)	US6436953B1 (pl)
EP (1)	EP1115725B1 (pl)
JP (1)	JP4145492B2 (pl)
KR (1)	KR100668400B1 (pl)
CN (2)	CN1155598C (pl)
AT (1)	ATE231862T1 (pl)
AU (1)	AU763463B2 (pl)
BG (1)	BG65195B1 (pl)
BR (1)	BR9914044A (pl)
CA (1)	CA2344251A1 (pl)
CZ (1)	CZ292335B6 (pl)
DE (1)	DE69905178T2 (pl)
DK (1)	DK1115725T3 (pl)
EA (1)	EA005377B1 (pl)
EE (1)	EE04677B1 (pl)
ES (1)	ES2191464T3 (pl)
GE (1)	GEP20032926B (pl)
HK (1)	HK1038360B (pl)
HR (1)	HRP20010224A2 (pl)
HU (1)	HUP0102990A3 (pl)
ID (1)	ID28896A (pl)
IL (2)	IL142063A0 (pl)
NO (1)	NO317304B1 (pl)
NZ (1)	NZ510610A (pl)
PL (1)	PL193616B1 (pl)
PT (1)	PT1115725E (pl)
RS (1)	RS50145B (pl)
SI (1)	SI1115725T1 (pl)
SK (1)	SK285165B6 (pl)
TR (1)	TR200100805T2 (pl)
WO (1)	WO2000017200A1 (pl)

Families Citing this family (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US6436953B1 (en) *	1998-09-23	2002-08-20	Byk Gulden Lomberg Chemische Fabrik Gmbh	Tetrahydropyridoethers
DE60002855T2 (de)	1999-04-17	2004-05-06	Altana Pharma Ag	Haloalkoxy-imidazonaphthyridine
CA2721484A1 (en) *	1999-05-12	2000-11-12	President And Fellows Of Harvard College	Dopamine transporter imaging agents
KR100860627B1 (ko) *	2000-03-29	2008-09-29	니코메드 게엠베하	이미다조피리딘 유도체의 프로드러그
CN1221553C (zh) *	2000-03-29	2005-10-05	奥坦纳医药公司	三环咪唑并吡啶类化合物及药物组合物
KR20040011423A (ko) *	2000-10-25	2004-02-05	알타나 파마 아게	위액 분비 억제제로서의 다중치환된 이미다조피리딘
UA80393C2 (uk)	2000-12-07	2007-09-25	Алтана Фарма Аг	Фармацевтична композиція, яка містить інгібітор фде 4, диспергований в матриці
JP2004520422A (ja) *	2001-03-08	2004-07-08	アストラゼネカ・アクチエボラーグ	新しい用途
WO2003014119A1 (en)	2001-08-02	2003-02-20	Altana Pharma Ag	Tricyclic epoxides
EP1419156A1 (en) *	2001-08-03	2004-05-19	ALTANA Pharma AG	Alkyl-substituted imidazopyridines for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders
WO2003014120A1 (en) *	2001-08-03	2003-02-20	Altana Pharma Ag	Amino-substituted imidazopyridines for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases
US7314935B2 (en)	2002-02-15	2008-01-01	Altana Pharma Ag	Tricyclic n-acyl compounds
MY140561A (en)	2002-02-20	2009-12-31	Nycomed Gmbh	Dosage form containing pde 4 inhibitor as active ingredient
JP2005528418A (ja) *	2002-05-07	2005-09-22	アルタナ　ファルマ　アクチエンゲゼルシャフト	気道疾患を治療するための新規組み合わせ
KR20050086584A (ko)	2002-11-19	2005-08-30	알타나 파마 아게	8-치환 이미다조피리딘
PT1572217E (pt)	2002-12-12	2008-11-28	Nycomed Gmbh	Medicamento combinado de r,r-formoterol e ciclesonida
CA2509882A1 (en) *	2002-12-20	2004-07-08	Altana Pharma Ag	Silyl ethers
PL377581A1 (pl) *	2003-02-17	2006-02-06	Altana Pharma Ag	Połączenia zawierające imidazopirydyny oraz ich zastosowanie do leczenia chorób zapalnych przewodu pokarmowego
DK1606261T3 (da)	2003-03-10	2010-01-18	Nycomed Gmbh	Hidtil ukendt fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af roflumilast
TW200503783A (en) *	2003-04-11	2005-02-01	Altana Pharma Ag	Oral pharmaceutical preparation for proton pump antagonists
SA04250092B1 (ar) *	2003-05-14	2008-05-04	التانا فاروا ايه جي	مركب وسيط جديد لتحضير مركبات إيميدازوبيريدين imidazopyridines فعالة علاجياً
US20060241134A1 (en) *	2003-05-27	2006-10-26	Altana Pharma Ga	Pharmaceutical combinations of a proton pump inhibitor and a compound which modifies gastrointestinal motility
JP2007507425A (ja) *	2003-08-29	2007-03-29	ダイノゲンファーマシューティカルズ，インコーポレイテッド	胃腸管運動障害を処置するために有用な組成物
US8371292B2 (en)	2003-09-16	2013-02-12	Nycomed Gmbh	Use of ciclesonide for the treatment of respiratory diseases
WO2005041961A1 (en) *	2003-11-03	2005-05-12	Astrazeneca Ab	Imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine derivatives for the treatment of silent gastro-esophageal reflux
US7326784B2 (en)	2003-12-19	2008-02-05	Altana Pharma Ag	Intermediates for the preparation of tricyclic dihydropyrano-imidazo-pyridines derivatives
AR047605A1 (es) *	2004-02-17	2006-01-25	Altana Pharma Ag	Imidazopiridinas triciclicas e intermediarios en la sintesis de las mismas,sus procesos de preparacion,composiciones farmaceuticas que los contienen y usos.
DK1784404T3 (da)	2004-09-03	2012-02-13	Yuhan Corp	Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridinderivater samt fremgangsmåder til deres fremstilling
PL1784402T3 (pl)	2004-09-03	2011-12-30	Yuhan Corp	Pochodne pirolo[3,2-c]pirydyny oraz sposoby ich wytwarzania
US7642269B2 (en)	2004-09-03	2010-01-05	Yuhan Corporation	Pyrrolo[3,2-B]pyridine derivatives and processes for the preparation thereof
AU2006224619B2 (en) *	2005-03-16	2012-06-07	Takeda Gmbh	Taste masked dosage form containing roflumilast
EP2080513A1 (en)	2008-01-16	2009-07-22	Schraermeyer, Ulrich, Prof. Dr. rer. nat	Tetrahydropyridoethers for treatment of AMD
US8648080B2 (en) *	2009-07-09	2014-02-11	Raqualia Pharma Inc.	Acid pump antagonist for the treatment of diseases involved in abnormal gastrointestinal motility
WO2012027240A1 (en) *	2010-08-23	2012-03-01	Schering Corporation	Fused tricyclic inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin
ES2635067T3 (es) *	2012-06-15	2017-10-02	Bio-Pharm Solutions Co., Ltd.	Compuesto de sulfamato de fenilalquilo y composición de relajante muscular que comprende el mismo
EP3054949A1 (en)	2013-10-08	2016-08-17	Katairo GmbH	Tetrahydropyridoethers for the treatment of stargardt's disease

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US4468400A (en) *	1982-12-20	1984-08-28	Schering Corporation	Antiulcer tricyclic imidazo [1,2-a]pyridines
FI900219A7 (fi) *	1987-07-16	1990-01-15	Byk Gulden Lomberg Chem Fab	Uudet diatsolit
SE9401197D0 (sv) *	1994-04-11	1994-04-11	Astra Ab	Active compounds
EP0773945A1 (de) *	1994-07-28	1997-05-21	Byk Gulden Lomberg Chemische Fabrik GmbH	Acylimidazopyridine
IL131407A0 (en) *	1997-03-24	2001-01-28	Byk Gulden Lomberg Chem Fab	Tetrahydropyrido compounds medicaments containing the same and the use thereof
HUP0001555A3 (en) *	1997-10-30	2001-01-29	Altana Pharma Ag	Tetrahydro-imidazo-naphthyridine derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and process for their preparation
US6436953B1 (en)	1998-09-23	2002-08-20	Byk Gulden Lomberg Chemische Fabrik Gmbh	Tetrahydropyridoethers

1999
- 1999-09-17 US US09/582,212 patent/US6436953B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-17 CN CNB998112992A patent/CN1155598C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-17 SI SI9930207T patent/SI1115725T1/xx unknown
- 1999-09-17 SK SK399-2001A patent/SK285165B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-17 KR KR1020017003553A patent/KR100668400B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-17 BR BR9914044-6A patent/BR9914044A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-09-17 DK DK99948776T patent/DK1115725T3/da active
- 1999-09-17 ES ES99948776T patent/ES2191464T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-17 AU AU61920/99A patent/AU763463B2/en not_active Expired
- 1999-09-17 CA CA002344251A patent/CA2344251A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-17 EP EP99948776A patent/EP1115725B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-17 EA EA200100315A patent/EA005377B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-17 HU HU0102990A patent/HUP0102990A3/hu unknown
- 1999-09-17 CN CNB2004100384351A patent/CN100506821C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-17 AT AT99948776T patent/ATE231862T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-17 IL IL14206399A patent/IL142063A0/xx active IP Right Grant
- 1999-09-17 EE EEP200100172A patent/EE04677B1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-17 CZ CZ20011082A patent/CZ292335B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-17 RS YUP-214/01A patent/RS50145B/sr unknown
- 1999-09-17 PL PL99346617A patent/PL193616B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-17 HK HK02100042.6A patent/HK1038360B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-17 DE DE69905178T patent/DE69905178T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-17 WO PCT/EP1999/006899 patent/WO2000017200A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-09-17 GE GEAP19995786A patent/GEP20032926B/en unknown
- 1999-09-17 NZ NZ510610A patent/NZ510610A/en unknown
- 1999-09-17 HR HR20010224A patent/HRP20010224A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-09-17 ID IDW20010682A patent/ID28896A/id unknown
- 1999-09-17 TR TR2001/00805T patent/TR200100805T2/xx unknown
- 1999-09-17 JP JP2000574109A patent/JP4145492B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-17 PT PT99948776T patent/PT1115725E/pt unknown
2001
- 2001-02-19 BG BG105270A patent/BG65195B1/bg unknown
- 2001-03-12 NO NO20011243A patent/NO317304B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-18 IL IL142063A patent/IL142063A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
2002
- 2002-03-25 US US10/103,733 patent/US6696460B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
2004
- 2004-02-23 US US10/783,512 patent/US7105676B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
2006
- 2006-07-27 US US11/493,707 patent/US7393860B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
EE200100172A (et)	2002-06-17
CN1319101A (zh)	2001-10-24
TR200100805T2 (tr)	2001-08-21
YU21401A (sh)	2004-03-12
HK1038360B (en)	2003-05-16
DE69905178D1 (de)	2003-03-06
SK285165B6 (sk)	2006-07-07
NO20011243L (no)	2001-03-12
SK3992001A3 (en)	2001-12-03
HK1038360A1 (en)	2002-03-15
GEP20032926B (en)	2003-03-25
WO2000017200A1 (en)	2000-03-30
DE69905178T2 (de)	2003-07-17
US20020169320A1 (en)	2002-11-14
RS50145B (sr)	2009-03-25
HRP20010224A2 (en)	2002-04-30
US6436953B1 (en)	2002-08-20
EP1115725A1 (en)	2001-07-18
IL142063A (en)	2007-10-31
AU763463B2 (en)	2003-07-24
NO317304B1 (no)	2004-10-04
CZ292335B6 (cs)	2003-09-17
BG105270A (en)	2001-11-30
IL142063A0 (en)	2002-03-10
US20040162310A1 (en)	2004-08-19
CN1155598C (zh)	2004-06-30
JP4145492B2 (ja)	2008-09-03
BR9914044A (pt)	2001-12-04
CZ20011082A3 (cs)	2001-09-12
CN1560055A (zh)	2005-01-05
EP1115725B1 (en)	2003-01-29
EA200100315A1 (ru)	2001-10-22
CN100506821C (zh)	2009-07-01
KR20010075223A (ko)	2001-08-09
US7393860B1 (en)	2008-07-01
ATE231862T1 (de)	2003-02-15
JP2002526499A (ja)	2002-08-20
DK1115725T3 (da)	2003-06-23
EA005377B1 (ru)	2005-02-24
PL193616B1 (pl)	2007-02-28
ES2191464T3 (es)	2003-09-01
SI1115725T1 (en)	2003-06-30
HUP0102990A3 (en)	2002-09-30
PT1115725E (pt)	2003-06-30
HUP0102990A2 (hu)	2002-01-28
NO20011243D0 (no)	2001-03-12
US7105676B2 (en)	2006-09-12
AU6192099A (en)	2000-04-10
PL346617A1 (en)	2002-02-25
KR100668400B1 (ko)	2007-01-17
EE04677B1 (et)	2006-08-15
US6696460B2 (en)	2004-02-24
CA2344251A1 (en)	2000-03-30
BG65195B1 (bg)	2007-06-29
NZ510610A (en)	2003-07-25

Publication	Publication Date	Title
ATE231862T1 (de)	2003-02-15	Tetrahydropyridoether
EE04676B1 (et)	2006-08-15	Imidasopridiini derivaadid, mis inhibeerivad maohappesekretsiooni, protsess nende valmistamiseks ning nende kasutamine
CY2007029I1 (el)	2009-11-04	Μεθοδος για την παρασκευη υποκατεστημενων οκτανοϋλ-αμιδιων
FI874702A7 (fi)	1988-04-28	Menetelmä uusien bentsimidatsolijohdannaisten valmistamiseksi.
IT1317741B1 (it)	2003-07-15	Metodo per la preparazione di 5-cianoftalide.
TR199901597A3 (tr)	2000-02-21	Kaplanmis peroksijen bilesikleri hazirlama yöntemi.
DE60125429D1 (de)	2007-02-01	Zolpidem hemitartrat solvat
ID23963A (id)	1999-12-03	Proses pembuatan vinil asetat
IT1319251B1 (it)	2003-09-26	Metodo per la preparazione di 5-carbossiftalide.
TR199600779A2 (tr)	1997-04-22	Imidazo benzodiazepin türevlerinin imal edilmesine mahsus yöntem.
NO20024059L (no)	1999-11-29	Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et oksazolyletanolderivat
NO20003454D0 (no)	2000-07-04	FremgangsmÕte for fremstilling av (-)cis-3-hydroksy-1-metyl-4-
NO996080L (no)	2000-06-13	FremgangsmÕte for deteksjon, særlig av smÕ sjømÕl
TR199800403A3 (tr)	1998-09-21	a-Bromo-laktam türevlerinin hazirlanmasi için yöntem.
IT1303759B1 (it)	2001-02-23	Procedimento migliorato per la preparazione di acido 7-azaindolil-3-carbossilico.
ITRM980344A0 (it)	1998-05-29	Procedimento chimico per la sinteri stereoselettiva della r-(-)-carni- tina
PT1133495E (pt)	2003-02-28	Semi-hidrocloreto do acido 8-ciano-1-ciclopropil-7-(1s,6s-2,8-diazabiciclo-¬4.3.0\|-nonano-8-il)-6-fluoro-1,4-diidro-4-oxo-3-quinolinocarboxilico
NO307859B1 (no)	2000-06-05	FremgangsmÕte for beregning av varighet av oppkoblinger
NO20012811D0 (no)	2001-06-07	Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av p-klorfenyl-propanol- derivat
NO20013044D0 (no)	2001-06-19	Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av NG-substituerte deaza- adenosinderivater
EA199900020A2 (ru)	1999-08-26	Способ получения нафтиридонов и промежуточных соединений
NO882655D0 (no)	1988-06-15	Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av (e)-2-(p-fluorfenethyl)-3-fluorallylamin.
EE9900117A (et)	1999-10-15	Meetod nitriti kolorimeetriliseks määramiseks
IT1304031B1 (it)	2001-03-02	Metodo per la preparazione di glucofanina.
AUPQ075599A0 (en)	1999-06-24	Method for direct electromagnetic-ultrasonic measurements of the permeability ofrocks