JPH07507351A - 溶媒和メソフェースピッチの製造方法及びそれからの炭素物品 - Google Patents
溶媒和メソフェースピッチの製造方法及びそれからの炭素物品Info
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- JPH07507351A JPH07507351A JP6500706A JP50070694A JPH07507351A JP H07507351 A JPH07507351 A JP H07507351A JP 6500706 A JP6500706 A JP 6500706A JP 50070694 A JP50070694 A JP 50070694A JP H07507351 A JPH07507351 A JP H07507351A
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- 235000017788 Cydonia oblonga Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
- C10C3/00—Working-up pitch, asphalt, bitumen
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/145—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from pitch or distillation residues
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Working-Up Tar And Pitch (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.メソフェース可溶性−キノリン不溶性物質を含むメソフェースピッチから炭 素物品を製造する方法であって、下記の工程;(a)メソフェース可溶性−キノ リン不溶性物質を含むメソフェースピッチ及びメソフェースピッチの溶媒和に適 当な溶媒を接触させることによって溶媒−メソフェースピッチ混合物を形成し、 (b)前記溶媒−メソフェースピッチ混合物を、溶媒和メソフェースピッチを流 体状態で形成するのに適当な時間でかつそれに適当な条件下で、予め選ばれた温 度まで加熱しかつ混合し、(c)前記溶媒−ピッチ混合物を相分離して溶媒相及 び溶媒和メソフェースピッチ相を得、 (d)前記溶媒和メソフェースピッチ相を回収し、(e)前記溶媒和メソフェー スピッチから物品を形成し、(f)前記溶媒和メソフェースピッチ物品から溶媒 を駆出して非溶媒和メソフェースピッチ物品を形成し、 (g)前記非溶媒和メソフェースピッチ物品を、その物品の炭化を行うのに適当 な時間でかつそれに適当な条件下に適当な温度まで加熱することによって、炭化 すること、 を含んでなる炭素物品の製造方法。 2.前記メソフェースピッチを溶媒和するのに適当な溶媒が1種類もしくはそれ 以上の単環ないし3環の芳香族炭化水素を有しており、ここで、該溶媒中の炭素 の40〜100%は芳香族炭素である、請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 3.前記メソフェースピッチを溶媒和するのに適当な溶媒が、テトラリン、キシ レン、トルエン、ナフタレン、アントラセン及び9,10−ジヒドロフェナント レン、芳香族の炭由来の油及び芳香族の石油由来の油からなる群から選ばれた1 員もしくはそれ以上である、請求の範囲第2項に記載の方法。 4.前記メソフェースピッチを溶媒和するのに適当な溶媒がさらにパラフィン系 溶媒を含んでいる、請求の範囲第2項に記載の方法5.前記溶媒−ピッチ混合物 を前記工程(b)で180〜400℃にに加熱し、また、溶媒和メソフェースピ ッチを形成するのに適当な前記条件が、前記溶媒の蒸気圧かもしくはそれを上回 る圧力に前記溶媒−メソフェースピッチ混合物を加熱しかつ混合することを含ん でいる、請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 6.前記圧力が大気圧ないし5000プサイの範囲内である、請求の範囲第5項 に記載の方法。 7.前記工程(c)の相分離が、前記溶媒−ピッチ混合物を、その混合物の溶媒 相及び溶媒和メソフェースピッチ相への相分離を引き起こすのに十分な時間にわ たって、混合を行わないで放置することを含んでいる、請求の範囲第1項に記載 の方法。 8.前記工程(c)の相分離が、溶媒和メソフェースピッチ相を溶媒相から機械 的手段によって分離することを含んでいる、請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 9.前記工程(d)の溶媒和メソフェースピッチ相の回収が、メソフェースピッ チ相が固体となるまで相分離後の溶媒−メソフェースピッチ混合物を冷却し、そ して前記固体メソフェースピッチを除去することを含んでいる、請求の範囲第1 項に記載の方法。 10.前記工程(d)の溶媒和メソフェースピッチの回収が、溶媒和メソフェー スピッチが液体であるような湿度で溶媒和メソフェースを回収することを含んで いる、請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 11.該方法が、密封された容器内で実施されるバッチプロセスである、請求の 範囲第1項に記載の方法。 12.該方法が連続したプロセスである、請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 13.前記工程(b)における加熱の時間が、溶媒及びピッチの相を平衡させる のに十分な時間である、請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法14.溶媒和メソフェー スピッチが40重量%までの溶媒を含有し、また、前記工程(c)の溶媒和メソ フェースピッチ相が40%もしくはそれ以上の光学的等方性である、請求の範囲 第1項に記載の方法。 15.前記工程(f)と関連してかもしくはその完了時、酸化による熱硬化を適 用する、請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 16.前記工程(f)の非溶媒和メソフェースピッチが、硬質の、高融点もしく は溶融不可能なピッチであって、50重量%よりも多量のキノリン不溶分を含有 する、請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 17.下記の工程を含む方法: (a)メソフェース可溶性−キノリン不溶性物質を含むメソフェースピッチ及び メソフェースピッチの溶媒和に適当な溶媒を接触させることによって溶媒−メソ フェースピッチ混合物を形成し、(b)前記溶媒−メソフェースピッチ混合物を 、溶媒和メソフェースピッチを流体状態で形成するのに適当な時間でかつそれに 適当な条件下て、予め選ばれた温度まで加熱しかつ混合し、(c)前記溶媒−ピ ッチ混合物を相分離して溶媒相及び溶媒和メソフェースピッチ相を得、 (d)前記溶媒和メソフェースピッチ相を回収し、(e)前記溶媒和メソフェー スピッチから所望の形状を有する物品を形成し、 (f)前記溶媒和メソフェースピッチ物品から溶媒を駆出して非溶媒和メソフェ ースピッチ物品を形成し、 (g)前記非溶媒和メソフェースピッチ物品を、その物品の炭化を行うのに適当 な時間でかつそれに適当な条件下に適当な温度まで加熱することによって、炭化 すること、 によって製造された、実質的にキノリン不溶性−メソフェース可溶性内容物を有 するメソフェースピッチ。 18.非溶媒和メソフェースピッチの少なくとも50重量%のメソフェース可溶 性−キノリン不溶分含有量を有する溶媒和メソフェースピッチであって、両方の メソフェースピッチが溶融可能である場合、前記溶媒和メソフェースピッチの融 点温度は前記非溶媒和メソフェースピッチのそれよりも少なくとも40℃低く、 そして、非メソフェースが部分的にもしくは完全に溶融不可能である場合、溶媒 和メソフェースピッチが溶融可能である、溶媒和メソフェースピッチ。 19.ピッチの非溶媒部分が50%キノリン不溶分よりも多量であり、また、溶 媒和ピッチを物品に成形し、脱溶媒し、そして物品の構造を損なうことなく物品 形成温度を上回って加熱し、溶融することができる、溶媒和メソフェースピッチ 。 20.通常処理し得ないメソフェースピッチから物品を形成する方法であって、 下記の工程: (a)メソフェース可溶性−キノリン不溶性物質を含むメソフェースピッチ及び メソフェースピッチの溶媒和に適当な溶媒を接触させることによって溶媒−メソ フェースピッチ混合物を形成し、(b)前記溶媒−メソフェースピッチ混合物を 、溶媒和メソフェースピッチを流体状態で形成するのに適当な時間でかつそれに 適当な条件下て、予め選ばれた温度まで加熱しかつ混合し、(c)前記溶媒−ピ ッチ混合物を相分離して溶媒相及び溶媒和メソフェースピッチ相を得、 (d)前記溶媒和メソフェースピッチ相を回収し、(e)前記溶媒和メソフェー スピッチから物品を形成し、(f)前記溶媒和メソフェースピッチ物品から溶媒 を駆出して非溶媒和メソフェースピッチ物品を形成し、 (g)前記非溶媒和メソフェースピッチ物品を、その物品の炭化を行うのに適当 な時間でかつそれに適当な条件下に適当な温度まで加熱することによって、炭化 するごと、 を含んでなる物品の形成方法。 21.高融点かもしくは非溶融性のキノリン不溶性メソゲンを含んでなる紡糸可 能な溶媒和メソフェースピッチ。 22.下記の工程を含む方法: (a)メソフェース可溶性−キノリン不溶性物質を含むメソフェースピッチ及び メソフェースピッチの溶媒和に適当な溶媒を接触させることによって溶媒−メソ フェースピッチ混合物を形成し、(b)前記溶媒−メソフェースピッチ混合物を 、溶媒和メソフェースピッチを流体状態で形成するのに適当な時間でかつそれに 適当な条件下で、予め選ばれた温度まで加熱しかつ混合し、(c)前記溶媒−ピ ッチ混合物を相分離して溶媒相及び溶媒和メソフェースピッチ相を得、 (d)前記溶媒和メソフェースピッチ相を回収し、(e)前記溶媒和メソフェー スピッチから物品を形成し、(f)前記溶媒和メソフェースピッチ物品から溶媒 を駆出して非溶媒和メソフェースピッチ物品を形成し、 (g)前記非溶媒和メソフェースピッチ物品を、その物品の炭化を行うのに適当 な時間でかつそれに適当な条件下に適当な温度まで加熱することによって、炭化 すること、 に従ってメソフェース可溶性−キノリン不溶性物質を含むメソフェースピッチか ら製造された炭素物品。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US89450192A | 1992-06-04 | 1992-06-04 | |
| US894,501 | 1992-06-04 | ||
| PCT/US1993/004941 WO1993024590A1 (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-05-25 | Process for producing solvated mesophase pitch and carbon artifacts therefrom |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07507351A true JPH07507351A (ja) | 1995-08-10 |
| JP3609406B2 JP3609406B2 (ja) | 2005-01-12 |
Family
ID=25403164
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP50070694A Expired - Lifetime JP3609406B2 (ja) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-05-25 | 溶媒和メソフェースピッチの製造方法及びそれからの炭素物品 |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5540903A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0643755B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3609406B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100268024B1 (ja) |
| CN (2) | CN1034221C (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU662644B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2135933C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69308134T2 (ja) |
| ID (1) | ID27420A (ja) |
| MY (1) | MY107785A (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO310303B1 (ja) |
| NZ (1) | NZ247709A (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2104293C1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW502061B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1993024590A1 (ja) |
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| US6123829A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2000-09-26 | Conoco Inc. | High temperature, low oxidation stabilization of pitch fibers |
| KR100271033B1 (ko) * | 1997-07-30 | 2000-11-01 | 우종일 | 탄소재료의 제조방법 |
| US6780505B1 (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 2004-08-24 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Pitch-based carbon foam heat sink with phase change material |
| US6033506A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 2000-03-07 | Lockheed Martin Engery Research Corporation | Process for making carbon foam |
| US6037032A (en) | 1997-09-02 | 2000-03-14 | Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corp. | Pitch-based carbon foam heat sink with phase change material |
| US6673328B1 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2004-01-06 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Pitch-based carbon foam and composites and uses thereof |
| US6315974B1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2001-11-13 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Method for making a pitch-based foam |
| US7147214B2 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2006-12-12 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Humidifier for fuel cell using high conductivity carbon foam |
| US6717021B2 (en) | 2000-06-13 | 2004-04-06 | Conocophillips Company | Solvating component and solvent system for mesophase pitch |
| WO2002040754A1 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2002-05-23 | Conoco Inc. | Pre-spinning treatment process for solvated mesophase pitch |
| EP1395691A1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2004-03-10 | Conoco, Inc. | Polyfilamentary carbon fibers and a flash spinning processor producing the fibers |
| US7537824B2 (en) * | 2002-10-24 | 2009-05-26 | Borgwarner, Inc. | Wet friction material with pitch carbon fiber |
| US8021744B2 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2011-09-20 | Borgwarner Inc. | Fully fibrous structure friction material |
| US7429418B2 (en) | 2004-07-26 | 2008-09-30 | Borgwarner, Inc. | Porous friction material comprising nanoparticles of friction modifying material |
| US8603614B2 (en) | 2004-07-26 | 2013-12-10 | Borgwarner Inc. | Porous friction material with nanoparticles of friction modifying material |
| WO2006116474A2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2006-11-02 | Borgwarner Inc. | Friction material |
| US8394452B2 (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2013-03-12 | Borgwarner Inc. | Carbon friction materials |
| KR100653929B1 (ko) | 2005-11-23 | 2006-12-08 | 주식회사 씨알-텍 | 탄소섬유강화 탄소 복합재료 (탄소/탄소 복합재) 제조용기질피치 제조방법 |
| CN1978786B (zh) * | 2005-12-09 | 2012-05-30 | 中国印钞造币总公司 | 一种防伪水印纸及其制造方法 |
| DE102008013907B4 (de) | 2008-03-12 | 2016-03-10 | Borgwarner Inc. | Reibschlüssig arbeitende Vorrichtung mit mindestens einer Reiblamelle |
| DE102009030506A1 (de) | 2008-06-30 | 2009-12-31 | Borgwarner Inc., Auburn Hills | Reibungsmaterialien |
| RU2443624C2 (ru) * | 2009-10-29 | 2012-02-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Графиты и углеродные материалы" | Способ получения мезофазного углеродного порошка |
| KR101094785B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-19 | 2011-12-20 | 국방과학연구소 | 탄소-탄소 복합재 함침용 피치의 제조방법 |
| US9164191B2 (en) | 2011-02-09 | 2015-10-20 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Sequential fully implicit well model for reservoir simulation |
| US10113400B2 (en) | 2011-02-09 | 2018-10-30 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Sequential fully implicit well model with tridiagonal matrix structure for reservoir simulation |
| KR101321077B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-10-23 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 침상 코크스 원료의 정제 방법 |
| CN102942945B (zh) * | 2012-11-15 | 2014-05-28 | 四川创越炭材料有限公司 | 一种可溶性中间相沥青的制备方法 |
| CN103396819B (zh) * | 2013-07-26 | 2014-10-29 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种基于源质的煤基碳质中间相制备方法 |
| CN104388109B (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-01 | 厦门大学 | 一种可溶中间相沥青的制备方法 |
| US10508240B2 (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2019-12-17 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated thermal processing for mesophase pitch production, asphaltene removal, and crude oil and residue upgrading |
| US10913901B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2021-02-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integrated process for mesophase pitch and petrochemical production |
| CN109135789B (zh) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-09-28 | 中钢集团鞍山热能研究院有限公司 | 一种中低温煤焦油制备针状焦的方法 |
| KR102455988B1 (ko) * | 2020-10-08 | 2022-10-18 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 석탄계 원료의 정제방법 |
| KR102474281B1 (ko) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-12-06 | 한국화학연구원 | 메조겐분리 방식을 포함하는 중질유 유래 탄소섬유용 이방성피치의 제조방법 |
| KR102565168B1 (ko) * | 2021-07-01 | 2023-08-08 | 한국화학연구원 | 고수율 메조페이스 피치 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 메조페이스 피치 |
| CN114989851B (zh) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-12-15 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种泡沫炭前驱体、石墨泡沫炭及其制备方法 |
| CN116515187B (zh) * | 2023-04-28 | 2025-07-25 | 西安交通大学 | 一种具有高阻气、抗老化性能的沥青质球簇/热塑性高分子复合材料及其制备方法 |
| KR102630831B1 (ko) * | 2023-06-22 | 2024-01-29 | 주)씨에스캠 | 중유의 탄화물질 제거장치 |
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| US4005183A (en) * | 1972-03-30 | 1977-01-25 | Union Carbide Corporation | High modulus, high strength carbon fibers produced from mesophase pitch |
| US4026788A (en) * | 1973-12-11 | 1977-05-31 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing mesophase pitch |
| US4208267A (en) * | 1977-07-08 | 1980-06-17 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Forming optically anisotropic pitches |
| US4209500A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1980-06-24 | Union Carbide Corporation | Low molecular weight mesophase pitch |
| US4283269A (en) * | 1979-04-13 | 1981-08-11 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Process for the production of a feedstock for carbon artifact manufacture |
| US4277324A (en) * | 1979-04-13 | 1981-07-07 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Treatment of pitches in carbon artifact manufacture |
| US4277325A (en) * | 1979-04-13 | 1981-07-07 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Treatment of pitches in carbon artifact manufacture |
| JPS5657881A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-05-20 | Union Carbide Corp | Manufacture of intermediate phase pitch and carbon fiber |
| US4464248A (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1984-08-07 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Process for production of carbon artifact feedstocks |
| US4511625A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-04-16 | Union Carbide Corporation | Physical conversion of latent mesophase molecules to oriented molecules |
| JPS60200816A (ja) * | 1984-03-26 | 1985-10-11 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 炭素材料の製造方法 |
| JPS62270685A (ja) * | 1986-05-19 | 1987-11-25 | Maruzen Petrochem Co Ltd | メソフェ−ズピッチの製造法 |
| CA1302934C (en) * | 1987-06-18 | 1992-06-09 | Masatoshi Tsuchitani | Process for preparing pitches |
| EP0308824B1 (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1992-12-23 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Production of carbonaceous powders and their granulation |
| US4990285A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1991-02-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Balanced ultra-high modulus and high tensile strength carbon fibers |
| US5032250A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1991-07-16 | Conoco Inc. | Process for isolating mesophase pitch |
| US5259947A (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1993-11-09 | Conoco Inc. | Solvated mesophase pitches |
| US5437780A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1995-08-01 | Conoco Inc. | Process for making solvated mesophase pitch |
-
1993
- 1993-05-25 EP EP93914127A patent/EP0643755B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-25 RU RU94046431A patent/RU2104293C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-25 JP JP50070694A patent/JP3609406B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-25 KR KR1019940704392A patent/KR100268024B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-25 TW TW082104114A patent/TW502061B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-25 DE DE69308134T patent/DE69308134T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-25 WO PCT/US1993/004941 patent/WO1993024590A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-05-25 AU AU43898/93A patent/AU662644B2/en not_active Expired
- 1993-05-25 CA CA002135933A patent/CA2135933C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-26 NZ NZ247709A patent/NZ247709A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-28 MY MYPI93001017A patent/MY107785A/en unknown
- 1993-06-03 CN CN93108271A patent/CN1034221C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-04 ID IDP2001020993D patent/ID27420A/id unknown
-
1994
- 1994-11-08 US US08/336,141 patent/US5540903A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-02 NO NO19944653A patent/NO310303B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-05-24 US US08/448,905 patent/US5540832A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-05-18 CN CN96106642A patent/CN1067098C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100268024B1 (ko) | 2000-11-01 |
| EP0643755B1 (en) | 1997-02-12 |
| CN1139145A (zh) | 1997-01-01 |
| RU94046431A (ru) | 1996-09-27 |
| US5540832A (en) | 1996-07-30 |
| CN1034221C (zh) | 1997-03-12 |
| NO944653D0 (no) | 1994-12-02 |
| EP0643755A1 (en) | 1995-03-22 |
| NZ247709A (en) | 1995-02-24 |
| NO944653L (no) | 1994-12-02 |
| CN1067098C (zh) | 2001-06-13 |
| CA2135933A1 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
| JP3609406B2 (ja) | 2005-01-12 |
| WO1993024590A1 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
| NO310303B1 (no) | 2001-06-18 |
| ID27420A (id) | 1993-12-02 |
| DE69308134T2 (de) | 1997-08-07 |
| TW502061B (en) | 2002-09-11 |
| CA2135933C (en) | 1999-03-30 |
| DE69308134D1 (de) | 1997-03-27 |
| RU2104293C1 (ru) | 1998-02-10 |
| MY107785A (en) | 1996-06-15 |
| AU662644B2 (en) | 1995-09-07 |
| CN1083511A (zh) | 1994-03-09 |
| US5540903A (en) | 1996-07-30 |
| AU4389893A (en) | 1993-12-30 |
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