JPH0429663B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0429663B2 JPH0429663B2 JP58150420A JP15042083A JPH0429663B2 JP H0429663 B2 JPH0429663 B2 JP H0429663B2 JP 58150420 A JP58150420 A JP 58150420A JP 15042083 A JP15042083 A JP 15042083A JP H0429663 B2 JPH0429663 B2 JP H0429663B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- allyl
- reaction
- catalyst
- isothiocyanate
- cyanide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=S ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 109
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- -1 alkali metal cyanide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 61
- 235000016720 allyl isothiocyanate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium cyanide Chemical compound [NH4+].N#[C-] ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IFVYHJRLWCUVBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl thiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCSC#N IFVYHJRLWCUVBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SOIFLUNRINLCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiocyanate Chemical compound [NH4+].[S-]C#N SOIFLUNRINLCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052736 halogen Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 17
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC=C OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- OHXAOPZTJOUYKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Chloro-2-methylpropene Chemical compound CC(=C)CCl OHXAOPZTJOUYKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SFCQVEDGNZVACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-isothiocyanato-2-methylprop-1-ene Chemical compound CC(=C)CN=C=S SFCQVEDGNZVACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- UABDRQGIRJTVHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol butan-1-olate zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCCCO.CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] UABDRQGIRJTVHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SCXCDVTWABNWLW-UHFFFAOYSA-M decyl-dimethyl-octylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCC SCXCDVTWABNWLW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRPRNLNEYWYWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-ethyl n-prop-2-enylcarbamothioate Chemical compound CCOC(=S)NCC=C ZRPRNLNEYWYWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- RLJWTAURUFQFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O RLJWTAURUFQFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraisopropyl titanate Substances CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJMZZAZBRIPOHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCC(CC)CO UJMZZAZBRIPOHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFUMQOMGJIQOSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropylcarbamothioic s-acid Chemical compound CC(C)CNC(S)=O OFUMQOMGJIQOSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBBPRCNXBQTYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthioethanol Chemical compound CSCCO WBBPRCNXBQTYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USEGQJLHQSTGHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-2-methylprop-1-ene Chemical compound CC(=C)CBr USEGQJLHQSTGHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVSJHYFLAANPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodo-2-methylprop-1-ene Chemical compound CC(=C)CI HVSJHYFLAANPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylethanolamine Chemical compound CNCCO OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC=C BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFEHLDPGIKPNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl iodide Chemical compound ICC=C HFEHLDPGIKPNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXBPYFMVGFDZFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=O HXBPYFMVGFDZFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn]CCCC AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SORGMJIXNUWMMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);propan-2-olate Chemical compound [La+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SORGMJIXNUWMMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZCNDFHXTXLMYDM-UHFFFAOYSA-I niobium(5+);pentaphenoxide Chemical compound [Nb+5].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ZCNDFHXTXLMYDM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XHLBOTHUIZHNQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentylcarbamothioic s-acid Chemical compound CCCCCNC(O)=S XHLBOTHUIZHNQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMACFCSSMIZSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenacyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMACFCSSMIZSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940096992 potassium oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M potassium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003491 tear gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C333/00—Derivatives of thiocarbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C333/02—Monothiocarbamic acids; Derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯ç¡«åé±ã®æµ®éä¿é²å€ãšããŠæçšãªïŒ®â
ã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã補é
ããããã®ç°¡åãã€å¹ççãªæ¹æ³ã«é¢ãããã®ã§
ããã æ¬çºæã®èæ¯ èèªæã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãŸãã¯ã±ãã³ã®ãããªå«é žçŽ
ææ©æº¶åªäžã§ã®æŽ»æ§ææ©ããã²ã³åç©ãã€ãªãŠã
ãã³ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ã®åå¿ã«ããææ©ã€
ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒãé¡ããã³ããªã·ã¢ããŒãé¡ã®è£œ
é ã¯ãµãŒã«ã¹ïŒSearlesïŒã®åè¡åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2462433
å·ãšããŠå ±åãããŠããããµãŒã«ã¹ã®æ¹æ³ã¯æ¬¡ã®
ãããªå¹Ÿã€ãã®æ¬ é¥ã«æ©ãã§ãã ïŒ ææ©åå¿æ··åç©ããã®å¡©ã®é€å»ã ïŒ çæç©ããã®æº¶åªã®é€å»ãããã³ ïŒ å¯çææ©ããªã·ã¢ããŒãããã®ç®çææ©ã€ãœ
ããªã·ã¢ããŒãã®èžæºã ãµãŒã«ã¹æ³ã«ãããŠã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ç³»æº¶åªã䜿çšã
ãéã«ã¯ææ©ã€ãœãããªã·ã¢ããŒãã®çæã«ç¶ã
ãŠå¡©ã¯é€å»ãããã次ãã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ã«
ãããŠããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®åçãäœãããã ãã®åŸã®ãææ©ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒããšèèªå±ã¢
ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®ãéïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒããŸ
ãã¯ãžããã«ã¹ãºã·ã©ãŠã¬ãŒãã®ãããªé©åœãªåª
溶ã®åœ±é¿äžã«ãããåå¿ã¯å ¬ç¥ã§ãããã€ã¯ã¯ã©
ãã«ãã€ãŠèšè¿°ãããŠãããCon.J.Chem.40
2369ã2375ïŒ1962ïŒãã ãªãŒãã¹ïŒReevesïŒããSynthetic
Communications ïŒ(7)ïŒïŒã509ã514ïŒ1976ïŒã
ã¯çžé移å觊åªïŒããã²ã³å第ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ïŒãŸãã¯ïœâããã«ã¢ãã³ãããã¯ããªâïœâ
ããã«ã¢ãã³ã®åœ±é¿äžã§ã®ããã²ã³åã¢ã«ãã«ãš
ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã«ãªãŠã 氎溶液ãšã®åå¿ãããªã·ã¢
ã³é žã¢ã«ãã«ãäžããããšãé瀺ããŠããããã
ã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ã䜿çšãããã°ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«
ãšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšã®æ··åç©ãåŸããã
ç®çã®ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãååããã«ã¯èž
çãå¿ èŠã§ããã äžè¬ã«ãå è¡æè¡ã®è£œæ³ã«ã¯å€ãã®æ¬ ç¹ãã
ãããã®äžã«ã¯åå¿æº¶åªãç®çå€çæç©ã®é€å»ã®
è€éããäžçšåºŠããã³æšæºä»¥äžã®ãããã ããå
çã®çåãªã©ãå«ãŸãããå è¡æè¡ã®ãã®ãããª
æ¬ é¥ã¯ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡
ãŒãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ãæäŸããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠ
å æããããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯ (a) çžé移å觊åªã®ååšäžãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³
åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã€ãªãŠãã
ãã³ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãåå¿æº¶åªãšããŠã®æ°Žã®
äžã§åå¿ãããŠã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãå«ã
ææ©çžãšæ°Žçžãšãããªãåå¿æ··åç©ãçæãã (b) äžèšæ°Žçžãäžèšææ©çžããåé¢ãã (c) äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåª
ã®ååšäžãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšåå¿ãããŠïŒ®âã¢ãªã«
ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããçãã è«žå·¥çšãããªã€ãŠããã æ¬çºæã¯å è¡æè¡ã®é瀺ããæ¹æ³ã®äžã«æ¬¡ã®ã
ããªå€ãã®é²æ©ãããããããå³ã¡ã(1)ã€ãœããª
ã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«è£œé ã®æº¶åªãšããŠæ°Žãçšããã(2)
çžé移å觊åªã®äœ¿çšã«ãããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·
ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããã®
å Žã§å®¹æã«äœããããããããã«ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³
é žã¢ãªã«ãèžçå·¥çšãªãã§é«åçã§äžããã(3)å
å¿äžã«çæããå¡©ã容æã«é€å»ãããã(4)ã€ãœã
ãªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãã調補ããåå¿å®¹åšããåé¢
ããå¿ èŠããªããããã ãããå¬æ¶ã¬ã¹åæ±ãã®
å¿ èŠããªããªã€ãŠããã(5)âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«
ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®è£œé ããã€ãœã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ãªã«ã«èèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãæ·»å ããããšã«ã
ãããŸããé©åœãªè§Šåªã®åœ±é¿äžã§ã®åå¿ã«ããã
容æã«é«åçã§è¡ãªããããæ¬ä»¶è£œæ³ã®ãã®ãã
ãªè«žå©ç¹ã¯ä»¥äžã®è©³çŽ°ãªé瀺ã«ãããããæãã
ã«ãªãã§ãããã æ¬çºæã®è©³çŽ°ãªèšè¿° åºé¡äººã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢
ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãçžé移å觊åª
ïŒPTCïŒã®ååšäžãå°éå°ã®ã€ãªãŠãšåå¿ãããŠ
ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãåŸãã€ãã§ãããããã
ã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãŸãã¯çœ®æããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãšåå¿
ãããéæµäžã«å ç±ããŠã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«
ãŸãã¯çœ®æã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããã³å¡©ã®æ°Ž
溶液ãçæããæ¹æ³ãçºèŠããããã®äºçžã¯åé¢
ãããã€ãã§ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãŸãã¯çœ®æ
ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãé©åœãªè§Šåªã®ååšäžã
ææž©äžã§èèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšåå¿ãããŠç®ççæ
ç©ãåŸãã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã®åå¿å·¥çšã¯äžèšã«ç€ºãããã ããã§ïŒã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãŸãã¯NH4 +ãè¡šã
ããã¯ããã²ã³ååãè¡šããããRâ²ãRâ³ã¯
æ°ŽçŽ ãã¢ã«ãã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«ã§ããã¯ã¢ã«
ãã«ã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯ããRâ²ããã³
Râ³ãã¢ã«ãã«ã§ããããã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãïŒä¹è³
ïŒåã®ççŽ ååã®äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«ã§ããããã€ã
ãïŒä¹è³ïŒåã®ççŽ ååã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã§ããå Žå
ã«ç¹ã«å¥œé©ã§ããã æ¬ä»¶è£œæ³ã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã¯çžé移å觊åªã®ååšäžã
ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ã
ãŠã ãã€ãªãŠããã³ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãåå¿æº¶åª
ãšããŠã®æ°Žã®äžã§åå¿ãããŠãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ãªã«ãå«ãææ©çžãšæ°Žçžãšãããªãåå¿æ··åç©
ãäœãããšãããªãããã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã®äŒç»ã¯çš®ã
ã®æè¡ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªããã奜ãŸããã¯æ¬¡ã®èšèŒé ç®
ã«ãã€ãŠæ§æãããã (a) äžèšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³å
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·
ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãåºæºã«
ããŠãã»ã0.05ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®éã®äž
èšçžé移å觊åªã®ååšã«ãããŠãååŠéè«çé
ã®çŽ0.5ä¹è³çŽ1.0ããŒã»ã³ãéå°ã®äžèšã€ãªãŠ
ãæ·»å ããããšã«ããäžèšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·
ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Ž
溶液ã圢æãã (b) ãã®ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ã®æº¶æ¶²ã«ã40â以äžã®æž©
床ã§äžèšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³
åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãåºæºã«ããŠã¢ã«æ¯çŽ1.0ä¹è³
1.1ã®ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãæ·»å ãã (c) çæããåå¿æ··åç©ãéæµäžã§ã€ãœããªã·ã¢
ã³é žã¢ãªã«å¯Ÿããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®æ¯ãå°ããš
ã8.5ïŒïŒã«éããã®ã«ååãªæéå ç±ããã ã€ãªãŠãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãšåå¿ããã
ãšçºç±ãèŠãããïŒã·ã¢ã³åãããªãŠã ãšã®åå¿
ã§16ã18KcalïŒmolïŒããã®åå¿ã«ãããŠã¯ãã¢
ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã 35ä¹è³40ããŒã»ã³ããå«ã氎溶液ãäœãããã
ã«çžé移å觊åªãæ·»å ããã€ãã§ååŠéè«çã«å°
éå°ã®ã€ãªãŠãå°éãã€æ·»å ããã çžé移å觊åªã¯å€ãã®èŠªè©²çœ®æåå¿ã«çšããã
ãŠæ¥ãããã®æè¡ã¯ãææ©çžã§åå¿ãåŸã芪該ã¢
ããªã³ãæ°Žçžããææ©çžã«ç§»åãããäœçšããã
ææ©ã«ããªã³çš®ã®äœ¿çšãå å«ããã çè«äžã¯ã©ã®ãããªçžé移å觊åªã§ãæ¬çºæã®
å®æœã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯çžé移
å觊åªã¯ããã²ã³åããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã
ããã³ããã²ã³åããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ããªã¹ããªããŠ
ã ã§ãããæçšãªååç©ã¯ãåºããšãã°ãã¢ã«ã
ã«åºãïŒä¹è³20ççŽ ååãå«æããç·ççŽ éãçŽ
40ççŽ ååãŸã§ã®ãã®ã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ã¢ã«ã
ã«åºãïŒä¹è³10åã®ççŽ ååãå«æããç·ççŽ é
ãçŽ16ä¹è³çŽ22ççŽ ååã§ãããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«
奜ãŸããçš®ã¯å¡©åããã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ããã³å¡©åãªã¯ãã«ãã·ã«ãžã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ã§ãããä»ã®æçšãªè§Šåªã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ãå«ãŸã
ãããããã«éãããªããå¡©åã¿ããŠããªã¡ãã«
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãå¡©åããã·ã«ããªã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ã
ãŠã ãå¡©åãžã¿ããŠãžã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãå¡©å
ãããµãã·ã«ããªã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãå¡©åãžã³
ã³ãžã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããã³é¡äŒŒåã äžè¬ã«ã¯çžé移å觊åªã¯æ¬ä»¶è£œæ³ã«ãããŠãã¢
ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ãåºæºã«ããŠçŽ0.05ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®é
ã§äœ¿çšãããã奜ãŸããã¯è§Šåªäœ¿çšéã¯0.1ä¹è³
çŽ1.0ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã§ããã ã€ãªãŠã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³
åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããã³çžé移å觊åªã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ã
æéããããŠãæŸçœ®ããã°çŽ110âãŸã§æ¥éã«äž
ã€ãŠããŸã枩床ãã»ã60ã80âã®ç¯å²ã«ä¿ã€ãã
å€éšå·åŽããªããå°éãã€æ·»å ãããã€ãåå¿ã®
å®äºåŸæ°Žçžã®ã·ã¢ã³åç©å«éãäœãããšãä¿èšŒã
ãããã«ã奜ãŸããã¯ååŠéè«çã«å¿ èŠãªéãã
å°éå°ã®ã€ãªãŠã䜿çšãããäžè¬ã«ã¯0.5ä¹è³1.0
ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®éå°ãã¢ããå¡©ã«äœ¿çšããã°å
åã§ãããçŽïŒããŒã»ã³ã以äžã®éå°ã䜿çšãã
ãšç¶ãåå¿ã«ãããŠäºçžãåé¢ããéã«å°é£ã«é
éããã ã€ãªãŠã®æ·»å ã«ç¶ããŠããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©æº¶æ¶²ãé©
åœãªæž©åºŠãããšãã°40âã«å·åŽããããã²ã³åã¢
ãªã«ãŸãã¯çœ®æããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãæ¥éã«æ·»å ã
ããããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ã¯åççãªãã°ãããªãé
ã§ã䜿çšãåŸããããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ïŒã¢ã«ãããçŽ
1.0ä¹è³1.1ã¢ã«ã®ç¯å²ã®éã䜿ãããšãæãŸã
ããããã«æãŸãã¯1.05ä¹è³1.1ã¢ã«ã§ãããã
ãã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ã®å°éå°ãåçãé«ããåå¿æé
ãççž®ããããšãèªããããã æ¬çºæã¯ç¹ã«ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«âããã³ïŒ®âã¡ã¿ãªã«
ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã«é¢ããŠèª¬æ
ããããæ¬çºæã¯ä»ã®åçš®ã®ã¢ãªã«ååç©ã«ãé©
çšå¯èœãšç解ãããã¹ãã§ãããããšãã°åŒ åŒäžããRâ²ããã³Râ³ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ãC1ãC4ã¢ã«ã
ã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«ãããšãã°ïŒ®âã¯ããã«ããã³
âã·ã³ããã«ã§ããã ã§è¡šããããC1ãC4ã¢ã«ãã«çœ®æã¢ãªã«ããã³
ã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ãªã«èªå°äœã®ãããªçœ®æã¢ãªã«å
åç©ãå«ãŸããããããã«éããããã®ã§ã¯ãª
ããããã²ã³éšåãClãBrãŸãã¯ïŒ©ã§ãããã
ã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ã¯å¥œãŸããåå¿å€ã§ãããç¹ã«å¡©å
ç©ãæãŸããã䜿çšãåŸãä»ã®ååç©ã«ã¯ãã·ã¬
ãŒãããã³ã¡ã·ã¬ãŒããŸãä»ã®å®¹æã«é¢è±ããã
ããªãåºãå«ãŸããããã®ãããªååç©ã«ã¯å¡©å
ã¢ãªã«ãèåã¢ãªã«ããšãŒåã¢ãªã«ãå¡©åã¡ã¿ãª
ã«ãèåã¡ã¿ãªã«ããšãŒåã¡ã¿ãªã«ãã¢ãªã«ã·ã¬
ãŒããã¢ãªã«ã·ã¬ãŒããã¡ã¿ãªã«ãã·ã¬ãŒããã¡
ã¿ãªã«ã¡ã·ã¬ãŒãããã³é¡äŒŒç©ãå«ãŸããã ãã®åå¿æ··åç©ã次ãã§é€ã ã«éæµæž©åºŠïŒ90ã
95âïŒã«å ç±ãããã ãããªéæµãçŽïŒä¹è³ïŒæ
éç¶æãããçæããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
å¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã åå¿æ··åç©ã¯
ææ©çžãšæ°Žçžãšãããªãããã®æ··åç©ã¯ã奜ãŸã
ãã¯çŽ50ããŒã»ã³ãã®æ¿åºŠã®ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãæ
ããã æ¬ä»¶è£œæ³ã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã¯ææ©çžããæ°Žçžãåé¢ã
ãããšãããªãããã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã®äŒç»ã¯çš®ã ã®æ
è¡ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªããã奜ãŸããã¯æ¬¡ããšèšèŒé ç®ã«
ãã€ãŠæ§æãããã (a) åå¿æ··åç©ã«æ°Žãæ·»å ããŠåå¿äžã«çæãã
å¡©ã溶解ããã (b) æ°Žçžãææ©çžããåé¢ããã (c) æªåå¿ã®ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ããã³çè·¡éã®æ°Ž
ãé€å»ããã®ã«ååãªæéã枩床ãããã³ç空
ã§ææ©çžãå ç±ããæªåå¿ã®ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«
ããã³çè·¡éã®æ°Žãäžèšææ©çžããé€å»ããã ç¶ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšèèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒ
ã«ãšã®åå¿ã«ãããæ°Žã®å«éãããã®åå¿ã«äœ¿çš
ããã¹ã觊åªã®å æ°Žå解ã®åé¡ãé¿ããããã«ã§
ããéãäœãããããšãéèŠã§ãããäžè¬ã«ãã
ã®åå¿ã®æ°Žåå«éã¯çŽ0.25ïŒ ä»¥äžã§ããã¹ãã§ã
ããåŸã€ãŠã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããã®æ®çæ°Ž
åãã§ããéãé€å»ããããšãæãŸããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã¯äžèšã«ããçæããã€ãœã
ãªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåªã®ååšäžã¢ã«ã³
ãŒã«ãšåå¿ãããŠïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããª
ãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããçæããããšã«ãããªãããã®
第ïŒæ®µéã®äŒç»ã¯çš®ã ã®æè¡ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã§ãããã奜
ãŸããã¯æ¬¡ãã®èšèŒé ç®ã«ããæ§æãããã (a) äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãå«æããäžèš
ææ©çžã«äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãåºæºã«
ããŠã¢ã«æ¯çŽïŒä¹è³çŽïŒã®çŽéãŸãã¯åæéã®
第ïŒã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ããã³äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢
ãªã«ãåºæºã«ããŠçŽ0.1ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ã
ã®ãŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåªãæ·»å ãã (b) äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãâã¢ãªã«â
âã¢ã«ãã«ããªã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã«å€æããã®ã«
ååãªæž©åºŠã«ååãªæéå ç±ããã äžè¬ã«ã¯ãŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåªã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ã
ã«ããžã«ã³ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãéå±ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢
ã»ãããŒãããã³ãžã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ãºãžã«ã«ããã·ã¬
ãŒãããéžã¶ã®ã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®ç¹å¥ãªå©ç¹ã¯ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«
ãçæããåå¿å®¹åšããåé¢ããå¿ èŠããªãããš
ã«ããããããã€ãŠèèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã¯åã«é©åœ
ãªè§Šåªãšãšãã«æ·»å ããã ãã§ãããã€ãã§åå¿
æ··åç©ããâã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«
ãã¡ãŒãã®åœ¢æãå®äºããã®ã«ååãªæž©åºŠããã³
æéå ç±ãããäžè¬ã«ã¯ã»ã100âä¹è³120âã®æž©
床ãé©åœã§ãããã»ã110âä¹è³120âã奜ãŸã
ããäžè¬ã«ã¯ãã®æž©åºŠã«çŽïŒä¹è³ïŒæéå ç±ãã
ã°ååã§ãããéå°ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãããã°ã奜ãŸ
ããã¯ç空ãå©çšããŠé€å»ãã85ïŒ ãè¶ ããåç
ã®çæç©ãçµéšãããŠããã ç®çã®æçµçæç©ã«å¿ããŠåçš®ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã
䜿çšããåŸããæ¬ä»¶è£œæ³ã¯ç¹ã«C1ä¹è³C3ã®çŽé
ãŸãã¯åæã®èèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«å¥œãŸããã¯C1ä¹
è³C5ã®ç¬¬ïŒã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãç¹ã«C3ããã³C4ã®ç¬¬ïŒ
ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã«é©åã§ãããèèªå±éã¯ââãâ
âãŸãã¯âNHâã®ãããªãããååã«ãã€ãŠ
äžæãããŠããŠãããããã®ãããªã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®
äŸã«ã¯ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãïœâãããããŒ
ã«ãïœâãã¿ããŒã«ãã€ãœãã¿ããŒã«ãïœâã¢ã
ã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãã€ãœã¢ãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãïœâãã
ãµããŒã«ãïœâãªã¯ã¿ããŒã«ãïŒâã¡ããã·ãšã¿
ããŒã«ãïŒâãšãããã·ãšã¿ããŒã«ãïŒâïŒã¡ã
ã«ã¢ããïŒãšã¿ããŒã«ãïŒâïŒã¡ãã«ããªïŒãšã¿
ããŒã«ããã³é¡äŒŒç©ãå«ãŸãããçæç©ã¯ããã
ã«ã«ã«ãããŒã«ãã¡ãã«ã»ããœã«ããã«ãŒãã¯ã
ã¯ã¹200ãã¡ãã«ã«ã«ãããŒã«ããžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãã«ãŒãã¯ãã¯
ã¹400ãã«ãŒãã¯ãã¯ã¹600ããã³é¡äŒŒç©ãçšããŠ
ãåŸãããã âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã
ãçæããåå¿ã«çšããããèèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®
éã¯äžè¬ã«ãæåã®åå¿ã«æå ¥ããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±
ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãåºæºã«ããŠã»ãçã¢ã«ããçŽ100ã¢
ã«ããŒã»ã³ãéå°ãŸã§ã®ç¯å²ã§ãããéå°éãé€
å»ãååããå¿ èŠãé¿ãããããã§ããéãçã¢
ã«éã«è¿ãéã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã䜿çšããã®ã奜ãŸã
ãã æ¬åå¿ã«é©åœãªè§Šåªãã·ã¢ã³åç©å¡©ãåºæºã«ã
ãŠã»ã0.01ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã奜ãŸããã¯
0.1ä¹è³1.0ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®éãåå¿æ··åç©ã«æ·»
å ãããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ã«ãã«ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
ãšã®åå¿ã®ããã®å ¬ç¥ã®è§Šåªã«ã¯éïŒïŒã¢ã»ã
ã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãããã³ãžã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã¹ãžã«ã«ãã
ã·ã¬ãŒãã®ãããªéå±ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒããªã
ã³ã«ãžããã«ã¹ãºãžã©ãŠã¬ãŒããå«ãŸããããã
ããã¯è¯å¥œãªãŠã¬ã¿ã³è§ŠåªãšããŠèªèãããŠã
ããæ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã«çšããŠé«åçã§ããªãã«ã«ã
ã¡ãŒããåŸãããããå¿ èŠãšãã觊åªéãå€ãã
ãã€ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žãšã¹ãã«ã«å¯ŸããŠã¢ã«å€
å°ããšã1.5ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãå¿ èŠã§ãããä»ã®è¯
奜ãªãŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåªãããšãã°å¡©å第ïŒéããªã¬ã€
ã³é žã«ãªãŠã ãç¡é žãã¹ãã¹ããã³ç¬¬ïŒçŽã¢ãã³
ã®ãããªãã®ã¯ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãåå¿ã«ã¯è²§è§Š
åªã§ããããããªãŠã ã¡ããã·ãã®ãããªåŒ·å¡©åº
ã¯è¯è§Šåªã§ã¯ããã倧éã®äžçŽç©ãå¯çããã®ã§
å®çšçã§ãªãã ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ããã³ãžã«ã³ã³é žãã
ã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãéïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒããŸã
ã¯ãžããã«ã¹ãºãžã©ãŠã¬ãŒãã®ããããããææ
ã«åªãã觊åªã§ããããšãèŠåºããããããã
ã¯ãäœæ¿åºŠã§ãç¹ã«ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒãã®ã¢ã«ã³
ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã«æ¯ïŒïŒïŒã§ããé«ãåçãšçŽåºŠ
ãšãäžããããããã€ãŠããããã®è§Šåªãç¹ã«ã
ã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã奜ãŸããã以äžã«èå¯ã
ãã奜ãŸããæ¹æ³ã¯æ¬¡ã®äžè¬åŒã§è¡šããããé²æ©
ãã觊åªã䜿çšããŠãªããã®ã§ããã åŒäžãR1ãR2ãR3ãR4ããã³R5ã¯åã ã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãããã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŸãã¯ãã®æ··åç©ããéžã°
ããïŒã¯å çŽ ã®åšæè¡šã®ïŒ¢ããŸãã¯ïŒ¢æ
ããéžã°ããéå±ãè¡šãããåïœã¯æŽæ°ïŒãŸãã¯
ïŒã§ãããn1ãn2ãn3ãn4ããã³n5ã®åãäžèšé
å±ã®åå䟡ã«çããã ãããã®äœ¿çšã«ããå®çŸãããå©ç¹ã¯(1)ã€ãœã
ãªãžã¢ã³é žãšã¹ãã«ã®ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®ã
ãé«ã転åçã(2)çæç©ã®ããé«ãçŽåºŠã(3)倧é
å°ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®ååã®å¿ èŠã®åæžã(4)åå¿æé
ã®ççž®ããã³(5)觊åªäœ¿çšéã®æžå°ã§ããã ãã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ããã°ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ãªã«ã¯ã觊åªéã®è§Šåªååç©ã®ååšäžãäžè¬ã«
ã¯åå¿æ··åç©ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãâã¢
ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã«è»¢åã
ãã®ã«å åãªæž©åºŠããã³æéãå ç±ããããšã«ã
ãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšåå¿ããã奜ãŸããã¯ããã®æž©åºŠ
ã¯ã»ã100âä¹è³120âã®ç¯å²ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«å¥œãŸãããã®ãšããŠäœ¿çšããã
ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã¯æ¬¡åŒã§è¡šãããããã
ãªãã®ã§ããã åŒäžããRâ²ããã³Râ³ã¯åã ã«æ°ŽçŽ ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ïŒä¹è³20åã®ççŽ ååïŒãã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«çœ®æã¢ãªãŒã«ããéžã°ããã ãã奜ãŸããå ·äœäŸã§ã¯ïŒ²ãRâ²ãããã³Râ³ã¯
åã ã«æ°ŽçŽ ããã³äœçŽïŒC1ä¹è³C4ïŒã¢ã«ãã«åº
ããéžã°ããç¹ã«å¥œãŸããå ·äœäŸã§ã¯ïŒ²ãRâ²ã
ããã³Râ³ã¯åã ã«æ°ŽçŽ ããã³ã¡ãã«ããéžã°ã
ããç¹ã«å¥œãŸããçš®ã®ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žãšã¹ãã«
ã¯ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããã³ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³
é žã¡ã¿ãªã«ã§ããã ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã¯æç®ã«é瀺ãããå ¬
ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠã調補ããããããšãã°ãµãŒã«
ã¹ïŒSearlesïŒãåè¡åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2462433ïŒãã³ãã
ïŒBentz et alïŒã西ãã€ãå ¬éæ现æžïŒGerman
Offen.ïŒ2711956ïŒãªãŒããºãïŒReeves et alïŒ
Synthetic Communications ïŒ(7)ã509ã514
ïŒ1976ïŒãåç §ãããŸãã¯ãæ¬ä»¶ã«èšèŒãããã
ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãšã®å
å¿ã«çžé移å觊åªãå©çšããé²æ©ããæ¹æ³ã«ãã€
ãŠèª¿è£œãããã äž»é¡ã®åå¿ãéå°ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã䜿çšããŠãã
ãšãã°ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã«
察ããã¢ã«æ¯ïŒïŒïŒã§è¡ãªãããŠããéïŒïŒã¢
ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãã«ããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãª
ã«ã®ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åçã¯ãããšãã°
åãæ¿åºŠã®ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã«ãããã®ã
ãææã«äœããããããé©ãã¹ãããšã«ã¯ãã€ãœ
ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã«æ¯
ïŒïŒïŒã§åå¿ãè¡ãªããããšããã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢
ã«ãã«è§Šåªã¯éïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒããã
èããé«ãããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åçã瀺ã
ã®ã§ããããã®äžããã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãã
ã³ãžã«ã³ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã¯çŽåºŠã®ææã«é«ã
ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããäžããå¯åå¿ã®æžå°ãŸãã¯
æ¶å€±ã瀺ããŠããããšãèŠåºããããæåŸã«ãã
ãªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®ããé«ã転åçãšãããªã
ã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®ããé«ãçŽåºŠãšããå ¬ç¥ã®è«žè§Šåª
ãããäœããã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãŸãã¯ãžã«ã³
ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«è§Šåªã®è§Šåªæ¿åºŠã§ãç¹ã«ã€ãœ
ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã«æ¯
ãçã¢ã«ã§ãããšãã«å®çŸãããããšãèŠåºãã
ããäžã«ç€ºããããã«ãå¹çã®å¢ãã觊åªã¯ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ã®éå°ãå¿ èŠãªããªããåŸã€ãŠã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
ååã®å¿ èŠããªããªã€ãŠãããã«ããå·¥çšãç°¡ç¥
åããããšããä»å çãªå©ç¹ãããããããã æ¬çºæã«æå¹ã«äœ¿çšããã觊åªååç©ã¯æ¬¡åŒã«
ãã€ãŠè¡šãããããã®ã§ããã ããã§R1ãR2ãR3ãR4ããã³R5ã¯åã ã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãããã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŸãã¯ãã®æ··åç©ããéžã°
ããïŒã¯å çŽ ã®åšæè¡šã®ïŒ¢ãããŸãã¯ïŒ¢
æã®éå±ã§ãããåïœã¯æŽæ°ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒã§ããã
n1ãn2ãn3ãn4ããã³n5ã®åãäžèšéå±ã®åå䟡
ã«çããã æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããå ·äœäŸã«ãããŠãïŒã¯åšæè¡š
ã®ïŒ¢æããéžã°ããéå±ã§ãããïœã®åã¯ïŒã§
ãããåºïŒ²ã¯ïŒä¹è³ïŒåã®ççŽ ååã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã§
ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸãã觊åªã«ã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«
ãã«ããžã«ã³ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãå«ãŸããäžã§
ããšããã奜ãŸãã觊åªã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ã
ã«ã§ããããã®äŸãšããŠãã¿ã³é žããã©ïœâãã
ã«ããã¿ã³é žããã©ã€ãœãããã«ããã³ãã¿ã³é ž
ããã©âïŒâãšãã«ããã·ã«ãå«ãŸããã 䜿çšãåŸãä»ã®è§Šåªã¯ïŒãã¹ã«ã³ãžãŠã ãã€ã
ããªãŠã ãã©ã³ã¿ã³ãããããŠã ããããžãŠã ã
ããªããŠã ããã³ã¿ã³ã¿ã«ã§ããããã€ïœã®åã
ïŒä¹è³ïŒã®å€ãæãããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«æçšãªã
ã®ã¯éå±ãããªããŠã ããããžãŠã ãããã³ã©ã³
ã¿ã³ã§ãããã®ãããšãã°ãããªããŠã ããšãã
ã·ããã©ã³ã¿ã³ã€ãœããããã·ãããã³ãããžã«
ïœâããã¬ãŒãã§ããã ãããã®è§Šåªã¯æ¬ä»¶åå¿äžã§ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³
é žãšã¹ãã«ãåºæºã«ããŠãã»ã0.1ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ã
ãŒã»ã³ãã®ç¯å²ã§äœ¿çšãåŸãã奜ãŸããã¯è§Šåª
ã¯ãåäžåºæºã§ãã»ãŒ0.1ä¹è³1.0ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ã
ã®éã§äœ¿çšãããã æ¬çºæã¯ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšèèªå±ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ã«ããâã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«
ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã®æ¹è¯ã«é¢ããã
ã®ã§ããåŸããããŸããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«
ã®çµŠæºã¯éèŠã§ã¯ãªãããâã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«
ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®è£œé ããæåã«ããã²
ã³åã¢ãªã«ãšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯
ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãšã®ãçžé移å觊åªã®
圱é¿äžã«ãããåå¿ã«ããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãª
ã«ã補é ãããäžè²«è£œæ³ã«ããè¡ãããããšãæ
ãŸããããã®çµå補æ³ã䜿çšããããšãçæãã
ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã¯ä¹Ÿç¥ããçè·¡éã®æ°Žã
å ±æ²žèžæºããŠãæ¬ä»¶ã«èšèŒãããšãããã€ãœããª
ã·ã¢ã³é žãšã¹ãã«ãåé¢ããããšãªããããã«è
èªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ããã³æ¬çºæã®æ¹è¯è§Šåªã奜ãŸã
ãã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãŸãã¯ãžã«ã³ã³é žã
ãã©ã¢ã«ãã«è§Šåªãæ·»å ããŠåå¿ãç¶ããããšã
ã§ãããã€ãã§ããã®åå¿æ··åç©ãäžè¬çã«ã¯
ã»ã100âä¹è³120âã«ã奜ãŸããã¯110âä¹è³120
âã«ïŒä¹è³ïŒæéå ç±ãããåå¿ã®å®äºåŸãæªå
å¿ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãããã°ç空äžã§é€å»ããã äž¡åå¿å€ãããªãã¡ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«
ãšèèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®æ°Žåå«éã¯è§Šåªã®å æ°Žå
解ãé¿ãããããã§ããéãäœããã¹ãã§ããã
äžè¬ã«ã¯åå¿æ··åç©äžã®æ°Žåååšéã¯çŽ0.25ïŒ ä»¥
äžã§ããã¹ãã§ããã äžè¬ã«ã¯å€§éã®äžçŽç©ãçæããªãéããããª
ãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®åŠ¥åœãªåçãäžããã©ã®ãããª
觊åªã䜿çšã§ãããã®ãããªè§Šåªãæ¬ä»¶ã§ã¯ã䟿
å®äžãäŒçµ±çã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³è£œé ã«äœ¿çšãããå šãŠã®
觊åªããã®å®çŸ©ã«å ¥ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããšããç解ã®
ããšã«ãäžæ¬ããŠâãŠã¬ã¿ã³è§ŠåªâãšåŒãã§ã
ããæ¬çºæã«æçšãªãã®é¡ã®è§Šåªã®ç¹ã«å žåçãª
ãã®ã«ã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ããžã«ã³ã³é žã
ãã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãéå±ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãããã³
ãžã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ãºã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããå«ãŸãããã
ããã«éããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã奜ãŸãã觊åªã«ã¯
éïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãããžããã«ã¹ãºãž
ã©ãŠã¬ãŒãããã³ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãå«ãŸ
ããã æ¬çºæã«æçšãªãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã¯åŒ ïŒROïŒ4Ti ã«ãã€ãŠè¡šãããããåŒäžïŒ²ã¯ïŒä¹è³20åã®ççŽ
ååããã€ã¢ã«ãã«åºãŸãã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§ããã
åºïŒ²ã¯åäžã§ãã€ãŠãç°ãªã€ãŠããŠãããããã¿
ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã®å¥œãŸããé¡ã¯ïŒ²ãïŒä¹è³10
åã®ççŽ ååã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã§ãããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«
奜ãŸãããã®ã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ããã«ããã¿ã³é ž
ããã©ã€ãœãããã«ããã¿ã³é žããã©âïŒâãšã
ã«ããã·ã«ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã¯ä»¥äžã®å®æœäŸã«ããããã«èšè¿°
ãã説æããããã以äžã®å®æœäŸã¯æ±ºããŠæ¬çºæ
ã®ç¯å²ãéå®ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªã説æã®ç®çã§æºå
ããããã®ã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒ
ãã®è£œé åå¿éã«æ°Ž1100ã¬ãã³ãè£ å ¥ãã50ïŒ æ°Žé žåã
ããªãŠã 溶液ã§PHã12以äžã«ãããã€ãã§ãã·ã¢
ã³åãããªãŠã ïŒ4900ãã³ãã100ãã³ããŒã¢ã«ïŒ
ããã³å¡©åãªã¯ãã«ãã·ã«ãžã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã
ïŒãã«ã¿ãã¯2050ã160ãã³ãã0.24ãã³ããŒã¢
ã«ïŒãåå¿éã«æ·»å ãããæ¹æããŠæž©åºŠãçŽ60â
ã«ä¿ã¡ãªããã€ãªãŠïŒ3225ãã³ãã100.8ãã³ã
ãŒã¢ã«ïŒãæ·»å ãããå šãŠã®ã€ãªãŠãæ·»å ããã®
ã¡ãåå¿æ··åç©ã30åéæ¹æããã€ãã§40âã«å·
åŽããããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã«å¡©åã¢ãªã«ïŒ8420ãã³
ãã110ãã³ããŒã¢ã«ïŒãæ¥éã«æ·»å ããã€ãã§ã
枩床ãäžããŠåå¿æ··åç©ãéæµç¶æ ã«ããã枩床
ã85âã«éããããªã·ã¢ã³é žãšã¹ãã«ã®å«éã
0.5ïŒ ä»¥äžã«ãªããŸã§å ç±ãç¶ããããã®åå¿æ··
åç©ã«æ°ŽïŒ1500ã¬ãã³ïŒãæ·»å ãããã®æ··åç©ã
çŽ20åéæ¹æãããæ°Žçžãææ©çžããé¢è±ããã
æ°Žçžãé€å»ãããã€ãã§ææ©çžãç空äžïŒ22in.
HgïŒã§æž©åºŠã100âã«éãããŸã§å ç±ããŠæ®çºæ§
æåãé€å»ããïŒåçž®ç©107ã¬ãã³ãéããã
ãïŒãæ®ççæç©ã®åæå€ã¯æ°Žå0.05ïŒ ä»¥äžãã€
ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®æ¯
ïŒïŒïŒä»¥äžã瀺ããŠããã ãã®ååã80âã«å·åŽããç空ãç ŽãïŒçªçŽ
ã§ïŒãã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ïŒæ°Žå0.15ïŒ ä»¥äžã
7413ãã³ãâã¢ã«ïŒããã³ãã¿ã³é žããã©âïœâ
ããã«60ãã³ãïŒ0.18ãã³ãâã¢ã«ïŒãæ·»å ãã
ãã®åå¿æ··åç©ãæ¹æããªããã110âãŸã§ç±ãã
ãã®æž©åºŠã§8.5æéæ¹æããã転åçã¯96ïŒ ã§ã
ã€ããã€ãã§ç空ã«ããŠéå°ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãé€å»
ãããçŽåºŠ84ïŒ ãæããâã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœã
ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã14.496ãã³ãïŒåç83.6
ïŒ ïŒãåŸãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¡ã¿ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡
ãŒãã®è£œé ã·ã¢ã³åãããªãŠã 37.2ã°ã©ã ïŒçŽåºŠ98.6ïŒ ãš
ããŠ0.75ã¢ã«ïŒãèåããã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã 0.6ã°ã©ã ããã³æ°Ž70mlã®æº¶æ¶²ã«ã€ãªãŠ
24.2ã°ã©ã ïŒ0.755ã¢ã«ïŒãå°éãã€ã30åãã
ãŠæ·»å ããã枩床ã¯100ã110âã«äžæãããçæ
ããããªã·ã¢ã³é žãããªã ã®æº¶æ¶²ã40âã«å·åŽã
å¡©åã¡ã¿ãªã«84.7mlïŒçŽåºŠ95ïŒ ãšããŠ0.825ã¢ã«ïŒ
ã10ã15åãããŠæ·»å ãã€ãã§ãã®åå¿æ··åç©ã
ãã ãããªéæµç¶æ ã«ããã枩床ã¯ïŒä¹è³ïŒæé
ã®éã«97âãŸã§äžæãããæ°ŽïŒ55mlïŒãæ·»å ããŠ
å¡©åãããªãŠã ã溶解ããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã宀枩ã«
å·åŽãããäºå±€ãåé¢ãéå°ã®å¡©åã¡ã¿ãªã«ãšç
è·¡éã®æ°Žãšã¯ææ©çžããç空äžïŒ22in.HgïŒã§é
ã®æž©åºŠã105âã«ãªããŸã§ç±ããŠé€å»ãããæ®ç
ããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¡ã¿ãªã«ã«ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ïŒ70.7mlã0.75ã¢ã«ïŒããã³ãã¿ã³é žãã
ã©âïœâããã«ïŒ0.3ã°ã©ã ïŒãæ·»å ããã®åå¿
æ··åç©ãçªçŽ äžã§110âã«ç±ããŠåŠçããã100â
ã§ïŒæéå ç±ããåŸ83.4ïŒ ã®çŽåºŠã§96.4ïŒ ã®è»¢å
çãåŸããããæªåå¿ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã¯
ç空ïŒ22in.HgïŒäž110âãã§é€å»ãçŽåºŠ89.8ïŒ ã
æããâã¡ã¿ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«
ãã¡ãŒã125.8ã°ã©ã ïŒNaCNãåºæºã«ããŠ89.8
ïŒ ïŒãåŸãããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã¡ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®
補é æ°Ž70mlãã·ã¢ã³åãããªãŠã 38.25ã°ã©ã
ïŒ0.765ã¢ã«ïŒããã³èåããã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³
ã¢ããŠã 0.15ã°ã©ã ïŒ0.00046ã¢ã«ïŒã®æº¶æ¶²ãæ¹
æããªããã€ãªãŠ24.65ã°ã©ã ã10åãããŠå°é
ã¥ã€å ã枩床ãéæµæž©åºŠã«ãããããã®æº¶æ¶²ã¯40
â以äžã«å·åŽã57.37ã°ã©ã ïŒ0.75ã¢ã«ïŒã®å¡©å
ã¢ãªã«ã20åãããŠæ·»å ããããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã
ãã ãããªéæµç¶æ ã«å ç±ãããïŒæéã®éã«æž©
床ã100âã«äžæããã宀枩ã«å·åŽããã®ã¡75ml
ã®æ°Žãæ·»å ããæ°Žçžãææ©çžããåé¢ãããææ©
çžãç空ïŒ20in.HgïŒäžæž©åºŠ100âã«å ç±ããŠå¡©
åã¢ãªã«ããã³çè·¡ã®æ°Žãé€å»ãããå·åŽåŸã¡ã¿
ããŒã«100mlïŒ2.47ã¢ã«ïŒããã³éïŒïŒã¢ã»ã
ã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãïŒã°ã©ã ïŒ0.011ã¢ã«ïŒãæ·»å ã
ãã®æ··åç©ã13æééæµããïŒ70âïŒãéå°ã®ã¡
ã¿ããŒã«ãçå»ããâã¢ãªã«ââã¡ãã«ããª
ãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã85ã°ã©ã ïŒ86.5ïŒ ïŒãåŸãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââïœâãããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡
ãŒãã®è£œé ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ã®ãããã«ïœâãããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
ã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒã®æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãã105
âã§5.5æééæµããåŸåæ§ã®åçã®ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«
ââïœâãããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããåŸãã
ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒ
ãã®è£œé ã·ã¢ã³åãããªã 745.6ã°ã©ã ïŒ15ã¢ã«ïŒãã
ã³èåããã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 12ã°ã©ã
ïŒ0.037ã¢ã«ïŒã1400mlã®æ°Žã«æº¶è§£ãã溶液ã«ã€ãª
ãŠ48.33ã°ã©ã ïŒ15.08ã¢ã«ïŒãå°éã¥ã€30ã40å
ãããŠæ·»å ããã枩床ã¯113âã«äžæããã30å
éæ¹æããåŸæº¶æ¶²ã40â以äžã«å·åŽãããå¡©åã¢
ãªã«ïŒ1263ã°ã©ã ã16.5ã¢ã«ïŒã15ã20åãããŠ
æ·»å ãããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã3.5æééæµãã枩床
ã¯90âã«éããããã®æç¹ã§99ïŒïŒ ã®è»¢åçãåŸ
ããããæ°ŽïŒ1100mlïŒãå ããã®æ··åç©ã40âã«
å·åŽãããæ°Žçžãææ©çžããåé¢ãç空ïŒ22in.
HgïŒäžã§ã枩床100âãŸã§å ç±ããŠéå°ã®å¡©åã¢
ãªã«ããã³çè·¡éã®æ°Žãé€å»ããããã®æç¹ã«ã
ããæ°Žã®å«éã¯0.02ïŒ ã§ãã€ããã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ïŒ1136ã°ã©ã ã15ã¢ã«ïŒããã³ãã¿ã³é žã
ãã©âïœâããã«ïŒïŒã°ã©ã ã0.026ã¢ã«ïŒãæ·»
å ããã®æ··åç©ã110âã§6.5æéå ç±ããã転å
çã¯96.1ïŒ ã§ãã€ããæªåå¿ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³
ãŒã«ãé€å»ããçŽåºŠ87ïŒ ãæããâã¢ãªã«â
âã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã2280ã°ã©ã ïŒå
ç87.9ïŒ ïŒãåŸãããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒ
ãã®è£œé ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã¢ã«ããã1.2ã°ã©
ã ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã âãããã·ããã¿ããŒã«é¯äœ ïŒïœâC4âH9OâïŒ4Zrã»C4H9OH ã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒã®æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãã110
âã§ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ã«ãã3.5
æéåŸã«96.7ïŒ ã®è»¢åçã5.5æéã«98.4ïŒ ã®è»¢å
çã§çŽåºŠ86.6ïŒ ã®ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ã
ãªãã¢ã«ãã¡ãŒããåŸãããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«0.25ã¢ã«ããã³ã€ãœã
ãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«0.5ã¢ã«ã®æ··åç©ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢
ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã¢ã«ããã0.4ã°ã©ã ã®(a)ãã¿ã³é ž
ããã©âïœâããã«ããã³(b)éïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢
ã»ãããŒãã®ååšäžçªçŽ äžã§110âã«å ç±ããã
åå¿ã远跡ãâã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªã
ã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢å100åçãã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°
ã©ãã€ãŒã§æž¬å®ããçµæã¯è¡šã«ç€ºãã
ã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã補é
ããããã®ç°¡åãã€å¹ççãªæ¹æ³ã«é¢ãããã®ã§
ããã æ¬çºæã®èæ¯ èèªæã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãŸãã¯ã±ãã³ã®ãããªå«é žçŽ
ææ©æº¶åªäžã§ã®æŽ»æ§ææ©ããã²ã³åç©ãã€ãªãŠã
ãã³ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ã®åå¿ã«ããææ©ã€
ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒãé¡ããã³ããªã·ã¢ããŒãé¡ã®è£œ
é ã¯ãµãŒã«ã¹ïŒSearlesïŒã®åè¡åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2462433
å·ãšããŠå ±åãããŠããããµãŒã«ã¹ã®æ¹æ³ã¯æ¬¡ã®
ãããªå¹Ÿã€ãã®æ¬ é¥ã«æ©ãã§ãã ïŒ ææ©åå¿æ··åç©ããã®å¡©ã®é€å»ã ïŒ çæç©ããã®æº¶åªã®é€å»ãããã³ ïŒ å¯çææ©ããªã·ã¢ããŒãããã®ç®çææ©ã€ãœ
ããªã·ã¢ããŒãã®èžæºã ãµãŒã«ã¹æ³ã«ãããŠã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ç³»æº¶åªã䜿çšã
ãéã«ã¯ææ©ã€ãœãããªã·ã¢ããŒãã®çæã«ç¶ã
ãŠå¡©ã¯é€å»ãããã次ãã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ã«
ãããŠããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®åçãäœãããã ãã®åŸã®ãææ©ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒããšèèªå±ã¢
ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®ãéïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒããŸ
ãã¯ãžããã«ã¹ãºã·ã©ãŠã¬ãŒãã®ãããªé©åœãªåª
溶ã®åœ±é¿äžã«ãããåå¿ã¯å ¬ç¥ã§ãããã€ã¯ã¯ã©
ãã«ãã€ãŠèšè¿°ãããŠãããCon.J.Chem.40
2369ã2375ïŒ1962ïŒãã ãªãŒãã¹ïŒReevesïŒããSynthetic
Communications ïŒ(7)ïŒïŒã509ã514ïŒ1976ïŒã
ã¯çžé移å觊åªïŒããã²ã³å第ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ïŒãŸãã¯ïœâããã«ã¢ãã³ãããã¯ããªâïœâ
ããã«ã¢ãã³ã®åœ±é¿äžã§ã®ããã²ã³åã¢ã«ãã«ãš
ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã«ãªãŠã 氎溶液ãšã®åå¿ãããªã·ã¢
ã³é žã¢ã«ãã«ãäžããããšãé瀺ããŠããããã
ã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ã䜿çšãããã°ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«
ãšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšã®æ··åç©ãåŸããã
ç®çã®ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãååããã«ã¯èž
çãå¿ èŠã§ããã äžè¬ã«ãå è¡æè¡ã®è£œæ³ã«ã¯å€ãã®æ¬ ç¹ãã
ãããã®äžã«ã¯åå¿æº¶åªãç®çå€çæç©ã®é€å»ã®
è€éããäžçšåºŠããã³æšæºä»¥äžã®ãããã ããå
çã®çåãªã©ãå«ãŸãããå è¡æè¡ã®ãã®ãããª
æ¬ é¥ã¯ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡
ãŒãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ãæäŸããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠ
å æããããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯ (a) çžé移å觊åªã®ååšäžãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³
åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã€ãªãŠãã
ãã³ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãåå¿æº¶åªãšããŠã®æ°Žã®
äžã§åå¿ãããŠã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãå«ã
ææ©çžãšæ°Žçžãšãããªãåå¿æ··åç©ãçæãã (b) äžèšæ°Žçžãäžèšææ©çžããåé¢ãã (c) äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåª
ã®ååšäžãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšåå¿ãããŠïŒ®âã¢ãªã«
ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããçãã è«žå·¥çšãããªã€ãŠããã æ¬çºæã¯å è¡æè¡ã®é瀺ããæ¹æ³ã®äžã«æ¬¡ã®ã
ããªå€ãã®é²æ©ãããããããå³ã¡ã(1)ã€ãœããª
ã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«è£œé ã®æº¶åªãšããŠæ°Žãçšããã(2)
çžé移å觊åªã®äœ¿çšã«ãããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·
ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããã®
å Žã§å®¹æã«äœããããããããã«ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³
é žã¢ãªã«ãèžçå·¥çšãªãã§é«åçã§äžããã(3)å
å¿äžã«çæããå¡©ã容æã«é€å»ãããã(4)ã€ãœã
ãªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãã調補ããåå¿å®¹åšããåé¢
ããå¿ èŠããªããããã ãããå¬æ¶ã¬ã¹åæ±ãã®
å¿ èŠããªããªã€ãŠããã(5)âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«
ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®è£œé ããã€ãœã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ãªã«ã«èèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãæ·»å ããããšã«ã
ãããŸããé©åœãªè§Šåªã®åœ±é¿äžã§ã®åå¿ã«ããã
容æã«é«åçã§è¡ãªããããæ¬ä»¶è£œæ³ã®ãã®ãã
ãªè«žå©ç¹ã¯ä»¥äžã®è©³çŽ°ãªé瀺ã«ãããããæãã
ã«ãªãã§ãããã æ¬çºæã®è©³çŽ°ãªèšè¿° åºé¡äººã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢
ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãçžé移å觊åª
ïŒPTCïŒã®ååšäžãå°éå°ã®ã€ãªãŠãšåå¿ãããŠ
ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãåŸãã€ãã§ãããããã
ã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãŸãã¯çœ®æããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãšåå¿
ãããéæµäžã«å ç±ããŠã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«
ãŸãã¯çœ®æã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããã³å¡©ã®æ°Ž
溶液ãçæããæ¹æ³ãçºèŠããããã®äºçžã¯åé¢
ãããã€ãã§ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãŸãã¯çœ®æ
ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãé©åœãªè§Šåªã®ååšäžã
ææž©äžã§èèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšåå¿ãããŠç®ççæ
ç©ãåŸãã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã®åå¿å·¥çšã¯äžèšã«ç€ºãããã ããã§ïŒã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãŸãã¯NH4 +ãè¡šã
ããã¯ããã²ã³ååãè¡šããããRâ²ãRâ³ã¯
æ°ŽçŽ ãã¢ã«ãã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«ã§ããã¯ã¢ã«
ãã«ã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã¯ããRâ²ããã³
Râ³ãã¢ã«ãã«ã§ããããã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãïŒä¹è³
ïŒåã®ççŽ ååã®äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«ã§ããããã€ã
ãïŒä¹è³ïŒåã®ççŽ ååã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã§ããå Žå
ã«ç¹ã«å¥œé©ã§ããã æ¬ä»¶è£œæ³ã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã¯çžé移å觊åªã®ååšäžã
ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ã
ãŠã ãã€ãªãŠããã³ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãåå¿æº¶åª
ãšããŠã®æ°Žã®äžã§åå¿ãããŠãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ãªã«ãå«ãææ©çžãšæ°Žçžãšãããªãåå¿æ··åç©
ãäœãããšãããªãããã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã®äŒç»ã¯çš®ã
ã®æè¡ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªããã奜ãŸããã¯æ¬¡ã®èšèŒé ç®
ã«ãã€ãŠæ§æãããã (a) äžèšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³å
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·
ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãåºæºã«
ããŠãã»ã0.05ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®éã®äž
èšçžé移å觊åªã®ååšã«ãããŠãååŠéè«çé
ã®çŽ0.5ä¹è³çŽ1.0ããŒã»ã³ãéå°ã®äžèšã€ãªãŠ
ãæ·»å ããããšã«ããäžèšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·
ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Ž
溶液ã圢æãã (b) ãã®ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ã®æº¶æ¶²ã«ã40â以äžã®æž©
床ã§äžèšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³
åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãåºæºã«ããŠã¢ã«æ¯çŽ1.0ä¹è³
1.1ã®ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãæ·»å ãã (c) çæããåå¿æ··åç©ãéæµäžã§ã€ãœããªã·ã¢
ã³é žã¢ãªã«å¯Ÿããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®æ¯ãå°ããš
ã8.5ïŒïŒã«éããã®ã«ååãªæéå ç±ããã ã€ãªãŠãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãšåå¿ããã
ãšçºç±ãèŠãããïŒã·ã¢ã³åãããªãŠã ãšã®åå¿
ã§16ã18KcalïŒmolïŒããã®åå¿ã«ãããŠã¯ãã¢
ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã 35ä¹è³40ããŒã»ã³ããå«ã氎溶液ãäœãããã
ã«çžé移å觊åªãæ·»å ããã€ãã§ååŠéè«çã«å°
éå°ã®ã€ãªãŠãå°éãã€æ·»å ããã çžé移å觊åªã¯å€ãã®èŠªè©²çœ®æåå¿ã«çšããã
ãŠæ¥ãããã®æè¡ã¯ãææ©çžã§åå¿ãåŸã芪該ã¢
ããªã³ãæ°Žçžããææ©çžã«ç§»åãããäœçšããã
ææ©ã«ããªã³çš®ã®äœ¿çšãå å«ããã çè«äžã¯ã©ã®ãããªçžé移å觊åªã§ãæ¬çºæã®
å®æœã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯çžé移
å觊åªã¯ããã²ã³åããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã
ããã³ããã²ã³åããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ããªã¹ããªããŠ
ã ã§ãããæçšãªååç©ã¯ãåºããšãã°ãã¢ã«ã
ã«åºãïŒä¹è³20ççŽ ååãå«æããç·ççŽ éãçŽ
40ççŽ ååãŸã§ã®ãã®ã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ã¢ã«ã
ã«åºãïŒä¹è³10åã®ççŽ ååãå«æããç·ççŽ é
ãçŽ16ä¹è³çŽ22ççŽ ååã§ãããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«
奜ãŸããçš®ã¯å¡©åããã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ããã³å¡©åãªã¯ãã«ãã·ã«ãžã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ã§ãããä»ã®æçšãªè§Šåªã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ãå«ãŸã
ãããããã«éãããªããå¡©åã¿ããŠããªã¡ãã«
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãå¡©åããã·ã«ããªã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ã
ãŠã ãå¡©åãžã¿ããŠãžã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãå¡©å
ãããµãã·ã«ããªã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãå¡©åãžã³
ã³ãžã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããã³é¡äŒŒåã äžè¬ã«ã¯çžé移å觊åªã¯æ¬ä»¶è£œæ³ã«ãããŠãã¢
ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ãåºæºã«ããŠçŽ0.05ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®é
ã§äœ¿çšãããã奜ãŸããã¯è§Šåªäœ¿çšéã¯0.1ä¹è³
çŽ1.0ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã§ããã ã€ãªãŠã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³
åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ããã³çžé移å觊åªã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ã
æéããããŠãæŸçœ®ããã°çŽ110âãŸã§æ¥éã«äž
ã€ãŠããŸã枩床ãã»ã60ã80âã®ç¯å²ã«ä¿ã€ãã
å€éšå·åŽããªããå°éãã€æ·»å ãããã€ãåå¿ã®
å®äºåŸæ°Žçžã®ã·ã¢ã³åç©å«éãäœãããšãä¿èšŒã
ãããã«ã奜ãŸããã¯ååŠéè«çã«å¿ èŠãªéãã
å°éå°ã®ã€ãªãŠã䜿çšãããäžè¬ã«ã¯0.5ä¹è³1.0
ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®éå°ãã¢ããå¡©ã«äœ¿çšããã°å
åã§ãããçŽïŒããŒã»ã³ã以äžã®éå°ã䜿çšãã
ãšç¶ãåå¿ã«ãããŠäºçžãåé¢ããéã«å°é£ã«é
éããã ã€ãªãŠã®æ·»å ã«ç¶ããŠããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©æº¶æ¶²ãé©
åœãªæž©åºŠãããšãã°40âã«å·åŽããããã²ã³åã¢
ãªã«ãŸãã¯çœ®æããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãæ¥éã«æ·»å ã
ããããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ã¯åççãªãã°ãããªãé
ã§ã䜿çšãåŸããããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ïŒã¢ã«ãããçŽ
1.0ä¹è³1.1ã¢ã«ã®ç¯å²ã®éã䜿ãããšãæãŸã
ããããã«æãŸãã¯1.05ä¹è³1.1ã¢ã«ã§ãããã
ãã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ã®å°éå°ãåçãé«ããåå¿æé
ãççž®ããããšãèªããããã æ¬çºæã¯ç¹ã«ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«âããã³ïŒ®âã¡ã¿ãªã«
ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã«é¢ããŠèª¬æ
ããããæ¬çºæã¯ä»ã®åçš®ã®ã¢ãªã«ååç©ã«ãé©
çšå¯èœãšç解ãããã¹ãã§ãããããšãã°åŒ åŒäžããRâ²ããã³Râ³ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ãC1ãC4ã¢ã«ã
ã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«ãããšãã°ïŒ®âã¯ããã«ããã³
âã·ã³ããã«ã§ããã ã§è¡šããããC1ãC4ã¢ã«ãã«çœ®æã¢ãªã«ããã³
ã¢ãªãŒã«çœ®æã¢ãªã«èªå°äœã®ãããªçœ®æã¢ãªã«å
åç©ãå«ãŸããããããã«éããããã®ã§ã¯ãª
ããããã²ã³éšåãClãBrãŸãã¯ïŒ©ã§ãããã
ã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ã¯å¥œãŸããåå¿å€ã§ãããç¹ã«å¡©å
ç©ãæãŸããã䜿çšãåŸãä»ã®ååç©ã«ã¯ãã·ã¬
ãŒãããã³ã¡ã·ã¬ãŒããŸãä»ã®å®¹æã«é¢è±ããã
ããªãåºãå«ãŸããããã®ãããªååç©ã«ã¯å¡©å
ã¢ãªã«ãèåã¢ãªã«ããšãŒåã¢ãªã«ãå¡©åã¡ã¿ãª
ã«ãèåã¡ã¿ãªã«ããšãŒåã¡ã¿ãªã«ãã¢ãªã«ã·ã¬
ãŒããã¢ãªã«ã·ã¬ãŒããã¡ã¿ãªã«ãã·ã¬ãŒããã¡
ã¿ãªã«ã¡ã·ã¬ãŒãããã³é¡äŒŒç©ãå«ãŸããã ãã®åå¿æ··åç©ã次ãã§é€ã ã«éæµæž©åºŠïŒ90ã
95âïŒã«å ç±ãããã ãããªéæµãçŽïŒä¹è³ïŒæ
éç¶æãããçæããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
å¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã åå¿æ··åç©ã¯
ææ©çžãšæ°Žçžãšãããªãããã®æ··åç©ã¯ã奜ãŸã
ãã¯çŽ50ããŒã»ã³ãã®æ¿åºŠã®ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãæ
ããã æ¬ä»¶è£œæ³ã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã¯ææ©çžããæ°Žçžãåé¢ã
ãããšãããªãããã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã®äŒç»ã¯çš®ã ã®æ
è¡ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªããã奜ãŸããã¯æ¬¡ããšèšèŒé ç®ã«
ãã€ãŠæ§æãããã (a) åå¿æ··åç©ã«æ°Žãæ·»å ããŠåå¿äžã«çæãã
å¡©ã溶解ããã (b) æ°Žçžãææ©çžããåé¢ããã (c) æªåå¿ã®ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ããã³çè·¡éã®æ°Ž
ãé€å»ããã®ã«ååãªæéã枩床ãããã³ç空
ã§ææ©çžãå ç±ããæªåå¿ã®ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«
ããã³çè·¡éã®æ°Žãäžèšææ©çžããé€å»ããã ç¶ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšèèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒ
ã«ãšã®åå¿ã«ãããæ°Žã®å«éãããã®åå¿ã«äœ¿çš
ããã¹ã觊åªã®å æ°Žå解ã®åé¡ãé¿ããããã«ã§
ããéãäœãããããšãéèŠã§ãããäžè¬ã«ãã
ã®åå¿ã®æ°Žåå«éã¯çŽ0.25ïŒ ä»¥äžã§ããã¹ãã§ã
ããåŸã€ãŠã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããã®æ®çæ°Ž
åãã§ããéãé€å»ããããšãæãŸããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒæ®µéã¯äžèšã«ããçæããã€ãœã
ãªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåªã®ååšäžã¢ã«ã³
ãŒã«ãšåå¿ãããŠïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããª
ãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããçæããããšã«ãããªãããã®
第ïŒæ®µéã®äŒç»ã¯çš®ã ã®æè¡ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã§ãããã奜
ãŸããã¯æ¬¡ãã®èšèŒé ç®ã«ããæ§æãããã (a) äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãå«æããäžèš
ææ©çžã«äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãåºæºã«
ããŠã¢ã«æ¯çŽïŒä¹è³çŽïŒã®çŽéãŸãã¯åæéã®
第ïŒã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ããã³äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢
ãªã«ãåºæºã«ããŠçŽ0.1ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ã
ã®ãŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåªãæ·»å ãã (b) äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãâã¢ãªã«â
âã¢ã«ãã«ããªã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã«å€æããã®ã«
ååãªæž©åºŠã«ååãªæéå ç±ããã äžè¬ã«ã¯ãŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåªã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ã
ã«ããžã«ã³ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãéå±ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢
ã»ãããŒãããã³ãžã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ãºãžã«ã«ããã·ã¬
ãŒãããéžã¶ã®ã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®ç¹å¥ãªå©ç¹ã¯ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«
ãçæããåå¿å®¹åšããåé¢ããå¿ èŠããªãããš
ã«ããããããã€ãŠèèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã¯åã«é©åœ
ãªè§Šåªãšãšãã«æ·»å ããã ãã§ãããã€ãã§åå¿
æ··åç©ããâã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«
ãã¡ãŒãã®åœ¢æãå®äºããã®ã«ååãªæž©åºŠããã³
æéå ç±ãããäžè¬ã«ã¯ã»ã100âä¹è³120âã®æž©
床ãé©åœã§ãããã»ã110âä¹è³120âã奜ãŸã
ããäžè¬ã«ã¯ãã®æž©åºŠã«çŽïŒä¹è³ïŒæéå ç±ãã
ã°ååã§ãããéå°ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãããã°ã奜ãŸ
ããã¯ç空ãå©çšããŠé€å»ãã85ïŒ ãè¶ ããåç
ã®çæç©ãçµéšãããŠããã ç®çã®æçµçæç©ã«å¿ããŠåçš®ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã
䜿çšããåŸããæ¬ä»¶è£œæ³ã¯ç¹ã«C1ä¹è³C3ã®çŽé
ãŸãã¯åæã®èèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«å¥œãŸããã¯C1ä¹
è³C5ã®ç¬¬ïŒã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãç¹ã«C3ããã³C4ã®ç¬¬ïŒ
ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã«é©åã§ãããèèªå±éã¯ââãâ
âãŸãã¯âNHâã®ãããªãããååã«ãã€ãŠ
äžæãããŠããŠãããããã®ãããªã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®
äŸã«ã¯ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãïœâãããããŒ
ã«ãïœâãã¿ããŒã«ãã€ãœãã¿ããŒã«ãïœâã¢ã
ã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãã€ãœã¢ãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãïœâãã
ãµããŒã«ãïœâãªã¯ã¿ããŒã«ãïŒâã¡ããã·ãšã¿
ããŒã«ãïŒâãšãããã·ãšã¿ããŒã«ãïŒâïŒã¡ã
ã«ã¢ããïŒãšã¿ããŒã«ãïŒâïŒã¡ãã«ããªïŒãšã¿
ããŒã«ããã³é¡äŒŒç©ãå«ãŸãããçæç©ã¯ããã
ã«ã«ã«ãããŒã«ãã¡ãã«ã»ããœã«ããã«ãŒãã¯ã
ã¯ã¹200ãã¡ãã«ã«ã«ãããŒã«ããžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãã«ãŒãã¯ãã¯
ã¹400ãã«ãŒãã¯ãã¯ã¹600ããã³é¡äŒŒç©ãçšããŠ
ãåŸãããã âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã
ãçæããåå¿ã«çšããããèèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®
éã¯äžè¬ã«ãæåã®åå¿ã«æå ¥ããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±
ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãåºæºã«ããŠã»ãçã¢ã«ããçŽ100ã¢
ã«ããŒã»ã³ãéå°ãŸã§ã®ç¯å²ã§ãããéå°éãé€
å»ãååããå¿ èŠãé¿ãããããã§ããéãçã¢
ã«éã«è¿ãéã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã䜿çšããã®ã奜ãŸã
ãã æ¬åå¿ã«é©åœãªè§Šåªãã·ã¢ã³åç©å¡©ãåºæºã«ã
ãŠã»ã0.01ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã奜ãŸããã¯
0.1ä¹è³1.0ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®éãåå¿æ··åç©ã«æ·»
å ãããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ã«ãã«ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
ãšã®åå¿ã®ããã®å ¬ç¥ã®è§Šåªã«ã¯éïŒïŒã¢ã»ã
ã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãããã³ãžã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã¹ãžã«ã«ãã
ã·ã¬ãŒãã®ãããªéå±ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒããªã
ã³ã«ãžããã«ã¹ãºãžã©ãŠã¬ãŒããå«ãŸããããã
ããã¯è¯å¥œãªãŠã¬ã¿ã³è§ŠåªãšããŠèªèãããŠã
ããæ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã«çšããŠé«åçã§ããªãã«ã«ã
ã¡ãŒããåŸãããããå¿ èŠãšãã觊åªéãå€ãã
ãã€ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žãšã¹ãã«ã«å¯ŸããŠã¢ã«å€
å°ããšã1.5ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãå¿ èŠã§ãããä»ã®è¯
奜ãªãŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåªãããšãã°å¡©å第ïŒéããªã¬ã€
ã³é žã«ãªãŠã ãç¡é žãã¹ãã¹ããã³ç¬¬ïŒçŽã¢ãã³
ã®ãããªãã®ã¯ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãåå¿ã«ã¯è²§è§Š
åªã§ããããããªãŠã ã¡ããã·ãã®ãããªåŒ·å¡©åº
ã¯è¯è§Šåªã§ã¯ããã倧éã®äžçŽç©ãå¯çããã®ã§
å®çšçã§ãªãã ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ããã³ãžã«ã³ã³é žãã
ã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãéïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒããŸã
ã¯ãžããã«ã¹ãºãžã©ãŠã¬ãŒãã®ããããããææ
ã«åªãã觊åªã§ããããšãèŠåºããããããã
ã¯ãäœæ¿åºŠã§ãç¹ã«ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ããŒãã®ã¢ã«ã³
ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã«æ¯ïŒïŒïŒã§ããé«ãåçãšçŽåºŠ
ãšãäžããããããã€ãŠããããã®è§Šåªãç¹ã«ã
ã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã奜ãŸããã以äžã«èå¯ã
ãã奜ãŸããæ¹æ³ã¯æ¬¡ã®äžè¬åŒã§è¡šããããé²æ©
ãã觊åªã䜿çšããŠãªããã®ã§ããã åŒäžãR1ãR2ãR3ãR4ããã³R5ã¯åã ã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãããã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŸãã¯ãã®æ··åç©ããéžã°
ããïŒã¯å çŽ ã®åšæè¡šã®ïŒ¢ããŸãã¯ïŒ¢æ
ããéžã°ããéå±ãè¡šãããåïœã¯æŽæ°ïŒãŸãã¯
ïŒã§ãããn1ãn2ãn3ãn4ããã³n5ã®åãäžèšé
å±ã®åå䟡ã«çããã ãããã®äœ¿çšã«ããå®çŸãããå©ç¹ã¯(1)ã€ãœã
ãªãžã¢ã³é žãšã¹ãã«ã®ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®ã
ãé«ã転åçã(2)çæç©ã®ããé«ãçŽåºŠã(3)倧é
å°ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®ååã®å¿ èŠã®åæžã(4)åå¿æé
ã®ççž®ããã³(5)觊åªäœ¿çšéã®æžå°ã§ããã ãã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ã«ããã°ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ãªã«ã¯ã觊åªéã®è§Šåªååç©ã®ååšäžãäžè¬ã«
ã¯åå¿æ··åç©ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãâã¢
ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã«è»¢åã
ãã®ã«å åãªæž©åºŠããã³æéãå ç±ããããšã«ã
ãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšåå¿ããã奜ãŸããã¯ããã®æž©åºŠ
ã¯ã»ã100âä¹è³120âã®ç¯å²ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«å¥œãŸãããã®ãšããŠäœ¿çšããã
ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã¯æ¬¡åŒã§è¡šãããããã
ãªãã®ã§ããã åŒäžããRâ²ããã³Râ³ã¯åã ã«æ°ŽçŽ ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ïŒä¹è³20åã®ççŽ ååïŒãã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«çœ®æã¢ãªãŒã«ããéžã°ããã ãã奜ãŸããå ·äœäŸã§ã¯ïŒ²ãRâ²ãããã³Râ³ã¯
åã ã«æ°ŽçŽ ããã³äœçŽïŒC1ä¹è³C4ïŒã¢ã«ãã«åº
ããéžã°ããç¹ã«å¥œãŸããå ·äœäŸã§ã¯ïŒ²ãRâ²ã
ããã³Râ³ã¯åã ã«æ°ŽçŽ ããã³ã¡ãã«ããéžã°ã
ããç¹ã«å¥œãŸããçš®ã®ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žãšã¹ãã«
ã¯ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããã³ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³
é žã¡ã¿ãªã«ã§ããã ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã¯æç®ã«é瀺ãããå ¬
ç¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠã調補ããããããšãã°ãµãŒã«
ã¹ïŒSearlesïŒãåè¡åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2462433ïŒãã³ãã
ïŒBentz et alïŒã西ãã€ãå ¬éæ现æžïŒGerman
Offen.ïŒ2711956ïŒãªãŒããºãïŒReeves et alïŒ
Synthetic Communications ïŒ(7)ã509ã514
ïŒ1976ïŒãåç §ãããŸãã¯ãæ¬ä»¶ã«èšèŒãããã
ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãšã®å
å¿ã«çžé移å觊åªãå©çšããé²æ©ããæ¹æ³ã«ãã€
ãŠèª¿è£œãããã äž»é¡ã®åå¿ãéå°ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã䜿çšããŠãã
ãšãã°ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã«
察ããã¢ã«æ¯ïŒïŒïŒã§è¡ãªãããŠããéïŒïŒã¢
ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãã«ããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãª
ã«ã®ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åçã¯ãããšãã°
åãæ¿åºŠã®ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã«ãããã®ã
ãææã«äœããããããé©ãã¹ãããšã«ã¯ãã€ãœ
ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã«æ¯
ïŒïŒïŒã§åå¿ãè¡ãªããããšããã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢
ã«ãã«è§Šåªã¯éïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒããã
èããé«ãããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åçã瀺ã
ã®ã§ããããã®äžããã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãã
ã³ãžã«ã³ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã¯çŽåºŠã®ææã«é«ã
ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããäžããå¯åå¿ã®æžå°ãŸãã¯
æ¶å€±ã瀺ããŠããããšãèŠåºããããæåŸã«ãã
ãªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®ããé«ã転åçãšãããªã
ã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®ããé«ãçŽåºŠãšããå ¬ç¥ã®è«žè§Šåª
ãããäœããã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãŸãã¯ãžã«ã³
ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«è§Šåªã®è§Šåªæ¿åºŠã§ãç¹ã«ã€ãœ
ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã«æ¯
ãçã¢ã«ã§ãããšãã«å®çŸãããããšãèŠåºãã
ããäžã«ç€ºããããã«ãå¹çã®å¢ãã觊åªã¯ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ã®éå°ãå¿ èŠãªããªããåŸã€ãŠã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
ååã®å¿ èŠããªããªã€ãŠãããã«ããå·¥çšãç°¡ç¥
åããããšããä»å çãªå©ç¹ãããããããã æ¬çºæã«æå¹ã«äœ¿çšããã觊åªååç©ã¯æ¬¡åŒã«
ãã€ãŠè¡šãããããã®ã§ããã ããã§R1ãR2ãR3ãR4ããã³R5ã¯åã ã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãããã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŸãã¯ãã®æ··åç©ããéžã°
ããïŒã¯å çŽ ã®åšæè¡šã®ïŒ¢ãããŸãã¯ïŒ¢
æã®éå±ã§ãããåïœã¯æŽæ°ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒã§ããã
n1ãn2ãn3ãn4ããã³n5ã®åãäžèšéå±ã®åå䟡
ã«çããã æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããå ·äœäŸã«ãããŠãïŒã¯åšæè¡š
ã®ïŒ¢æããéžã°ããéå±ã§ãããïœã®åã¯ïŒã§
ãããåºïŒ²ã¯ïŒä¹è³ïŒåã®ççŽ ååã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã§
ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸãã觊åªã«ã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«
ãã«ããžã«ã³ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãå«ãŸããäžã§
ããšããã奜ãŸãã觊åªã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ã
ã«ã§ããããã®äŸãšããŠãã¿ã³é žããã©ïœâãã
ã«ããã¿ã³é žããã©ã€ãœãããã«ããã³ãã¿ã³é ž
ããã©âïŒâãšãã«ããã·ã«ãå«ãŸããã 䜿çšãåŸãä»ã®è§Šåªã¯ïŒãã¹ã«ã³ãžãŠã ãã€ã
ããªãŠã ãã©ã³ã¿ã³ãããããŠã ããããžãŠã ã
ããªããŠã ããã³ã¿ã³ã¿ã«ã§ããããã€ïœã®åã
ïŒä¹è³ïŒã®å€ãæãããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«æçšãªã
ã®ã¯éå±ãããªããŠã ããããžãŠã ãããã³ã©ã³
ã¿ã³ã§ãããã®ãããšãã°ãããªããŠã ããšãã
ã·ããã©ã³ã¿ã³ã€ãœããããã·ãããã³ãããžã«
ïœâããã¬ãŒãã§ããã ãããã®è§Šåªã¯æ¬ä»¶åå¿äžã§ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³
é žãšã¹ãã«ãåºæºã«ããŠãã»ã0.1ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ã
ãŒã»ã³ãã®ç¯å²ã§äœ¿çšãåŸãã奜ãŸããã¯è§Šåª
ã¯ãåäžåºæºã§ãã»ãŒ0.1ä¹è³1.0ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ã
ã®éã§äœ¿çšãããã æ¬çºæã¯ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšèèªå±ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ã«ããâã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«
ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã®æ¹è¯ã«é¢ããã
ã®ã§ããåŸããããŸããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«
ã®çµŠæºã¯éèŠã§ã¯ãªãããâã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«
ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®è£œé ããæåã«ããã²
ã³åã¢ãªã«ãšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯
ããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãšã®ãçžé移å觊åªã®
圱é¿äžã«ãããåå¿ã«ããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãª
ã«ã補é ãããäžè²«è£œæ³ã«ããè¡ãããããšãæ
ãŸããããã®çµå補æ³ã䜿çšããããšãçæãã
ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã¯ä¹Ÿç¥ããçè·¡éã®æ°Žã
å ±æ²žèžæºããŠãæ¬ä»¶ã«èšèŒãããšãããã€ãœããª
ã·ã¢ã³é žãšã¹ãã«ãåé¢ããããšãªããããã«è
èªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ããã³æ¬çºæã®æ¹è¯è§Šåªã奜ãŸã
ãã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãŸãã¯ãžã«ã³ã³é žã
ãã©ã¢ã«ãã«è§Šåªãæ·»å ããŠåå¿ãç¶ããããšã
ã§ãããã€ãã§ããã®åå¿æ··åç©ãäžè¬çã«ã¯
ã»ã100âä¹è³120âã«ã奜ãŸããã¯110âä¹è³120
âã«ïŒä¹è³ïŒæéå ç±ãããåå¿ã®å®äºåŸãæªå
å¿ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãããã°ç空äžã§é€å»ããã äž¡åå¿å€ãããªãã¡ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«
ãšèèªå±ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®æ°Žåå«éã¯è§Šåªã®å æ°Žå
解ãé¿ãããããã§ããéãäœããã¹ãã§ããã
äžè¬ã«ã¯åå¿æ··åç©äžã®æ°Žåååšéã¯çŽ0.25ïŒ ä»¥
äžã§ããã¹ãã§ããã äžè¬ã«ã¯å€§éã®äžçŽç©ãçæããªãéããããª
ãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®åŠ¥åœãªåçãäžããã©ã®ãããª
觊åªã䜿çšã§ãããã®ãããªè§Šåªãæ¬ä»¶ã§ã¯ã䟿
å®äžãäŒçµ±çã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³è£œé ã«äœ¿çšãããå šãŠã®
觊åªããã®å®çŸ©ã«å ¥ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããšããç解ã®
ããšã«ãäžæ¬ããŠâãŠã¬ã¿ã³è§ŠåªâãšåŒãã§ã
ããæ¬çºæã«æçšãªãã®é¡ã®è§Šåªã®ç¹ã«å žåçãª
ãã®ã«ã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ããžã«ã³ã³é žã
ãã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãéå±ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãããã³
ãžã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ãºã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒããå«ãŸãããã
ããã«éããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã奜ãŸãã觊åªã«ã¯
éïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãããžããã«ã¹ãºãž
ã©ãŠã¬ãŒãããã³ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ãå«ãŸ
ããã æ¬çºæã«æçšãªãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã¯åŒ ïŒROïŒ4Ti ã«ãã€ãŠè¡šãããããåŒäžïŒ²ã¯ïŒä¹è³20åã®ççŽ
ååããã€ã¢ã«ãã«åºãŸãã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§ããã
åºïŒ²ã¯åäžã§ãã€ãŠãç°ãªã€ãŠããŠãããããã¿
ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«ã®å¥œãŸããé¡ã¯ïŒ²ãïŒä¹è³10
åã®ççŽ ååã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã§ãããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«
奜ãŸãããã®ã¯ãã¿ã³é žããã©ããã«ããã¿ã³é ž
ããã©ã€ãœãããã«ããã¿ã³é žããã©âïŒâãšã
ã«ããã·ã«ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã¯ä»¥äžã®å®æœäŸã«ããããã«èšè¿°
ãã説æããããã以äžã®å®æœäŸã¯æ±ºããŠæ¬çºæ
ã®ç¯å²ãéå®ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªã説æã®ç®çã§æºå
ããããã®ã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒ
ãã®è£œé åå¿éã«æ°Ž1100ã¬ãã³ãè£ å ¥ãã50ïŒ æ°Žé žåã
ããªãŠã 溶液ã§PHã12以äžã«ãããã€ãã§ãã·ã¢
ã³åãããªãŠã ïŒ4900ãã³ãã100ãã³ããŒã¢ã«ïŒ
ããã³å¡©åãªã¯ãã«ãã·ã«ãžã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã
ïŒãã«ã¿ãã¯2050ã160ãã³ãã0.24ãã³ããŒã¢
ã«ïŒãåå¿éã«æ·»å ãããæ¹æããŠæž©åºŠãçŽ60â
ã«ä¿ã¡ãªããã€ãªãŠïŒ3225ãã³ãã100.8ãã³ã
ãŒã¢ã«ïŒãæ·»å ãããå šãŠã®ã€ãªãŠãæ·»å ããã®
ã¡ãåå¿æ··åç©ã30åéæ¹æããã€ãã§40âã«å·
åŽããããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã«å¡©åã¢ãªã«ïŒ8420ãã³
ãã110ãã³ããŒã¢ã«ïŒãæ¥éã«æ·»å ããã€ãã§ã
枩床ãäžããŠåå¿æ··åç©ãéæµç¶æ ã«ããã枩床
ã85âã«éããããªã·ã¢ã³é žãšã¹ãã«ã®å«éã
0.5ïŒ ä»¥äžã«ãªããŸã§å ç±ãç¶ããããã®åå¿æ··
åç©ã«æ°ŽïŒ1500ã¬ãã³ïŒãæ·»å ãããã®æ··åç©ã
çŽ20åéæ¹æãããæ°Žçžãææ©çžããé¢è±ããã
æ°Žçžãé€å»ãããã€ãã§ææ©çžãç空äžïŒ22in.
HgïŒã§æž©åºŠã100âã«éãããŸã§å ç±ããŠæ®çºæ§
æåãé€å»ããïŒåçž®ç©107ã¬ãã³ãéããã
ãïŒãæ®ççæç©ã®åæå€ã¯æ°Žå0.05ïŒ ä»¥äžãã€
ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®æ¯
ïŒïŒïŒä»¥äžã瀺ããŠããã ãã®ååã80âã«å·åŽããç空ãç ŽãïŒçªçŽ
ã§ïŒãã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ïŒæ°Žå0.15ïŒ ä»¥äžã
7413ãã³ãâã¢ã«ïŒããã³ãã¿ã³é žããã©âïœâ
ããã«60ãã³ãïŒ0.18ãã³ãâã¢ã«ïŒãæ·»å ãã
ãã®åå¿æ··åç©ãæ¹æããªããã110âãŸã§ç±ãã
ãã®æž©åºŠã§8.5æéæ¹æããã転åçã¯96ïŒ ã§ã
ã€ããã€ãã§ç空ã«ããŠéå°ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãé€å»
ãããçŽåºŠ84ïŒ ãæããâã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœã
ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã14.496ãã³ãïŒåç83.6
ïŒ ïŒãåŸãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¡ã¿ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡
ãŒãã®è£œé ã·ã¢ã³åãããªãŠã 37.2ã°ã©ã ïŒçŽåºŠ98.6ïŒ ãš
ããŠ0.75ã¢ã«ïŒãèåããã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢
ããŠã 0.6ã°ã©ã ããã³æ°Ž70mlã®æº¶æ¶²ã«ã€ãªãŠ
24.2ã°ã©ã ïŒ0.755ã¢ã«ïŒãå°éãã€ã30åãã
ãŠæ·»å ããã枩床ã¯100ã110âã«äžæãããçæ
ããããªã·ã¢ã³é žãããªã ã®æº¶æ¶²ã40âã«å·åŽã
å¡©åã¡ã¿ãªã«84.7mlïŒçŽåºŠ95ïŒ ãšããŠ0.825ã¢ã«ïŒ
ã10ã15åãããŠæ·»å ãã€ãã§ãã®åå¿æ··åç©ã
ãã ãããªéæµç¶æ ã«ããã枩床ã¯ïŒä¹è³ïŒæé
ã®éã«97âãŸã§äžæãããæ°ŽïŒ55mlïŒãæ·»å ããŠ
å¡©åãããªãŠã ã溶解ããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã宀枩ã«
å·åŽãããäºå±€ãåé¢ãéå°ã®å¡©åã¡ã¿ãªã«ãšç
è·¡éã®æ°Žãšã¯ææ©çžããç空äžïŒ22in.HgïŒã§é
ã®æž©åºŠã105âã«ãªããŸã§ç±ããŠé€å»ãããæ®ç
ããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¡ã¿ãªã«ã«ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ïŒ70.7mlã0.75ã¢ã«ïŒããã³ãã¿ã³é žãã
ã©âïœâããã«ïŒ0.3ã°ã©ã ïŒãæ·»å ããã®åå¿
æ··åç©ãçªçŽ äžã§110âã«ç±ããŠåŠçããã100â
ã§ïŒæéå ç±ããåŸ83.4ïŒ ã®çŽåºŠã§96.4ïŒ ã®è»¢å
çãåŸããããæªåå¿ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã¯
ç空ïŒ22in.HgïŒäž110âãã§é€å»ãçŽåºŠ89.8ïŒ ã
æããâã¡ã¿ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«
ãã¡ãŒã125.8ã°ã©ã ïŒNaCNãåºæºã«ããŠ89.8
ïŒ ïŒãåŸãããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã¡ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®
補é æ°Ž70mlãã·ã¢ã³åãããªãŠã 38.25ã°ã©ã
ïŒ0.765ã¢ã«ïŒããã³èåããã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³
ã¢ããŠã 0.15ã°ã©ã ïŒ0.00046ã¢ã«ïŒã®æº¶æ¶²ãæ¹
æããªããã€ãªãŠ24.65ã°ã©ã ã10åãããŠå°é
ã¥ã€å ã枩床ãéæµæž©åºŠã«ãããããã®æº¶æ¶²ã¯40
â以äžã«å·åŽã57.37ã°ã©ã ïŒ0.75ã¢ã«ïŒã®å¡©å
ã¢ãªã«ã20åãããŠæ·»å ããããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã
ãã ãããªéæµç¶æ ã«å ç±ãããïŒæéã®éã«æž©
床ã100âã«äžæããã宀枩ã«å·åŽããã®ã¡75ml
ã®æ°Žãæ·»å ããæ°Žçžãææ©çžããåé¢ãããææ©
çžãç空ïŒ20in.HgïŒäžæž©åºŠ100âã«å ç±ããŠå¡©
åã¢ãªã«ããã³çè·¡ã®æ°Žãé€å»ãããå·åŽåŸã¡ã¿
ããŒã«100mlïŒ2.47ã¢ã«ïŒããã³éïŒïŒã¢ã»ã
ã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãïŒã°ã©ã ïŒ0.011ã¢ã«ïŒãæ·»å ã
ãã®æ··åç©ã13æééæµããïŒ70âïŒãéå°ã®ã¡
ã¿ããŒã«ãçå»ããâã¢ãªã«ââã¡ãã«ããª
ãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã85ã°ã©ã ïŒ86.5ïŒ ïŒãåŸãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââïœâãããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡
ãŒãã®è£œé ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ã®ãããã«ïœâãããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
ã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒã®æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãã105
âã§5.5æééæµããåŸåæ§ã®åçã®ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«
ââïœâãããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããåŸãã
ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒ
ãã®è£œé ã·ã¢ã³åãããªã 745.6ã°ã©ã ïŒ15ã¢ã«ïŒãã
ã³èåããã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 12ã°ã©ã
ïŒ0.037ã¢ã«ïŒã1400mlã®æ°Žã«æº¶è§£ãã溶液ã«ã€ãª
ãŠ48.33ã°ã©ã ïŒ15.08ã¢ã«ïŒãå°éã¥ã€30ã40å
ãããŠæ·»å ããã枩床ã¯113âã«äžæããã30å
éæ¹æããåŸæº¶æ¶²ã40â以äžã«å·åŽãããå¡©åã¢
ãªã«ïŒ1263ã°ã©ã ã16.5ã¢ã«ïŒã15ã20åãããŠ
æ·»å ãããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã3.5æééæµãã枩床
ã¯90âã«éããããã®æç¹ã§99ïŒïŒ ã®è»¢åçãåŸ
ããããæ°ŽïŒ1100mlïŒãå ããã®æ··åç©ã40âã«
å·åŽãããæ°Žçžãææ©çžããåé¢ãç空ïŒ22in.
HgïŒäžã§ã枩床100âãŸã§å ç±ããŠéå°ã®å¡©åã¢
ãªã«ããã³çè·¡éã®æ°Žãé€å»ããããã®æç¹ã«ã
ããæ°Žã®å«éã¯0.02ïŒ ã§ãã€ããã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ïŒ1136ã°ã©ã ã15ã¢ã«ïŒããã³ãã¿ã³é žã
ãã©âïœâããã«ïŒïŒã°ã©ã ã0.026ã¢ã«ïŒãæ·»
å ããã®æ··åç©ã110âã§6.5æéå ç±ããã転å
çã¯96.1ïŒ ã§ãã€ããæªåå¿ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³
ãŒã«ãé€å»ããçŽåºŠ87ïŒ ãæããâã¢ãªã«â
âã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã2280ã°ã©ã ïŒå
ç87.9ïŒ ïŒãåŸãããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒ
ãã®è£œé ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã¢ã«ããã1.2ã°ã©
ã ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã âãããã·ããã¿ããŒã«é¯äœ ïŒïœâC4âH9OâïŒ4Zrã»C4H9OH ã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒã®æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãã110
âã§ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ã«ãã3.5
æéåŸã«96.7ïŒ ã®è»¢åçã5.5æéã«98.4ïŒ ã®è»¢å
çã§çŽåºŠ86.6ïŒ ã®ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ã
ãªãã¢ã«ãã¡ãŒããåŸãããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«0.25ã¢ã«ããã³ã€ãœã
ãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«0.5ã¢ã«ã®æ··åç©ãã€ãœããªã·ã¢
ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã¢ã«ããã0.4ã°ã©ã ã®(a)ãã¿ã³é ž
ããã©âïœâããã«ããã³(b)éïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢
ã»ãããŒãã®ååšäžçªçŽ äžã§110âã«å ç±ããã
åå¿ã远跡ãâã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªã
ã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢å100åçãã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°
ã©ãã€ãŒã§æž¬å®ããçµæã¯è¡šã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
è¡šã®ããŒã¿ã¯è§ŠåªãšããŠãã¿ã³é
žããã©ãã
ã«ãçšãããšå ¬ç¥ã®éïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒ
ããçšãããšããšæ¯èŒããŠïŒæéåŸããã³ïŒæé
åŸã®è»¢åçãææã«é«ãããšã瀺ããŠããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒ
ã«ãšã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã1.1ã§ãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒã®æ¹æ³
ã«åŸã觊åªãšè§Šåªæ¿åºŠãšã®å¹æãè©äŸ¡ãããããŒ
ã¿ã¯è¡šã«ç€ºãã
ã«ãçšãããšå ¬ç¥ã®éïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒ
ããçšãããšããšæ¯èŒããŠïŒæéåŸããã³ïŒæé
åŸã®è»¢åçãææã«é«ãããšã瀺ããŠããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒ
ã«ãšã®ã¢ã«æ¯ã1.1ã§ãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒã®æ¹æ³
ã«åŸã觊åªãšè§Šåªæ¿åºŠãšã®å¹æãè©äŸ¡ãããããŒ
ã¿ã¯è¡šã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
è¡šã®ããŒã¿ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããšã瀺ããŠãããã€ãœã
ãªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®ã¢
ã«æ¯ãïŒïŒïŒã§ãããšããã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«
觊åªã¯å ¬ç¥ã®äž¡è§ŠåªâéïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãã
ãŒããŸãã¯ãžããã«ã¹ãºãžã©ãŠã¬ãŒãâã®ãã¥ã
ããã(1)é«ã転åçãš(2)é«ã補åã®çŽåºŠãšã(3)ç
ãåå¿æéã®äžã«ããã€(4)äœã觊åªæ¿åºŠã§äžã
ãããŸããã®ããŒã¿ã¯ãå ¬ç¥ã®è§Šåªã¯é«æ¿åºŠã§
ãã極ããŠäœãçŽåºŠã®ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœãã
ã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããäžããããšã瀺ããŠã
ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšïœâãããã«ã¢ã«ã³
ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ 0.25ã¢ã«ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®ãããã«
0.25ã¢ã«ã®ïœâãããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãçšãã以å€
ã¯å®æœäŸïŒã®æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãããã¿ã³é žããã©âïœ
âããã«ã¯0.1ã°ã©ã ã®æ¿åºŠïŒã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ãªã«ïŒã¢ã«ããã0.4ã°ã©ã ïŒã§çšããã110â
ã§ïŒæéå ç±ããåŸãçŽåºŠ90.2ïŒ ãæããâã¢
ãªã«ââïœâãããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®
転åç97.3ïŒ ãå®çŸãããã å®æœäŸ 10 ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšïŒâãã³ã¿ããŒã«ãš
ã®åå¿ 0.25ã¢ã«ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®ãããã«
0.25ã¢ã«ã®ïŒâãã³ã¿ããŒã«ãçšãã以å€ã¯å®æœ
äŸïŒã®æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãããã¿ã³é žããã©âïœâãã
ã«ã¯0.1ã°ã©ã ã®æ¿åºŠïŒ0.4ã°ã©ã ïŒã¢ã«ã€ãœããª
ã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã§äœ¿çšããã110âã§ïŒæéå
ç±ããã®ã¡çŽåºŠ77.5ïŒ ãæããâã¢ãªã«ââ
ãã³ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åç97ïŒ ãå®
çŸãããã å®æœäŸ 11 ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšãšã¿ããŒã«ãšã®åå¿ 0.25ã¢ã«ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®ãããã«
0.25ã¢ã«ã®ãšã¿ããŒã«ã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒ
ã®æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãããã¿ã³é žããã©âïœâããã«ã¯
0.3ã°ã©ã ã®æ¿åºŠïŒ1.2ã°ã©ã ïŒã¢ã«ã€ãœããªã·ã¢
ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã§äœ¿çšãããéæµæž©åºŠïŒ87âïŒã§
13.5æéå ç±ããã®ã¡çŽåºŠ91.9ïŒ ãæããâã¢
ãªã«ââãšãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åç
93.3ïŒ ãåŸãããã å®æœäŸ 12 110âã§ãšã¿ããŒã«ããã€ãããšïŒæéãããŠ
ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããã³ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã
ãã«ã«æ·»å ãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸ11ã®åå¿ããããã
ããããšã¿ããŒã«ã®æ·»å ã«ç¶ããŠããã«2.5æéã
åå¿æ··åç©ãå ç±ããçŽåºŠ85.4ïŒ ãæããâã¢
ãªã«ââãšãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åç
96.6ïŒ ãåŸãã å®æœäŸ 13 ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒ
ã«ãšã®åå¿ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒïŒïŒïŒ æ°çš®ã®ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«è§Šåªããã³ïŒçš®
ã®ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ãªãŒã«è§Šåªããã€ãœããªã·ã¢
ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã¢ã«ããã0.4ã°ã©ã ã®ã¬ãã«ã§ã
110âã«ãããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšã€ãœã
ãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ã«çšããŠè©äŸ¡ããããã®
åå¿ã®éçšãã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã€ãŒã«ãããå®
æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«ã远跡ãããããŒã¿ã¯è¡šã«ç€ºã
ãã
ãªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®ã¢
ã«æ¯ãïŒïŒïŒã§ãããšããã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«
觊åªã¯å ¬ç¥ã®äž¡è§ŠåªâéïŒïŒã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãã
ãŒããŸãã¯ãžããã«ã¹ãºãžã©ãŠã¬ãŒãâã®ãã¥ã
ããã(1)é«ã転åçãš(2)é«ã補åã®çŽåºŠãšã(3)ç
ãåå¿æéã®äžã«ããã€(4)äœã觊åªæ¿åºŠã§äžã
ãããŸããã®ããŒã¿ã¯ãå ¬ç¥ã®è§Šåªã¯é«æ¿åºŠã§
ãã極ããŠäœãçŽåºŠã®ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœãã
ã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããäžããããšã瀺ããŠã
ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšïœâãããã«ã¢ã«ã³
ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ 0.25ã¢ã«ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®ãããã«
0.25ã¢ã«ã®ïœâãããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãçšãã以å€
ã¯å®æœäŸïŒã®æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãããã¿ã³é žããã©âïœ
âããã«ã¯0.1ã°ã©ã ã®æ¿åºŠïŒã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ãªã«ïŒã¢ã«ããã0.4ã°ã©ã ïŒã§çšããã110â
ã§ïŒæéå ç±ããåŸãçŽåºŠ90.2ïŒ ãæããâã¢
ãªã«ââïœâãããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®
転åç97.3ïŒ ãå®çŸãããã å®æœäŸ 10 ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšïŒâãã³ã¿ããŒã«ãš
ã®åå¿ 0.25ã¢ã«ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®ãããã«
0.25ã¢ã«ã®ïŒâãã³ã¿ããŒã«ãçšãã以å€ã¯å®æœ
äŸïŒã®æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãããã¿ã³é žããã©âïœâãã
ã«ã¯0.1ã°ã©ã ã®æ¿åºŠïŒ0.4ã°ã©ã ïŒã¢ã«ã€ãœããª
ã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã§äœ¿çšããã110âã§ïŒæéå
ç±ããã®ã¡çŽåºŠ77.5ïŒ ãæããâã¢ãªã«ââ
ãã³ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åç97ïŒ ãå®
çŸãããã å®æœäŸ 11 ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšãšã¿ããŒã«ãšã®åå¿ 0.25ã¢ã«ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®ãããã«
0.25ã¢ã«ã®ãšã¿ããŒã«ã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒ
ã®æ¹æ³ã«åŸã€ãããã¿ã³é žããã©âïœâããã«ã¯
0.3ã°ã©ã ã®æ¿åºŠïŒ1.2ã°ã©ã ïŒã¢ã«ã€ãœããªã·ã¢
ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã§äœ¿çšãããéæµæž©åºŠïŒ87âïŒã§
13.5æéå ç±ããã®ã¡çŽåºŠ91.9ïŒ ãæããâã¢
ãªã«ââãšãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åç
93.3ïŒ ãåŸãããã å®æœäŸ 12 110âã§ãšã¿ããŒã«ããã€ãããšïŒæéãããŠ
ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããã³ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã
ãã«ã«æ·»å ãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸ11ã®åå¿ããããã
ããããšã¿ããŒã«ã®æ·»å ã«ç¶ããŠããã«2.5æéã
åå¿æ··åç©ãå ç±ããçŽåºŠ85.4ïŒ ãæããâã¢
ãªã«ââãšãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åç
96.6ïŒ ãåŸãã å®æœäŸ 13 ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒ
ã«ãšã®åå¿ïŒã¢ã«æ¯ïŒïŒïŒïŒ æ°çš®ã®ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«è§Šåªããã³ïŒçš®
ã®ãã¿ã³é žããã©ã¢ãªãŒã«è§Šåªããã€ãœããªã·ã¢
ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã¢ã«ããã0.4ã°ã©ã ã®ã¬ãã«ã§ã
110âã«ãããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãšã€ãœã
ãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ã«çšããŠè©äŸ¡ããããã®
åå¿ã®éçšãã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã€ãŒã«ãããå®
æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«ã远跡ãããããŒã¿ã¯è¡šã«ç€ºã
ãã
ãè¡šã
å®æœäŸ 14
âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒ
ãã®è£œé ã·ã¢ã³åãããªãŠã 745.6ã°ã©ã ïŒ15ã¢ã«ïŒã
ãã³èåããã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 12ã°ã©
ã ïŒ0.037ã¢ã«ïŒã1400mlã®æ°Žã«ãšããã溶液ã«
ã€ãªãŠ483.3ã°ã©ã ïŒ15.08ã¢ã«ïŒã30ã40åãã
ãŠå°éã¥ã€æ·»å ããã枩床ã¯113âã«äžæããã
30åæ¹æããã®ã¡ãã®æº¶æ¶²ã40â以äžã«å·åŽã
ããå¡©åã¢ãªã«ïŒ1263ã°ã©ã ã16.5ã¢ã«ïŒã15ã
20åãããŠæ·»å ããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã3.5æééæµ
ããã枩床ã¯90âã«éããããã®æç¹ã§è»¢åçã¯
99ïŒïŒ ã§ãã€ããæ°ŽïŒ1100mlïŒãæ·»å ããã®æ··å
ç©ã40âã«å·åŽãããæ°Žçžãææ©çžããåé¢ãç
空ïŒ22in.HgïŒäžæž©åºŠ100âã§éå°ã®å¡©åã¢ãªã«
ããã³çè·¡éã®æ°Žãé€å»ããããã®æç¹ã§æ°Žã®å«
éã¯0.02ïŒ ã§ãã€ããã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
ïŒ1136ã°ã©ã ã15ã¢ã«ïŒããã³ãã¿ã³é žããã©â
ïœâããã«ïŒïŒã°ã©ã ã0.026ã¢ã«ïŒãå ããã®
æ··åç©ã110âã§6.5æéå ç±ããã転åçã¯96.1
ïŒ ã«éãããæªåå¿ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãé€
å»ããçŽåºŠ87ïŒ ãæããâã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœã
ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã2280ã°ã©ã ïŒåç87.9
ïŒ ïŒãåŸãããã å®æœäŸ 15 âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒ
ãã®è£œé ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã¢ã«ããã1.2ã°ã©
ã ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ïœâãããã·ããã¿ããŒã«é¯äœ ïŒïœâC4H9ïŒ4Zrã»C4H9OH ãããã·ãã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸ14ã®æ¹æ³ã«
åŸã€ãã110âã«ãããã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãš
ã®åå¿ã§ã86.6ïŒ ã®çŽåºŠãæããâã¢ãªã«â
âã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åçãšã
ãŠãïŒæéåŸã«96.7ïŒ ã5.5æéåŸã«98.4ïŒ ãåŸ
ãã å®æœäŸ14ããã³15ã¯æåã«ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãš
ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãšã®åå¿ã«ããé«åçã§ã€ãœããªã·
ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã調補ããå·¥çšãå«ãäžè¿°ã®æ £è£œæ³
ã«ããâã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡
ãŒãã®è£œé ã説æããŠãããå®æœäŸ13ã¯ãžã«ã³ã³
é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«è§Šåªã®äœ¿çšã説æããŠããã å®æœäŸ 16 âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã
ã®è£œé ã·ã¢ã³åãããªãŠã ãã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã§
眮æãäžã€æ°Ž90mlã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãç¹°
è¿ãããâã¢ãªã«ââã¡ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡
ãŒãã85.7ïŒ ã®åçã§ååããã
ãã®è£œé ã·ã¢ã³åãããªãŠã 745.6ã°ã©ã ïŒ15ã¢ã«ïŒã
ãã³èåããã©âïœâããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 12ã°ã©
ã ïŒ0.037ã¢ã«ïŒã1400mlã®æ°Žã«ãšããã溶液ã«
ã€ãªãŠ483.3ã°ã©ã ïŒ15.08ã¢ã«ïŒã30ã40åãã
ãŠå°éã¥ã€æ·»å ããã枩床ã¯113âã«äžæããã
30åæ¹æããã®ã¡ãã®æº¶æ¶²ã40â以äžã«å·åŽã
ããå¡©åã¢ãªã«ïŒ1263ã°ã©ã ã16.5ã¢ã«ïŒã15ã
20åãããŠæ·»å ããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã3.5æééæµ
ããã枩床ã¯90âã«éããããã®æç¹ã§è»¢åçã¯
99ïŒïŒ ã§ãã€ããæ°ŽïŒ1100mlïŒãæ·»å ããã®æ··å
ç©ã40âã«å·åŽãããæ°Žçžãææ©çžããåé¢ãç
空ïŒ22in.HgïŒäžæž©åºŠ100âã§éå°ã®å¡©åã¢ãªã«
ããã³çè·¡éã®æ°Žãé€å»ããããã®æç¹ã§æ°Žã®å«
éã¯0.02ïŒ ã§ãã€ããã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«
ïŒ1136ã°ã©ã ã15ã¢ã«ïŒããã³ãã¿ã³é žããã©â
ïœâããã«ïŒïŒã°ã©ã ã0.026ã¢ã«ïŒãå ããã®
æ··åç©ã110âã§6.5æéå ç±ããã転åçã¯96.1
ïŒ ã«éãããæªåå¿ã®ã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãé€
å»ããçŽåºŠ87ïŒ ãæããâã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœã
ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã2280ã°ã©ã ïŒåç87.9
ïŒ ïŒãåŸãããã å®æœäŸ 15 âã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒ
ãã®è£œé ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ïŒã¢ã«ããã1.2ã°ã©
ã ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ïœâãããã·ããã¿ããŒã«é¯äœ ïŒïœâC4H9ïŒ4Zrã»C4H9OH ãããã·ãã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸ14ã®æ¹æ³ã«
åŸã€ãã110âã«ãããã€ãœããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãš
ã®åå¿ã§ã86.6ïŒ ã®çŽåºŠãæããâã¢ãªã«â
âã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒããžã®è»¢åçãšã
ãŠãïŒæéåŸã«96.7ïŒ ã5.5æéåŸã«98.4ïŒ ãåŸ
ãã å®æœäŸ14ããã³15ã¯æåã«ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãš
ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ããªã·ã¢ã³é ž
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãšã®åå¿ã«ããé«åçã§ã€ãœããªã·
ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã調補ããå·¥çšãå«ãäžè¿°ã®æ £è£œæ³
ã«ããâã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡
ãŒãã®è£œé ã説æããŠãããå®æœäŸ13ã¯ãžã«ã³ã³
é žããã©ã¢ã«ãã«è§Šåªã®äœ¿çšã説æããŠããã å®æœäŸ 16 âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒã
ã®è£œé ã·ã¢ã³åãããªãŠã ãã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã§
眮æãäžã€æ°Ž90mlã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãç¹°
è¿ãããâã¢ãªã«ââã¡ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡
ãŒãã85.7ïŒ ã®åçã§ååããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ (a) çžé移å觊åªã®ååšäžãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·
ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã€ãª
ãŠãããã³ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãåå¿æº¶åªãšããŠ
ã®æ°Žã®äžã§åå¿ãããŠãã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãª
ã«ãå«æããææ©çžãšæ°Žçžãšãããªãåå¿æ··å
ç©ã補é ãã (b) äžèšæ°Žçžãäžèšææ©çžããåé¢ãããã€ã (c) äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ããŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåª
ã®ååšäžã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšåå¿ãããŠïŒ®âã¢ãªã«
ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã補é ãã
ããšãããªãâã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªã
ã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒ
ããäžè¬åŒ ãæãããã€ãããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãäžè¬åŒ ãæããããã§ïŒ²ãRâ²ããã³Râ³ã¯åã ã«ãæ°ŽçŽ ã
ã¢ã«ãã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«ãããªãã°ã«ãŒãããéž
ã°ããã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ã§ãããããã²ã³ã§ããç¹
èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ åºïŒ²ãRâ²ããã³Râ³ã®å°ããšãäžã€ãæ°ŽçŽ ãŸ
ãã¯ïŒä¹è³ïŒåã®ççŽ ååãå«ãã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ã
ãããïŒä¹è³ïŒåã®ççŽ ååãå«ãã¢ã«ãã«
åºã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ïŒ²ããã³Râ³ãæ°ŽçŽ ã§ãããRâ²ãæ°ŽçŽ ãŸãã¯
ã¡ãã«ã§ããããïŒä¹è³ïŒåã®ççŽ ååãå«
æããçŽéãŸãã¯åæã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ããç¹èš±è«
æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ äžèšïŒ®âã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ã
ã¡ãŒããâã¢ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªãã«ã«
ãã¡ãŒããâã¡ã¿ãªã«ââã€ãœããã«ããªã
ã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãããã³ãããã®æ··åç©ã§æ§æããã
ã°ã«ãŒãããéžã°ãããã®ã§ãããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯
å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ çžé移å觊åªã®ååšäžãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³
åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãã€ãªãŠããã³
ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ã®æ°Žäžã§ã®åå¿ãã (a) çŽ0.5ä¹è³çŽ1.0ïŒ ååŠéè«çéå°ã®äžèšã€ãª
ãŠããäžèšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢
ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«æ·»å ããããšã«ã
ããäžèšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ã
ãªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã圢æããã
ãã§äžèšçžé移å觊åªãäžèšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢
ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãåºæºã«ã
ãŠã»ãŒ0.05ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®éã§ååš
ãã (b) äžèšããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©æº¶æ¶²ã«çŽ40â以äžã®æž©åºŠ
ã§ãäžèšã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãŸãã¯ã·ã¢ã³
åã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãåºæºã«ããŠã¢ã«æ¯ãã»ãŒ1.0
ä¹è³1.1ã®ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ãæ·»å ãã (c) çæããåå¿æ··åç©ããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢
ãªã«å¯Ÿããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®æ¯ãå°ããšã
8.5ïŒïŒã«éæããã«ååãªæééæµäžã«å ç±
ãã è«žå·¥çšãããªããã®ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒã
第ïŒã第ïŒã第ïŒãŸãã¯ç¬¬ïŒé ã®ããããã«èšèŒ
ã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ææ©çžã®æ°Žçžããã®åé¢ã (a) åå¿æ··åç©ã«æ°Žãæ·»å ããŠåå¿äžã«åœ¢æãã
ãå¡©ã溶解ãã (b) æ°Žçžãææ©çžããåé¢ãã (c) æªåå¿ã®ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ããã³çè·¡éã®æ°Ž
ãé€å»ããã®ã«ååãªæéã枩床ããã³ç空ã§
äžèšææ©çžãç空äžã«å ç±ããããšã«ããäžèš
ææ©çžããæªåå¿ã®ããã²ã³åã¢ãªã«ããã³ç
è·¡éã®æ°Žãé€å»ãã è«žå·¥çšãããªããã®ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒã
第ïŒã第ïŒã第ïŒãŸãã¯ç¬¬ïŒé ã®ããããã«èšèŒ
ã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãš
ã®åå¿ã (a) äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãå«ãäžèšææ©
çžã«ããã®ã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãªã«ãåºæºã«ã
ãŠã¢ã«æ¯çŽïŒä¹è³çŽïŒã®çŽéãŸãã¯åæã®ç¬¬ïŒ
çŽã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ããã³äžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãª
ã«ãåºæºã«ããŠã»ãŒ0.1ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ã
ã®ãŠã¬ã¿ã³è§Šåªãæ·»å ãã (b) çæããæ··åç©ããäžèšã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢
ãªã«ãâã¢ãªã«ââã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ã
ã¡ãŒãã«è»¢åããã®ã«ååãªæž©åºŠã«ããã€åå
ãªæéå ç±ãã è«žå·¥çšãããªããã®ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒã
第ïŒã第ïŒã第ïŒãŸãã¯ç¬¬ïŒé ã®ããããã«èšèŒ
ã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ è§Šåªã®ååšäžã«ãããã€ãœããªã·ã¢ã³é žã¢ãª
ã«ãšã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ã«ããâã¢ãªã«ââ
ã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡ãŒãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã«ãã
ãŠãäžèšè§Šåªãäžè¬åŒ ïŒåŒäžãR1ãR2ãR3ãR4ããã³R5ã¯åã ã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãããã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«ãŸãã¯ãããã®æ··åç©ãã
éžã°ããïŒã¯å çŽ ã®åšæ衚第ããŸãã¯
æããéžã°ããéå±ã§ãããåïœã¯æŽæ°ïŒãŸã
ã¯ïŒã§ãã€ãŠããã€ãn1ãn2ãn3ãn4ããã³n5ã®
åããã®éå±ã®åå䟡ãšçãããïŒãæããåå
ç©ã§ãããäžèšåå¿ã«å¯Ÿããæ¹è¯è§ŠåªãæäŸãã
ãã®ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ã ïŒïŒ äžèšéå±ããã¿ããŠã ãŸãã¯ãžã«ã³ããŠã
ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US410773 | 1982-08-23 | ||
| US06/410,689 US4482500A (en) | 1982-08-23 | 1982-08-23 | Process for the preparation of N-allyl-O-alkyl thionocarbamates |
| US410689 | 1982-08-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5955867A JPS5955867A (ja) | 1984-03-31 |
| JPH0429663B2 true JPH0429663B2 (ja) | 1992-05-19 |
Family
ID=23625812
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58150420A Granted JPS5955867A (ja) | 1982-08-23 | 1983-08-19 | âã¢ãªã«âïœâã¢ã«ãã«ããªãã«ã«ãã¡âãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4482500A (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS5955867A (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA836193B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63500517A (ja) * | 1985-06-20 | 1988-02-25 | ãã¢âãã³ã³ïŒã€ã³ã³âãã¬ã€ããã | è¬çšè±æ¯é²æ¢é¯ååç©ããã³çµæç© |
| US4659853A (en) * | 1986-01-22 | 1987-04-21 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for the production of isothiocyanate derivatives |
| ZA918140B (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1992-07-29 | American Cyanamid Co | Recovery of platinum group metals and gold by synergistic reaction between allylalkylthionocarbamates and dithiophosphates |
| US5599442A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1997-02-04 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Collector composition for flotation of activated sphalerite |
| US6184412B1 (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2001-02-06 | Bayer Corporation | Process for manufacture of N-alkoxy(or aryloxy)carbonyl isothiocyanate derivatives in the presence of N,N-dialkylarylamine catalyst and aqueous solvent |
| US6726689B2 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2004-04-27 | Roger P. Jackson | Helical interlocking mating guide and advancement structure |
| KR100923870B1 (ko) * | 2001-09-21 | 2009-10-27 | ë€ì° ìœë ëë ìŽ ìºíë 늬믞í°ë | í°ì€ììë€ìŽí 귞룹 íšì ì€ê°ë žììœìì€ëì ì ì¡°ë°©ë² |
| CN101367755B (zh) * | 2007-08-16 | 2011-02-16 | å京倩任çåç§æåå±æéå ¬åž | 硫代氚åºç²é žé ¯çå¶å€æ¹æ³ |
| CN101698160B (zh) * | 2009-10-26 | 2012-07-11 | äžåå€§åŠ | äžç§ç¡«åç¿æµ®éææ¶ååå¶å€æ¹æ³ |
| CN105061276B (zh) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-05-24 | æ²é³æç ç¿ç©åå·¥æéå ¬åž | äžç§nâç¯äžåºâoâåŒäžåºç¡«æ°šé ¯åæå·¥èº |
| CN108569989B (zh) | 2018-05-25 | 2020-06-02 | äžåå€§åŠ | äžç§å¶å€ç¡«æ°šé ¯å¹¶è产2-å·¯åºä¹éæo-ç·ç¡«åºä¹åºé»åé žççæ¹æ³ |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2462433A (en) * | 1946-05-15 | 1949-02-22 | Du Pont | Preparation of organic thiocyanates and isothiocyanates |
-
1982
- 1982-08-23 US US06/410,689 patent/US4482500A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1983
- 1983-08-19 JP JP58150420A patent/JPS5955867A/ja active Granted
- 1983-08-22 ZA ZA836193A patent/ZA836193B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4482500A (en) | 1984-11-13 |
| ZA836193B (en) | 1984-04-25 |
| JPS5955867A (ja) | 1984-03-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JPH0429663B2 (ja) | ||
| JP3041703B2 (ja) | ã«ã«ããã³é žãšã¹ãã«ã®è£œæ³ | |
| US20160229874A1 (en) | Method for Preparation of Cyano Compounds of the 13th Group with a Lewis Acid | |
| EP0101877B1 (en) | Process for the preparation of n-allyl-o-alkyl-thioncarbamates | |
| US4479903A (en) | Process for the preparation of N-allyl-O-alkyl thionocarbamates | |
| US20240002328A1 (en) | Selenium-based catalyst system for preparing carbonate derivative, and method for preparing carbonate derivative by using same | |
| US4525310A (en) | Method of preparing 3-alkoxy acrylonitriles | |
| EP0277642A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oximosilanen | |
| JPS6157308B2 (ja) | ||
| DE2630633A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung substituierter benzylnitrilderivate | |
| JPH0256344B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0745442B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³å第ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ååç©ã®è£œé æ³ | |
| JPH05155826A (ja) | ïŒâã¢ã«ã³ãã·âïŒâãžã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããâãšã¿ã³ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| WO2019142205A1 (en) | An improved process for preparation of quaternary pyridinium salts | |
| US4456560A (en) | Process for the preparation of N-allyl-O-alkyl thionocarbamates | |
| EP0403952B1 (en) | An environmentally safe method of preparing a certain dialkylamine | |
| Pande | Interaction of ammonium salts with organometallic oxides, hydroxides and alkoxides. A convenient synthesis of organotin halides and pseudohalides | |
| JPH0433784B2 (ja) | ||
| CN110683952B (zh) | 䜿çšæ°§åèºå¶å€äºç¢³é žäºç·åºé ¯çæ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0648993A (ja) | ãžã¢ã«ãã«ã«ãŒãããŒãã®è£œé æ³ | |
| JP2000264855A (ja) | ãããããã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0353298B2 (ja) | ||
| JP3250349B2 (ja) | 第ïŒã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ååç©ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0228583B2 (ja) | ||
| JP2814002B2 (ja) | ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãšãŒãã«ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |